Document a196vX9DYXwKyRwJY3o7BKD4R
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PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT MET-15
-___MV i*.i i"*- rL *J:m.
L i-l
m1-*1 SARAI7AC LAP. OR TORY of the
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7 r`--0 ' ^ a
*_/ * * ^
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po'andaticn
_nac Lake, Acj ' orlr
Session, V.'ednscday, September 21;, 1952
___________9:00 a.,;;. - 1:00..?.
_____ >Jh- _ .
I)M
?:zu*.:ocoiiiDcio a::d
ca:::;lr
C-a.i.r'nan: C. P* *iuouds, I*; D.
hilosophy of Liostatistics us Applied to nvironnentul hulncr.ary C an c c r
h'orton L. Levis,
D.
Discussion
C-cr.eraJ. TIoviov
L# C. I *.u o p e r, ii L
Discussion
Asbestos J * i_n 0 s
';- 'Paul Cartier,- D."
Die- cus sion
/. _ . i. ^ r, L C a .
^--
a cuts tin 1. Lynch, b. D Li ccuador, led by b. b. A. ;.cr
TiTii".' 1/v C n-
v U 51 i
D:
I.adios and yontlonon,
b'o'r-e behind schodulo by truer, ty minutes. be hope that vc
Kill proceed in uahiny up this tine duriry the course of
tno cac
I Kill ed-nit it's a very tlyht sch3dulo, but
she loadcrsliip cT our chairman, I an cur e that us vill ac
0 C t i \r 0 r o.
vs ^ Ct -- 4
nth ''hi C h
tion to the banquusett ticha
r.aho . I call your atter. ;o;-,orrcw . :d also the
r 321.
i
soctoh RKOAns:
The ner.t never on the Ft.ocriun concer.no ths
nnocr nlror.dv di
Doctor hueper,
ve comic. :xv:
little exist, it voiild be very helpfv.i For there '.:ho rr s
ii
preear.tirr; paper::. Doctor huepor hnc ached to co-
on.
Doctor Drinhor'o rererhs. I -third: vc r.v.ct defer t!
i
i:c con [;ct the papers v.r.dor v;ny.
I ..'ill, therefore, introduce the neper on echos
toe r.ir.ir.r by Doctor Cartier. Doctor Cartier.
hr POCTCD cm tip :
. ..' . .
herbcrc cf thlf. Ty.rpcciur.: hot Dolny o otctic-
nuec.
con
ve ecccp tod : prero t this paper, V *
* `* ~i*f
--.1 ^ ------- 1
J cherId coy the
r.13 statistics c.nc
c*j! or tra
I 'octer Ph.illipc, off i c ial-s tat i o tic la
*
for national Career Ir.etituto cf Canada in Toronto, so I
vould liho that the so tvo er.perts toko tho r c c core.ibi lity
o ^ ^ +~ o -- e
aI
h t advance.
i as irA'i tod to present th-O p aper on tho
in i- 0 cede a toe ri a in p ir.de c try, no t ca
pec ial cpealification, only t c c cue e I happen.
5 to be ir char; of a cl inic which h.ae, an a primary Dune-
i ** ''i tre nrirur- condition of n -- . ^ i- c p ^
'000 tos
race, a yronp
outstanding r.etallur^ican"'l stuar or casccr o;
lor- in
relation to asbestos .fibers or any othor roictod fibers.
ir. the origin of nines, sir. different companies
aro doir.y asbestos nir.inrr operations, so for more than
eighty roars, and since 1945j those companion have orrar.-
iaod tlso T.notford Industrial Clinic which rx.s, as a pri
mary aim, to fulfill a program of inc.u trial hyylcr.s,
.-' -i --
and'vita dust control nr07 is ions' .
In 1950, tho concopt of an inhalation of cstas-
too fibers and oulr.ornrm cyrcer vas mentioned 'or mam in
vestigators and it was at that moment that tr.Q' he dical
Advisor or tho C.uebec Asbestos yi.niny Association, saw ad-
vout&yos for the cmplcyees and the employers, to recommend
a company invest ip at ion composed cf an e n i cl c: :i 010. ti c a1 and
cr.pcrimcntai study*
This report is part of phis study.
_
The yhetford Indus triaj. Clinic has boon in cp-:r-
aticn o:tly oir.oo 1949, and v:c hove medical records c.n five
:nous cm ri C* * r> i I'-tvo employees, tut this survey is based only
on unroo thousand nano nun area 1 y-ssvs.n sorkers hsviny
voriod in ti:e industry from two to sixty yoars* About or.o
thousand employees ionvo born rojoctod fro:: this survey bo-
causo thoy have not war hod lor.y cnourh, cr because they
have vrorlod in different Indus trial trades before.
before orcscrti.n- tho first table, I third: it is
-- Jjp.--
worthviiile to say that the labor turn-over in
Incur try is or.c of the lowest in nil the indue try in Cana
da, .rearing that "the ~ s table population is working ir. our
r.Ir.o and neani-r, also, timt in many aspects, it is easier
to' s tudy"'"ar.d here' rspresenrative.
