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190 CHAPTER 6
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THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST TOBACCO
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Fig. 6.7. Aufder Wacht, an antitobacco and antialcohol publication, derides a cigarette ad depicting smokers as manly and antismokers as prudes. The top caption reads: "This ad has been banned!" A commentary, not reproduced here, warns that such ads were "making a mockery" of the party's efforts to hold up Hitler as a model antismoker. The world's first anti-anti-antismoking image? Source: Auf der Wacht 54 (1937): 6.
far more vulnerable. Hence the charge that smoking was "espe cially popular among young psychopaths."62
It is not yet clear whether tobacco addicts were ever incarcerated for their addiction, but we do know that fate befell persons ad dicted to other substances. In 1941, Reich Health Leader Leonardo Conti ordered the establishment of an office to register addicts and combat addiction; similar registries were established to identify al coholics, the homeless, and so forth.63 Smokers may have been
Fig. 6.8. "You Don't Smoke It--It Smokes You! Signed, the Chain Smoker." Nazi authorities worried that nicotine created an alien allegiance when your body was supposed to belong to the state and the Fiihrer. Source: Reine Luft 23 (1941): 90.
fearful of such moves, given the widespread conception of tobacco use as a "first stage" in the move toward abusing ever stronger substances--like morphine or cocaine.64 Nazi Germany was fa mously rough on drug traffickers: a 1938 report by U.S. narcotics officials praised the Nazi regime for throwing a notorious Austrian drug trader into an internment camp "where he will undoubtedly remain for the rest of his life."65
Franz H. Muller: The Forgotten Father of Experimental Epidemiology
Documenting the lung cancer hazard of smoking was one of the most remarkable achievements of the Nazi era. Angel H. Roffo of Argentina (1882-1947), who published much of his work in