Document ZpKRED3XNYxBZ8OqrVkm4LBY

W* LEAD .NDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 40 CAST 42h d STRICT NEW YORK 17, N. Y. March l6, J$60 SUBJECT* COST COHPARISOK* (M3 Y3. qaCTBIC TTOCO To the Purchasing and Engineering Personnel, Member Companies! We're attaching a copy of the "Cost Calculator for Industrial Trucks* Just published by Lead Industries Association* W* believe that you have two lnportant reasons for being Interested la It* first, as a producer of lead, your cocpany has a stake In pronoting lead products. Erne you will be glad to see the evidence of superiority hlch this analysis presents for lead-acid storage batteries as s source of sotlYe power* Second, Tery probably you are In the position of buying industrial trucks yourself and, of course, our brochure was designed to help people like you reach the best purchasing decision. We hope you'll sgree with us that the nethod given by the calculator is a valuable aid In trlining your coats by selecting the best truck and notive power combination* 7try truly yours. o INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS: What do they cost --to own? --to operate? --to maintain? i With Hit aid of Hit handy calculator chartt in Hitit pogti you con get tho complete onjwert to these questions... accurately, and in a jiffy . .. these charts do the paper wodt that could mean sub* tlanliol money savings in your operation. r t f ' LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 292 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK 17, NEW YORK f <5^ N 1963.02  wWa*. U &z at, \ A Cost Calculator & Studies of Induitrlol method* hove shown whol a tremendous contribution to productivity industrial trucks can moko. In mony industries, o return to monwol handling oporationt could trait Hit whole profit morgln. And ptrhopi it it btcowit Ihtit trucks ort so profitable that their own economics art, to tomt eitent, ignored. Yet there ore great differences in the cost of owning and operating trucks of the two main clones -- battery powered end gasoline powered. In the calculator charts in this bulletin and the eiample shown, o battery powered truck is seen to cost less than ?/) as much os a gosoline truck when all the factors are considered. Evt the real purpose of the charts is not to prove a hypothetical eiample. They ere designed to let you arrive ot your own cost foctors quickly and without any greot burden of computation, tf your operation Is typical of the hundreds surveyed in the study1 on which this method is based, you hove only to locate nine points in Hie charts on the following popes to learn what your tofol cost picture is for gas or olect-k trucks. ]f tin* |sit(ittul snnig" of u>ing luttery piwer wv-m ! > good to br true. consider sour* of llv changi-s of the ;M"t livi yiurs and Imv tlsey luw wfhvh-d tlv ived of owning and oja-rating mdu"ttuil trucks. Ohvi ous|y tin* oM of gasoline aiuJ luU* oi) Iwivr Urn riving while tlx-ivel id ehvtric jxiwer lias ds-hixd lilts. <4 nrtifN', favors. luttery |xwi-r Sur prisingly, though. flu* ivr-t d the -nfgv a.' it )> u-*d at tlv w. lxfl'* at<l forks id llv tan k .mxRiotv to mdv al*ut one fifth <d llv total or>l for a ga-ohix- j x w i nd truck and .iUk iI oot> third of llv total *i*t fr a Ittlh-rv (xiwcnvl truck While Uv dunging nM *d hvl or |*w.