Document a171wv54aeMG37eX2m6n4ggg9

Jti' c'#- **--*".* "Asbestos Exposure During Naval.Vessel"Overhaul", William T. Marr' - (Medical Department, Long Beach Naval Shipyard), AIHA Journal; May-June 1964, page 264... .. .. .. ... A study among insulation-workers in a shipyard.has -revealed several men on disability compensation and one death due to - asbestosis. Exposures occiir.-during the fabrication and-in stallation of asbestos .insulation and during removal of in- 6ulation for repair or overhaul of ships. X-ray examinations are not adequate for control.as cases usually take .a minimum of .seven years to-develop: * ' "Asbestosis and Lung Cancer", W. J. Williams, M.D., Path., Cardiff, Wales, AMA Archives of Environmental Health. January 1965, page 44. ^ This report records 52 American cases of asbestosis among whom - there were ten patients with malignant tumors, an incidence similar to that reported in Britain. "Studies of Hydrocarbons on Mineral Dusts", -Harington and Smith, AMA Archives of Environmental Health. March 1964, page.453. Chrysotile asbestos adsorbed 100 percent 3:4-benzpyrene from' solutions after 48 hours at 37C compared with 40 percent and : 47 percent for crocidolite and coal, respectively,'and 10 per- cent for amosite. . No correlation was found between the degree- of adsorption of 3:4-benzpyrene and the extent to which it was eluted by 6erum. .- - - "' Serum eluted the naturally occurring oils more effectively from coal dust than it did .from crocidolite fiber and was .. slightly more effective than cyclohexane in'eluting 3;4- . benzpyrene from coal and crocidolite. /' '* 3:4-benzpyrene was eluted more easily from "natural" coal and crocidolite than it was after it had been freshly adsorbed on dusts previously "freed of their naturally associated hydro- carbons. .. . ;r^-. ;. These findings are .discussed in relation to the pathogenesis -of coal workers pneumoconiosis and asbestos malignancy. "Non-Occupational Diffuse Pulmonary Fibrosis:' ' A Report of a Case in an Asbestos Worker, Cartier,' M.D., Thetford Mines, Quebec and -. Gross, M.D., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, AMA Archives of- Environmental . - Health ., January 1962, page 73. ^ A case-of non-occupational, diffuse, chronic interstitial :.v V*;. ?* ' . .-Cv* ..* v^rVUc'^ r>rv??a** '* ***J*'^: **; '*'* ` < '"' -** i*,-s-" * .. '. \*:: pulmonary fibrosis is" reported , in -a worker -exposed to Asbestos ". dust for 38-years. -Whereas .the'chronic 'interstitial .-pneumonitis appeared .to have it6 inception-about 32 years prior to death and ; . resulted in depletion-of the pulmonary-reserve,-it was super-1' c - imposed patchy bronchopneumonia which; causing severe dyspnea and cyanosis, - was the -immediate cause of -death..,' This 'case illustrates the hazard of making clinical diagnosis of pneumonoconiosis-oh purely -presumptive evidence.-.A clinical diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, .to .be Sound, must-be based on:-1'-.1,;.- (a) knowledge-of significant'exposure to dust of respirable - particle size and (b) knowledge of the -clinical as well aB the radiological evolution of the -pulmonary disease. ' "Asbestosis in a Worker Engaged in Automobile Undercoating", Brugsch & Bavely, New England Journal of Medicine. .August-24. 1961, 265: .379-381 A case of asbestosis in an-occupation hitherto -not connected to asbestos is presented. This concerns an individual engaged-in automobile undercoating. The diagnosis was confirmed by biopsies' of the lung obtained at thoracotomy which revealed a foreign-body . .