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I -0 ,'fV i l __ . -'.c S: S'? ------ X-r k/~A TV-1 K' 1/ /V V W1, < --'''-'--VV--'' / /. // /? V <>' ylsyis ^ ./ (JO ~. / :er> 1941. Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, ?a. DIGEST OF IIIDUSTPIAL KYGISSZ Literature--News--Developments News Items 735 Control of Chlorinated Solvents. Acting upon advices from the Department of Agriculture to the effect that the nation's feed supply was facing a serious threat as a result of shortages of certain chemicals used by farmers and feed warehouses for fumigation purposes, Donald M. Nelson, Director of Priorities, has placed under rigid control ail stocks of chlorinated solvents. These are defined in the order as: carbon tetrachloride, triohiorethylene, parchiorethylene and ethylene dichloride. In cases of shortages of present materials, members are urged to consult with the Foundation before making substitutions. In this v;ay, the use of hazardous materials may be avoided. 736 Priority Troubles. In recent months, management has found difficulty in obtaining necessary mater ials for the installation of industrial ventilation systems because of priori ties. The results of this difficulty on the health of defense workers is ob vious and the following procedure has been suggested by the U.S. Public Health Service. The management of plants in which priorities materials arc required for control equipment should file an application with the Diviaioa of Priorities, Office cf Production Management, Washington, E.C., on Form PD-i. This form may be obtained from the offices of the Contract Distribution Division, Office of Production Management, which ere located throughout the country in the various Federal Reserve Bank buildings. In addition, it would be helpful if the indus trial hygiene agency would prepare c written statement, on the importance of obtaining the required materials, which the plant management could attach to its application. 737 Recent Experience of a Large Defense Contractor. Defense p&onts speeding up production and working three shifts in 4 hears often find an unbalanced accident frequency pattern .viien comparing one shift with another. The following table is reproduced from a report of a large defense contractor and shows clearly the difference in accident frequency rates between the third shift and others. Shift 1 2 3 It -..111 be noted in rates for the shift 4 p.m. tc midnight. Hours Accident frequency rate 3 r-,.m.-4 p.m............................................... 7*.96 4 p.m.-midnight........................................ 6.82 Liidnight-3 a.m............................................15.00 ;he above table that there is little difference in frequency orking from 8 a.m. tc 4 p.m., and tho one working from _ From midnight to 6 n.m. the frequency rate shows a decided 004470 Digest c:' Industrial Hygiene - 2. increase. Sir.ilar reports have also been made from time to time by field repre sentatives who find a variation in "third shift" not only affecting the frequen cy rate, but lowering production as v/e11. Seme of the more obvious factors which suggest themselves as perhaps causing this abnormal condition are: Loss skilled 'naployces on the third shift; fatigue due to daytime activities, or in seme cases, to a second occupation; less effective supervision on the third shift, labor Standards. U.S. Dept, of labor, 4, 67, {July-August, 1941). 7=5 ;.j>a Considers Defense Standard on vonccr.trstica of Cadmium. The first American Defense Emergency Starccra for a toxic oust or gas has just been started through the emergency procedure of the American Standards Hssociu- ticn for approval. The emergency standard specifies the permissible concentra tion of cadmium which may be considered safe for workers. It is now being con sidered by the Safety Code Correlating Committee of the American Standards Association. If approved by the SCCC, the proposed standard v/ill be submitted to the chairman of the Standards Council as provided in the ASA Defense emergen cy Procedure. The proposed emergency standard was developed by the o. 3. Public Health Service acting as an Emergency Technical Committee under the ASA Emergency Procedure. Industrial Standardization, 1, 225 (September, 1941;. 759 California State Board of Health to Prohibit Usd of Mercury in Hatting Industry. At the July meeting of the California State Board of Health, a resolution was adopted prohibiting the use of mercurial carroting compounds in California hatters* fur cutting and fur felt hat manufacturing plants after December 1, 1941. This action is a direct result of the conference held on May 19, 1941 by the Surgeon General cf the United States Public Health Service at which proposed State regulations governing the use of hatters* mercurial carroting solutions were unanimously approved in principle by representatives of The Hat Institute, Inc., The Hatters' Fur Cutters Association, and health and labor officials fro:, a number cf States. Other States which have adopted similar regulations are Delaware, Rhode Island, Kentucky, Vermont, Connecticut, and Michigan. Iud. Kyg., Hat'l. Inst, of Health. 1_, 5 (September, 1941). 790 Test Toluene Drunkenness. Dangor cf defense industry workers getting toluene drunk from inhaling the fumes ir. their work and causing accidents costly both in manpower and materials may be prevented by a new test announced by Dr. Wolfgang F. VonOettingen, Dr. Paul A. Heal and Dr. Dennis D. Donahue, of the U. S. National Institute of Health, to the American Public Health Association. Toluene poisoning, like alcoholic intoxication, reduces a man's powers of coordination and reaction time and even gives on exhilaration similar to that felt after taking two or three cocktails on an empty stomach, and finally puts him to sleep. The early stages of incoor dination and slowed reaction time, which might be fatally dangerous for a man working in a TNT factory, are not recognized by the victim of the poisoning. A chemical test which gives advance warning of the- danger by showing how much toluene the worker is getting into his system has now been worked cut by the federal health scientists. It consists in determining the amount of another chemical, hippuric acid, which is excreted. Along with this test the doctor car. make a simple test of the worker's coordination, such as asking him to pick up and thread a needle. The victim of insidious toluene poisoning, thougn he may net appear to be an accident-prone worker, would have trouble even picking up the needle. Exposure for eight hours to us little as two hundred parts per million of toluene produces definite impairment of coordination and reaction time, the federal scientists reported. Higher concnntrations, such as may occur under defense-increased incustrial activities, may be damaging within throe hours exposure. Science Nows Letter, October 25, 1241. '.e 'V * ? -> n e ^1 ?3i loci cental Injuries -- The Madias-Legal Aspects -iuciiit". Li:.::. Lea 1 csbiger, Phila.. dJ elphia, 1941. This b.ck is act only v.Titton far physicians, but for lawyc-rs, insurance a panics, employers, industrial accident beards and personnel managers. Bee there have been r.c major changes in the principles underlying the adminisc of the medical aspects of workman's compensation claims, the original arra meat has beer, retained, and the basic factors which are the foundation of evaluation of permanent disability have boon emphasised, however, the one booh has been completely revised and enlarged, while special attention has given to the chapters on traumatic neuroses and rehabilitation. The booh based or. the author's experience covering more than 100,000 cases examined the Nov; Jersey Hehabiiitation Clinic and the New Jersey V/orkmcn' s Cempensa Bureau. It concerns itself mainly with the physician's responsibility in t ne interpretation of problems such as the determination of the relationship b etwee: injury and disease, of the period of temporary disability and the evalunti on of permanent disability. It is v:oli printed on good paper and has extensive authc: and subject indexes. 792 The 194-1 Year Booh of Public Health. Edited by J.C. Geiger, M.D., Dr.P.H. ,.p. 54-i. v3.CC. I he Year Booh rubuishers, Chicago. 1941. To one, part of whose job is to scour the literature on industrial hygiene, it seems that Dr. Geiger has presented an excellent summary of the year's activi ties in the field in only 37 pages. Every article selected represents a defin ite contribution or activity in the problem of industrial health conservation. Industrial hygiene is, of course, only one of the many fields of public health represented in this booh, but is probably the one of most interest to our readers. There are excellent subject and author indexes. 