Document a1514NbezmRZ8OKqDegjdVzrb

FILE NAME: Oil Industry American and Petroleum Institute (API) DATE: 1946 Apr 5 DOC#: API003 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Meeting Minutes & Attendee List - API Medical Advisory Committee F or Information C-nly - Not for Publication AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE MEDICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE Minutes cf Meeting April 5, 1946 Stevens Hotel Chicago, Illinois PRESENT F. F- Boys A. E Hoag Mclver Woody - Chairman T. M. Frank - Secretary J. P. Holt R. A. Jewett E. K. Linder M. N. Newquist B. B. Reeve E. V/. Adams 1 . C* Beard, Jr R. S. Bonsib QUESTS A. G. Cranch, M.D. B. C. Voshell ADVISOR D. V. Stroop - API affiFPS RSFJJT W . 0. Armstrong V. C. Beard D> M. English ASSOCIATES ABSENT R. H. Colley R. S. Driver W. Isom W. W. Brooks R. C. Cole N. J. Gothard Win. Grant, Jr. Toted in Attendance - 22 W* R. Levis W, A. Morrison J. F. Peattie H, R, Kennerer At J Koewing, Jr. D. W. L a m e r H. P. Lankelma H, R. Warrick hi P. M. Watkins Of S. Somerville H. S. Thomson C, R. McCay G. H. Taber, Jr. H. D. Wilde T I The minutes of the previous meeting, November 16, 1945, were approved M circularized. II , . A new member, Dr. E. K. Linder (present), and a new associate, Dr. H. D. (absent), were recognized. API 06801 Ill The report of the Subcommittee on Chlorinated Compounds was presented s (/i copy of the report Is attached as Appendix A). It is the view of by Dr. 3 0 tee that no serious problem exists. This view was supported by the subco nch the Union Carbide and Carbon Company of New York City, who Dr* 9; tQ ^scuss published reports of thje dangers of these compounds. was invi^ cranch's statements is attached as Appendix B.) (A digest ox y . IV by 3r The report of the Subcommittee on Policies and Practices was presented Jewett. Acting on this report it was voted: 1 . To request all members of the Medical Advisory Coranittee to submit physical examination blanks used by their companies to the Subcommittee. 2. To refer the whole question of H.F. intoxication, and the policies to be adopted in this connection, to a Subcommittee. 3. To refer the question of tours on duty back t'i this Subcommittee. 4. To record our approval of voluntary prepaid non-industrial group insurance for employees, including surgical and hospital care plans. (Dr. Reeve not voting.) 5. To ask this Subcoranittee to circularize again the questionnaire on policies and practices. i (a copy of Dr. Jewett's report is attached as.Appendix C.) V The report of the Subcommittee on Permissible Concentrations was received. It was voted: 1. To recommend to the Board of Directors of the API that this project be assigned to Harvard University and the funds be administered by Drs. Drinker and Drinker, in conjunction with the Subcoranittee. 2. That Dr. Drinker be asked to initiate work on those compounds found in common on that list prepared by the Subcommittee and the list submitted by Dr, Beard. 3* To enlarge the Subcoranittee by adding some of the associates. 4. To refer the list of compounds back to the Subcommittee for further study and after revision, to Dr. Drinker. (A copy of Dr. Baird's report is attached as Appendix D.) API 06802 -3- VI liie report of the subcommittee on Carcinogenicity was presented by quist. It "ted, Jo instruct the Subcommittee to arrange for storage of samples (of about 1 barrel each) preferably under nitrogen. 2, To request the companies which supply these samples to pay the shipping charges. 3, To request these companies to furnish free of charge any laboratory data obtained by them in routine examination of these samples, and where special tests nay be required, that these be done by laboratories specially equipped for such tests and that this work be paid for out of funds derived from the API. (A copy of Dr. Newquist's report is attached as Appendix E.) * vn The chairman made a verbal report on the meeting of the Committee Z37 of the A.S.A* VIII It was agreed that the next meeting of the ConmLttee should be held next fall in connection with the meeting of the API, at which time there should be a report on the budget, plans, and needs of the Medical Advisory Committee. Approved Mclver Woedy Chairman T. M. Frank 'Secretary SS-46 API 06803 For Information Only - Not for Publication APPENDIX A REPORT TO THE API MEDICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE BY THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS There w h s general agreement on the report we submitted in November -n, c. however, at the request of the chairman the report was viewed as pre liminary and work was to continue. One reason for continued study was doubt cast on the reported dermatological effects of chlorinated aromatics as used in cutting oils. At a meeting with Dr. A. G. Cranch in Chicago last winter, further doubt was cast on Dr. Louis Schwartz report "Chloracne from Cutting Oils." Dr. Cranch has consented to appear before us with a study that may stimulate further work from our group. We considered the possibility of doing experimental work with cutting oils on human volunteerf. It was thought that the dermatological picture migit be cleared up somewhat by painting the forearms of volunteers over a sufficient length of time to produce a dermatitis with (1) A solution of chlorinated aromatics in cutting oil base, (2) A solution of chlorinated paraffin in a cutting oil base and (3) with a cutting oil base without additive. We have found that legal objections arise which might be obviated by having the work done by an independent laboratory. In the opinion of experts consulted, there would appear to be no danger in doing this work; however from the lack of response to our report issued last November the necessity of doing this work or a continuation of this committee is questionable. In conclusion, I would like to quote from Dr. Hoag and Dr. Beard's letter of March 29th, 1946 in which they state, "We-do not feel that we can depart at this time from the conclusions of the report as attached to Mr. D. V. Stroop's letter of December 3, 1945 and as distributed to the Directors of the American Petroleum Institute, We feel that the distributing of this report has in a large measure fulfilled our obligations as impartial U,D.'s and technologists to industry by pointing out the hazards involved in the uses of chlorinated aromatic compounds in cutting oils." API 06804 For Infornation Only - Not for Publication APPENDIX B CUTTING OIL DEFduTITIS V7ITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE USE OF CHLORINATED NAPHTHALENES aND DIPHENYLS This problem is one concerning cutting oils as a group. These are m aterials and the composition is constantly being changed to meet special comply* ^ The concern iS therefore as to the effect of the formulation ^eefratner than any one ingredient by itself. jn cutting oils as in many other products toxic ingredients are used . proportions not creating any very special hazard in the use of tne compound. bUt Edition of many useful ingredients might be needlessly condemned if such ^ H tion were predicated on the toxicity of an additive in its concentrated form 8 ther than on the hazard presented as a compound as a whole containing small founts of possibly toxic ingredients. In discussing the use of various additives "the literature" has