The first slide plcaso. So as 1 r.ontionod, tills
Table hunker 1 shcv:s the are group 'ids tribution of the
(-roup study and I don't think it needs any c omen ts -except
to say that the averr.se a,re of cur employees is tliirty-
o
fivc, about-two yc nr s .older than . the . average- for the rer.
al incus or ial population, and till b table will sho\r also
th.at 1,577 :un are included in o arc - ar.d over, in the group where .the
r> J?
- or
mors general.
Seccnd -- next table, pie co. This table indi cates the nunber of "ears soer.t in the asbestos "-ilrinn indus try by tiiS totrf rurb c-- of cr.ue.ovac s surv .-- c. J Cf course,
tills tablo.ic not as significant a vrcue bo
cblc ir.di -
eating tho specific exposure of tlu so oroloyoo:, but after
many attonpts it has seersod ir.pos sible' to - to add togs the
tho different voars soont in difforent concentration of
fibers, to which nor t of the eriploroos have been exposed.
and I third-: as a re-ark too, it Is worthwhile to
cn
-tat two thousand, two hundred have spent none tl
years in tho asbostor. Indus trv.
i rt.
.5 ~`-r *
hcxt table, plcn.ce. The following table chows a
clascificntion of various exposures.' in-the asbestos rnininp;
industry. F.calize that this classification could be dis
cussed for many hourc, and present r.any ruarrols, but I
third xrcnccrtkeicss -thsrk var toed, for many purposes, vs nosd
e" job classification, .e.ven for the exposure aspect or for
research, go after \;o v:ere stationed with far engineer, ue took the average of all tho duct s'.crvey node in the min
ing industry and v:s decided juct to draw this table, and
talc tablo has also,. I.don't hnow if it is .objective .ad",
vantage, but has the advantage of corrolatinr with cur case
of ccboctosis.
I wont to state that all the cases of asbestos is
havo belcr.yed - have worked in shops, under that rule, I':s sorry, in tho louor yroup, and o'ar non luvir.p worked even
iron two to forty-five years in that kind of exposure, jsss
never developed an ccbestosis wULc]
-----_
r ci w
r ,,----- , ^
A w
4 **
V
w'
-
,*
osteologists
or ep ide.uioloyis ts or by experiments, to be of a cocuonc **
Eny nodical sequence.
This tablo, as you nay see, presorts million par
ticles por cubic foot and the porcor.tayo of fiber count.
7hi3 is very important, be'eauso from experionco to exper
ience, it soems that the fiber ic the only pathological
spent, rock dust not bcinx - not bo in,3 reproduced i:_ any
ccnconcus, p'ulmonary fibrosis. I third:, only this x.ipht
V
r.ocd so:a further orcplrr.etlon, b3cr.v.:e yo': ;e: that is not
clear. Even tMs rohrht seen a littls loos concontrated,
but just the same wo put In this whole croup, because cn
the prouni, dry work and the prissly :.sn ere werehup lenrsr,
thov are vorkinp in more constant conceal .tion of fibe;
r.d a few exc
So, please r
renter the cate-porlee, 0, 1, 2, 3, k --- 5> uCC cun e "in
ccr.ir.p
\--1--o---ct -i---1-.- y-- .*i---J: --- V**"j'^V'''3 "'OM wO
~ C uJ '
'Zhe followin':.-tables . intend' to indicate indie
C )
or prevalence of pulmonary cancor ir. different jrroups of
cotes toe workers in comparison to different cor.trol preups.
Tho test of selecting significant control ^rouo has boon,
in this case, co ovorpnrhere , very difficult,
wirhod to be cole to fend'a p.roup Ir. the provinc cf fuetoc, a pro up In any other comparative - cor.o arable incus
:riel proup, but it wee impossible for th.9 follow!.-..- rocs on,
tie at in no. ether indue trie! citios in frovince C.uobec, so
lerpe a proportion of the adult population is followed
nodicelly so closely, because I think I should mention to
ore ere workin
srccr.t of
ccn't have c v cf tnc function of hue - \J . k, - r o ^ r* 1 n
'.'.o tried, with tho nee c curre
. 326..