733 Trauma and 'disease. Edited by -Leopold Brahdy, M.D. and Samuel Kahn, li.D. Con tributions by Twenty-four Authorities. Second edition, pp. 055. v>?.50. Lea u Fccigcr, Philadelphia, 1941. Certain chap:ers of the first edition have bc-en only slightly changed; ethers have been rewritten entirely, in order to incorporate additional data and the newer concepts of the relationship betv;een an injury and an ensuing disease. To one who follows, the legal course of only the industrial aspects of trauma and disease, the growing importance is daily becoming more apparent. This is espe cially true in the ease of pulmonary tuberculosis where the relationship has net been clearly defined. Hardly a month passes, however, without a case being filed for compensation or damages for tuberculosis in which the alleged causa tive or aggravating factor is dust or noxious fumes. This facet of the troblem is discussed in Chapter IV of this bc-N:. The book is well printed and bound and has extensive author and subject indexes. The contents fallow* Trauma in the Etiology of Disease -- Trauma and Kc-art Disease -- Trauma and Peripheral Vascular Disease -- Trauma and Pulmonary Tuberculosis -- Trauma and Pulm.nary Diseases -- Trauma and Disease of the Gestre-Tntes- *act -- Trauma and Genito-urinsry Diseases -- Trauma in ?.oiati>.a obstetrical and Gynecol:gioal Conditions -- Trauma - ad Hants! Dis orders -- Trauma end Ncurosyphilis -- Trauma and Diseases of the Nervous System -- Trsuaa and Diseases af the Bonos -- Trauma and Chronic Diocaoes of the Joints -- Tra.unu arid Diseases of tiic opine -- Trauma : nd Neoplasms-- Trauma : nd Diabetes -- Trauma and Diseases of the Thyroid Gland -- Trauma and Septicemic. > ^ 1 ;00 4 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 4. 734 Control of ".'elding Hazards in the Defense industries. A "new special bulletin issued oy the division of Labor Standards, United States Department o? Labor, in Washington. This publication, which is the fifth in a series of special bulletins dealing with safety and health of defense -workers, has been prepared by I'rof. fhiiip Drinker, of the Department of Industrial Hygiene, Harvard-School of Public Health. Typical health hazards associated with voiding, according to the bulletin, are: 1. .lye injuries from the effect of the brilliant light of the arc. 2. Burns of the shin from the arc cr burns from molten metal. 3. Burns from handling hot objects, such as wires, tools and rods. 4. Metal-fume fever and metal poisoning caused by lack of adequate ventilation in welding. The bulletin outlines briefly the various preventive measures which should be taken by employers and which should be used by workers in controlling the hazards mentioned. A portion of the bulletin deals with welding in confined spaces such as those found in ship construction ana certain other types of oper ations. The need for adequate ventilation in such spaces is stressed, betn from the standpoint of removing harmful gases, fumes, and smoke, and 3lso of provid ing adequate fresh air. In cases where local exhaust ventilation cannot be readily applied, the publication recommends the use of approved supplied-air res pirators in order to provide welders and cutters with an adequate supply of fresh air. The bulletin concludes -- If attention is not paid to such matters as ventilation, adequate eye protection, respiratory protective equipment, cr if velding and cutting operations are improperly screened such jobs may cause trouble. Intelligent precautions such as those outlined above give reasonable assurance that those jobs can be done safely. Both the employer and the worker have definite responsibilities which if observed will insure safety to those engaged in welding and cutting operations. For sale by Supt. of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 10 cents. ' Legal Developments 795 Longshoremen* s and Harbor Workers' Con-sensation Act. Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Contracting of Disease from Co-employee. Sufficiency of Evidence. The plaintiff, an employee for several years of the intervenor, '*Vm. Hahn Sc Com pany, contracted pulmonary tuberculosis and made claim for such as an injury occasioned by her employment under the provisions of the Employee's Compensa tion Act. The defendant, Commissioner, denied this claim. He determined that the plaintiff did not have direct or inaediate contact with her cc-employee, Myers, from whom, it is alleged she contracted the disease. The plaintiff brings this action pursuant to The Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act, which confers jurisdiction upon this Court to set aside a compensation order net made in accordance with lav:. The critical question involved is whether or net the plaintiff contracted pulmonary tuberculosis from Jerry Myers, a colored employee who had worked in the same store with the plaintiff during her period of employment, who was hospitalised for tuberculosis shortly after the plaintiff discovered that she was so afflicted, and who died shortly thereafter from such disease. The determination of this question is necessarily grounded upon the extent of the contact between the two employees. V/hile, under the evidence, the Commissioner might have come to a different conclusion from that which he did, it cannot be said that the conclusion which he did reach is not supporter by substantial evidence. The motion to dismiss the complaint is granted. Dansky v. Cardillo. U.5. List. Ct., Dist. of Col. Decided August 11, 1941.{CCH; --Annual Meeting --- Nov. 12 and 13-- Di5e. Industrial Hygiene - 5, 796- Furnace Operator in Drift. The widow of a tempering furnace operator applied for a death award, alleging that her husband's loath was due tc a severe cold contracted through eittoico to a draft from an outside window -while he was perspiring from the heat of the furnace. The employer contended that the decedent had not been exposed to any hasard cf his employment and that his death was due to natural causes. The in vestigation of the claim brought out that the decedent had worked at the job ic eight years and that the conditions surrounding his employment were about the same at all times, although claimant alleged that the decedent rad closed a windev; to shut off a cold draft and other employees had opened it. The medical, department could sec nc relation bet./eon the death of the decedent end any expo sure in the course cf Jus employment. Affidavit of an employee who worked :n an adjoining machine was to the effect that the decadent complained about a severe cold but did not mention anything about the draft bothering him. The Ccirr.ission held that proof cf an injury sustained in the course of aniarising out of decedent's employment was lacking and' ordered that the claim be disallow Ohio Ind. Coma. Monitor. 14, 153 (October, 1941}. 797 Rheumatic Fever in ~..'et Sander. In this case the claimant was employed a3 a wet sender on coach bodies and ho askud compensation for diability due to an attack cf rheumatic fever. His duties required him to work constantly with sand paper wetted in water and then used to smooth enamel. He wore rubber boots and a rubber apron and his clothes did not ordinarily become wet, but he developed acute rheumatic fever, v.ith arthritis involving both wrists and hands. The claims reviewer, basing his opinion on the medical report that claimant's condition could reasonably be due to exposure to water almost continuously in the course of his employment, theug the claimant should have the benefit of the doubt, especially since the employe, agreed with this conclusion. The Commission found that claimant suffered from ccmuor.sabic occupational disease and ordered that the claim be allowed. Ohio Ind'. Ceram. Monitor. 14, 153 (October, 1941). 79S Tenosynovitis in Soda Clark. In this case the claimant was a ycung v.-nan employed as a clerk at a soda foun tain. She based her application for compensation from the Occupational disease Fund on the allegation that she was suffering from tenosynovitis, u compensable occupational disease. The investigation of the claim disclosed that the claims had v;crked for throe months at the fountain and that she developed what she des cribed as a sprain of the tendons of one aim but which v:as diagnosed by the attending physician as tenosynovitis and which was due, the medical report said to the continuous dipping of ice cream. The claims reviewer was of the opinion that the claim should be allowed and the Commission so ordered. 'Jhio Ind. Cenm Monitor..14, 153 (October, 1341}. 799 5ockkse^BT,s Allergy. feminine employee of a hardv.-aro company filed application for comsensnticn fo disability due to an eye condition which, she alleged, arose from the conditions of her employment. The investigation revealed that the claimant had worked as bookkeeper for -;he past thirteen years. She worked in a room 23 feet long and 8 feet wide, enclosed by Glass windows and heated by a small, radiant type gas heater. She had worked in this room from April 1, 1940 until September 22,1940 when she developed an inflammation of the cuter edge of the right eye, being di abic-d until November 7, 1940. The diagnosis of the attending physician was an riders:* affecting the tissues, membranes end skin surrounding both eyes. The medical investigator to who:'. the claim w?.:s referred considered it improbable that the conditions of claimant's employment or the fumes from a radiant heater Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 5. could dove caused the disability and the claims reviewer eccnmended disc ante. The Commission held that proof was inciting that cl .inant' a disabil due to a compensable occupational disease and ordered the the clai:.i be d r.ied Chic Ind. Gear., Monitor. 