Document a18Mz1geQBwo0QJzyXj3RZ0nN

inR^jrial relations bulletin DATE 8/22/83 SUBJECT BULLETIN TITlE Industrial Hygiene Asbestos BOO"7 1547 RESPONSIBLE DEPT BULLETIN NO Employee Health Services 4 SUPERSEDES r1 DATED Same ! 7/18/75 ... . l Asbestos is a generic term that describee a variety of naturally occurring fibrous, incombustible silicate minerals. Although tremendously valuable to industry, these minerals have been cloBely linked to aebestoeiB, a degenerative lung-scarring disease, and to lung cancer. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), therefore, haB regulated employee exposure to asbestos Bince shortly after the agency's inception. OSHA has defined asbestos, established standards for itB use, and set permissible expo sure limits. The initial airborne asbestos fiber'limits have been revised downward. Regulations under the OSHA asbestos standard are-covered in 29 CFR 1910.1001. Asbestos exposure in Ontario iB regulated under the Occupational Health and Safety Act (Revised Statutes of Ontario, 1980, Chapter 321, August 1982). Exposure limits presently differ under the two regulations; however, industrial hygiene work practices to control dust and fiber in air are the Bame. Six fibrous minerals, members of a family called silicates, are recognized as asbestos: chrysotile (white asbestos), actinolite, amosite (brown asbestos), anthophyllite, crocidolite (blue asbestos) and tremolite. Commercially, chrysotile is the most impor tant form of asbestos, accounting for approximately 95% of the asbestos used in North America. Some talc contains various amounts of asbestos. Asbestos has about 3000 different uses, with approximately two-thirds being used in the construction indu^^y in building products, insulation, friction materials, and textiles. Manufactured products have included reinforced asbestos cement sheets and pipes, patching and taping compounds, floor and ceiling tiles as veil as paints, coatings and sealants containing BBbestoB as reinforcing fillers, pipe linings and fillers for various liquids. Friction products include clutch facings and brake linings for automobiles and trucks, railroad care, eirplanes, and industrial machinery. A variety of other uees are known including theeter curtains, fire blankets and other thermal protection, filtration materials and, until recently, dry wall patch compounds and imitation fireplace ashes. Once incorporated into manufactured items, hazards resulting from asbestos are less probable, as long as the substance is not disrupted. However, the fibers are nearly indestructible, and a potential health riBk arises whenever asbestos fibers are set free, resulting in airborne asbestos dust. Health Hazards Asbestos exposure can cause asbestosis, cancer of the lungs and digestive tract, and mesothelioma. Asbestosis is a diffuse fibrotic lung disease caused by exposure to high concentrations of asbestos dust and fiber, usually after several years of exposure. The onset of asbestosis appears to depend on dust and fiber concentration, fiber shapes, type of asbestos, and length of exposure. Usually, the disease becomes evident 20 or more years after the first exposure to asbestos. Once established, however, & highly disabling pneumoconiosis can progress even after exposure has ceased. Bronchogenic carcinoma (lung cancer) and mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum (cancer of membranous lining of the chest and abdominal cavities) are alBO associated with asbestos exposure. Excesses of cancer of the larynx, stomach, colon, and rectum have also been observed. Some forms of asbestos appear far more hazardous than others. As with asbestosis, there can be a long latent period, generally more than 25 years for mesothelioma. The mechanism of action is not currently known. Asbestos iB different from most chemical carcinogens because it is not metabolized. Thus even limited expo sures to high levels leads to continuing presence of inhaled asbestos particles or - over - I'l.AINl Il i 'S KXIIIltlT j > H)-54a PRODUCED BY FORD Bulletin Bo. 4 -2- fibers vithin the lung. These can translocate to the abdominal cavity and to other tissues. The prognosis for aabeBtoeis and asbestos-induced cancer is generally poor. HiBks of disease due to asbestos exposure have not been defined clearly for all occu pational groups known to have significant exposure. Firm epidemiological data are available only for heavily exposed workers employed in asbestos mining, manufacturing and insulation handling. However, there