pc.rc.bio survey yroup, but I don't thir.h it was cr is poccible, bcccv.ee in the Province of Quebec, very fsv edtalts over fifty ye err of aye are tahin" advantage of tho rats curve 7. As a :cat ter of fact, the rase survey made in yhotford nlnos in_l?S9 by the Provincial Deprr trent of health, did not detect a sir.-lo caco of pulmonary cancer, either in the generic operation or in fourteen :liners vro hove boet M-rayod, so iinvir.y not succeeded in selecting a rood'con trol -revo for the roasor. lust mentioned, v;e ivvo decided to ne'/.o comparative 0 tree7 of . Lr.cidonee- of tie yalcr.cnary . cancer in different yroups of asbestos venders, which can be studied with the :ar: Methods end v;h :r, at tne eerie tins, would present suf ficicr.t char acterle ti cs to be :i -
the no ret tabic, pleas 9. Z.\L
prevclcr.es of puin.0nr.r7 cancer accordin.y todoyrec of isrrth,
to deyrcc and ler.yth of exposure and by aye. 'hole tablo
shows the prevaior.ee of pulmonary cancer in the yrcup with
severe er.pcrare, that's this yroup, and t'rhs is mens cr less
a control y.roup.
This, wo havo six cca.cs of pulmonary - of primary
pulmonary cancer and fc'ar cases, in fact, ir. tho yroup er.-
poeod end this, of ccrorso, the number beiry smaller, It
yave us a hiyber incidence, tut if we also tain
vo
.vo to cdm.it that tills difference in incidence is net,
3C7
no statistical value, because it is not -.-.ore or 6 cur! to
tuico the so cornary condition,
Doxt, please. TiuLs table vas rudo at the sug
gestion of Doctor Pratt, vho vac interested to hnou the com
parative incidences in group
employee, oi er.plcye cc vho
have boon exposed to a airnificent -iagreo of exposure.
Category j>, Ip arid 5i fiver as less - as one year, ar.d as
a control group, ve ted:o tit a group of employees vith-any
bird oi exposure, but of the Categories 1, - 0, 1 and 2.
': -Doctor . rratt. .bed lir. .rtind, . in. 'sug .yes ting that
table, that the factor axpesuro to severe concentration of
.sees cos x or any -or^an of tir.o r:_
bo as sigr.ifiemt as
tscli', nearing that if there is a possible causal rolationshdp, the inhalation of sufficient
cos ape oi asbestos fibers slight be e_s important os the fac tor asbostosic itsolf and at the sane tire, I tiiinh ve hnva
the tvo extremes. In . r>. : , .-- nW d
slide, vo rave r.en v:ith severe
exposure, tho incidence of cancer, pulrorxry cancer in nan
vith severo exposure, and in this - in this table, vc have
non in tho group 2 with, very light or vory little exposure
but vitii sufficient dosage cf - of rust,
Iv^xt table, ploasu. This table iniicstos the
prevalence of pulr.unary cutter in a series of fifty-throe
autepsiod asbestos workers. T;.is snslysis, adtreugr not a
cpIdcniolop10t t try sane tins zoic, no that less thin tsn
percent sro post-r.orteru cases, so tills r.irht bo not cor,-
pardblo to a Itr^o extent, but I thi.nl: if there v;aa any
r.ipr.if 1 cor.cc , -.:c should expect to hove a btyper vsri 1 tics
in tin percentages.
lent, table, please. Instead oi ccrparirp the
. i --.
-i.ic.scnco ci pulnonsry cancer
US
po. pul-aJ.ti/ on, cln rr\. i.
CO.i w~ w-- r- a -- 3 ^ ^
rd .; m1 .. es with tit3 incidence in ether
- v. nv-r
rs--o"
w> u*. wO J 4 Canada has sucrestod to-vor.r tihs r.ur.bcr, tis
^ w. _l U j
_ w h _ w C
ho icet ths' use wir j3:n inr :_ss
found in a rancor, population of iru,C33j an annual ir.ciser.ee
of seven ease:
esc::
pula tier.,
riv-su a year 1 w ^ v> -- .Cj O . wO\<3.^h/> # On. tint basis, Tretford hires,
u / , ', / . . .__
..-Cl* ^.0 u v u h <-i_'' B
pop-udation
Ai
ten c ao c 0 1^ r
. -- . * *\
ccr.ccr,
ths ec
d
5
~ulu6 ac tual
In hen tread, with, tho ten yosrs 0 spec honey of si
sir. ninety cr six ninety-throe eases, it has, as ycu esc,
oirht hur dr od illty-sir. and I third it is vcrthwrila to
r.ontion tint in l'.or trod, tlle rato since- '^5, in
rats per hundred thousand ol popud ati on v as only .y, 5*9,
n;d in 1950, it has rosebud 11.9.
CD
important ur that of Doctor hercv:oth:r of Great Lritcir.,
is based o:: quits a si;ciiar basis and 1 would thinh that
tliic yroup is less aciestive, because tliat is no section
at all, float ' s all the cases vro meant to autopsy alter
- fron fifteen, years and over in tie Industry. Ayrdn here,
tho difference is rot as bir as it loohs, beca.se after
usir.r - usiny the standard there, ve con to c difference
of Lbout only .5 between the two yrovps, the yrcup with,
asbestosis and yroup with - without usbec tools ,
I can not arurvor why .there is less cases of car
eer in the astestctic yroup, but I thirl that if vs could
hove autopsy os. over; o:r; 1 cyec who happens to die, wc r.iyht
yet ci tutor a different pic fare of r.sybe an ir. direct explan
ation .