been ited. The value of "the literature" as an authority must be carefully judged. Not a l l pertinent observations are always available in published reports nor are all published articles essentially reliable because they appear in print. S p e c ific a lly literature references to the hazards present irf*the use of chlorinated naphthalene in cutting oils stem from one source article which on analysis can be shown to have arrived at certain conclusions on the basis of what 3ean to be quite erroneous premises. Chlorinated additives in cutting oils have been used incidentally since the first world war and for specific reasons for almost twenty years. Chlorinated naphthalene has been used for about ten years and that with no note of increased occurrence of dermatitis among those using such oil. One of the notable characteristics in the use of chlorinated naphthalene is that there is very little loss of chlorine during the use of such oil. In spite of this a loss of considerable amounts cf chlorine through use of the oil has apparently been taken by some to indicate the presence of chlorinated naphthalene. Some published analyses showing loss of chlorine are assumed to< refer to oils contain ing chlorinated naphthalene when in fact none was present. Another point to note is that in gear grinding operations where the operator is exposed to a mist of oil contacting face, neck, etc., dermatitis has been noted on these surfaces whether or not chlorinated naphthalenes were present if proper protective measures were not used. Published references to increase in dermatitis especially of face and neck imply that this increase was due to the presence of chlorinated naphthalene in the cutting oil. The fact seems to be that the increase was due to the nature of the exposure. Experience over a number of years in plants using large amounts of cutting oil containing chlorinated naphthalene indicates that its presence has not increased the occurrence of dermatitis. Still another point to note is that when lanolin is added to cutting oils not readily soluble a slight excess will separate as a waxy, greasy film. This substance has led some to assume that chlorinated naphthalene was present when in fact it was not. Summary: A cutting oil should be judged as to hazard on the effect of the compound as a whole, not the toxicity of any one component in concentrated form. Hazard of dennatitls is determined by the extent of exposure rather 0411 specific composition of the oil. API 06805 When chlorinated additives are used high loss of chlorine during use does not indicate the presence cf chlorinated naphthalene. Information obtained from a large number of plants using large quantities of cutting oil containing chlorinated naphthalene does not indicate that such use has increased the dermatitis hazard. `PI Medical Committee April 5) 1946 /s/ A. G. Cranch A. G. Cranch, M.D. 41 API 06806 For Information Only - Not For Publication APPENDIX C REPORT TO THE API MEDICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE BY THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON POLICIES AND PRACTICES April 1st, 1946 Dr. Mclver Woody, Chairman Medical Advisory Committee - of the American Petroleum Institute Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey 26 Broadway Now York 4, N.Y. * v ** Dear Dr. Woody: Your subcommittee on Policies and Practices has not held a meeting* The members apparently feel the comittee has not outlined a definite problem to challenge the interest of the subcommittee members. Consequently a meeting cannot be justified on account of I time and distances to travel, There being no comment on suggestions forthcoming as a result of the last general meeting, I selected six subjects on which I believe Policies and Practices should be endorsed by the general committee. I sent the list to the aubcoranittee^-members with the request that each member take one of the subjects and report on it reasons: These six subjects were selected for the following 1, A standardized physical examination record which provides a space for all information desired in as concise a form as possible consistent with the size of the record. i i Reasons: As a result of the questionnaire on Policies and Practices presented to the general committee members, six physical examination forms were received. I will name each heading and sub heading giving the number of the six forma using it. You can thus evaluate what six Doctors in the oil industry think valuable for a record, \ I ) API 06807 i Appendi* C -2- hame (6) age (5) SEX (2) dependents (1) LOCATION (6) HEIGHT AND HEIGHT (6) COLOR (1) MARITAL STATUS (5) OCCUPATION (4) APPEARANCE (3) NATIONALITY (1) FAUILY HISTORY (1) PERSONAL HISTORY OCCUPATIONAL HISTORY (1) (HEADING ONLY) (3) (FEW, TO MANY CONDITIONS LISTED) (2) HEALTH HABITS (1) DIET (1) USE OF TOBACCO COFFEE ALCOHOL (2) VACCINATIONS (4) TYPHOID INOC. (2) OTHER INOCCULATIONS (1) THUPERATURE (3) PULSE (3) RESPIRATION (0) * vBLOOD PRESSURE (4) OffORlilTIES: NO DESIGNATIONS (2) DESIGNATIONS: FLAT FEET (1) ` SPINE (4) EXTREMITIES (4) JOINTS (1) SKIN: NECK (1) EIES (3) VISION (6 ) CORRECTED (5) COLOR SENSE (3) SARS (2) HEARING (6) NOSE (3) THROAT (5) TONGUE (2) TEETH (6) GUMS (3) LUNGS (6) EXPANSION (2) BREASTS (1) HEART (6) (2 OF THESE CALL FOR SIZE SOUNDS) ARTERIES AND VEINS ABDOMEN (6) HERNIAS (3) HERNIAE OR TENDENCY TO 2 HERNIAE CONDITION OF RINGS, MUSCLES, ANY IMPULSE (1) TENITAL AND URINARY ORGANS (2) GLANDS (3) REFLEXES (4) URINaRY EXAM. (ALBUMEN AND SUGAR) (3) (MICROSCOPIC) (2) KMSTRUAL HISTORY (3) PELVIC (1) BLOOD TEST FOR LUES (3) RECTAL (1) SSiARY (3) `COST MENTAL CONDITIONS (2) ADVICE GIVEN (2) A B C D RATING (3) NOT ACCEPT (3) API 06808 -3appendix C 2 A procedure of examination which will hold up in Court * of employees claiming physical damage from exposure to Hydrofluoric acid. Reasons: This is a fairly new hazard to those operating Alkylation Plants and there seems to be no accepted policy for an authoritative endorsement of what constitutes proper examination for prevention of Hydrofluoric acid poisoning or the disproving of such a poisoning when so claimed, Dr. Holt took this one and his report is attached. 3. should employees be inocculated against tetanus and pro phylactic inocculations given when open wounds are encountered. Reasons: Some health authorities and pseudo authorities are already advocating that the public and especially children and industrial workers be inocculated against tetanus. Authorities are divided on the use of the tetanus vaccine for prophylaxis., pr. jj^prrison took this one and his report is attached. 4 . How long should a shift or tour be in order to maintain maximum health. Reasons; Tour work is a necessary practice in oil companies and involves many workers. Basic health habits are interfered with by this practice. Much turnover and many unhappy workers as well as sickness result from this practice. There is a wide variation of time of shifting varying from a vew days to a few months in companies and often in departments of the same company. Dr. Frank took this one and his report is attached. 