is evidence that the problem ie more widespread than previously believed and that workers from a variety of trades and occupations, including painters, electricians, carpenters, machinists, boiler makers, pipefitters, mechanics, welders, and others, may be at increased risk. The issue of riBk of disease from asbestos exposure is further complicated in that smokers who have had asbestos exposure clearly have markedly increased risk of developing lung disease related to asbestos. Asbestos exposures vithin Ford Motor Company may occur from: . Insulated pipe covering for parts washers and cleaners, steam and hot water lines. . Insulated coverings for boilers and associated parts in powerhouses. Drying oven and furnace insulation. Asbestos blocks, bricks, sheets, and sleeves. . Clutch and breke linings for various machinery and transportation equipment (power presses, conveyor belts, hi-loB, locomotives, tow tractors, trucks, automobiles). . High tempereture gasket materials for manifolds, pipes. . High temperature blankets, gloves. . AsbeBtoe-containing parting compounds, certain talcs. Filtration media. Employee Exposure Since we do not manufacture asbestos materials, exposures are primarily limited to those who work with aBbestos-containing products. However, these exposures are no less significant. Employee exposure can generally occur during material handling and maintenance of asbestos-containing friction materials. Exposure can occur during grinding, Bawing, sanding, drilling, or otherwise disturbing or finishing asbestoscontaining products. Demolition, removal, and repair of asbestos coverings end coatings offer other sources of worker exposure. Insulation removal or repair and brake and clutch servicing can be especially hazardous. Permissible Occupational Exposure Limits (PEL) -- Breathing; Zone Concentrations Eight-hour time-weighted average exposure: 2 fibers longer than 5 micrometers per cubic centimeter of air (2 f/cc >5 pm). Ceiling concentration: 10 f/cc >5 pm. Ontario TWAE PEL for amosite, crocidolite, and other forms of asbestos are 0.5, 0.2, and 1.0 f/cc >5,pm, respectively. The Ontario ceiling PEL for amosite, crocidolite, and other forms are 2.5, 1.0, and 5*0 f/cc >5 pm, respectively. o Methods of Compliance . Engineering controls, such as isolation, enclosure, local exhaust ventilation, and dust collection are required and should be vised to meet the PEL. Compliance with the PEL may not be achieved by sole use of respirators or shift rotation except under special conditions approved by Industrial Hygiene. . An hand and power operated tools, which may produce or release asbestos fibers xn excesB of the PEL, must be provided Vith local exhaust ventilation. ^Bofar as practicable or unless. the usefulness of the product would be diminished, ) asbestos must be handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut, scored, or otherwise tvorked in a wet state. Vet methods of control are very effective in suppressing rBom aebestos fiber and dust in pipe and furnace insulation repair and demolition. PRODUCED BY FORD INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS BULLETIN DATE BULLETIN TllLf 8/22/83 Industrial Hygiene SUBJEC1 Asbestos Brake and Clutch Servicing (Supplement to Bulletin No. h) RESPONSIBLE DEPT Employee Health Services SUPERSEDES DATED bulletin no 4a Hew The following procedures are recommended to minimize asbestos dust exposures during brake and clutch servicing of trucks, tractors, trailers, automobiles, locomotives, forklifts, and tow tugs. Strict adherence to these procedures will eliminate exposures of mechanics to aabestoB during brake and clutch servicing. 1. An area should be designated for all brake and clutch repairs. The normal maintenance area for tug tractors and forklift trucks could serve as the designated area for these plant vehicles. Entrances into this area shall be posted during brake and clutch servicing with an aabestoB exposure warning sign: ASBESTOS Bust Hazard Avoid Breathing Bust Wear Assigned Protective Equipment Bo Not Bemain in Area Unless Your Work Requires It Breathing Asbestos Bust May Cause Asbestosis and Cancer 2. Only essential personnel should be present in the immediate maintenance area during brake and clutch servicing. 