1> 153 (October, 1341). loicr -'.ctir.itis The element in. this case, a fireman on a heat-treating f-urnr.ee, had applied for ccapcnsaticn alleging injury to his eye as r. result of intense light to which ho was subjected in the performance of his duties. Tho claim v/as considered and denied but the claims referee suggested the possibility that the claimant might have contracted an occupational disease. An 0.3. claim v;as then filed but after investigation it was disallowed cn the ground that claimant's disability could not be ascribed to on occupational disease. The claimant then exorcised has statutory rights under Sec. 145-63d, Effective May 26, 1939, and applied for -a review of his application by a Medical Board* of Review. The case was hoard be fore a medical board at Cleveland and it found that "in the absence of known or proven etiology, from a physical standpoint one cannot deny the possibility of a solar retinitis, the result of exposure to intense light." The board recommend ed allowance of the claim and the Commission followed the board's finding, allow ing compensation for a total loss of vision of one<ye. Ohio Ind. Coma. Monitor. 14, 153 (October, 1941). 301 Pneumonia in Si,tn Painter. Bioplay sign painter for ?. department store who worked indoors was assigned to new quarters in another building. Consequently, one day in January, ho moved bis brushes and paints into tho other building. In order to do this it was necessary for him to go through a tunnel connecting the two buildings and ucc an elevator to the third floor. The tunnel was heated but the elevator shaft was not heated. Said sign painter contracted a cold which developed into lobar pneumonia and resulted in death five days later. His widow filed a claim for acath benefits alleging that her husband contracted the cold when moving and while riding up and down a number of times in the drnfty and cold elevator, occasion (1) that the evidence did not indierte that anything extraordinary cr catastrophic occurred to justify a finding of accident and (2) that the disease was not an occupational aisease inasmuch as the pneumonia was not the natural -nd unavoidable result of the conditions of the employment, upheld. Disallow ance affirmed. V.cstbroote v. Edwards &. Sens. 262 App. Div. 785. If. State Dept, of Labor Ind. Bull., 20, 213 (July, 1941). Blisters and C-allousos. A letter directed by Chairman Will T. Blake of the Ohio Industrial Commission to help Jqb D. Goodrich, supervisor of the Claims Section, says: "The question st whether or not blisters and callouses caused by employment should be considered as injuries or occupational diseases has been presented to the Commission. It is the opinion of the Commission that if blisters and callous, can be atrributed to one specific act they shc'ila be considered as injuries. However, if callouses or blitters cannot bo attributed to one specific act bu result from tho work performed by the claimant, they shculd bo considered as occupational. Medical expense end compensation for diability resulting from callouses and blisters, or tho infection thereof, should be paid as in other claims." Chic lad. Coin::. Monitor, l^t, 14C (September, 1941). --Remember the- Meeting, Kov. 12-13--- GA * "? Uw-* . Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 7. 603 Silicosis as C^uso cf Hernia* In true case compensation has been allowed claimant for disability due to sili cosis contracted in the course cf his employment. The award was made for temporary total disability from August 3, 1640 to November 2, 1941. Under date of February 13, 1941, the claimant notified the Commission that he had developed a hernia as the result of a violent coughing spell and ashed that treatment for the condition be included in his eldin. The medical department reported that there could have been a direct relation between the hernia and the violent cough ing spell to v.-hich silicoties are sometimes subject, as it developed immediately after the attach. The claims referee considered the claim compensable and the Commission ordered that the hernia be recognized as a part of the claim. Chic Ind. Coma. Monitor. 14, 157, (September, 1S41). 804 Review by Medical Board. . This v.ras an occupational disease claim which was heard by the Commission on January 3C, 1941, end disallov/ed on the ground that proof was lacking that the claimant's disability was the result of a compensable occupational disease con tracted in the course of his employment. Subsequently claimant exercised Ms statutory rights and filed an application for review of his claim by a Medical 3card of Review as provided for in Sec. 1465-g3 D, effective May 26, 1939. The case was reviewed before a three-nan board at Cleveland on April 25, 1341, which held that the claimant's disability was due to the aggravation cf a pre-existing condition as the result of irritating fumes. Since the Commission, under the statute, is bound by tho decision of the Medical Board of Review on medical questions, the claim was ordered allowed. Ohio Ind. Comm. Monitor. 14,, 136, {September, 1941). -----;umual Meeting - Nov. 1.2 raid 13-- Fatigue an Accident Hazard.Tho father of the decedent filed the application, alleging that doath was due to an injury sustained in the course of his employ ment. From the report of the investigation, it appears that the decedent had worked on shift ending at 4* 36 AM., and accepted the option of working another shift beginning st 7:00 A.M., spending the few hours intervening sleeping in a chair home. As he concluded the second shift after sweeping up the shop, he was seen to spin around and fall to tho cement floor. 7/hcn picked up he was bleeding at tho mouth, his eyos were sot and his head was jerking. The evidence indicated that nothing was likely to have caused him to fall other than an attack of some kind, although one witness said there was a small spot of water on the floor near.whore ho fell. The claims reviewer theorized that since the decedent had worked 18 hours, his attack may have been due to fatigue. Ho was of the opinion that this long stretch night be considered a hazard of his employment and recommended an award of S10C0 to the father as a prospective dependent. The CcirMssicn however, held that proof failed to shew an injury sustained in the course cf aadarising out of employment and ordered that the claim be denied. Ohio Ind. Com. Monitor. 14, 137, (September, 1941). loath ns a Result cf Silicosis Contracted in tho Course of Employment. Indica tion for Modification cf Award. Dismissal. Mandamus .Proceeding, constituti:::ality of Section 14*o-6oA. The Columbus MMleable Iron Company employed Lcurin, the husband of the relator. From 1930 to 1937, -while working for such company, in the course of Ms employ ment as a bench moiuer, making molds from sand, Lourin ;/as exposed to dust, which resulted in Ms contracting silicosis. He died in 1938 fron silicosis. The commission made an order that the maxima amount of compensation payable herein r n : j -> of Industrial Hygiene - 5. aco: to the previsions of Section 1455-3a., General Code, is Cool; and that she commission grants tne maximua amount. In 1339, relator filed on eociieuticn for a .".edification to the effect that the compensation for the death claim a ho nil have been allcv/ed and paid in accordance v.ith Section 1466-32, Subsection 2, General * lc, instead of the latter portion of Section 145c-Sa, General Code. The aapppp! lication v;as dismissed. It is alleged that that portion of Section 14:6s;--63a, GGi eneral Cede, which provides certain limitations on the *ward to t:hhee dependent of one dying from an occupational disease is unconotitutional under Section 2 irticle II of the Ohio Constitution, and of Section 1, Article XIV, Amendments of the United States Constitution. Relator desires that mandamus issue requiring the commission to award her compensation as the widow of her ccceased husband, 'under Section 1465-32. Respondent, the Industrial Commission, demurs to the petition for a writ of mandamus on the ground that it does not state facts sufficient to show a cause of action entitling the relator to the remedy therein sought. Relator asserts that she is not accorded the sane protection as is accorded to other persons of the same class, that is, claimants for compensation or benefits arising out of occupational diseases. For quite a period the Legislature) neglected to exercise its power to provide compensation for occupational diseases, and the question was never raised that under the Constitution it was obliged