5. A procedure for the employment and rehabilitation of the handicapped Veteran. Reasons: Everyone is doing it or attempting to, or telling how it should be done. No one took this one. 6. Prepaid Medical and Hospital Plans. Reasons: This is the most important procedure re quiring proper policies and practices before the medical profession today. I asked Dr. Peattie to take this one because he operates such a plan located in a district where there are many such plans in operation. The more important ones are: California Physicians' Service Keiser's Permanente Foundation Southern Pacific Railroad French Hospital Association As yet he has not accepted the assignment API 06809 t -4- APpendix C Recommendations: 1. That each committee member review his physical examination record in relation to the outline given for purpose of improvement, send a sample of his revised form to the sub committee for formulation of a standardized form to be worked out by the subcommittee. 2. That your committee make recommendations on numbers 2, 3> 4, 5> 6, for the guidance and practice of your companies. 3. That you outline definite problems for your subconmittee on Policies and Practices to study and report their findings back to you. Very truly yours, I RAJ:mfw /s/ R. A. Jewett R. A. Jewett, M. D. Chairman, Subconmittee on Policies and Practices of the Medical advisory Committee of the American Petroleum Institute API 06810 ; r /.ppendix C PAN ,,LERICAM REFINING CORPORATION Texas City, Texas February 21, 1946 Dr. R. A- Jowett Medical Director General Petroleum Corp. of California Los Angeles 12, California I Dear Dr. Jewett: V Your letter of January 23, 1946, came to hand in due course and since then I have done considerable inquiring about opinions on the subject of tours. So far, these have been inconclusive, and I have yet to uncover any authoritative information. I This letter is to tell you that I am still work ing on the question. I expect to explore 2 more resources and then send you ray findings, if any. Please accept this as a progress report and the final report is to come to you scon. ( TUF/dm Yours truly, /sf T. M. Frank T. L. Frank, M.D. iiedical Director API 06811 j- Appendix C STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA Standard Oil Building San Francisco 20, California March 27, 1946 Dr. R. A. Jewett, Medical Director General Petroleum Corporation of Calif. 108 West Second Street I Los Angeles 12, California Dear Dr. Jewett: The question of "TOURS" of duty, and how long they should extend is a question that has arisen many times, and the importance certainly varies greatly with different people. Some few seem unable to completely adjust I themselves to these changes, and there are a certain number of complaints because of this. It is my opinion that at the outside two or three months should be the maximum, I Very truly yours, HST-.EJ /s/ H. S. Thomson Herbert S. Thomson, M.D. API 06812 ..rpendix C pl-ivi* IJERICa N REFINING CORPORATION Texas City, Texas March 20, 1946 Dr. R. A. Jewett Cenerai Petroleum Ccrp. of Calif. Los Angeles 12, Calif. Dear Dr. Jewett: Having received your request for investigating subject of tours, I wish to present the following. Opinion There is wide variance of opinion. The personnel people say it is possible to arrange a schedule to* fit^iany type of tour you night want. Certain physicians say they think a tcur should be at least a month long. Others have suggested three or six months, few individuals prefer to work all days or all nights without any form of shifting. My opinion is that any change in any plant would arouse opposition on the part of some people but not from all. I believe that in spite of this, with proper psychological handling, such opposition could be overcome and a proper tour instituted if we could agree among ourselves as to what a proper one is. Authority Seems inadequate. The amount of actual work dene on the subject seems to me to be very snail. The best I can find in print is in the Manual of Industrial Hygiene of the National Institute of Health, (Saunders) 17. M. Gafafer, Editor, in the 1943 edition page 318 and references at the end of the chapter. Perhaps this will start the ball rolling. Yours truly, lU/em /s/ T. AI. Trank T. M. Frank, M.D. Medical Director API 06813 ' 7 ..ppendix C STANDARD OIL COMPANY (IE JERSEY) 30 Rockefeller Plaza New Ycrk 20, N. Y. March 29, 1946 Dr. R. Jewett, Medical Director General Petroleum Corp. of California Lcs ...nmoles 12, California Dear Dr. Jewett: In reply to your letter of March'26 co*cerning the question cf "tours", the only data with which I am familiar is tiiat cited by Dr. Frank in the Manual of Indus trial Hygiene cf the National Institute of Health (Saunders) V/. M. Gafafer, Editor, 1943. I have had no personal experi ence with this problem but the recoramendation of Dr. T. parran, Surgeon General, U.S.P.H.3., that an individual rotate his working shift no oftoner than every two or three months seems reasonable to me. As you know, Dr. N. Eleitman, Professor of Physiology, University of Cliicago has done considerable investigative work on the question of shifting one's activity from one period of the day to another. He hgs shown that it takes several weeks for a person's eating, sleeping and leisure habits to become adjusted after making a "shift" in his activities, I know Dr. Kleitnan as I received iay Ph,D. in Physiology from the University of Chicago and I have a great deal of respect for his work. Since our next meeting is in Chicago it might be worthwhile for Dr. Frank to discuss this problem with Dr. Kleitman. Looking forward to seeing you in Chicago I remain Sincerely yours, /s/ J. P. Holt J. P, HOLT, M. D. API 06814 Appendix C UNION OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA Union Oil Building Los Angeles, California March 8, 1946 R. A. Jewett, M. D. Medical Director General Petroleum Corporation 108 West 2nd Street Los Angeles 12, California Dear Doctor Jewett: This refers to your letter of February 21, 1946. In my letter of February 8, 1946 it was iqjr intention to convey to you the method used by the Union Oil Company and which is my reconnendation to the oil industry for the use of tetanus and anti-toxin. Recently we have considered the question of immunizing certain employees who work around the wharves and oil fields. However, it was decided impracticable be cause of the "turnover" of employees. Personally, I have never seen a case of tetanus among the enqsloyees of the Union Oil Company. My recommendation is that tetanus vaccine be used in any case where there is a question-f a puncture wound or any other type of wound that might possibly be subject to a tetanus infection. I do not believe it would be practicable to immunize all employees as they do in the armed service. Very truly yours, WAM:C /s/ W. A. Morrison W. A. MORRISON, M.D. Medical Director "? -V API 06815 Jr Appendix C STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA Standard Oil Building San Francisco 20, California March 18, 1946 Dr. R. A. Jewett, Medical Director General Petroleum Ccrp. of Calif, 108 West Second Street Los Angeles 12, California Dear Dr. Jewettj * V , In response to your note of March 15th, I would like tc say that I am entirely in accord with Dr. !Y. A. Morrison's opinion regarding the general immunization of employees against tetanus. We have ccnsidered it on various occasions and decided not to do it. Furthermore, in all penetrating or dirty wounds the employee is given an immunizing dose cf anti tetanic serum. Very sincerely, H3T:EJ /s/ H. S. Thomson HERBERT S. THOMSON, M,D. API 06816 Appendix C STANDARD OIL COMPANY (NEf JERSEY) 30 Rt ckef eller Tlaza New Ycrk 20, N. Y. March 25, 1946 Dr. R. /> Jewett, Medical Director General Petroleum Ccrp. of California Lcs Angeles 12, California Dear Dr. Je w e tt: * k "*l In reply to ycur letter of March 15 concerning the report of Dr. W. A. Morrison on the use of tetanus pro phylactic injections in the treatment of wounds, the report meets with ny approval* Although I am not well acquainted with this subject, the reccnaendaticns of Dr. Morrison seem quite satisfactory tc me. I am hoping that I ;vill have a report tc make cn the hydrogen fluoride problem when we meet in Chicago next week. Sincerely yours, /a/ J. P, Holt J. P. HOLT, II.D. API 06817 MEDIC,! a DVISORY COMMITTEE OF THE a HERICh N PETROLEUM INSTITUTE 1. Subcommittee on Medical Policies and Practices Dr. R. A. Jevtett, Chairman A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE PROCDURE OF EXAMINATION, './HICH UHL HOLD UP IN COURT, OF EMPLOYEES EXPOSED TO HYDROGEN FLUORIDE There aro hundreds of papers in the literature dealing with the tcxic effects of fluorine compounds causing mottled enamel of the teeth, injury to the bones (fluorosis), injury to the skin and mucous membranes, and injury to other tissues (1,2,3,4). There are fewer papers dealing with the tcxic effects of hydrogen fluoride and I have reviewed a number of these, Hydrogen fluoride has the following characteristics (5,6): Formula Molecular weight Specific gravity HF or H F . v xx v 20.01 0.987 Boiling Point Melting point 19.4C -92.3C It is a colorless liquid the vapor cf which is lighter than air. It is violently corro sive and corrodes glass. The probable safe concentration limit of exposure to its vapors is 3 ppm. Exposure to hydrofluoric acid fumes (7) produces intense irritation cf the eyelids and conjunctiva, coryza, bronchial catarrh with spasmodic cough, painful blisters, ulcers of the cuticle, suppuration-under the finger nails, less cf finger nails and ulceration of the nostrils, gums and oral mucous membranes. Accidental breathing of concentrated vapors has caused death. Dr. Vi. liachle, Kettering Laboratory of Applied Physiology, University of Cincinnati, has done considerable experimental work on the exposure of animals to hydrogen fluoride vapors (8,9,10) He has shown that exposure cf rabbits and guinea pigs to a concentration of 1*0 to 1 . 5 milligrams per liter (1180 to 1770 ppm) of hydrogen fluoride for five minutes kills a significant number of animals. Concentrations above this are denagerous for any period cf exposure, while concentrations ranging down to 0 ,44 milligrams per liter (519 ppm) for exposure periods up to six hours cause no-deaths but produce pathological changes in the tissues. The pathological changes observed were injury to the cornea, nasal mucous membranes, cardiac dilation and injury, pulmonary hemorrhage, congestion, emphysema, edema, bronchial pneumonia, hepatic congestion and parenchymal injury, splenic congestion and edema, renal congestion and edema. Exposure cf rabbits to a concentration of 0.0152 "illigrams per liter (16 ppm) fer about six hours a day until they had been exposed fer 309 hours resulted in the storage of fluorine up tc approximately ten times the normal amount. This excess fluorine was retained for as long as 15 menths. Host cf the excess fluorine was in the bones while the teeth, muscles, lungs and central nervous system shewed some storage of excess fluorine. Exposure of five rabbits, three guinea pigs and two rhesus monkeys to a concentration cf 0.0152 milligrams per liter (18 ppm) for six to seven API 06818 ^ppend-x C -2- rs aiily for 309 expcsure hours resulted in the death cf two cf the guinea *^2S. The ether animals lived, but sene cr all o f the animals showed the S l e w i n g pathological changes: pulmonary hemorrhage, hyperplastic pulmonary pithelium, fatty liver, leucocytic infiltration in the lungs with atelectysis and a lv e o la r thickening, hyperplastic bronchial epithelium, kidney tubular necrosis with inflammation cf the glcmerulae, and a slight reduction in the erythrocyte count. The concentration o f gas used here appeared to cause only slig h t irritation to the animals. The excretion cf fluorides has been studied in nan by iiachle (11). jt was found that on a normal diet the daily intake of fluorides was slightly less than 0.5 milligrams. The daily excretion was the same, most of the fluorine being excreted in the urine. No clinical, roentgenological or other evidence cf ill effects resulted from the ingestion of 1 , 5 milligrams fluorine per day. Six milligrams of excess fluoride, in the form of sodium fluoride or ether fluoride, was added to the diet of one subject fer many weeks and the excretion studied. Much of this excess fluoride was stored in the body, This storage appears to be permanent. With a urinary excretion cf two to three milligrams cf fluorine per day it appears that the subject is storing about two to three milligrams of fluorine per day. Men exposed to-400 to 200 milligrams of fluorine per 10 cubic meters cf air (12 to 24 ppm) excreted fluorine in the urine in amounts ranging from normal up to 33 milligrams per liter. It appears that at the high level cf fluorine excretion approximately 16 milligrams cf fluorine is stored in the body per day. h group of ten men engaged in manufacturing hydrogen fluoride and exposed to hydrogen fluoride vapors have been studied for several years (1 2 ), The medical histories, physical examinations every three months, blood studies as indicated, X-ray studies of the bones, and quantitative determinations cf the fluoride excretion in the urine have been made during part of this time. Analyses cf the air in the room at some points showed zero concentration of fluorides and at other points near the equipment showed fluoride concentrations cf 0.011 to 0.021 milligrams per liter (13 to 25 ppm). These concentrations are of the order of 0.0152 milligrams per liter (18~ppm) which have been shown tc be toxic to experimental animals. The red and white blood counts and X-ray examinations have given negative results. The urine fluorine concentration of these workers has varied from zero to 24 1 1 ^graft's per liter, a large number cf the subjects having a urinary fluoride concentration between two and four milligrams per liter. Analytical determinations made throughout several years cn the above subjects exposed to hydrogen fluoride vapors show that they have absorbed more than three times the normal amount of fluorine. Subjects living in an area in which the drinking water contained 12 milligrams per liter fluorine were found to have similar concentrations of fluorine in the urine. I have discussed the problem of hydrogen fluoride intoxication with Dr. A. J. Carlson, Professor of Physiology, University of Chicago and Dr, Robert A, Kehoe, Director, Kettering Laboratory of Applied Physiology, University of Cincinnati. Dr. Kehoe is of the opinion that so long as the hydrogen fluoride concentration in the air is kept to three ppm or lower that there is little or no danger of toxic effects developing. If the concentration goes above this then he feels that quantitative determination of the fluoride concentration in the urine should be done, If the urinary excretion of fluoride