-r is mk mftcntit. tfv t?x*rc imjiottmt Hunge lk*% -h**wlvrv. Sludving llv nM trend Hurl * Kiguie 1 it can I** ***n tli.it tlv ni|M(l of tlv chintinic futon lias U<rn llv <tr! id lalmr. Simv Itoth gas and rlttlrif Irutk' rtitl drivers id <vMn|*irahle xkill tlvrv is no advantage or disadvantage for eillx-r in tire chinging lalxtr r.te h i tli.it Hut vUii it is nstlired tlv it tlv laigi-st single itiiil <d ex |x*n*<* for oitlvr Ivp- id truck is nviintiiktiHv. tlv effivt of LiU*r hrnrik> .`i;*fvrif)t I .m g.t-olirx- tanks, tlx- nut id iiviinti-fviiri- hxlav i- higlx-r than tlv s|.|ti id .dt otivr costs tlx-v iruiir in geivr.il. to ihinlv *d tlv nhl <d owning and i|vratinc a gwlni* liowend lawk i' Hiargc.iMe to numl< iu mv llv icoati r |urt of this <-ifn-trv is in l.dn wlxte Hu* tn-nd U to advancing wag*s While tlv Lugi^-I single ili-m id I'iinw1 in owning .0x1 o|a*i.tting an pvbliikr4 *<*"*** U+m ***< *' f i win si rial '| ru k fiMi " f olt- lixiui(ruil I tn SuttMf }l.iti-r> f'> HltilaiMjdiui |'a llv KUlnr rk-dne truck i* also mainlmvKi1, it i* Ur hwi i aUiut uru`-half Ihr total cevt. as to tw-o-thirds fur gas trucks* sinev* the number id moving and vring parts in an clutrir truck is irdund to a min* imam. In tvrms cd actual dollars per yNr. the ru-t <d mainL'iining an ekilric truck avi*nigiw shnut 40 per rvnl id tlv n>;| of maintaining a ivmiinnihU' guMilirv truck. Aik J tfu*n* arc still othir Uctire to tvKVsidtf in iiMniviring u v it b !I Aiwviorj* ft{ui|v>M<f)t is n)i*d d with lth ty|iw id truck, for ex ample. Hut when* st.irviird 1im4v efarilitii-s and tfv <\nt id niviirv Ivor ri-**n. tin" itet of hattcry chirg- i*ts, av a .|Mvif>c rx.implc. has fallen dfa'tiinllv over the j k iv I fi*w yturv. Eotterios, Too, Hov Changed Just ;l v tlien- h-i> Ivrn an ervemous rlvingi* in tlv (rntximio id fvitti-ry and gawdim* ivwi-ncf inriuviri;il vidiii hw, tlu-o- Iwv. Um a i+i iiige in UittcfH* tlvnw-lves. I*urchasing divisions hi-xd on battery Hifomumr id Uti ir *ven fiu* vivin ago knrls In nstly errors. In tlv fiM phio*. today** heavyduty industri.il lvitler>' i> not even nvide in Hu* s.'imr way that kv-tdarid futh-rii* wen* nude a decade ago. In |>1.k v uf rimple k-ad grkh with li'.id oside fvisli* (ipNlid in tlM<m. hsl-iv** hitU*r>* nvikivi ux> id gt.e* fils-rv and tough plastic in ternal retaining wall*. In anmr d<*signs ilx- hittery is m.Kie up id hundusts id individual small tul v whilst r;inrv< U* yirnd lorw, or lnt or l*mk<n And at thi* Nine time muHi id tlx- s |mo * f.vmu-rly msshd for M'fvtndnrs is >s-ivvd. Ilx- 4xs>ruJ oulshinding ad\an tage id tivkiy's k-.id arid Inllify C9 ^lisuv fneii tlv *|v k v saving drwign 1 7 iyw! LIA225A2 for Industrial Trucks nx-ntionod ultow. In iU more cum |uci form. the modern hattery ran Hrljwr more nniju rc hour* pif cubic inch or nltemoU-ly, pack a given aini- rt-hour capacity into a much smaller *|irr than iU aiKt>lor of a decade ago. Fur two buttenc* of the Kri/TK* *i*e, the one of rx*w design de liver* up to 4*> jwr cent more nmpcrv hour* of work thon (ho old. And, of ci*urse. for the same ra|mdty, the new dtign is lews cudly (Fig. 2). Service records for the new buthhw that they are far rxered- ing the older d*ign in ruggedne**;. A greatly incrciwd life u expected. There is, too, another imporlant factor which is stretching hatten- life foi ifiduMriut user*. A numUt of (mstwar technical developnx*nla haw made the automatic battery chargi-r as inexfx-nsivc as lhold<-quii>ment lud been. Operating umttenJod. the auto nutic chargrfx in ux* today fisd l*wer to the hntery at optinium rate*. detecting the exact ra-eds of tlx* hiltery and tailoring tlx* charge pirtem to match th-m. They hive O t-ik<n th* art out of hittcry tharging . . and with it th- gu<->. ;ind tlx* hunch. and tlx- <->flv break. For it i- a fact th.it charging ti-chnkjue i- one of the m-t tm|x>rlant factor* in tlx* life of lead a< id hitlcries. lnd<sd, other lu^ir hillen* svxlrnw hive Lirgely rLilad their tux* on th ii >it> to withstand charging HOW NEW DESIGN HAS CHANGED INDUSTRIAL STORAGE BATTERY CAPACITY wilt oio NEW NEW l<5 1 'iP* !,"r,e: lor rr t Utfl ; i I? imp Kf ,-ii o*< N: -%45 Mfi'UT, t)fp< bitlenri kjr iwend c j ? K>tr hom W 55 imp hr lo . 72 imp hr. Bfwi | And high- bp* batteries lornifrijr rated 100 imp hr pet pot pSilt now rite. 145 imp hr. abuse and now thy have k*<t this major of contention. m< *ur... Like {kflitioi and baseball the qiuwtion of which type of industrial truck to use is rurcly *uhjcct to the sole Uwt of logic. Hence wc arc all prone to ignore some of the figures or fact*, lean on personal experience and say, "Yew. but.. .** Here are aome of the **ye&-buU" of the industrial truck question to- gether with what may be a new inright; "Ym, bvt gwlir*-pw*r*d tfMck* foit*fr .As your in&urunce own |vny can toll you. this is nlmos-t in variably true. The internal com bustion engine is characteririicnlly able to develop high F|wxd on the straightaway and U*ts by a rtunu fneturvr of both ty|*w of truck hive shown lltHt wh*n (hr point to {mint travel i* greater thin N>0 feet, a gasoline truck will geneniHv get there U*fn* on electric. If your probh-m is holding and unloading trucks. stacking (mIM*. He., you rn.iv h* inlt-n-shd to know thit the sanx* study show* th* elv- trie truck to In* faster at this sort of Work. TIx t i* is a lusicully sini|4c nwon for this; Just is Uve internal ownhudion engine hulks nt knr s(H5*ds ihetwv Kmr 4 ids and auto untie transmissions and develo|* nvikiinuin |mt r at high s(iels. th* M*ris* skirling DC nwtlor us<d in elivtric trucks d<*vek^M it rmxi- mum torque at low sjxx<l*. (Fig 3) 7his b why an rh'ctric truck ux such a Rnall and roniporutively simple mechanism and why it win* tlx* work raa* *ven though it Icxw on a race track. "T, but tlrctrk trwckt ml m*r H*o trwrkir* Kiw<d on irll ing price, tins U aleolutcly true. !t is aUo tr>* tlvat an electric truck hu> at least twice the life ekix-cKmcy of a go-sohne-tJuwervd (ruck and tiwy List lhn*e *r nxirc* tinww as long. No natter how you amortize un <*lr trie truck. ilx Jong life jxiyt for the difference in find n*(. "Y*!, bvt *v*a rK^vgh th* trwck mog lo twenty y*of, th* beft*ri* h*nr* t* b* rfplactg.** Actually th* life <'X|wTt:incy of a correctly mbd wet of liuttfTifw c>-cled o t k v a day is *wv*' I ymm gmiler thin llvtt irf a hl>CT *f ffc* lM+m+1 c* *WdiM ** fix* rtb * PC <n*4*r m*+4 I* *W<Ox frveh N*4* tW W gasi)Iirx*-fxmf*n'd truck. In ord<*r to avoid gucivwork in tire raleulationx in thin bulletin, the meilxid now u-^d by nviny truck user* hts Um fullimid the hat- terif* are n*ntc,d. thu* being a pre dictable ex|k-nse. Normally, thin ex- fense c-in h* reduced, of course, by purvhising the Ixittcry. Therrfon*. in our nilcuLitions, electric truck* hive In i n de]itx*raU*ly {tenalizcd by th- difference h*tween boUrry rmt arxl ailuLtl hitt<*ry ost if [HJrchasid. >Tlx* same was done with hittcry chirgens t One final word on battery rr- placi-mcnt: In the |Lst twenty years, white Inflation has b*rord other industrial prices tu double, hatterif-s hive risen about 20 per rent in a*d . . . and about .pj 0 per rent in life expectancy! "Yev. Wr rrchofgWvg hqftrrbi k vp*mv* oo4 tr*vbl*om*.M Khxtri- ral |Mrw< r U not etpenrive and ha* not inmu*d in price ?n the infla- tioairy mmunen! generally, lint ten- ihirgen* an* no! expensive even the hest fully automatic typiw cost only uhxit 50A). But to |rove tluit |xint. elertric trucks are i*enal- ir*d uUne) !> renting rather thin |Hirrhising charger* in theral luliilor ihirU. Fitvilly, the **truuble** of nvhirging Imtterwr consist* of disconnecting (hr running plug. In serting th- chirging plug, and wtart ing th- rhirg-r. Fbpwd time, 30 n winds. \Vlx*n the diNchatgi-d liut- U*ry is hiisUd out and ft-plafrd by a fnwh one. changeoM-r time U about two minute*. 3 *sr* HOW TO CALCULATE THE COST OF OWNING AND OPERATING INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS On this and following pogoi art cotculolor chart* permitting an accvratt end txlrtmtly rapid comparison of cast* bttwotn garalint-powartd end tltclric lndu*triol truck*. Tht thrto chart*, or nomograph*, ptrform the complti calculation* involved in finding: The cost of owning a truck (depreciation) . . . page 4 The cost of operating a truck............................. page 6 The cost of maintaining a truck......................... page 8 The Cost of Owning a Truck The chart to calculate deprecia tion of industrial trucks (opi*ruto) takes into account the* initial imrctinse price of U>e truck and iU use ful life. If those two factors arr known and point# corresponding to tfvm on the loft and a*nt<*r scale* of thcckirt are connected by a straight line, that lino will cross tho rightlumri scalo al a point corresponding to tho cost per year. Tlx* calruLition is n simple divisitsn uf first co*r or a||*ortioning of it n\or the' u*4ut years of track life. This calculation dins not Like into Account taxes, in terest. sinking fund or any of the oilier common method# of amort iralion. It ntHNiiU only llw* cost cf turning llie truck Wliere plant ex|erience |cr mil*. it h Ij o s I to use tho actual life of trucks that have ho<*n tried. If this information i* not available, u^- the indicated points on tho center .scale. TTu*o have bnn os- Lihlishcd by a survey of typical industrial operations which verify that an ckciric truck last* at lead twice as lone ** * ga:tolinc-powered truck of the name rating. If actual price* of the track* you use are known, start with them on the scale at the left. If they arc not known. Table I gives price mntis and averages of industrial trucks from track manufacturer** price list* of January. 