Gent table, please.
was r.aue .cr Una
purtoss of
a rat^-o tetwoen tac
` *s r* -* r' . c an -
cor deaths outsido and the uuironurn career deaths was
soreurat different frett the ratio observed in a f
control ys-cups. First, I tliinh it should be rentiers!
that .ninety porcont of the cases for the City of Fortran!
and a hundred percent of tho cases for the City c:
ford lines, arc nutops ie c, - nr o 7.0s t r.or ton cases.
is v.h.y I say it is difficult to cor.? ore. 1 don' t r__ h wn.icn preportieu for tho hovlr.c 6 cr City of Curbs ur, v-
for th.e Province of Cucboc, td:o statistician arid bite
^*3 C,-/\
(ho rerponco).
Rov, if those of you \;l;o rare In the back, could
you corse fervorc so that v:c can really yet a picture. There
ore a lot of seats up forvard and it will crly tahe a few
minutes.
ht cay td:at the pho
these pictures cued you nay buy one
on the bulletin board outside will be s paper' where ye\
r.i rht ir.di c a t a v:he the r vch
;no cr a cozen.
. - (Photonraph vas toher*, after which thn .roe tiny
vac adjourned. Cession reconvened at 2:37 r. 1..).* i
oo
AhD illROIART C/.DC" {Continued) 2:
-- r-'
i
Chromate l.'orkoro
^
Anthony J, Lr.rua,
D.
Tie cues ion
-
lapcrimental r-ulnonary Cancer - General Review
. G. I'-urrouhns Rider, . D.
Dir evasion
Pulmonary Cancer in experimental Ikrpcsvres to car -- r> * n.
Anna laotjer, Sc.D.
Discussion
ru.~or.ary Cancer, in Ihperir.ental unpozvres to ler -Vl<v
A. w--. ---- ^ ^ o * ^ a--ci | r. * u #
Discussion.
V
question of an ctiolorical relatiorj.iatp botuecn cancer of
the lun ana asbestos, but also between cancer cf tho lunr;
end ether local illnocs.
In 1940, I nude a no to of the doc. the fror. astes-
.a, csboctocis with tuberculosis and eithsr o :e 5 e vi th also clinear of tho lury, rocordod in the United hlrq;-
don iron 191i+ to 1947* '1 pieced alongside then for conparicon, the corre-spondinr data ve have from r Hiccs is end cancer of the luny. Those vere factual data '.atich speed:
.:c -- > ^'Ivos insofar as -troy ;o, but I attempted to nod:6
do duct lens since I felt the asbestoois deaths wero to w 4 for the purpose. I have now brouhat those fi rarer uo to
v* O
are c sure ap on a_r.'; ' r -- *' . r. -
.cools
enfant to several thousands. T
lj lar~6
to
shuv
Ah ~ h U
tuoro as no 3 tie! ccacal r' c lotions hi?
be twoon silicosis and cancer of th a l an r on d ; ^ this I' -
^ G* Hi -xOCl uj tJ ,f; d B 4-0. produced by tho P outh A
t r1 I0 ahT'l C-^p
w
I will not 1:6any you, there fora, v i 4-4. 4. :u> additl cm hr. X- V
last three and a quar tor yoars to o"JLr c iiic os is f i par a s m
briefly, therefore, our latost fiyares are recorded
de a the fi'cn asbestos!
gi tier co.tplicated. wi
arc 306 . I on or.clud
:r. of tin se where trenr*-> n 1 r- r
cancer of sites other
lh *t-G'>ea 1lu1 nr-s. Our net fispares ere,
. ------ 399.-
therefore, 2?S donths end o, Sf' tho,se fcrtJ--y----_-a. < i[ht or Id.2
pc-rcont fore associated fith cancon cf tho lur.r. Trhs
shews an incr-ocso from c. 13*2 percent diecloroi by cor :
.arlior fluriJ3,
;at, cb rore dentin: frer
ac'ooctosia core to hand, tho curudutivo percenterc cf
deaths with co-plicatinu cancer of the lurr is risir.y rather
tl:on rdlinij..
lie-', vi.oro do uo yc to iron here? Are these f in -
urss cefficient to indicate s. causal re be ti sr.ship between'
Ll:e retention of asbestos cast
he lun-s
e ' > c '-i c u cr. ^
c thp. cor of the lung? The snail
c at l-x c. 1 cf tine
T* ^ v--*'
*' Zi j JuL-.jv -- } o 1, C Ti ' . .*, t * ....
___i__* m __ l 1) .. j_ ri i\. 1 _ _ ' x _ !_l v .
United dirtier curiay ti.e oast a'tar ter of a c or.verr.