to provide such relief or to fix the rata. Under the constitutional provisions, the Legislature has a right to pass such legislation as to provide such compensation and death benefits as may seem just. That portion of the section claimed to be unconstitutional is not violative of the provisions of the Constitution. Demurrer sustained. State, ex rol. Lourin v. Industrie! Commission of Ohio. Ohio Ct. of App. Decided January 28, 1541, ^CCH). Tuberculosis Contracted by Repairman for Ulectric Refrigerators. Sulphur Dioxide Gas. Sufficiency of Dviccnce. The appellee, Stribling, brought this action to recover damages for an injury suffered by him while a servant of defendants, and recovered jud^nc-nt in the sum of v50i0C0. The evidence was conflicting to the extent that the jury would have been justified under the law in finding a verdict cither way. Strib ling testified, end he was substantially supported, that in repairing refriger ators which was his work, it was generally necessary to first purge them of the gas, make the repairs and then replace the gas; that if no protection therefrom was used the gas was highly inflammatory to the nose, throat and lungs; that the plaintiff was not aware of the dangers and the defendants did not warn him of thsm and furnish him protection against them, as they could have done at little cost; that the result was ho contracted tuberculosis causing him permanent disability. The position of the defendants is that they are not liable in don- ogos for the injury to the plaintiff caused by tuberculosis because they had no notice either by experience or otherwise that the inhaling of the gas might reasonably result in that disease. However, plaintiff made out his case by show ing that serious injury might result without his putting his finger on the par ticular serious harm. On the other hand, it was reversible error that a cousin of one of plaintiff's counsel was a juror. Reversed and remanded. Uisjissicti Pov/or Co. et al. v. Stribling. Hiss. Suoreme Ct. Decided September 22, 1941. ICCK). * Dermatitis from Creosote Poisoning end Poison Ivy Proves Jntal. Tho deceased employee, a bridge worker, contracted poison ivy and creosote pciconing from handling timbers which v?ero treated with creosote and had been lying in poison ivy. A dermatitis developed which proved fatal. The defendant claimed ---Foundation's Sixth Annual Meeting: Pittsburgh, Nov. 12-13-- s CO 4 digest of Industrial Hygiene - 9. that the employee did not die from the dcmatiti3, but that the death v;as due to arsenical poisoning v;hich resulted from injections of ncarsphensnine given to the employee in the mistaken belief that he v.-as suffering from syphilis. The testimony shewed the creosote poisoning and the poison ivy to ce the chief fac tors, or at least the largest contributing factors to the fatal results. Since the poisoning sustained by the employee was "accidental," the death was held to be compensable. This was ao even though the injections administered to the employee may have contributed to the death. 7/codward vs. Kansas City Bridge Co. (Louisiana) 153 So. 2nd 221 (June, 1941;. Occup. Hazaras, 23 (Cctcccr, 1341). 309 Failure to Provide Modem Dust Control Zcuirmer.t Results in Silicosis Awards. Six cases involving disabilities, resulting from silicosis were hoard together, the facts in all of the cases being fundamentally the same. The claimants were miners employed in the company's mine. Operations included blasting as well as drilling. The company had installed wet drilling apparatus, but nevertheless much dust was present and the claimants developed silicosis. Other than the v.*et drilling equipment the mining company had done little to improve conditions. Its failure to do so resulted in awards to the claimants. The Court stated that an injury caused by conditions which science and industry have learned to con trol and eliminate cannot be classed as an occupational disease. It stated that there is no cure for silicosis but that hope in steaming the disease lies in preventive measures. The company had failed to provide any mechanical ventila tion, had not installed exhaust pipes or filters, and had not supplied masks for the underground workers. The neglect to take these preventive measures resulted in a finding by the Court that the silicosis was not a non-compensable occupa tional disease under the Compensation Act, but a compensable injury. Howard re, Texas Owyhee Mining & Development Co. and five other cases. (Idaho) 115 Hoc. 2nd 749 (July, 1941). Occupy Hazards, 4, 32 (October, 1941). 310 Ohio Silicosis Beccrd. Since silicosis was made a compensable occupational disease in Ohio, 733 ccmpen- . sation claims based on this disease had been filed vdth the Industrial Commission up to July 31, 1941. Out of the total of claims filed, 132 originated in foun dries, 70 in iron foundries, 32 in non-ferrous foundries and 3C in steel laun dries. The 95 cascc charged to the ceramic industry arc distributed as follows: floor and wall tile, 24, tablcv/arc 30, glass house refractories 10, insulating brick and electric insulators 6 each, silica brick 5, silica sand and aiatcnacecus earth 4, stonesvare and enamels 3 each, glass, sanitary ware, fire brick and building brick and tile, 1 each. There were 19 claims filed by cut stone workers, 14 being in monument work, 4 in building stone and 1 in quarries. Polishing, buffing and grinding iron and steel led to 5 claims, coal mining pro duced 2, and miscellaneous sources 2. A total of 255 claims have been allow ed, 352 ddalod and 131 are still pending. The July record was 20 claims allowed and 15 disallowed. L.M. Merritt, Ohio Ind. Ccmm. Monitor. 14_, 126, (August, 1941). =-1 Revised Occupational Disease Hating in Ohio. wr.e inclusion of silicosis ana other uiscaso has so increased the claim obliga tions that the two cent flat occupational disease rate was producing inadequate premiums. In order to increase the disease premiums and also to provide an incentive for disease prevention in industries where discaso hazard is prevalent, the lav: was amended, to provide for a general disease rate of at least tv:o cents fer all classifications and in addition higher disease rates in those classifica tions wncre the disease hazard is prominent. Therefore occupational disease rates have been established varying from a minimum of two cents in classifica tions with little or no indicated disease hazard to fifty cents where exception ally high disease costshave devoloped. In order to indicate tho disease r. n ~ ' w- ' - Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 10, portion included in the basic rate, a symbol specifying the amount of the dis ease portion is shewn for those classifications -.here the disease rate is higher than two cents. For example: Oil distributers, coal mines (electrified), line quarries, and bakeries, 10 cents extra; painting, coal mining (not otherwise classified), planing mills, 15 cents extra; brick manufacturing, structural steel erection, iron foundries, 20 cents extra. Ohio Ind. Comm. Monitor. 14, 113, (August, 1941). Parers on Dust. Oases and General Industrial Hygiene 312 Educational Qualifications of Industrial Hygienists. C.D. Selby. Report of Sub-Ccnsittoe. An. J. Pub. Health, 31^, 723-730 (July, 1941). The industrial hygienist should receive the general training for personnel in public health plus special courses to acquaint him with his particular field, such as instruction in industrial medicine, hygiene, and sanitation. A report dated March 1, 1941 indicated that there are 4931 physicians engaged or who have had experience in industrial practice. Less than 1000 of these are on a full time basis and more than 200C are cn a part-time basis. Of the 23,705 public health nurses, 3271 were listed as industrial. As of the midyear 1940 there were in the state and local health departments 37 trained medical industrial hygienists, 81 engineers, and 37 chemists. The Public Health Service had 51 trained industrial hygienists, of whom 15 were physicians. The committee does not feel it desirable to suggest an inflexible curriculum or even a basic out line of a course in industrial health at this time. 513 Historical Milestones in Occupational Medicine and Surgery. A.E. Whittaker. Ind. Lied., 10. 331-353 (August, 1941). " A continuation of the author's series, the first of which dealt with the first printed book dealing exclusively with occupational diseases. This discusses the v.Titings of Isbrand de Dicmerbroeck, as published in 1696. The book deals only briefly with the pathology of occupational disease, but this brief des cription illustrates clearly the transition from anatomical repetition of the writers of many centuries to the writings of accurate clinical observation. This article quotes an interesting description of the autopsy of "Stone-Cutter's Asthma" dene in 1649. ' 514 Industrial Health Service for tho Small Plant in the Ceramic Industry. H. Y/iiliams and others. Bull. Amer. Cer. Soc., 20, 285-237 (August, 1941). An outlia# is given for securing and applying industrial hygiene service to the small plant in the ceramic industry. The use of engineering and medical princi ples to conserve and promote tho health of the employees is also discussed. 