19o9. Note that those arc* standard tracks {spe cial ulLichment* not includtdl and that tho electric track price* do no? include the* cast of the batleriea. Trvck Rating lb. 3000 3000 4000 5000 4000 TABLE I PRICES OF STANDARD INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS -- JANUARY, 19SP Minimum $ Oaalint-powtrad Maximum s Avarago % 3150 4430 5300 5900 4300 4400 5300 4100 4700 7350 4100 5100 5700 4300 4900 Minimum S 5050 4400 7000 7400 1350 EUctfk Maximum $ 4000 7300 7750 (300 1950 4 Avorago $ 5550 4100 7350 7950 1400 L1^25u % How to Find YOUR Depreciation Cost o A Typical Example SupixjNO (Kit ;m industrial opef.tlion working n two-shift day re mind a now truck ruled ;i( HUM.) isHind*. From Table 1. the average pritr of a H(X)U jKHind g.v>lineixtwcn-d truck in $-'>7(J0. tfvt *i( a tUM).pound elo'Jnc in STiV). Kind Vj 7U), the- price of the gas (ruck, on the rcnlc at Ml and placr a straighudge through this point h o tlwit it fall* at `Ga.s-puwend truck, 2 shift* |x*r day** on tJie c*nter scnle. Ah indic;tt<d. it* life rx|*vlancy is T'j y<-sr.:. Note that the straight- id^c the righlhand scale at $760 psf year. In the Komr way, connecting $7U.ri0 with "Klcdric truck. 2 shifts per day** (note that life cxptdancy ia taken as 15 ytors though it may wtHI l>e far higher) leads to an an nual c u k ( of $490. 55,000 -- 1J00 $4.000----- *5 000- GAS-ROWmO TRUCK. SHIFTS K* OAY O 54 000- 5 CAS TRUCK $5700 57^00 ----- ELECTRIC TRUCK $7450 , *1.000 - GAS TRUCK $760 far Yaoi *9,000 *10X00- ClfCTinC TRUCK, \ ns h if t s i d a y -------- a tut) iNEH/tTStC* AiVXUTKHi o */vs W tu rm4 tlECTRIC $490 9#f Ya o COST TO OWN A CAS TRUCK $760 COST TO OWN AN tlECTRIC TRUCK $490 pi j t h i $ ir?T "- " H tmniwn^ ru LIA22545 The Cost of Operating a Truck <)rx- significant factor is omitted in this c:ili-ulation of operating enstx: the hourly wage rate of the driver plus fringe Ixmcfitx rind overhead. Since, in any plant, the same pi*rMinot*! would drive electric or pis trucks, thi* cve*t is not subject lo on>jviri*nn- In studies of total cod, hoH-mer. it should be nddt'd to the final n*u)U. 0|*nitinit cost* for pwilinefx/werid trucks are defied as the cost of gasoline consurrxd and rx*U of oil cxxvsuiixd. (Oil changiw t,rc envend und<*f maintenance.) flaxolinc is cha rg<d at iTT.Gc jx*r gallon. I lie accept <d nvetage industrial Itulk obt, and oil is <*h;irg<d at 19 fV |*er quart. Oil and pis consumpthai figures are Riven in Table If This** are average figurr* obtairxd by survey* t4 industrial users. Opera tine oisct* for elvtric trucks include tlx- out of fumi-hing hr/PfKTs hrlferv cK-trging t-quip it v *nt. and the rxet <4 electric |xw*r rrxv*unxd. Since both KitUans. and a charger are capital <quipment. tlieir cost per hour of o|M`r.itinn L a furuiion of llxir life. In nrAt lo eliminate any guesswork. tlx* nnmts graph for opemtinR c ia U i* Uw t c for* tvexd on rented l*atU*ri<,s nnd Hurgerx. TTx* o*-l of renting them4 is significantly hig!x*r than the td of owning tlxan. thus indicating the most unfavorable owt performance for rk-ctric trucks. The a<*tual rent figures are hxvd on available lming plans foe battens* and chargers of the* ratings ncommenced for the truck hire i.i question. A(' |xiwi*r is charg'd at the commonly accepted industrial average of 1..V |*r kilo watt hour. IVcnux' the o**ts for the bat teries* and charged are Ixwd on a fixid monthly rent, the oM of using th*m Uvucrx* ls> as they arc Used more in any nxxith. It U thcfcforv rxvi*sary to .