3. Buring brake servicing, an air purifying respirator, either single-use or with replaceable particulate filter(s), ae approved by Industrial Hygiene and Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration (formerly Bureau of Mines) or NIOSH, shall be worn during ell procedures starting with removal of wheel and including reassembly. Buring manual clutch servicing, such a respirator shall be von during removal and cleaning of clutch, pressure plate, and bousing EBBembly, and during installation of new clutch assembly. 4. Bust shall first be cleaned from brake drums, brake becking plates, brake assemblies and clutch assemblies using an industrial type vacuum cleaner equipped with a high efficiency filter system (>99% efficiency for 0.3 /un diameter aerosols). After vacuum cleaning, any remaining dust shall be removed using a rag Booked in water and wrung until nearly dry. Under no circumstances shall compressed air or dry brushing be used for cleaning! (See Industrial Hygiene Bulletin No. 4 for approved vacuum cleaners.) 5. Buring arcing and riveting operations, an approved respirator, as described in (3) above, shall be worn. Grinding (arcing) machines shall be provided with local exhaust ventilation such that exposures are maintained below the OSHA asbestos standard (29 CFR 1910.1001). At a minimum, dust bag of the srcing machine shall be removed and replaced with hose of high efficiency industrial vacuum described in (4) above. 6. Buring removal of vacuum bags, an approved respirator, as described in (3) above, shall be worn. Industrial vacuum cleaner bags containing asbestos dust, cloths used for wiping brake and clutch assemblies, and other asbestos-contaminated debris shall be sealed in plastic bags and labeled with following warning label printed in letters of sufficient size and contrast to be readily visible and legible: CAUTION Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid Breathing Bust Breathing Asbestos Bust May Cause Asbestosis end Cancer - over - BO07 1349 PRODUCED BY FORD -Bulletin Bo. he. -2- \ 8/22/83 6. (continued) AH asbestos vast trust be disposed in accordance with OSRA asbestos regulations and the appropriate sections of Subpart B- National Emission Standard for Asbestos, Title 40- Protection of the Environment, Chapter 1, Environmental Protection Agency. Asbestos-containing waste must not be incinerated or discharged into community water supplies. Specific information regarding waste disposal Bhould be obtained from the Stationary Source Environmental Control Office (SSECO). 7* All floor cleaning in areas where brakes and clutches are repaired should be done with the high efficiency industrial vacuum cleaner as described in (4) above. Grinding (ercing)oachines shall also be cleaned with this vacuum cleaner and any remaining dust wiped with a damp cloth. An approved respirator, as described in (3) above, shall be used during this cleaning. 8. Although adherence to above procedures should minimise contamination of work clothing, it is recommended that the appropriate portions of OSRA regulations on asbestos concerning special clothing, change rooms, etc. bo followed. duPont "Tyvek" disposable coveralls are acceptable for these asbestos-product maintenance operations. 9* Industrial hygiene work practices in this bulletin and the OSHA asbestos exposure standard should be provided to all employees with potential exposure to asbestos at brake and clutch servicing and reviewed with their designated representatives. 5007 1S5C PRODUCED BY FORD INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS BULLETIN DAT BULLl'TM TITLE 8/22/83 Industrial Hygiene SUBJECT Asbestos Insulation Removal and Repair (Supplement to Bulletin No. U) RESPONSIBLE K" BULLETIN NO Employee Health Services ; lb SUPERSEDES ~ "" New 1''DATES 't Most boiler, furnace, steam, and condensate piping insulation installed prior to 1975 contains asbestos. The removal or maintenance of dry asbestos insulation can be very hazardous to health. Old asbestos-containing insulation tends to be dry, very friable, and can easily generate high concentrations of airborne fibers and dust if carelessly handled. Stringent industrial hygiene precautions must, therefore, be taken to protect employee health by preventing inhalation of &Bbeatos dust and fibers. The following procedures and steps are recommended to minimise dust exposures during asbestos-containing insulation demolition, removal, and repair. They supplement work practices, engineering controls, and personal protective equipment usage specified in Industrial Hygiene Bulletin No. 4 and in OSHA and Ontario OHSA asbestos standards and regulations. These procedures apply primarily to protection cf pipe coverers and insulation maintenance and installation employees. Compliance with these procedures should assure that others in vicinity of insulation maintenance activities are not excessively exposed to airborne asbestos fibers. These industrial hygiene work practices focus on Bafe techniques for removing esbestoB insulation free older equipment and build ings. They do not address asbestos encapsulation, top-coating, or enclosure methods. 