is two milligrams per day or less, then on the basis of the available evidence the individual would very probably not suffer from fluorine intoxication. There is some question in Dr. Kehoe's mind whether fluorosis, with changes in the bone, is a clinical entity caused only by fluorine. He is API 06819 -3 - ^jjrtthcr X-ray examination of the bones is necessary. Dr. Carlson \MeC'l^io hold sindlar opinions to those of Dr. Kehoe with the exception that that X-ray examination of the bones at frequent intervals was desirable, he ' of shw day* jf the hydrogen fluoride concentration in air is 3 PP> calculation total amount of fluorine taken into the lungs during an 8 hour period t around io milligrams of fluorine is taken into the lungs in an 8 hour gj^h of the 10 milligrams of fluorine is absorbed into the body is not ppom physiological considerations of the mechanics of pulmonary venti- Icnown* ^ ^ouid appear very probable that a large part of it is not absorbed, ^though the experiments of Machle (10) indicate that there is veiy good h rption of fluorine from the lungs and he has suggested that under certain ^cumstances there may well be 100 per cent absorption of inhaled fluorine. Since Machle has presented a small amount of evidence that the breathing or air containing 0.0152 milligrams per liter (18 ppm) of fluoride r r 309 hours by monkeys and other experimental animals results in pathological changes in the kidneys, liver and lungs, it would appear to me that we need re experimental data on the effect of lower concentrations of fluorine in the air. In the Past most cnsideration has been given to the effect of fluorine intoxication on the bony structure. The above evidence`that `the soft tissues are damaged suggests the possibility that exposure of man to very low concen trations of hydrogen fluoride over a period of years may cause some injury to the liver, kidneys or lungs. On the basis of the evidence presented here it would seem advisable to me, insofar as court proceedings are concerned, to do the following in cases where workers are exposed to hydrogen fluoride 1. Frequent examination of the air in the working environment, in order to be sure that the fluorine concentration is 3 PP or less. 2. Make periodic determinations of the daily urinary fluoride * excretion, perhaps every three or six months. If the-'fluoride above two milligrams per day the conditions of exposure should the excretion is decreased to two milligrams per day or less. excretion goes he changed until 3. Make periodix X-ray examination of the long bones, spine, pelvis, chest and possibly other bones. These examinations should be made about once a year. 4. Keep in mind that there is some evidence that very low trations of fluoride in the air breathed may result in injury to the liver, kidneys, lungs and possibly other tissues; and consider the possibility of obtaining more experimental data on the soft tissue effects of fluorine if the agnitude of the problem warrants it. concen If hydrofluoric acid comes in contact with the skin or raucous meaw wanes a severe burn results. As far as court proceedings are concerned this cfP fluorine toxicity would be an accident, and I know of nothing that we do relative to this. There are two excellent pamphlets prepared by Dr. A. J. hvri Snd Published by the Universal Oil Products Company on the treatment of yurofluoric acid casualties which might be of interest to some of you (1 3 , 14). J. P. HOLT, M.D. API 06820 -4dix c pp* Fluorine Intoxication, K. Rohoira 1 * 136 Gower St., London, 1937 The K. K. Lewis and Co., Ltd., 2. F6l16uo,r1i9d4e0Intoxication, 5. A. Greenwood, Physiological Review 20:582 - Review of Fluorine and Its Physiological Effects, F. J. McClure, physiological Review 13:277, 1933 pluorine and Dental Health, F. R. Moulton (ed.), Araer. Assn, for the ** Advancement of Science, Smithsonian Institute Bldg,, Washington, D.C., 1942 c Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 29th ed., C. D. Hodgman (ed.), Chemical Rubber Publishing Co., Cleveland, Ohio, 1945 6. A n a ly tica l Chemistry of Industrial Poisons, Hazards^ and Solvents, * second Revised Reprint, M. B. Jacobs, 1944, InterscienoS Publishers, Inc., New York, N.Y. 7 Hydrofluoric Acid Fumes, C. M. Sails, Industrial Hygiene Bulletin ' 1:10, 1924 8. The Effects of the Inhalation of Hydrogen Fluoride. I. The Response Following Exposure to High Concentrations, Vf. Machle, F. Thamann, K. Kitzrailler and J. Cholak, J. Ind. Hyg. 16:129, 1934 9, The Effects of the Inhalation of Hydrogen Fluoride. II. The Response Following Exposure to Low Concentrations. W. Machle and K. Kitzmiller, J. Ind. Hyg. 17:223, 1935 10. The Effects of Inhalation of Hydrogen Fluoride. III. Fluorine Storage Following Exposure to Suhlethal Concentrations. W. Machle and E. V/. Scott, J. Ind. Hyg. 17:230, 1935 11. The Absorption and Secretion of Fluoride. 11. Machle and E. J. Largent, J. Ind. Hyg. and Toxicol. 25:112, 1943 12. Exposure to Fluorine in Industry. W. Machle and E. E. Evans, J. Ind. Hyg, and Toxicol. 22:213, 1940 13. Treatment cf Hydrofluoric ,.cid Casualties: Information for G'ddance of Physicians. A. J. Carlson. Universal Oil Products Company, 1943 14. Treatment of Hydrofluoric acid Casualties: Information for Guidance of Physicians, Safety Engineers, and First Aid Personnel. A. J. Carlson Universal Oil Products Company, Chicago. 1945 API 06821 FOE INFORMATION ONLY-- NOT FOR PUBLICATION APPENDIX D REPORT TO THE API MEDICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE BY TBS SUBCOMMITTEE ON PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS Aoril 5, 1946 Dr. Mclver Woody, Chairman Medical Advisory Committee of the A.F.I. 25 Broadway New York, Nev York Report of Subcommittee for Permissible Concentrations of _______ Toxic Substances in the Petroleum Industry_______ We recommend confirmation of the program adopted at our last meeting, as follows: , v 1. To prepare a list of the toxic substances used and produced in the petroleum industry. 2. To collect and oublish information on those substances in the above list whose toxicology'has already been estAblishedf 3. To select those of the subjects remaining on the above list which are of sufficient and general imoortance and on which satisfactory toxicological information has not been determined, and to develop a research program for their study. We propose to develoo the following information in connection with the second objective listed above: --' 1. Name of substance II. Properties and Characteristics - Physical and Chemical III. Uses in Petroleum Industry IV. Toxicology a. cute effects, including symptoms b. Chronic effects c. Safe limits V. Treatment VI. Examinatione- a. Preplacement Examination * b. Periodic Reexamination 1. Frequency 2 . Extent VII, Safety Precautions a. Working Rules b. Equipment VIII. Bibliography API 06822 ^^pendix D -3- We recommend a three year urogram, with an appropriation of $7,000 oer year to finance this work. We recommend the assignment of these funds to Harvard U n iv e r s ity , to he disbursed under the supervision of Ur, Cecil E. Drinker and Dr. Phillip Drinker, We ask endorsement of a specific program outlined in Dr, Drinker's letter of February 23, 1946. We urge the adoption of this report, as we feel that this study will make a great contribution toward the handling of our