-reaction, asbestos fibers, and a marked connective tissue reaction. " The worker had applied an asbestos-base undercoating on new cars *. over a period of 6 years by means of a hand-type spray gun. No mechanical ventilation or respiratory protective devices were.in use during this operation. "Asbestosis and Carcinoma of the Lung: A .Case Report and Review of the Literature",-Anderson, M.Et. and Campagna,M.D., AMA. Archives of Environmental Health, July 1961, .page 27; , -- A case of asbestosis associated with carcinoma of the lung' is presented. . The .literature is reviewed, and this is the twenty- fourth reported case, with complete autopsy findings. - In .general it conforms to- the previously described cases where a relation- ship between the two diseases is intimated. - J. " It-is suggested that further cases of asbestosis, with and with out neoplasia, be .reported with careful attention to other factors, such as smoking. Only when these-..facts'are available will final. assessment of the relationship between asbestosis and lung car cinoma be possible. (There follows twenty references dated from 1943 to 1954.) - -* ` "Asbestosis in Experimental Animals", Wagner, British Journal of Industrial Medicine. January 1963, page 1..- - - Previous animal experiments with asbestos dusts have been almost- . entirely confined to chrysotile asbestos. ..It was, therefore, . decided to investigate the effects of mill dusts from the three types of asbestos that are produced commercially in -South. Africa; ;. namely, chrysotile, amosite ,and crocidolite. Chrysotile,and amosite samples were relatively pure, while .in contrast the . ' - , Vh: ' '.uj&j--* - i,,1 >?! t*'> ` > .xv * iv * w .'**'!. * r.: - ;-- .**.*_*'*'. * -n'** ^ -J*: crocidoi'ite dust, was ..found to consist mainly of ironstone add T^':- silica and contained less than 10 percent of":asbestos fiber; ;:- `Guinea pigs,^ Vervet monkeys and rabbits were exposed to these .V' dusts. The-results were assessed bn.-histological criteria. -. - It was found that in all. three species of animals, the amosite /., dust produced more marked lesions than'the chrysotile,and that; these lesions occurred at an earlier period.: - - .It-was -not possible ;:fo compare these lesions with those caused by the crocidolite dust, .owing to its impure nature. It was noted, however,' that this dust, caused severe lesions .in guinea pigs and monkeys and that the animals in this group'succumbed .more readily to-respiratory'infections. ' "Peritoneal Tumors in Asbestosis", Entlcknap and Smither, British Journal of Industrial Medicine. January 1964, page 20. - Eleven cases of diffuse abdominal tumors in association with . exposure to asbestos were discovered in the years 1958 to 1963. = There were eight men and three women, all of whom had worked ' ' in -the same factory. In seven of the men the age at death ranged from 38 to 78 years; one man is still alive at the age of 46. The women died at 44, 61 and 67. The survival time after.the.first exposure varied from 20 to 46 years.- The shortest period of exposure was 10 months and the longest, 32 ' - \ years. All three of the main commercial types of asbestos had been involved in their working operations. Histological con-- * firmation of the nature of the tumor has been obtained at;. :- necropsy in .nine of. the ten deceased and at biopsy-in six,-in- - eluding the ..survivor. A remarkable feature of these cases is - - the minimal fibrosis found in the lungs. In three men and one,:', woman, asbestosis was not diagnosed during life and no patient ' - .was completely disabled by pulmonary fibrosis. "A Follow-up Study of Workers from,an Asbestos Factory", Elwood and Cochrane, British Journal of Industrial Medicine. October 1964^. page 304. . . .Associations between exposure to .-asbestos and carcinoma of-the lung, diffuse mesothelioma of the pleura,-and diffuse abdominal tumors have been demonstrated. Only by an epidemiological "ap- ' proach can the total risks of an exposure.to asbestos be esti mated and such-a study is.reported here. This suggests that ' - white asbestos (chrysotile) may not be a serious hazard -as far- as mesothelioma or abdominal tumors are concerned, though there ' .. vis.some evidence of an excess in the number of deaths from car cinoma of the lung and bronchus. - "Mesothelioma of Pleura and Peritoneum Following Exposure to Asbestos in the London Area", Newhouse and Thompson, British Journal of . * Industrial Medicine; - October 1965, page-261;-- A series of 83 patients from .the London Hospital with a diagnosis n. . #4 '.