( Mime lusts of use The of*raling md ncsixigrajih U Ivwd on a plant oprmthm of five day* coch week with six annual Iviiidavs. Since it is easier lo cslahli-4) the met of operating a gas truck, wr ecitif the rx*nognf4i with this rod. If the figure is available for your o|XT)tionx nnd i* lased xnlcly on g.u and oil conmimjdion, uxr It If the figure i* not available, an aver age nsl figurr, ran hr taken fnxn the last column of Table II. luxate thU figure on the left scab*, ost per hour to operate a gar truck.and lay a atmightedgr through that point xi that it ptxwi through U*e a|>(inHriate point in the miter <4 the rxxnngrapiv N4e (hat thr nortXTgrxfih me conimodrihv nntnut* one and twoshit* ojx*mtionx. It also handle* thmsshifl (fxrxtHiir where thier H*|vinite xi< i4 Uillirio, are ud wb**rr two xHx and sfwirrx (figured lx*re as 2' j sets i. or two wt and no span* are used. A xtniight line (hrtxjgh the cost <4 oixmimg a g.is tnxk jnd the projx r numU r of shift* will locate a |xint on the right rnU- ronr*qmding to the list 4 (pixlinc an ricetrk* truck of the sirrr rating in the same x-nkr, Mhx w-( of |>r shift. ' 4 TAKE i OPERATING COSTS OF GASOLINE-POWERED INDUSTRIAL TaUncS *; */>(. mg Truck Rotinf ib. Avara^r Gosalirva Centvmptian 9l./hr. }/tw. Avoog* 0*1 CaruvmpHwa gfi./hr. |/hr. C*4 5/br. 7000 3000 4000 sooo MOO 0.63 0 15 1.07 1.J0 1.45 0.174 0.234 0.294 0.332 0.400 0.074 0.094 0.100 0.117 0.120 0.014 0.014 0.019 0.027 0.023 0.111 0.252 0J15 0.354 0.422 O TJWT wm i mmiywi U&22^fc ; i How to Find YOUR Operating Cost o A Typical Example In the opemtiin considered in the fir>l example icwt of owning n truck i a 4<*X) pound truck w a s used for two shift* a day. If a gA* truck avrr u^-d under norma! condition*, 00- thr ct^l |mr htnir to opcode it tfrom Table II would hr 50..Tir per hour or 31.-V hour. Kind this point on the Ml scale of the nomograph. l*iy a straightedge through this point ao that it fall* on the center |oint "two shifts." The *tmighti<igc will craw the right scale at 0.2K3 $ hour at operation. 04) 015- -040 C 25 CM* m 0 m ? 2 1 $ a< o ___ __--------- 2 CAS TKUCX % * */ & _ ONI SHIFT 0OKUTIOM _--g . _l>tTS Of U.TUfSQ i srrs w it h v/jtts Q 2 SITS. NO VAJH5 Q -033 -0.25 RECTtC TtOCX 214 f/hf -0J0 Otf - -0.15 COST TO ORfftAff A CAS TRUCK 1(40 lWCxrtt<MS 4S%OC4TtOW r *,,m r> us m> -CJ0 COST TO OfffATf AN fUCTKIC TRUCK 0.315 $/ha* 0,755 $/havr And, I* year af aparatlan* I hown/shrft X T *hlh/dy X 235* doyi/yaor = 40t0 havrt/y*r 0 315 |/h#v X *050 havrt/yawr 0.2IS f/hawr X *050 h*wr/y $1215 paf yw $1143 par yaor 7 ****> * w Wfl IP UW'W a*225,47 The Costs of Maintaining a Truck Thr crwt of maintenance found by thr third nomograph include* oil chnnyes, ni>Lia*m<*nt purl*. thr latx>r cost' involved in di.itfT**ing trouhh* nnd installing rvplnorfi**nt lurls, and thr ru*u of charging hottrrifA and maintaining them and their cKirgrc. Ilolh the hours of maintmancr and thr value of replacvmrnt parts attributable to an hour of operation an* krvmn for both gnsolinrpimend and cbvtric trucks. Them have Urn Liken fn*m thr mnuilwnance nerrd* of hundreds of indus trial truck u *t * Thr values ir-s-d a* thr Kw* of this calculator arr a\i*mge vnluts rvjwrb'd in Table HI. The nomograph is quite simple to uar. A knemm maintenance Labor rate plus fringe linudit* and user hiid on thr k*ft mnle align'd mith thr pn>pT p*inl in thr order mill indicate thr muintrnancr riW prr hour <l oi*mtio*i. If thr hourly ratr f<w maintenance lahoc plus its over head and frinitr UrWtU la nrd knosvn, it is common prmlicr to double thr hourly ratr to aI km for three. Tobk M MAINTENANCE TIME AND VAIUE OF REPLACEMENT PARTS PER HOUR OF OPERATION Mointanorua Tima kaun/havr rf aparuta Port* $/hur of