:cause of the pro a buy--- t --
r.ass oi ..'oruers, aoettrs arc otners x:t t_t
Q 1 -v
acres tos T ',
Ol -f' -r, iIsenbo, because
r.s cutv of
Coroners to investiyote with autopsy ic ,,o report to rtf ce-
0 a , deaths s'uspected to be duo to occupational dis
ease, whatever it racy be, the corpensctio.r benefits accru
ing to cases of pr.eur.occnicsiE,,, the cys tear, of factory in
spection, cur periodical check-up of the deGth certificates
provided by the rhpistrnr GornrrdL, and f othcr rsssons,
is likeio that Yen- few deaths from as-:
9 s capo
wl, --n* --
Therefore, with confidence, I think v:e can s et
that tho f iqurca point to the no coo sitj Tor tho colic c tier,
of similar data iron other connunlties '.:ith an asbestesis
haaard, :o that by more cf statistical or.sr.instion of tho
qlcbal fiquros go obtained, vo can settle tho question of
'.:hc then can cor of tho lunq is an Eclr.itior.El risk of asbes
tos exposures,
t
he-.:, 1 should rentier, tors oh.it the -f iqure
Cj J
United hinrdor., tie at those fiquros include all of there,
because tiny eerie to r:o. so' that ve rust not add up excess
fiquros and - t'ne X fiquros and 1" finer as and Z fi.pares,
and third: that they're ail additional cases of astostosis,
\;stn carcnor
one can *" t
c cure 9
different countries, but sno rust bo very careful addin
uo or duolicatinr. tho sane cases in th9 sans countries.
'here is enothsr coin L. asV* - - v *N
mis
_____ ___ _ / --.. j. i. - j. ^ ha popuiEtiO.n risk cf asbestos is sr.a
relatively to ether industries and it flue testes. A \:ar
brines a quest increase of people, because obvi: iy, -u ic a qraat canard for hiqh class asbestos insulation
use in ver r* -s ^ - .
r* h
- a-- ,
-J
types of verb, ana' b-.cc 4. r .Jr
off cqsin, so that cr.o co'uld never really rot a population,
for instance, no thick or.c could relate a particular case
cf asbestesis, assuui:v~ that asbestos is a fa:
r.attor.
f
-------------------------- IpOl..
of , ano t
has yot to be breu;.
considering a hat or
s tatlc tlcicm alvay
lation bslore they
tluo nutter, t.aat yo
population of an i n very risk ray
0
\~>
0
of the population.
7=`^r
That oc:ur:, l'or instance, in coni .2a n nurntr oh 72 arc sy c, ~ ~,-o - . >-
--ti
portion of poopj.0 crporcd' :o tor or terry vapors, etc.
thoy'r loot in tho whole population od ths trsds, out
'.:hon vou lir.it then to the C9oslo \.'ho aro e noosed to ter
and terry vapors, you find ior-3 la cm tines
cutaneous cancer, In other words, tho
overall nutters assured to ba at risk.
And, it i
. < -- > < V
1.0 tho
trade. A lot of people don'
eh oxpocuro to asoos-
toe at all. 'Jew, on far as tr.o rate in ashostos, I jttvsn' J
r_01 into that 70 t, but iollovinr a reran h r.sdo th
I v *ill try and do so.
Then doctor Lynch did say, what is the doyroo ci
asbostosia. Low, all theso pooplo h.avo been autopeiod and
all cT then died prhnarlly ci asbestosis, wre
. ~ V - 0>
tubercle or cancer later.
I
;:ov( I won't weary you with tho statistical ap proaches. hesidcE that, I'm very friyr.tenad of statistic ians. they're yoi.ny to die i*- * Tir.d an error in this, hot cuito as bad as a psychiatrist, of course. I'm looting Tor the day when we have a statistical psychiatrist. well, just another pare of this, sir, then wo'll be ready to threw r.e out.
Of the 296 deaths we are ccr.sidcrir.r172 occurred in males end 126 in fer.alos, liyhty-tvo or 27-7 percent, half males and half females, were associated with pulmonary tuberculoei s . The mean aye -of' death- was ' 45.2 y oars , wi th ' a rarye of 2i| to 73 years for tine cases of asbestosis. 39.3 with a ronye of 17 to 66 years, r<--* vv c:sc for or with tuber culosis and 52 -k year? with the ran.ye of 32 to 77 for the cacos of asbe3tosis and career of she iu
The mean duration of e repo cure was 13.7 s r>*'c a ran ye of one to forty-ci< -- v * no--r cea^t:us rron --n! aps.rsV^stasis. Scmo 'took a hell of a lory tin a to die -- 11.1 with a rar.yo of 133 - no, I put tine wrer.y cno, I >n sorry, 11.1 ys ans, vf a ronye of 33 7ears with asbestosi3 v.*ith tuberculosis and 19 yearn 'with a ronye of 2 to 1+9, 2 to Ip2 years for csbestosis with cancer cf the luny.
naan duration of life between cessation cf erpor.uro and death, vac 6.5 years with a ran re of 1 t 32 for asbestosis, I4J.7 yoars - that should bo I;. 7 years wit
/
--Uo:
rc^i'.e oT 1 to 21 Cor asbostosis vith tuberculosis, ehd .3
rears vith a range of 1 to 2s for asbostosis end cane or 'cf
'tho lung.