probloms in toxicology. Respectfully submitted. (*) V.C. BAIRD_______________ T.C. BAIRD, M.D.,CHAIRMAN W.O, ARMSTRONG, M.D. ^ D.M. ENGLISH, M.D. T.K. FRANK, . M.D. CC-Kr. D.V. Stroop O.S. SOMERVILLE, M.D. API 06823 A?Pendlx 2 February 23, 1946 V.C. Baird 'vip Oil & defining Company Office Box 2180 ___i Toxas U7 dear Dr. Baird: Ky brother and I have given your affairs a great deal of thought . ^iak that in Dr. Marshall Clinton we have the oossibilities of a an tQ charge of the work who will make a thorough success of it. Some time ago I sent you a letter suggesting you budget this work for a three-year period at the rate of $7,000 a year, the funds to be made available as soon as Clinton gains final release iron his present duties which can be at an early date, if we want this work to start immediately. My brother and I have felt we would pay half of Clinton's salary - $2,250 a year - from funds supplied by you, and would attempt to get a thoroughly well-qualified assistant for about $2i'i00 to $3,000. This assistant must have a good knowledge of organic chemistry together with a certain amount of physical chemistry. He, or she, will have ample opportunity to supplement this knowledge by whatever attention he wishes to give to pharmacology and biochemistry. This allotment of funds will leave us a margin which we will be able to use for various purposes in getting special information, and I am certain that after the first year there will be experimental work that must be carried out and which will, of course cost money, Furthermore we may expect that Dr. Clinton will need to do a certain amount of traveling in order to acquaint himself thoroughly with all of your needs, and for this we should have the margin in our funds which will be secured by the disposition I have mentioned. Ve shall make Dr. Clinton an Associate in my brother's department of Industrial Hygiene and he will of course devote some of his time to familiarizing himself with new techniques etc., in my brother's group. This, again, can be nothing but of servico to you. I may reitomte that I think we are very fortunate in being able to get hold of a young man with such well-tried ability as wo have in this case, and I know that his .productions will prove quite satisfactory to you. I trust thii outline will be wnat you want, The university is not accustomed to making any sort of definite contract in such matters as these. If you appropriate the money, it will be deposited with Harvard University and administered in the usual way governing Univer sity expenditures in my brother's group and on his authorization. I ill. of courso, follow closely what is going on because of my great interest in it, but Clinton's identification with industrial medical matters will b.j accomplished much better through, affiliation with ndustrial Hygiene than with ay department of Physiology, API 06824 2?T,cndi* D bop0 yO'l , vour essociatos will always be welcome here, and we all be able to follow our program not only through the reports receive, but through actual visits to us. Very sincerely yours. Cocil K. Drinker, M.S, Professor of Physiology API 06825 Appendix D MARSHALL CLINTON. JR. Born December 22, 1913, Buffalo, N.Y. 1936 A.3. Cornell University 1938 A.M. (Physiology) University of Buffalo 1940 M.D. University of Buffalo 1940- 1941 Internship, Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, N.Y. 1941- 1942 John D. Archbold Fellow in Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, I'd, 1942- 1943 Research Fellow in Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Junior Associat in Medicine, Peter Ben Brigham Hospital June 1943 MC, AUS, It, to Major, with assignment at Climatic Research.Laboratory, to ^resent, Lawrence, Massachusetts as a Test and Research Officer Publications ninton. M. Jr, and Hubbard. Roger S.: Factors Influencing the Destruction of Glucose and Fructose by Oxygen. J. Biol, Shorn., 119;467. 1937, Clinton. M. Jr, and Thorn. G.V.; The Effect of ll-Dsoxy-17-Hydroxycorticosterone on Renal Excretion of Electrolytes. Science, 96: 34&, 1 & 2 . Clinton. M. Jr, Thorn. G.V/., Blsenberg. H. and Stein. E.S.: Effect of Synthetic Desoxycorticosterone Acatate Therapy on Plasma Volume And Electrolyte Balance to formal Dogs. Endocrinology, 31: 578, 1942 Clinton. M. Jr. and Thorn. G.V.: Effect of Desoxycorticosterone AcetAte Adminis tration on Plasma Volume and Electrolyte Balance of Normal Human Subjects. Bull. JohnsHotkins Hospital, 72: 255, 1943. Thorn. G.V. and Clinton. M. Jr.: Metabolic Changes in a Patient with Addison's Disease following the Onset of Diabetes Mellitus. J, Clin. Endocrinology, 3 : 335, 1943. . Thorn. G.W.. Quimbv. J.T. and Clinton. M. Jr.: A Comparison of the Metabolic Effects of Isocaloric Meals of Varying Composition, with Special Reference to the Prevention of Postprandial Hypoglycemic Symptoms. Ann. Int. Med. .18: 913, 1943. . Dorrance. S.S.. Thorn, G.W.. Clinton. M. Jr.. Edmonds. H.W. and Farber. Sidney: Effect of Cobalt on Work Performance under Conditions of Anoxia. Am. J. Physiol., 139, 399, 1943. Clinton. M. Jr., and Thorn. G.V.: Studies on Commercial Airline Pilots. War Medicine, 4:353, 1943. Thorn. G.V.. Kocnf. G.F. and Clinton. M. Jr.: Renal Failure Simulating Adreno cortical Insufficiency. New England J. Mod,, 231: 76, 1944. Hulse. M.C.. Woissnan. N.. Stotz. E.. Clinton. M. Jr. and Ferrebee. J.W.: Subclinic^l Vitamin Deficiency, V. The Assay of Subclinical Thiamin Deficiency. Ann. Int. Med., 21: 440, 1944, Thorn. G.V., Clinton. M. Jr.. Davis. B.M. and Lewis. R.A.: Effect of Adrenal Cortical Hormone Therapy on Altituda Toleranco. Endocrinology, 36: 381, 1945. February, 1946 API 06826 HAP.TAHD LTITSHSITT SCHOOL OF PU3LIC HEALTH U3PAP.TIS7T 0? PHYSIOLOGY 55 SEATTUCK STREET BOSTON 15, MASSACHUSETTS. March 29, 1946 Dr. V.C. Baird Fumble Oil a P-efining Company Fost Office Box 2130 Houston 1, Texas My dear Dr. Baird: I enclose the type of statement your organization should make in transmitting the three checks for $7,000 which will he required for the work we have had under discussion* This money will be allocated to my brother's department for expenditure rather than to mine, since it is much more appropriate for Dr* Clinten tc* be upon his staff. I shall, however, take care to know what is going on and will always be interested and at your disposal* It is not practical at the present time to give any exact statement a? to the way in which the $7,000 budget will be spent* But you, of course, understand that you, or any accredited represen tative of your group, may at all time have immediate access to our accounts. I am sure you fully understand the need for the utmost flexibility in the use of money for an investigative project such as you have outlined. It is my idea that as 600n as this matter is settled and the money is actually in hand, we should at once arrange for an exchange of visits between Dr* Clinton and Dr* Holt, since I think they can be of great benefit to one another* I look forward to our association in this enterprise and I am sure you will enjoy meeting and talking with Dr. Clinton and that your group will find him extremely useful es the next few years pass* Sincerely yours, COPY Cecil K. Drinker, M.D, Professor of Physiology API 06827 d EARVAPU UNIYEPSITY SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH jgpAF.TMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY 55 SHATTUCK STHEST BOSTON 15, MASSACHUSETTS. Dr. V.C, Baird Humble Oil & P.efining Comoany Post Office 3ox 2180 Houston 1, Texas * . v ' Dea- Dr. Baird: I neglected to state in my letter to you this morning that your letter to Mr. Claflin, Treasurer of Harvard University, transmitting the checks for the work to be done here at the School should come to my attention so that we may have a record of the transaction in this office as well as in the Treasurer's Officoj On receipt of your letter I will immediately pass on the necessary material to Mr. Claflin. 