315 Industrialisation and Public Health with Special Reference to the Tuberculosis Problem m the Philincines. '.V. Niedcriand. Acta.mod. Philippina, 2, 79 ("uiy, Septcmoer, 1940). There seems to be a relation between the mortality from tuberculosis and occupa tion for the beginning, of industrialization was associated vdth an increase in mortality from that disease. Much of this may be due to lowering of living standards for aftor a time the rate begins to improve. Tho author believes that the Philippines are in this early stage of industrialization and have the high tuberculosis rate associated with it. --Annual Mooting - Nov. 12 and 13-- f' H ' " ' Digest- of and Hygiene - 11. The Function of Public Health in Defense. T. Psrran. J.A.M.A. 117, 186-IDS (July 15, 1241 j. The importance of public health efforts is evidenced by the fi.ruro of 350 million nan-cays lost last year owing to illness and accidents among workers - the equivalent of 1,000,000 men working a full year. This is a much greater 2.053 than that caused by labor troubles. The author also discusses the problem of men rejected for military service because of correctable defects -- he urges government aid in rehabilitating these men for use in industry. Nutrition prob lems, difficulties caused by the heavy influx cf new workers to small communities, the supply of physicians, arc other topics discussed. 817 Industrial H^-ione in the National Defense Program. J.T. Bloomfield. Annals of Int. Med., 1^, lo5-171 (August, 1041J. Industrial mobilization in recent months has greatly au^nentod industrial health problems. Nov: workers arc being taken on in increasing numbers, many of them not as physically fit as those they are replacing, ana unless the working envir onment is made safe for then, marked rises in accident and disease rate may be expected. The problem of fatigue will appear as a result of the speed-up in production. Nov; and hazardous chemicals '.'.dll come into use. Recent research and organization find us better prepared to cope with these arising problems than ever before. A program has been outlined for the purpose of developing a nation wide effort in industrial hygiene in defense industries. The responsibility of the medical profession in this program is discussed. 813 Nodical Plans for Industry. K. Roberts and LI.A. Brown. Advanced Management, p. 81. (April-Junc, 1941). Absenteeism due to illness is costing industry more than $60 per employer per year. It is costing employees more. Strikes in 1940 resulted in a loss of about two housfs per worker per year; absenteeism due to illness, which never makes the headlines, resulted in a loss of approximately eight days per worker. The total of illness has been estimated at 400,000,000 mon-days per year. This article discusses various means of reducing this high toll. Several plans are described and discussed in detail. The objectives of a proper program arc threefold: (1) improved health of the working forco; (2) security for the em ployee against the financial hazards of illness; (3) increased efficiency and raised production level. 319 The Public Health Administrator* s Responsibility in the Field of Occupational Disease Legislation. J.J. Bloomfield ana W.li. Oafafcr. Pub. Health Repos., 55, 2033-2041 (October.17, 1941). This is an attempt to emphasize some of the responsibilities and opportunities confronting public health administrators in the development, enactment and ad ministration of occupational disease legislation. These are discussed and an example of* certain procedures given by citing the Utah Study. Here, the results helped materially tc establish the nature and extent of the industrial health problem in that State, furnishing basic information to the Occupational Disease Commission on which to formulate a comprehensive compensation law for occupa tional diseases. The study also provided data on which to base a permanent industrial hygiene program, which is now in progress. 320 The Industrial Medical Department: Quarters and Equipment. Co'moil on Indus trial Health. J.A.li.A. 117, 34-35 (July 5, 1941). Floor plans are presented for four rather elaborate industrial medical depart ments. For as little as $150, a smaller one can be designed and equipped, but a more satisfactory result is obtained for $350. The general requirements are outlined and a check list of equipment shown. 30 4 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 1C. 221 Res-irctorv Infections -- Their Centre! in Industry. H.Ii. Hall. Ir.d.Hsc., 12 , 375-273 vleptenoer, 1941). J.esuirutory diseases ere the first concern of the industrial physician. Thoy ruay'bo controlled not only through education, and early detection, through rericdic physical examinations, but also through the .xaployment of "routine epidemiologic procedures"; in other words, by encouraging the use of single service paper cup3 and utensils, or of thoroughly sanitized glass and sabiov.-are in oil eating places patronized by workers, inside as v;oll as outside the "lane area, to blech the route of travel of respiratory diseases. 322 The Industrial Medical Service of the Standard Oil Comcany cf How Jersey and Affiligree uomunnies. .uionvzicus, '.A.w.A., 117, 542-543 (August 15, 1*41, The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey has maintained a medical service for employees all over the world for 23 years. One hundred nine full tire pays are employed, and, in th tropics, operates '22 hospitals with 1041 beds, a no service renders care to j.36,344 employees. Placement and periodic physical oRinations are emphasized; records arc kept stowing the causes for all disc,k; i j lasting one or more days. Employees in this country average 6.31 days' cis acil ity -a year, significantly lower than that given for the country as a whole. Interesting differences are shown for U.5., European, and tropical employee groups. Sanitation and tropical diseases arc being investigated, and a spe cial study of SCO persons v/ith hypertension is underway. 623 Industrial Health Marches On. C.E. Selby. J.A.M.A., 117, 159-151 (July 19, 19 Morbidity statistics from two large companies shov; that the greater part of los tine is caused by non-industrial accidents and diseases. In one company the ratio of non-industrial to industrial causes is 3GC to 1. High on the list of causes of absence are appendicitis, ncn-occupatienal injuries, gcnitc-urinary diseases, and influenza. Thus the role of the physician in treating workers falls into the field of preventive medicine and public health. 824 Iron Pneumoconiosis in Electric V.'clders. F. Hoclsch. Arch. f. Gowcrbepath., 1C, 519-523 (1941). (Gersaan). Forty welders v;hc worked with plain steel rods were examined. Eighteen showed no dust deposits in the lungs, 19 showed light deposits, 3 had a mere marked effect and one a very definite pneumoconiosis. This last man has been working for seven years. His chest x-ray showed shadows up to the size of a lentil, of moderate density and with sharp borders. There is a tendency in this condition toward bronchitis and irritation of the upper respirator'/ tract. S25 Complicated Intrathoracic Lymph Silicosis, A Compensable Eiso:se According to the German Regulation. J. Hagen. Arch. f. Gcv/orbcpath., 10^, 502-518 (1941). (German). Five cases with more or less severe silicosis, in which complications, s T*'Lr-s with silicotic lymph glands, proved fatal: diverticulum of the esophagus duo zo traction by the shrunken silicotic lymph glands with u break in the lower lobe of the lung, the mediastinum or the main bronchus; perforation of a softened lymph node into the main bronchus; abscesses around the glands at the bifurca tion, with fistula to the esophagus. Cases in which the incrattorocic lymph node glands arc involved ouch as those are compensable without regard to any pulmonary changes. S25 xhainonury Asbestosis. P. oilman. Tree. Hoy. Soo. lied., 34, 557 (July, 1941). This woman worked for a period of one year, thirty-one years ago sewing -\sboes. mattresses. Her sputum still contains asbestosis bodies. She has had dyspnea, lassitude, cough and loss of weight. There is impairment at the base of both lungs, crackling rrd.es c.nd diffuse basol fibrosis, with seme mid-zone ir.vclvemc Digest cf Industrial I-^ygiene - 13 827 Drilli-:T Dust Problems and Their Solution, G. Kildick-3nith. J. Chern. Metal See. So. Africa, 41^, 427-473 IMay, 1S41). Results of a critical study cf the factors involved in dustiness produced by Jackhamer drills in vine work. The long piston machine was found to bo more satisfactory. The standards necessary to ensure that a hammer machine drill cannot in operation produce dust in dangerous quantities (provided it is net doing so by atomisation through the exhaust port) arc that not more than SCO cc./min. of air should pass down the borer and that the velocity through the exhaust port should not exceed 2CC0 f.p.a. 92S affect of Silicic Acid on Phagocytosis. E. Zanetti and L. Piccicli. Mod. del iavoro, 32_, 13-23, 39-45 (1941/. (Italian). Admixture of fine silica dust in tiny doses to blood seems to first diminish and then augment phagocytosis. Dissolved in blood, it increases phagocytosis up to 130$. This increase is brought about by stimulation of the leucocytes which increases either the nuaoer of phagocytoses bacilli or tho number cf phogocytoning leucocytes. 