You soe the ranges ore verr v;ida Indeed, which
is of coma interest. They say vith tubercle, you can ret
tubercle ary tine. It can cone on then at any tine and kill /
then at any tine. Kcw, thore arc indications, iron cur
rip hat cur preventive regulations which cane into lull
operations in 1932, twenty years ago, are Irving an effect
and this nay be the er.planatior* of vhy the incidence of cor.o`1 icasinr carxe oir tl:e Iung'a??csr3 ts'to rising.
Tocay, vc do not c rerun ter cases e: er.tr er.e mss-
ive fibrosi3 and gross bronchiectasis end even a sarcona
'nutmeg' liver vith donth, end co .plicated vith tuberculosis or cancer of tire lung at on early age, vithin five to seven years from, the comenc orient of exposure. Thou a cases dcr.'t so ere to occur. Tho duration of cr.pcrure which results ir. deoth from asbostosis is lengthened, the ago of death is in
creasing and the degree of fibrosis found at autopsy is less.
This r.eanc that caoos cf asbestosis arc lir.itod
to the cancer occurring ago period, and if - and I nay if
there is a relation.') hip bo true on aobtetosie and censer of
tho lung and Ir
tat ion, lot us surmise
fiber is a co-ccrcin ogen vith a 1ong cnpos urs period, then
... 1&
\:a would orpoct an increased incidence of career of the
lunp over that found In the ponerol population to he coma
af tsrvords
Rspordinp; these cancer cares, the r.o an ape cf
death, I said was 53~ pears, so I put this in for - air.ee
I found I'd be hiched off if I didn't. Row, th9 occupations
involved are sonowhat intcrestinp. They're always differ
ent, as you hrow, because soneti--.es tr..-o occupations carried
cut in the a arcs noon with different dust exposures or with
other different factor3, but it is a little interesting to
see that the majority of theso forty-eipht cases, that the
sore dusty the process, of course, it's nest fallacious,
but still wo watch with care, for Instance, weaving. \JoavI
Lnp io r.otorio'ualy dusty, cr.e case there with ten cf these
cancor 1'unp cases, one case also associated with tar dine;
end spinning that the ran had done, an dene case r.-.ir.inp and
~ u- **--*U# c
* --1 Ww
e iphty C I *..C * - Cl ^ ,
pipe and boiler, coverers, iucludinp niuinp; coves, and
r.attrcsc raahinp, sin and all the r-eat are below that, end
dl thos o ore dusty jobs.
fell, what then is she oticlopical factor, 11'
any here? hud, I'd be nosh prateful for ycrur views. I
knew that physical irritation as a direct cardrop calc apart
has been rather debihicc by tivo cancer oxperts, but I
rcrer.ber tint ss oonso rocc.nt wort by a United dates export,
(L
___ L;07.-
'hat i s the nature of the usbectos itself. IIov/, when I
.first used to qo to Canada, I used to ho or frequently that,
up thore, that the Canadian asbostos was less dar.arlny than
tho hhid they used in fnyland,! believe, and 1 1save put
that coirant down to viiat v;e ni^ht call the national or
local patriotism, you icnov, like tho rivalry between towns,
so that 70U so frequently see, but the fact rs:u in s the
ssose, that in this c cun try, ve do use the asbestos, mostly,
the asbestoe that we yet from Canada, and I believe, from
what I hear from- pur Dnqlish -friends, that a r.r.eat. deal,.
if not the major part of the asbestos -used in norland, is
Rhodesian asbestos, which is quite dissimilar in its con
struction and in its formation, its physical c:zraateris-
ton in Canada.
hot comas 1 on
tford and from
ho-.;, that nay have notiihiy to do v;ith L' until, two or three years arc, I dismissed that,
t?
that v:as just purile, but since ve have in tho la:-* w> --.Or*
years, learned that different typos of silica, fc:r ins tans e
produce entiroly distinct pathological effect, I am heyin-
nine to wonder if we imvo not failod to pay suffi cient at-
tention to the typo of asbestos which varieo even an I arr.
informed, there ic a difference between the asbes
is mined in tho town of Asbestos and the kind tha not far away in Thotford, and yot both of these. 4
.5 mined *>
---------- l;0~i
tiro there, tind ;:tvc sport a let of tine reviewing films,
end not lcru. are, spent sovorol days v;ith Doctor Ksmo th
Dnith on asbestos, reading hiB f 11ns.