6incorely yours, Cecil K. Drinker, M.D. Professor Physiology API 06828 Statement to be used by the Medical Advisory Committee of the A m e r i c a Petroleum Institute through Dr. V. C. Baird in transmitting funds to the Treasurer of Harvard University Mr. William E. Claflin, Jr. Treasurer of Harvard University 24 Milk Street Boston, Massi-chusetts My dear Mr. Claflin: After discussion with Dr. Cecil K. Drinker and Dr. Philip Drinker of the Harvard School of Public Health, the American Petroleum Institute has decided to appropriate the sum of $7,000 a year for throe years beginning -- -- , 1946* * v It is the desire of the Institute that this money be allocated to Professor Philip Drinker and that it be spent througi the Department of Industrial hygiene for the systematic collection of information relative to many products manufactured by the petroleum industry which present hazards to health - in some instances during manufacture and in other instances after sale to customers. It is the understanding of the Institute that Professor Philip Drinker and his associates will gather suitable personnel to carry out the work we have discussed, and that the allotment of tho $7,000 yearly shall be kept upon a flexible basis, as we understand is the case with other Univorsity funds, so that the most efficient use may be made of this grant. . It is further the understanding of the Institute that if in any year the entire $7,000 is not expended, any amount still available is continued in the budget for later use under the general guidance of Professor Philip Drinker.. It is finally the understanding of the Institute that appropriate members may at. any time visit Professor Drinker to discuss results and if they care to do so, have access to tho accounts kept by his department and shewing tho nnnner in which this grant has been and is being spent. Very truly yours, AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE ' FOR I 'CEKATION ONLY-- NC? FO- PUBLICATION APPENDIX E A-oril 5, 1946 SUBCOMMITTEE OK CARCINOGENICITY _________ OF HYDROCARBONS_______ PP.OGP.ESS REPORT r vcIver Woody, Chairman -r*i *c`al Advisory Committee V^erican Petroleum I n s t it u t e pear Doctor Woody: Pursuant to the recommendations of the Medical Advisory Committee of the P,I. at its meeting in Chicago, November 16, 1945, the Kettering Laboratory of A-orliecL Physiology was selected to conduct the study on carcinogenicity of netroleum gaarol3S selected by this Committee. On January 9, 1946, Mr. D.V. Stroop, in behalf of the American Petroleum I-stitute, signed the forms of agreement with the University of Cincinnati pertain ing to the study to be made, and, in a letter dated Febrqpry 6,^1946, to the members of the Medical Advisory Committee, ho reported tho consummation of the working agreeaent with the University. An initial check for $6,000 will be sent to the University to be applied against the costs of tho study. It is impossible at this time to state the time that will bo required to complete the study and the costs thereof. The Kettering Laboratory wili charge to this project the costs of the salaries of persons working on the study according to tho time spent on it, travelling expenses that may be incurred in this connection, the cost of materials, animals, 'tc., plus pro rata charges of overhead such as light, heat, telephone, ponsion and insurance charges,etc. D r. Robert A. Kehoe, in a letter dated January 23, 1946, to me, expressed concern about the volume of work which would, be associated with the eight samples to be submitted to him by our Committee. Ho stated that it would be some time before ho would be able to obtain and maintain a colony of mice which would bo aarole to carry on a program of the anticipated magnitude. Ho also questioned the necessity for ueing copI tar as a control study. In a lotter from Ur. Kehoe, dated March 30, 1946, hs acknowledged without further reservations the scope of the work to be assigned to him, commenting also'that while deliveries on mice might bo a little slow, ho has several sources of supply and presumably will be able to obtain adoquato stock event ually. At a meeting of the Subcommittee held in New York on February 14, 1946, it was decided to select stocks from tho West Coast inasmuch as samples from thAt area Vculd be naohthcnic and from essentially the some crude sourco. (Soe copy of minutos attached.) Six major companies on the West Const were written in this connection and to date we hnvo roceived replies as to availability and test dAta on distillate and residual fuels from tho following: . General Petroleum Corp, Standard Oil Co. of Criif, The Texas Company soon as wo hear from Shell, Union, and Tidewater Associated, it is planned to hold r..be:- noeting of the Subcommittee to select eight suitable samples. i It has been concluded by the Subcommittee to request one barrel of each 8r\m-ole selected to bo stored under proper conditions at a point yet to be agreed upon. API 06830 Suitable amounts* one gallon of each sample, will be shipped to Dr* Kehoe s reauired. It is hoped to have these samples delivered to Dr. Kehoe some time in K?y* Questions which might be appropriate for discussion at this meeting are: 1. S e le ctio n o f a suitable storage point for the petroleum samples? 2, Determ ination as to who should nay shipping charges for the petroleum samples? 5. Should petroleum laboratories be utilized in preference to the Kettering Lab oratory for any indicated analytical work in connection with the samples used in this sta y, and, if so, how should charges for this work be handled? Respectfully submitted, SUBCOMMITTEE ON CAHCINOGENICITY or HnmocA?30NS (s) M.N. Newquist M.N. Newquist Chairman Dr* A.E. Hoag Dr. J.?. Holt Dr. W.?,. Levis Technical Advisors Mr. E.H. Warrick Mr. L.C. Board Mr, R.S, Bonsib Mr, H.E. Komnoror-- Mr. E.H. Zuidema cc - Medical Advisory Committee Members Mr. D.V. Stroop API 06831 'U *-- MINUITS CF THZ API 1321 CAL ADVISORY CCMKITTE2 _______ SU3COMMITTED ON CARCINOGENICITY_______ A meeting of the API Medical Advisory Committee, Subcommittee on Carcinon ieity was held in the offices of The Texas Comnany cr. February 14, 1Q46. Those in tend?nee were as follows: Dr. M.N. Newquist Dr. Mclver Woody Dr. J.P. Holt Dr. A.E. Hoag Kr. L.C. Beard, Jr Mr. Gene Scafe Mr. T.W. Nelson Kr. H.H. Zuidcnn Mr. Bcndel Mr. K.F. Granville Kr. H.H. Warrick The Texas Company Standard Oil Company of Now Jersey Standard Oil Company (Now Jorsoy) Socony-Vacuum Oil Company Socony-Vacuum Oil Company Socony-Vacuum Oil Company Socony-Vacuum Oil Company Shell Oil Company Standard Oil Company (Now Jersey) The Texas Company The Texas Company The purpose of the meeting was to select a refinery source or sources for t