829 Silicosis and Silicosis with Tuberculosis. H.E. Taylor end E. Alexander. Ind. Med., 10, 365-373 (September, 1S41). A report of 16 cases of silieosis and silicosis associated with tuberculosis, together with tut) atypical cases. Of the 16, exposures ranged in length from two to 44 years v.ith an. average duration of 15. A number of industries were represented and a history of the use of a jackhaner, compressed air drill, dynamite or emery wheel -ms obtained in every instance. Four of the 16 had un complicated silicosis whereas the remainder had associated tuberculosis. The article is illustrated by x-rays of all the cases with a brief history. S3C ITltramicrosooaic Examination of Asbestos Dust and Asbestotic Lungs. J, Kuhn. Arch, f. Geworccpath.7 lo, "473-455 (1341). (German). Interesting pictures of different kinds of asbestos and asbestos dust from lung tissue arc presented. Magnifications ere from 10,300 to 29,000 times. Vory small needle-shaped particles up to 6 millimicrons in diameter and 4C0 niilinicrcns in length have been found in the lungs. Those particles seen to bo homebler.de -- serpentine seisms to be dissolved. Filters of respirators do not exclude particles less than 0.2 micron and hence cannot prevent these tiny par ticles from reaching the lungs. 331 Electrolytic Deposition of Lead from Biological Material. K. Bambach and I. ChoJ.ak. Ind. Eng. Chaa., (Anal. Ed.), 13, 304*505 (July 13. 1941). The solution of ashed metcrial is electrolysed directly, without previous separ ation of the lead. Tho electrodes can be washed end other metals can to com pleted, so that the load deposit on the cathode is almost entirely free from other substances. The land can then be determined by the 'use of dithinone, the pciorograph, or by other methods. c3? The Drooping Mercury Electrode for Load Analysis. F.C. Barnes and H.V.'. Speichcr Jour. Ind. Hyg,, 23, 397-407 (October, 1941). The operation of tho dropping mercury electrode is described. Necessary precau tions for tho accurate determination of small quantities of materials end the use cf tho Fisher Tlectropodc for determination of lead are given. Good accurnc .ms attained in the analysis for lead of fines from soldering operations. The time required for such analyses is quite small in comparison to other methods. --Remember the Meeting, Nov. 12-13-- 00 a ( ^ Dices': of Ind'.istrial Hygiene - 14. S33 Foundr"' Dust Control. Part I. Mclcinv. Arcnyzicus. Foundry Safety, Liberty The cunt exposure mcountcrad in -ho molding operations cf most foundries c: be traced to the fvllcv.mg sources: a/ "viaks-t rca.rterr"e'r.',-; -ho rca from adjoining r'aportr.ents. uz,' Dust from operation? other than molding toiny carried on in the *0 *4 > $7 --. *vip (0) Lust Cron poorly kept floors and gangways which is stirred up by foot traffic or -hop transportation. (d) Lust released by miscellaneous nethocs from air settled accumula tions on she? fixtures, storage, building structures, etc. (c) Dusc arising from miscellaneous operations incidental to molding sv.cn as the use of blcv.-cff hose, parting compound, etc. The major consideration to be kept in r.ind whan analyzing a molding exposure is that the actual operation of molding is not dusty and that the problem is oc protect mcldcrs from a dust condition resulting from the miscellaneous inciden tal cr outside oust sources. Dust control, therefore, in the ordinary melding oror. con be summarized us follows*. (1) Where practicable, the molding urea should bo physically separated frem other departments in which dust is produced end is not adcrymtoly controlled. (2) Moldcrs' benches, work stations, etc., should be carefully arranged to minimize as much as possible unnecessary shop fixtures, shelves, racks, etc., which act as dust collectors on which sir floated dust 7.111 settle only tc be thrown back into the air whenever objects on thorn are moved about cr the dust otherwise aioturbed. (3) Parting compound should be of the generally approved type, that is, containing loss than 5>j free silica. ' (4) The use of comprecced air v.itb. blow-off guns or hose in many instances definitely adds to the lust contamination in 0. molding let:.rtaeat. The air blast in addition tc picking up dust by its actual use else in "scouring" nearby accumulations sets additional dust free. Seme relief can be obtained by reducing the pressure available by measuring Gists in the individual hose lines cr by reduced pressure lines. Vaccina systems are also a possibility in sene instances v.-lisrc a relatively large amount of material is being handled, such as in cleaning cf large dry sand molds before closing, etc. (5) Floors and gangways should be* kept aa free cf dry, dusty coverings as possible. (e) Hard surfaced floors {concrete, wood block, etc.) should be gleaned frequently tc prevent ths building up of a dry coating which is easily "scuffed up." Sv;ooping end cleaning of fleers should preferably be done outside of regular working hours. {b} Sand floors should be tempered frequently to reduce dryness of surface. Floors, gangways, etc., bov.-evcr, maybe sprinkled as recyaired during -erking hours to maintain then in good condition. i34 Determination cf Lead in Diolc.cical doterial. A, iiixcd Color Djthizcne Method. F.L. iCcsolka ana i.F. klucr.claa.ln.j.Dhe-i., (Anal. ud.) 13, 402-- (July lu, 1941}. This method eliminates the necessity cf removing the excess dithizcr.c cr prepar ing standard dithizone solutions. Consistent recoveries of 1 yama cf 1-cd iro obtainable. The material is acid ashed and treated with sulfurous acid, tc re duce the iron and oxidize the tin which ..cold otherwise cause interfercnco. r* m r Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 13 635 An Electrostatic Method for Collecting Sector!' Berry. *HTeaita Aepts., 56, 2C44-2Cc.i (Dctcber 17, The electrostati.c.....m. ..e..t.h..o..d. ...h..a. .s...b..e...e..n. ...a..p...p..l.i.e.-.. tie Hollaender-DallaValle "Funnel cev;ic--c I? ior t*h>e, bacsericlogic examination of sir. Pertinent structural chances in the 'funnel device" for the application of the electrostatic method are given in detail. A greater relative campling efficiency is shown by the new arrange ment. In cn appendix, the author makes suggestions for the adaptation of both current and suction in a portable form by utilising the Mine Safety Appliances Company's electrostatic precipitator. 36 leucopenia in Ncrro Vforlcr.en. V/.K. Forbes and others. Am.I.Med.S 4C7-412 (March, 1941). Leuccpenia was shown by healthy Negro share croppers in Mississippi although v:hitc sharecroppers in the same district, living a similar life, shewed normal values. The average number of leucocytes among the Negroes was 4830 per cu. mm., while that of the white men v;as 760C. The Negroes' rod blood cell count and oxygen carrying capacity wns slightly lower than normal. The two groups' diets were nearly the same. A group of 13 Negroes was split into three divisions having average leucocyte counts of 3440, 3300 ..nd 3290 each. The first served as control, the second received iron, and the last iron and liver extract. 3y the fifth day of medication, the white cell count of tho latter groups had in creased on an average of 62# and 39# and cn the 16th day, these percentages were practically the same. One man in each group of six showed no rise. The authors find no explanation for tho difference between the Negroes and whites: either low leucocyte counts arc normal for these people cr the iron mace up for a deficiency in their diet. One Negro (with a 4000 leucocyte count) was taken tc Boston but shewed no blood change there, despite change of climate, diet, etc. Two white persons in 3oston, having persistent low 'white cell counts shewed ns response to iron therapy. Of the Negroes studied, 75# hnd malaria; figures cn this disease are not given for the white men examined. 