1. Steam and hot water pipres, furnaces, boilers, ovens, and other equipment must not be re insulated with asbestos-containing products including insulation cements, tape, and grout. Suppliers of acceptable substitute insulation for asbestos can be provided by Plant Engineering Office, Manufacturing Staff (Mechanical Design and Equipment Standards, page M4-1, January 1976). 2. UnlesB there is specific evidence to the contrary, all insulation should be treated and handled as if it is asbestos-containing until proven otherwise. Samples of insulation materials suspected of containing asbestos may be submitted to the Indus trie! Hygiene Laboratory who will return an analytical report of amounts and types of asbestos in the samples. Contact Industrial Hygiene et 33~76$55 for sampling procedure and shipment method. A profile and map of asbestos-containing insulation in the plant can be established by a judicious sampling and boiler and steam pipe tagging procedure. 3. Removal of asbestos-containing insulation associated with renovetion or demolition should be done by an outside contractor with proven experience in successfully handling thiB hazardous work in compliance with OSHA standards. The cost and/or inconvenience associated with utilization of a specialized contractor is justified by elimination of potential inhalation health risks. Any outside contracting should be consistent with the outside contracting clearance procedure provided for in the current Coiupany-UAV agreement. M. Insulation-handling areas must be posted and restricted to prevent unauthorized entry as specified in OSHA regulations. 9- The number of employees authorized to handle asbestos-containing insulation should be kept to a minimum. A designated crew, educated and trained in proper insulationhandling work practices, who understands OSHA asbestos regulations, and has reviewed thiB bulletin, iB recoamended. As far as feasible, work ehmild be performed at a time when any inadvertent fugitive asbestos fiber emissions would expose fewest people in adjacent areas. 6. Insulation should not be removed, handled, or scored, sawed, or drilled until it haB been thoroughly soaked with water. Wherever possible, steam flow should be inter rupted to pirevent wet insulation next to pipe from drying out during insulation - over - k Z.Cl/3ll ' PRODUCED BY FORD iBulletan So. 4b ~2- 8/22/83 removal. A vetting agent such as a dishwasher rinsing aid can be added to the water to promote rapid, complete wetting of the insulation. During handling and saving, a email atomiser bottle (e.g. "Vindex") can be used to spray insulation to keep it wet until sealed in labeled, plastic trash bags. 7. Employees handling wet insulation must wear respiratory protection equivalent to that provided by a 3M 9920 air-purifying respirator. AH employees must be included in a respiratory protection control program in compliance with OSHA standards. 8. Disposable polyethylene sheeting should be pieced on floor below removal site to catch insulation debris provided the drop is not too far (e.g. greater than 10 feet). Other wise, polyethylene sheeting hammocks should be suspended below steam pipe lines to catch wet insulation as it falls. Vet residue should not be allowed to dry before it i8 placed in trash bags. Vehicle and pedestrian traffic should not be allowed to disturb unbagged insulation debris. 9. An alternate dust containment procedure is available for situations where wet methods of dust suppression cannot be used during removal of asbestos pipe covering. A poly ethylene bag attaches to a pipe and seals the insulation for isolated removal by the attached nTyvBkn and latex gloves. The bag is moved along the pipe in sections until the insulation is removed. About 50 feet of pipe insulation can be handled with one bag. The bag and attached remote-handling gloves containing the asbestos insulation debris may be disposed after precautionary labeling. Bags are available from: Asbestos Control Technology, Inc. 38 Horth Pine Street Maple Shade, New Jersey 08052 Employees removing insulation by this method must wear respiratory protection as specified in Item 7- - 10. Employees must wear disposable protective clothing if, during insulation removal and maintenance, regular work clothing could be contaminated with asbestos dust and fibers. duPont nTyvekn coveralls, jackets, and hoods are recommended. Gloves and disposable overshoeb are required. 