I find it difficult to believe tint our earner
incidence anony asbeo tos workers could
laryc as it see ns t o be in Dryland, bo
while It?, eor-
fcctly fr oe to admit
havo :
which v:o should have not, on tho
:on ' t third:
we c o ul d hava :aissod all of then if tk
the s a :o ex ten t t::a t npp arontly oho y u
how, tluat is simply an obsc.
pU
n--"
W, W-.
r
-
a
w
,
9 t ia
true
that as
soon as
tin
ful effects cf asbestos ones took hold in the A-.fricao in
dustry, they did start to clean up ti:olr plants and, while
v:ouj.cn sat
.1 tine asbestos slants in the countr~
..ere marvels of industrial hyyicre perfection, neverthe
less yrcat strides have been race, ana par tied arly, f cr
inatanco, in the plant in Doctor its run Uh Lynch's tour, in
Chjarlottc, South Carolina, whero they have done a very
beautiful job, so tr:at with the snail number of people in
the industry;, it's obvious that wo are never yo iru to havo
tiro clinical onperienco with as bes tools that vo have, Ter
instance, with silicoois, because there is not yoiny to bo
the notorial to work on. Low, back cf that, there is still one r;
on .
14.0-2...
oro quite different fror. the asbestos that core fron Rho
desia, end ponsibIt fror. other parts of tho vorld with
which I'ro not acquainted.
And, having in rind the losson we've learned in
tlie silica dust, I third: tint is boos thing perhaps that we
should pay r.ore attention to. how, I. sir.ply raise that
point, cause I think it nay have a great deal core sig
nificance than we havo bson inclined to give it.
11 ov*, I havo oumariced - I have oumrisod ny rs-
.narks. ho.ro. vary .briefly, because tko . topic . of. .chrcrno . is. go-
ing'to bo handled by Doctor Anna Baotjsr, who has dons the.
experimental work in chror.e, ar.d has a core in tin ate kr.ov-
lodre of it from that point of view than I do.
Tho availablo evidence is that chrouat: workers
do have an ir.ciconcG cf cancer cf
r.coss or
what right be expected. ssyor.d trio, ve do r.o
a greot dcal.'
Interest in chrere as a pcs aisle carci.cr caic
agent, wi th particular respect to lung cancer, is co.-.para-
tively recent. The officials of one cf "the largest cams
producing comar.ies in this country ruopiied the impetus
that started interest in this subject in the United States,
their apprehensions to tangible forr., in setting c.n foot
the statictical survey conducted by hachlo and Gregorius,
and published in the kublic Health Reports or. Aurust 27tb,IS^G
' 1 s'
Thoro era so.no flyuros that r.iyht in tercet you
concornin the duration of the exposuro of tho so people
until they yot cancer. hay I show one elide? This "inht
interest you to shov; the distribution .of theso coses by
len.yth of exposure. -IT you just focus your attention, be-
causo rj0 don't have rush tine, on tills coluun _r.d tiie ra.nyo,
you will 00a that tho avorayo nro is fifty-two years, and
tlso rornc wos fror. thirty-one to s eve r.ty-tao of those casco
that have .been rspertod in the literature.
. ... .
The d'uraticn of exposure is the interesting thinx
here, and it varies fren four to fervy-sevun yiars, These
non leave been exposed to chroniun, before they developed
thoir cancer. T2;e interval teowoes initial expo rare ana
tine diagnosis of cancer. v;as approximately the sane, bo onus o
onco it is - about seventeen, and the rorrre is four to forty-oovon.
Then bshoor. th3 end of exposure and the diayr.o-
sis of cancer i-s also interest iny, It snows that in sc-.-o
casos, tho cancer nay develop rainy years after the end cf
the exposure. Tho interval betveon diagnosis and death is,
os in all casoD of luny cancer, an avorarc of a very short
ooriod of tine.
of tho so cssos vhich wo lunvc
h vh
wo huvu studied, have co:*3 to oar dispensary
tho.
np tons, their cevero syrptors, didn 1 t
-----Hj -y in until
V
,ir<
Anore who was forv.oriy nodicai "cfficer for the plant in Vales
vhoro "these nasal sinus tuners hud been observed, End I also
visited Doctor nor can vho -- the :;edical Officer there r.t
the present tine.
They both stated that the r.ar. who has developed
the nasal sinus tuners were not r.sn v.ho had been employed
in the part of the plant where t-ro rsic-ht bo .onto sure to
nichel csrbcnel, and they ware, for that reason, vary re-'
luotant to believe that the nicbel carbonel was a factcn in
tho nasal sinus tutor s that load be on observed.