apTotlon Minimum Maiimwm Avtfg (MecmJ Minimum Movtmum Avttoga (Mean) AK Gotolina-pewarad Truck*: 0.080 0.190 AH Electric Trucks: 0.020 0 0*1 0.135 0.055 0.150 0 050 0.340 0.130 0.340 0.090 Hc*w to Find YOUR Maintenance Costs A Typical Example Continuing *:th the o|M-rati<Kl of the twi earlier cxnmpk*. *up|*w that the hourly wvim* mtr fo* thr mohank* rt the plant in qvmdion i M :*) prr hour. Sinew thr enn head and fringe U-ocfit crwt* an* nut krxr\t n the saye rale i> dulbd and u-"d t enter the kft ^;ik <d thr nttfitoirrajih at vT 1*1 fs r h*ur Align ing thi- i*ith tlx' pnfM*f |Mnlf for pus nnd electric truck.*, wr find in ternft* uth thr righthand Kale at per hour if ofwfTitke for ga truck.* and 5i> <7* j f*rr hour of operates f<ir ekrtric trucks. COST TO MAINTAfN A OAS TRUCK COST TO MAINTAIN AN ELECTRIC TRUCK $1.115 par hear of aparotian $.475 par hour af ap+totiaa 'and for tha ian Rva-doy waak, 6 onnuol halidoy yarn, 8 hawn/shifl X 2 hifl/doy X 255 doyt/yaor = 4080 kauri par yam 1.115 )/kour X 4080 haun/yam .475 $/kauf X 4080 kaurt/yam $4155 par yam $1958 par yam LI A22548 3.00-----1 9 4-00 - 8 00 * 10.00 zi 2 |S_ wu -3' < IZ II to Mr S? ti Si Si <U 1100 -- --140 OAS TRUCKS ------------Q--------------------------------------- * 1.40 i i -- 130 ou -100 EUCTMtKc XDL TRUCXKSI --OJO --ooo . citcntc $.47*/H- UAO t U ASSOClATtOM ' h a m*. SO, TOTALING UPTypkol l*onpk Ooi Ilrk Cot to own, $/ytr 7AO 4*0 Cost to oporeto, $/yoor till 11A9 Cot to mofntoJn, $/yoor 4*JJ 1*39 TOTAL, >/y*r l(0 15*1 9501 SAVINO, $/yaar 33*? tn favor of lottrk trvcfc f -c0< m KANT Oat Cloctrfe A *\ \\ WHAT OTHERS HAVE FOUND While the cost comparison method described in this bulletin will let you estimate costs for gas or electric trucks in your operation, it is based on averages of costs and, tacitly, on average working conditions. What about the special working conditions and problems of your operation? How do they alter the cost picture? If your particular operation involves one of the specific problems described In the following case histories, you may be interested in what these truck users have found. CASE II --SAX FRANCISCO WAREHOUSE COMPANY Oprration: General warehousing of palletized grocery products. Significant job factors: Typical of many palletized operation. Description: In 1948 at the beginning of a study made by San Francisco Warehouse Company six electric and fire gas trucks were operating in two warehouses. Operations encompassed receiving of palletized grocery products, stacking, making up shipments and loading delivery trucks. The study ran from 1948 to 1952. Results: In the five years covered by the survey, the company found direct annual mainte nance and repair costs to average $322.30 for ga* trucks, $60.75 for electrics. Vice-president Lloyd Swayne, Jr. Iwlieves (hat these figures are still valid today. On the basis of the study, the company has turned to an increasing portion of electric trucks in its fleet. Today it uses 13 electric truck*, eight gas trucks, and one gas-electric truck. Mr. Swayne explains that "the low repair cost of lottery jlowered trucks and their ability to keep operating without down time are the reasons why we hare lxvn converting from gasoline to electric during the past ten years." CASE IV --AUTOMOTIVE PLANTS Operation: Varied--handling everything from heavy castings to containers of small parts and