tjje general types of samples pronosod for the initial research work on the Carcino genic project. The general samples are listed below: . v 1. Domestic No. 2 Fuel Oils 2. Hoevy Fuel Oils a. Straight run b. Thermal Recycle c. Houdry or TCC Recycle d. Fluid Recycle a. Straight Residual b. Therm?1 Tars c. Houdry or TCC Tars d. Fluid Tars There was some discussion as to whothor or not the above samnlos should be sclocted from special charge stocks not ordinarily processed by the various refineries or if the samples should be confined to those materials currently being processed. It was finally decided that the materials should be selected from current refinery operat ions and from those operations whore the most naphthemic type charge stocks wore being processed. It was generally recognized that it would be-advantageous to have all of the spmoles available from a single crude source if possible, and it was suggested that perhaps refineries on the wost coast would be the most suitable since most of these refineries operate on crudes from the spme general source. It was docided, therefore, that a form letter, copy of which is attached, should be directed to the following oil companies on the wost coast in order to determine whether or not satisfactory samples could be obtainod from this source. It was further decided to contact only those companies having representative on the API Medical Advisory Committee Oil Comr.nies to which Form letters are to be Sant General Petroleum Coro. Union Oil Company Tidewater Associated Oil Co Standard Oil Co. of Calif, Shell Oil Company Tho Texas Company Form Letters to be . tHaniled by L. C. Beard, Jr. M. N. Nowquist M.N. Newquist M.N, Newquist H.H, Zuilona H.R. Warrick "though it was docided to concentrate on securing samu'es from California stocks, ''-rortheloss, tests on various samnles available on the east coast were submitted tabulated. ` ix S - 3- "acre was also some discussion as to the physical tests which should be stained on the various samples trior to their investigation by the Kettering Labo ratory. It was believed that by securing certain physical and chemical tests it aight be possible to ultimately develop information which would be helpful in detergin'-ng which materials had Carcinogenic properties and which had not. It was decidgij, however, to discuss this natter in more detail after the samples had been securPl;, It was further decided that the necessary testing and analysis could best be done by netroleum laboratories, thus relieving the Kettering Laboratory of this additional burden. Mr. Zuidema stated that Dr. Covriry of the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hosoitel was conducting a number of tests for Shell on Thermal and catalytic gas oils from once-through operations. These tests have been in progress for seven months and all indications are that neither oil has Carcinogenic properti3S. gp.V-VBN 2/ 19/46 H.R. WARRICK Secretary \ ! API 06833 A following is a draft.of a form General Petroleum Corp. Addressed to Hr. &ale Adams cC _ Dr. R.A. Jewett I!r. Beard will handle Union Oil Company Addressed to Mr. Don Carr "cC - Dr. W.A. Morrison nr. Newquist will handle Tidewater Associated Oil Company Addressed to Mr. H,Y. Hyde cc - Dr, J.F. Peattie Dr. llequist will handle to be sent to the companies shown below: Standard Oil Co, of Calif, Addressed to Mr. F.H. Smith ce - Dr, H.S. Thomson Dr. Newquist will handle Shell Oil Co. of Addressed to cc Mr. Zuidema will San Francisco handle The Texas Comoany - Addressed to Mr. B.O' Connor cc - Dr. Newquist Mr. Garrick will handle Dear Sir: i As you probably know, the American Petroleum Institute formed a Medical Advisory Committee last year. Your representative on this Committee is - - - - Dr, ______________________ . One of the activities of tho A.P.I. Medical Advisory Committee is to study the carcinogenic properties of hydrocarbons and for this purpose a sub-committee has been set up. The problem immediately confronting said sub-committoe on carcinogenicity is to determine whether or not petroloum products ero dangerous in this rosnect. Particularly pertinont is how the products produced by the newer methods of refining and techniques compare with those which have been produced in the past and which past products have caused little or no trouble. The A.P.I. Medical Advisory Committoe has been allocated a sum of money by the American Petroleum Instituto to investigate this matter and a projoct to this end has boon established under tho direction of Dr. Robort A. Kohoe at tho Kettering Laboratories, University of Cincinnati. Tho first step necessary is to get a proper set of samples for investigation as to thoir carcinogenicity, and the sub-committee at a meeting hold on February 14, felt that the best chance of getting straight run, catalyticnlly cracked, and thermally crocked products, all from the same crude or sane type of crude, and of naphthenic character, w a s to be found in California. At this moeting the following set of eight samples was deemed necessary: 1. Distillato Puel Oils (In general range of Ho. 2 Fuel Oil accord ine to CS13-40________ 2. Residual Fuel Oils (In goneral range of No. 6 Fuel Oil aecording to CS 12-40 a. Straight run b. Thermal Recycle c. Houdry or TCC Rocyclo d. Fluid Recycle a. Straight run Residual b. .Thermal Tare c. Houdry or TCC Tere dr Fluid Tare API 06834 Ve would appreciate your advice as to which of the eigrt samples listed above you would bo able to supply, One barrol of each ample would be required. Vo further request that you tabulate the tests on such samples as you might supply, in conformity with tne attached tabulation. As previously stated our objective, if Possible, would be to obtain all oight samples from tho tamo crude or the earns genoral type of crude, or as cloeely realising thle objective at possible, A -3- siailar letter has "beer, addressed to the following comnenies: General Petroleum Corporation Union Oil Conpany Tidwator Associated Oil Conpany Standard Oil Conpany of California Sholl Oil Conpany of Sp.n Francisco The Texas Conpany c.i0h letter were, in all cases, addressed to the technical nen in these companies n the Pacific Coast with carbon oopies sent to their Medical Doctors who arc on tne A-P.I* Medical sory Connittee. After v/e have received fron the coaoanies to whon this letter is address ed and conpilod the information relative to availability and preliminary tests drt.-', vs will send a formal request to those companies whose samples most ndquately meet our needs, for one barrel of each sample Specific shinning instructions will be gutralicd as soon as a decision is reached on the samples. Your nronpt attention in this natter, which of .jgide industry interest vill be very much appreciated. Your reply should be addressed to the writer It will not be necessary to send copies to those shown below. Yours very truly, cc: To Members and Technical Advisors of the A.P.I. Sub-Commit-toe on Carcinogenicity: Members Associates Dr. M.N. Ncwquist, Dr. J.P. Holt Dr. A.E. Hoag Dr. W.P.. Levis Chairman Dr. Mclver Woody Exofficio Kr, D.V. Stroop Fxofficio Mr. H.R. Warrick ' Mr. R.S. Bonsib Mr. L.C. Beard, Jr. Mr. H.H. Zuideaa - - Corroany 'The Texas Comnany Std. Oil Co. (N.J,) Socony-Vac. Oil Co. Sun Oil Comnnny Shell Oil Co. Std. Oil Co. of N,J Amor. Pet. Inst. API 06835