11. When insulation cannot be worked thoroughly wetted with water or within enclosed containment bags (as specified in Item 9), more rigorous respiratory protection is required. Depending on respiratory protection factor required, either full-fEcepiece powered air purifying respirators or Type C full-facepiece supplied-air respirators, continuous flow or pressure demand class, must be used. Such situations would be rare and should normally be handled by approved outside contractor. Industrial Hygiene should be consulted when wet methods, containment bags, or outside contractors cannot be used. 12. The use of power-operated tools on asbestos-containing insulation is discouraged unless the asbestos is thoroughly wetted or mechanical local exhaust ventilation captures ell airborne dust and discharges outside the plant with no possibility of reentry. 13* The use of compressed air to remove asbestos insulation from pipes is prohibited. Dry wire brushing of asbestos-contaminated pipes is not permitted unless local exhaust ventilation is used. side are available: 'Employee Health Servicea slide-tape -cassette mentioned in Industrial Hygiene bulletin No. 4. films "ABbeatos Control; Encapsulation, Enclosure, and Removal", a ^-minute presentation using on-site scenes to stress good work practices sntrol and removal of asbestos ($28). VvvfSuVoJitTtt 6007 1652 PRODUCED BY FORD ASMAi or toy tto towto Institute ot Occupetiocto -Safatvandfleelth MOSMi Shalto worn durVtgWpSO- r.JIlSo.*4 W O or ALL VEHlCUIS - ALL MODEL YEARS During menu* touch asreong such a respirator atotto worn (havtg removal and deanreg of.the. clutch. l tretreng baeenibly.aitd durirre ttosv aw touch t ALLVBUCUS - AU.MOO& YEARS UOMTTHUDKt .... ALL VEHiCLl:S - ALL MOOEL YEARS MCDtUMAttAVY TRUCKS ALL VEHICLES -- ALL MOOEL YEARS and dutch fscang must be cleaned Seanar recommended Tor uae with A vacuum for this purpose from the freumos Equipment CaWog. Sinvtr vacuums are awo manufactured by Nftfwh and Hexo rTAmutsman' t. tt aoortrensl daarang nacasaary. a rag or a brake and ckftch washer must The purpose Of this i hseftn hezardj --<kindinB or aandng on braks fcningt, pedt. rotors. drums, or ckitch faemgs snaii be done only wtvie usrng T ~ - Breathing asbestos dust is'hazardous to vocf heatth. - property exhaust ventilated. aqmpmeoL A ** Duct and 6*t present on sutomotoat end truck braxe . must be worn wtAs performing thssr operations. ~ and cxitch mstoim may oonao asbostos freer* that ( art hazardout, to your north whanmade airborne with' compressed a* c* dry brushing. Ouring remove! of vacuum baps, tsn approved rsspitsior. as dssenbad above, she* to worn, industrial vacuum The foltowtng precedires ore recommended to minimize asbestos duct exposures curing brexe and dutch aervicmg of automobiles. trucks. trectore and treitere. These ptocaouras are concctant Adthaabastoc raguiabons set. font, by the Occupatrensi Safety and Health Admavstrs- cleaner togs corearing asbestos dust, cioths used Icr wiptng brexa ana ckrtch aaaarnbtos. and otnar tcoeroscontaminstad deems shat; be seated n plastic bags s'<c --Mated with the fotowmg warning label printed in lent'* ... of autficwm so* and oonoast to be readily visibte *no bon iOSHAt. Adharanca to frets .prooadiaae emit -- eummste exposures so aabaetoe during brake end dutch . . eerveng. ^ J r/ / An area ahomo to dec priaud lor at brake are) dutch aervioas. Entrances to tree area must as posted with the caution Contone Aatottos fibers Avoid Ikaatf Dust Dust May Cause and Cancer tokosang sign: muat to (topoaad in accordance lv`- < i`y (n viVll rntnmf .AvsM Do Wot Herrssi to Area Unless Yota Work with OSHA and Enmronmantal Protection Agency (EPAl regukstxms Aibastos waste mutt not be mI or diBposid in community water supplies A* floor dsarvup of asrmcsng area front gnrekng or aandng must to vacuum Chaner white waennQ &sj4 2 t <kdy i Infra kn-_ vicing. we during dutch os During brake -aervieing, a some dust air purifying respestor. either single-use or approved by tie Mew Safety and UiWth i procedures. the ford Motor Corea any Industnsl Hygwne Dapsrtmsnt may to contacted at 1315) 337-M65 OTHW AmJCASLl ANTKXM: Norn WARRANTY STATUE: "MFOfMATlON ONLY 8007 1653 PQ ftyi 7 PRODUCED BY FORD