fasteners. Significant job factors: Round-the-clock operation and the consequent need for reliability; large fleets; close cost control. Description: Specific details ul plant operation have not been divulged but it is known that co-l studies hare linen made at Oldsmobile and Ford. Results: As re|xirted in Irxtn Age*. "Oldsmobile Div. in the last few yean has bought almost 400 electric units alter a thorough, long term cost study. This started a trend at Fisher body. Sixty elec trics were included early this sear in plant expansions and equipment replacements. "Ford Motor has also Ixrught alsiul 150 electric trucks after finding a 4 to I ratio on mainte nance costs." IrvsVi: .1 UgiMs." Ore. 10. 1SSO 10 LIA22550 <U2h CASE I--THE BOSTON AND MAINE RAILROAD Operation: Baggage and mail handling at a railroad terminal. 0 Significant job factor*: Heavy load*, fairly long runs including numerous ramp* with grade* up to 10 percent Description: Previously. 34 gas tractors were ued round the clock to load and unload baggage and mail. Though there were minor problems such as extreme heat for the drivers during the summer, gas fume*, and occasional fires, the change to electric truck* was spurred by a cold Deceintier morning on which 16 of the trucks would not start The 34 gas trucks were replaced by 24 battery powered truck*. Results: At the end of a year of operations, the Boston and Maine was able to show a reduc tion of 50 per rent in fuel-power costs, T5 per cent in maintenance part costa and 60 per cent in maintenance lal>or. Net out-of-pocket savings for that one year were $32,700. 0 1i CASE III --INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY MANUFACTURER Operation: General handling in heavy machine manufacturing. Three trucks are u-ed to receive, transfer lietween operations, load for shipping. Loads range from 1500 lb. parts to 6-7 lh. parts palletized. Significant job factors: Typical of many plant ojieration- where few trucks are involved. Description: Switch from gasoline-powered to electric truck* was made in 1955. The three truck* are somewhat specialized: one is a high-litt model, one is specifically designed for loading over-the-road trucks one is a general-duty lift truck Result*: Management reports that riclutiic of major OKvrhaulr the average monthly mainte nance of the trucks ha- lieen reduced $26-28. After almost five \ears ol -ervioe. the original lotteries are *till in service. Furthermore, though fumes and noise were accepted as normal with gasoline trucks, they are now noticed by their absence. CASE V -- A TAINT AND VARNISH PLANT Operation: In-plant handling of paint raw materials, finished product*. Significant job factor*: General industrial use; fire and safety factors are important to management. Description: Prominent paint maker ha* had eijericnit with l>oth ga and electric in-plant truds. Trucks are u-ed throughout the manufacturing o|>cration--receiving, transporting materials for processing, handling finished paint*, warehousing, shipping. Results: Ba-cd on spit check comparison*, management find* that the u-e of electric truck* c* at least 45 jar cent chcap-r than gas truck*. In commenting on such a comparison, the as-i-tant suprintendent pointed out that. "We have always felt that electric truck* are much s lier for in*ide operation and safer, too." 11 T *TW war **&*'*' 4. LIA22551 5 :