837 Vital Capacity of the Lungs in Middle Age. Results of Periodical Examinations of Men cf Sedentary Occupation. J.il. Arnett. Arch. Int. Med., S, 1129-1151 (June, 1941). ` During annual physical examinations o? men of sedentary occupation ranging in age fren 31 to 50 at the first examination, vital capacity measurements were made. This group showed a greater standard deviation than did a {group of college students. If a loss of 250 cc. is taker, -as a rough criterion to be expected in early tuberculosis, this tost -would bo reliable for only 54 of the ICO -working men, contrastod with 63 cf the 100 students. The older non averaged a less of 33.7 ec., the students gained 66.9 cc. per yoar. The periodic test is "n usofttt-diagnostic procedure, providing its potentialities and .limitations are understand*" 838 Car,lucrative Value of Roentsan-Photogranhic Methods. R.E. Plunkett and others. An. J. Pub. Health, 5^, 772-776 (September, 1941). The resales of this study show that by using 4x5 in. film, 9S.3 per cent of all cases of clinically significant tuberculosis would have been found while by using the 25 mm., only 91.o per cent of tho cases would have been diagnosed. In the case of minimal lesions, the 4x5 in. films were accurate in 96.91', and the 35 nn. in 22.61. Both were 100 1 accurate in diagnosing moderately advanced and far advanced cases. Stereoscopic 4x5 in. films should enhance the 7?:iuc of small films for screening without appreciably increasing the cost. Technics to pi'ovide 35 mm. storoscopic films have also been developed. ---Foundation* s Cixth Annual Meeting: Pitt sburgh, Nov. 12-13-- o o~. Mgest of Industrie tlCUC - io. 333 Prethylaxis .-gainst Lethal Effect cf High Altitude by --.cans of 11-italic Gl^/co_side (ut 1."s_ ir..' . "i 13Cr.er .'ui. .isart ; ., 21, e-- 5-o 5u (uwy, l^'t-i./ * t.;oen niice wore given dose? cf Litalin, 5 to 10 gonna per gram intraperitcneally, a hi^h prophylactic effect -./as acted against the severe, acute anoxemia produced by lev: aonosphen: pressures corresponding tc altitudes cf 20,000 to 24,000 ?,,et, The protection is at its height for a period of 13 to 30 lours after injection. The protection afforded increases with the altitude, and roaches nearly 9C-. at +1 A S' ,* Q 4* ^ N *. 34-0 'Veil's -iset.ee, o mG?or* 51 coocg Cccurri^^ in Puerto ?.ico and the cnitod St toes. v.... Larson. Pub.Health Septs., oc, 1650-1556 (August 15, 1341;. The occurrence of 'Veilr3 disease is mere common in this country than is supposed, A review cf the literature shows only 27 fully described cases and 20 presur.p- tivo casco here . The author adas 51, cf which 33 arebasea on clinical end laboratory data and 7 on laboratory findings-only -- these seven were cnicter- ic the blood contained specific anti-bodios but there had been no jaundice. S41 Zsidcniclo-rv end Laboratory Lio-nosis of Infectious faundioe (V-eil's Disease) . J.iA hclnc-r and J.^. Kasper. A;i. f. Pub. Health., 31, 945-950 (September, 1341;. A wet environment favors the propagation cf Leptospira so that the incidence of leptospirosis is more prevalent among minors, bargemen, garbage workers, abattoir workers, soldiers in trenches, and rice field workers. Six cases, three of which proved fatal, were encountered among poultry workers. Laboratory prccoduros to aid in the diagnosis of this disease are discussed in detail. 542 Ohio Occupational Disease Record. Ohio Ind. Coen. Monitor, 14, 119 (August,1341). A summary cf the occupational disease claims filed during the year 1940 shows an increase over the preceding year, the total number cf claims filed being 1,976, making an increase of 253 claims. This increase seems to have been due largely to two causes, dermatitis and silicosis. It is al30 probable that many cf the new claims were filed because of the recent emendment to the la?; which became effective May 25, 1939, making all occupational diseases compensable. It should be noted, however, that these figures are based upon claims filed and net upon those actually found compensable after investigation .'ind a hearing by the Ccmission. Luring the year, on analysis by Medical Investigator Dr. h'.Z. Cbet2 shows, 1,210 claims were filed for some form cf skin disease; this was .an increase cf 149 claims over the previous year, V.'non classified according to the probable cause as shown by the application, it is found that 36 were due to oils, 207 to cutting compounds, 446 tc some form of industrial dust, 439 to liquids, 2C to chemical ftmos and vapors, 37 to chrcmim compounds, and the remaining 25 to miscellaneous causes. Skin diseases are prevalent throughout the year but seen to bejsost numerous after the month of May, continuing through the summer and fall seasons. As indicated above, most cf these cases are due to contact with scme^lrrituting substance, such as plating solutions, chemicals, -washing powders, soaps, oils, cutting compounds etc. The prevention of skin irritation is best accomplished by protecting the skin in avoiding such contacts and proper cleansing to remove these irritating substances before skin inflammation develops. Luring the year, 71 cases cf lead poisoning -were reported, or a reduction cf 11 claims cv>,r the preceding year. As usual, lead poisoning seems to be due largely to the inhalation of lead dust or vapors or the ingestion of lead with food or from the hands which have not been properly cleaned. Care should be taken tc avoid these lead hazards since it is known that exposure to excessive amounts of lead is almost certain to result in lead poisoning if continued ex posure persists. Tenosynovitis, -which is an inflammation of the tendons espe cially cf the wrists and forearms was reported in 147 claims, and bursitis, . ccmmcniy called "housemaid* s knee" -was reported in 49 clcims. Luring the C: n ; J <o . * Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 17. year, 226 claims were filed for silicosis but it is possible that a number cf claims 'which were placed in other classifications, such as tuberculosis cr bronchitis, nay have been found to be silicosis upon investigation. In addi tion to the above claims which constitute the classifications in which the larg est numbers v;ero filed, a group of 25 claims v/ere found due to miscellaneous exposure as fellows: benzol or its derivatives 6; brass cr zinc 2; volatile petroleum products 5; sulphur dioxide, potsssiin cyanide, carbon dioxide, mer cury, 1 each, with 8 cleans attributed to contact with miscellaneous chemical ecmaeunds. From the standpoint cf prolonged disability curd fatalities sili cosis is by far the most important of all occupational diseases. Many claims now being filed ire the result of years of exposure to dust hazards which exist ed prior to the enactment of the law naming silicosis compensable. It is './ell known, however, that dust containing high percentages of silica is the chief cause of silicosis and for this reason every effort should be made to eliminate dust hazards, especially those with a high silica content. Curing the past year all claims in which silicosis is thought to exist have been investigated. Har.y plants have been inspected and recommendations nodo for the installation of dust controlling equipment. It is believed that a continuation of these investiga tions together with the cooperation of employers in eliminating dust hazards vail result in a narked reduction cf the number of claims filed fer silicosis thereby preventing much sickness and death from silicosis and tuberculosis. 843 Study of Absenteeism in a Kat Manufacturing Plant. L.G. Simon and C. Byington. Ind.'Idedl ,~10, 320-321 (August1941). A study cf absences cf three days or over and under 56 days in a group of 2200 employees of a hat manufacturing plant. The period studied was from Hay, 1040 to Hay, 1941. The total number cf workers absent was 520; of these, 497 ;vc-rc male end 323 female (no data as to population by sexes are given). The average annual number of days lost per worker was 12.7. This is interesting in view of lcv/er figures based cn longer absences. 844 Frequency of Disabling Morbidity cy Cause, and Duration, Among Hale and Female Industrial Workers Purina 1940, end by Cause Among Holes Purina the First Quarter of 1941. >;.!. Gafafor. rub. Health kepts., 5*3, 1548-1352 (September 12, 1041). In a comparison of the frequencies for males during 1940 with the corresponding frequencies for 1330-1939 the following differences arc of interest: the 21 per coax increase in bronchitis, the 38 per coat increase in pneumonia, and the 22 per cent increase in appendicitis. A comparison of the frequencies for fannies ' fer the same time periods shows evsr a 50 per cent decrease for diseases of the stomach, except cancer. Although the total frequency for 1940, 1939, or 1935-39 is from 60 to 70 per cent greater among the females than among the males, there are certain causes and cause groups that show for each of the 3 time periods lower rates among the females; these are pneumonia, diseases cf the stomach ex cept cancer, hernia, diseases of the heerx, and rheunutirz. The morbidity ex perience among males fer the first ouarxer of 1941 compared v.lth the correspond ing period for 1340 and 1939 shows an increase of 3C per cent in 1941 for in fluenza and grippe, being sufficiently largo to indicate an epidemic. 