They further pointed out that the tuners that had
occurred were in nen who have beer, oupcscd to the calcir.ars,
that is the ores v;ith the - tint since 192b, -.."hen the cai-
cir.ers were redesigned, thoy iiuvc not seen car.ocr of the
nasal cirrus in :.:en vrhoss or.plcynor.t in tiro h:civs try has
tahen plac3 only subsequent to 192;> so that it would seen
hat there is" an instance vdtich fulfills
p''*1 C" '
that were raised this norninc as to whether an experiment
of naturo mi^ht be porfornod which would have be arise ^
tho question of an occupational hazard in the way of a
respiratory tract carcinoma.
~Y DOCTOR OADG;
Doctor Diorowo then, would you covunt cr. these rs-
mrhE ?
_ ilhL * _ i . 1-- * L-- * *-- . r "
r" "iTi ' *
, --I 1 - * --i * ------' .
V
1.1,
an opportunity to visit him and 1 ecm cone thi.om of the ma terial that he had assenblod. ho lend seventeen cases is: which. thcro ::ad teen co-onis tent carcinoma and asbcstocis in tho" lun^s. In his sorios, t:xro was no relation th-at could be detcctod between the ds-rec of asbcstocis and the presence or absence of cancer, or the decree of aobeotosls and fi^ht of cancer.
How, his scries cane from a plant tr_at 'used the . Rhode s ian blue asbestos which, as Doctor Lara a has pointed
out, has certain characteristics ticat are different frees the Canadian ashostos. It's a r.cre brittle fiber and, therefore, rives rise to noro dust. however, it was rry understor.dine that sore of the cases described in Great Eritalr., had had exposure to the Canadian white asbestos.
I wonder if ary of our colleagues fr on ever so as who are in the room, richt caro to co--cot or. that?
I would iiho also, to make one furtiuor point in connection with' a m.attar that both Doctor Devon and Doctor Rhoads brourht out, and that Is the experiment of nature, where ono nay vary circumstances and sae if that has any thin;: to do with a phenomenon that hao been observed. The question of exposure to nickel, which was brourht up this morninr, is sorest hi nr that I have been asked- aberut by sever al individuals ovor the lunch hour,
I recently had an oopertunity to vie it with Doctor
M
L\
C
I couldn't corv.ont on cone of then, but I think con partially u;ser co.no of these, sir, end I think Doc tor ILuon ccn answer conclusively ono of the-.
First of all, I thi;.k footer Lanaa is nisinfemed about tho proportions of asbestos used and where then are used in Hr.-land, The original ca:;s of asbestos is , fifty years eco, were all Canadian asbestos, The oarlios h osbos toe work in L'nyland was eithor sever, ry-ciyht or oiyhty-tvo and--there nay -have'.boon, cons- crystalline fiber thor_,. but .. very quickly the asbestos trade concentrated on the white Canadian crys tall ino.
Lator on, tho rdiodoclan asbestos red the ihcd-ccian - the Couth African blue, and the tdiird ono which is also an iron silica, tho anacite, canc in. Dev, of all cf tho so, th.e anacite is definitely tho nest brittle. It has short fibers, it's brown and it's not fibers as Icr.r as that (indicating) whereas the best 'Canadian spinning fibers here only rot fibers as lor..3 as that (indicatinQ) and tine host blue is about that.
Well, there is no doubt about the dustiness of the anacite. That is tho brown lony fiboroa stuff, to such an ox.tcnt that it's very little usod today, co it's at the period v/hore a one of those casoc oro canoornod, or wnero tho casos of asbostesis occcrod - ao.no of ry old friend C-lTnn'E casos occurred - thcr . vac a 300a deal of blue and
\,.v \
1.00
a good deal of acccitc u_sod <bi', -- tu.mii uoctcr in
in his pi ant, uhich, is tl.o bigge about the types of asbestos they tor;:, and the - uho tl:er they hav uac. n_~" corc-nors o.
hov;, about the r.ichel cancer, i' is 'perfectly ' 1 r t r>r ^ i
------- u m cd
r it as suer lor tro very ci.yuc reason, tha"
- veil, one reason is that r.ichel carbon is so tonic that
ue should build a factory in order to rot tics - in coder
to rot the littlo or,; , and of course, it right act in t.oat proportion, tnen a mould ir.agir.c a _ot -.ore
.:ould havo fcoen effected,
Doctor hr.oro o doctor hergan and rysslf feel
tliat ties - tact tbs ro-building of the :: caicir.ers vos the crucial eh or. go in tine natter, though. tieeeere vac sera
operation in the constitution of the r.atoria
shipped fro.-. Tort Hons in Canada, line -difference, ac I
lancru,' be corns o I ecu it before and aftervards, betveen the
old and or. trendy dusty calcir.csrs end the r.odcrn build,
is enormous, Therefore, thcro
o 3 cne hope in the
fact that perhaps a lot of big dosage 3 nscGEotr^ to oro-
cuco co:no cf thoso cancers,
.i
i w. k r..: *>>. J j ;