-- of mesothelioma confirmedby-necropsy or biopsy has heen studied - ' for possible-exposure to asbestos ....The series consisted of. 41. ^ ... . men and 42 women; 27 ofthe patients .had...peritoneal, and'56,pleural . ' 'tumors. The earliest death recorded was inl917, but only ID of ! - the series died before 1950 and'40 tbetween I960, and 1964. fin 76 of :the series full occupational nd.residential'histories. were.: f" -- ;. obtained. Forty-gave a history of occupational: or domesticjfvj.- f ;.- 1: -.'(living in the same house as .an.asbe.sto.8 worker) exposur.e. toJ.;:'c. \ -.'asbestos compared with ;9-out-of 76-patients-from the--same hospital * - suffering from other diseases.'- None of the'17.=s'uspected cases'Jof ; mesothelioma, rejected on pathological grounds, was found to have ' had any exposure to asbestos. There was also evidence that neigh-.r-.: - s borhood exposures may be important. 'Among those'with no occupa-: .- tional or domestic exposures, 30.6 percent .of the mesothelioma 'u :' patients and 7.6 percent of -the inpatients with, other diseases' lived within half a mile of an asbestos factory. ;. Out of 31 patients with occupational exposures only 10-were in*' -jobs scheduled under the Asbestos-Regulations of -1931. The interval between first exposure and the development of the terminal illness of mesothelioma ranged -between 16. and.55 years. In 47 patients in the mesothelioma series lung tissue or sputum was available for examination. In 30, either asbestosis or 1 asbestos bodies were present. . ."Asbestos Exposure and Neoplasia",- Selikoff, M.D., Churg, M.D., and ' ' .. Hammond, D.Sc., Journal of the American Medical Association, April 6, -.. 1964, page 142. , ` \. . ; ` - - . 'Building trades insulation workers have relatively light,, inter- mittent exposure to asbestos. Of 632 .insulation workers, who " entered the trade before 1943 and were traced through 1962, . ' ' ;^45 diedof cancer of the lung or pleura, whereas'only =6.6 such - ", deaths were expected.' Three of the pleural tumors were meso- ' theliomas; there was also one peritoneal mesothelioma,-.- Tour . . % mesotheliomas in a.total of 255' deaths is an exceedingly high ' incidence for such a rare tumor.' .In addition, an .unexpectedly large number of men died of-cancer of the stomach, colon or-- rectum (29 compared with 9.4 expected). Other cancers were ? not increased: 20.5 were expected, 21 occurred.' 'Twelve men " ' ;* ' ' '/ ' ' - died of asbestosis. ? "Asbestos Bodies ~in Human Lungs at Autopsy", Cauna, M.D.,- Totten, MiD., and Gross, M.D., Journal of the -American Medical Association. May 3, "- 1965, page 111. . ._ . / -- The incidence of asbestos bodies in the lungs was investigated ` in 100 autopsies of .adults.' Lung smears were taken from the . sectional surfaces of the upper and lower'lobes of both lungsi , '. The slides were dried and mounted without staining, and approxi-* \ mately 400 low-power fields were examined in each slide: Routine histological sections of unexpanded lungs were also-examined in < ' . ; i .*, Z-rr ts '? -; '."' _' ...Jr.* - *V? 1 .'.... * *-- me .' . .* V -* ,' .. ^ v. * .' *-vAv*. - * ^ - '* >,: .-C'-; --TiV ` *- V -' '.*- .<**. . .> -I ..in- * I-1;...* 'r' A-'- .; _ V' e AV'^T'-r''S' "' >-" - ` [f v:'^r-` fi -* -r-A* ^ / ^ .T^- . . .`7^ * ' : i '. J 'V *V- -: ./ f.' , s ' r _ Jr""-- "* > ? 't***'*" --"tS ^ ^.Vr all cases.- .'Asbestos' bodies were ..found in-41: percent of the sub-.:';'. \ '. . jects. They were.not encountered .in persons up to 24 years of .. age. ''. 7:.'. '. .. 'v; .'' . - ' .: , Among the males,- the incidence was '-47 percent'and in females, 34 percent. .Although significant -microscopic pulmonary fibrosis was - encountered in. two .positive-cases,- no instance'of -classical as- bestosis was found. .Mesothelioma.of the-.pleura was not .encountered. : Primary lung carcinoma occurred in -one patient with asbestos bodies . .and in one without> 7-.- ' 7' - '-* - '- " ` * WMcN: lp