245 Disabling Morbidity Arena Industrial V.'c-rkcrs, Second Quart cr cf 1941, V.lth a ifc-tc on the Occurrence cf Pnexmcnia Amena Iron and Steel Varners, .. .1.. Gofafor kub. Health P.epts., 5.8, 2052-2053 (Octecer 17, 19*i). V'hilc the frequencies fer all sickness show no sensible changes for the second r n : j r. r digest ji' Industrial Hygiene - 13. epidemic cf the first quarter of 1341, and pne'Xior.ia. The frequency of pneu monia per lO^C iron and steel we risers for the second quarter has increases from 3.4 in 1979 to 3.8 ir. 1940, and to 5.7 in 1041, while the corresponding frequen cies f :r '-orhoro not engaged in this v:crh shew a tendency to decrease, as follows, 3.1 to 3.0 to 2,0. Factors in these charges ray he attributable to the lsr;jo influx of r.cw employees, the population change far the second quarter 1940 and 1041 representing an increase cf over " ~C. < ~-> i --'.n aantva' sto: groups reporting; arena orders not employed in those industries, ;ne corresponding population change represents a decrease cf 4f;. German''. F.c.gulattcn of the Hir.icter cf Labor Bc^ardir.a Cor.neneable Oceurttional ,1 aCvliCfi ~H^ichsgesunahoitsbl., 15,, 494-203 (1940;. (Goinanj. Leaflets have been prepared v.lth the help of nodical inspectors of factories giving the nest important clinical symptoms end laboratory findings of occupa tional diseases in such a v:ny as to be very useful to the practitioner. In addition to the usual poisonings, there aro described compensable occupational diseases corresponding to the schedule la'.; of December, 1932; carcinoma, derma titis, danger to bones and joints by use cf pneumatic tools, pneixionia caused by Thomas slag, deafness caused by noise, etc. 847 The necessity of Including Silicosis ir. Compensable Ocounaticnal Diseases. G. Panchcri. lied, aci lavero., 32, 52-62 (1941;. (Italian). 2r.pho.sis is placed on the frequency of silicosis in Italy and the experience of other countries in noising this disease compensable. The author urges that it be included in the schedule of compensable diseases in Italy. 848 Frequency and Course of Minors1 Nystagmus Observed Over a Lena Period of Time, J. Ohm. " 2-raofos Arch. Cpthai., 141, 624- 922 (1940). (German). An attempt is made to draw physiological conclusions from the author's theories on miner's r.ystagnus. One important statement is made, namely, that recovery from nystagmus after censing all v;orh for cnc-half year is complete in about two years. In serious cases, in which nysta^psus has existed for 3 or more years, a retrogression finally begins, as evidenced by decreasing amplitude and increas ing frequency. 849 Harmful Substances Cause Disability in 2747 Cooes in 1940. N.Y. State Dept, of Labor, Indust. Bull., h0_, 167-128 (June, 1941). In New York State, compensation wao paid for STD accidental injuries and 1773 cases of occupational disease amounting to 2859,342, an increase of 15ever 1935. There were 320 cases of dermatitis; 336 cases of disability due to ccn- 11467 v.'aj'the aiverige paid for 16 cases of carbon monoxide poisoning, 81112 for 85 cases of leaidd poisoning, and 82032 for 64 cases of silicosis and other dust diseases. S20 Anthrax of the Hidne* Clin: Ercole and .1. Fort. Anal, de Cirugia. :-;62- 29 7 (September, 1940;. P.cnnl ant liras is more frequent than is believed. The diagnosis is boot arrived at by pyelography, which reveals the tumor or abnormalities in tho renal peivi. and renal caliceo or displacement of tha structures by compression. The treat ment consists of either partial or complete nephrectomy or enucleation of the tumor. Nephrectomy is indicated when the tumor occupies a considerable pertio: of the renal parenchyma or is situated centrally. --Annual Meeting - Nov. 12 and 13-- r* a j ^ Digest cf Industrial Hygiene - IQ. .= 51 Sywrosiun tn Anthrax. Dept. cf Health, Cerr., cf renr.a. pp. 45. { Apr: This bulletin contains papers vlich v;ere presented at a syr.pooio :a on hell on D'cveffider 13, 154C at the Philadelphia County hleuicul Sec iety Build r.< Amcr.g the subjects presented v/ere: An Tpidariieioyieal Study of Anthrax in Philadelphia, by hm. 3. Pulton and others. A Twenty Year Surrey cf Anthrax in the U. S. by Henry Field Synth. The Treatment cf Anthrax. by Pascal F. Lucchesi and Nathaniel Gilderslceve. Anthrax in the Fur-Felt Industry, by Ivor Griffith. The Enforcement Problem, by Harry Israel. Discussion. - by 0. F. Hodlcy. S52 Caisson Disease, A Studv Based on Three Hundred Cases Observed at the Cue lidtewn Tunnel Pro A 1936. I.J. Thorne. J.A.A.A. , 117, 533-03:; (Aug. 23, i:4l! Of these 300 cases, symptoms appeared in 95a within 2 hours. All but 6 of t 30 non who suffered vertigo had accompanying symptoms such as vomiting, nyst agmus, tinnitio, etc. Casos presenting neurological symptoms are the most serious us permanent injury often ensues. Of 25 cases of nervous system involvement in this series, ail recovered but one who was paralyzed in both legs. Diffcron iai diagnosis is simple if the v/erker is conscious end c*vn describe his work or if he is v.-earing his identification tag. If these clues are absent, however, t condition nay be difficult to differentiate from drunkenness, acute abdemine trouble, etc. Choice of men, prompt rcccr.prcssion at the first sign of treu hue, the use of oxygen or oxygen and helien and exercise are chief factors in pro veution. No fatal cases resulted from working on this project. 353 Influence on the Circulation of Man of Breathing Through Gas Masks. H. Hcfcr. Ca ciogica, _6, 331-350 (1940,1. A review of the literature and a discussion on the effects of gas maths on res piration and the heart. The author reports on his own investigations on 42 men and S women, ranging in egc from 16 to 53 years. Breathing through a gas mask involves a bodily overloading and the borderline cf efficiency is reached more quickly. Changes of pulse rate, blcod pressure wake it possible for latent in jury, such Q3 coronary illness, to become manifest suddenly.. No specific effoc cn the circulatory system could bo detected. 634 A Simple Optical 'Appliance for Use with ^estimators. ?. Hinnont. Brit. J. Cphth., Ztk la-124~(?Iarcii. 1941). " ~~ A discussion of the difficulties experienced -with the usual procedures fer adaping spectacles to the common breathing mask. This article describes a rPii * - -- -- which has been devised to wear outside the mask eyepiece. The advantages : device are discussed. S33 Fcorcmical .Air Velocities for Mechanic-?. .Air Filtration. 7.2. Rowley wnd H. Jordan. Heating, Piping and Air Cord., 13, 324-029 (August, 1941). A discussion of the relationship between filter resistance >:nd air velocity. The faco air velocity chosen in the operation of a filter has a marked the life and dust-holding capacity. Equations between the yearly cost fcctcr and air velocity. The method by which the optimum filter velocity is obtains is analyzed. r Digest of Industr id Hygiene - 20 356 Defense 7.fork of Industrial Hygiene In.-jr.oeri: uni' J .-I, allS . .1,1, State Labor Dept., Ir.o. 3uii., 20, 22? (.uugust, 1941;. Many new problems have been created. A large variety of new processes and no inf ermnticn. 13 avail able reran dmr m, or J/G 3 si tie me hods for their cor.tr: It is necessary from tine *udy ? * v osed cent rcl n etheds in oxper mental form end apply the knowledge hue gr: incd to the probl cm at hand realization by defense industries th: speed of prod ucti on de conus cn p effective control cf industrial deal' : hazords v.lll help cons idcrabiy i n m.c_\ progress possible. 857 Ventilation cf Platin'? Tories. A.D. 3randt. Heating, Piping and Ai A T- t- > 434-433 (July, 1941}. A study of the velocities of a plating tank 6' x 2f showed that the velocity -t the centerline varied as the v;idth to the 1/2 power. An equation for this is given. For double slot hoods, the velocity variation se.ums to be essentially the same, i.e., as the width to the 1/2 power. Also discussed is the control of extraneous air currents by the use of a double hood. 353 Correction of Malnutrition amen;; Industrial Workers. V.?. Sydenstricker. Miltank Fund Annual Conference. Pm..?.Pub.Health, 31^, 977-933 (September, 1941). The nutritive system is labile, reacting readily to numerous adverse factors. Of those, insufficient or improper diet is the commonest* In tir.es of plenty, the national diet is net exemplary* Luring economic depression, it is much in ferior and presents a real problem* As the call goes out for the unemployed to return to the rank3 of labor, many will show the effects of prolonged dietary deprivation and periodic illness. It v.lll be imperative that they be returned to full efficiency as soon as possible. 859 The Effect of Trauma with Relation to Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Pernicious Anemia, and P.elatod Conditions. A.a. Terry, Ir.d. Lied., 10^ 334-337 (August, 1941). For the purpose of illustration, trauma is overemphasized as a cause of these diseases -- at most, it is only the initiating factor, the predisposing factors being hereditary, habits, etc.; the real cause, the pneumococcus, streptococcus and tubercle bacillus and company, plus the X -or "P.A." factor in pernicious anemia -- but trauma can administer the coup dc grace. 8 69 affects of Crowded Housing TJucn Health. K.H. Britten. Lab. Inform. Bull., 3_, 5-5 (Joiy, 1941). The pneumonia frequency rate, among others, va: found to be SO# higher for re lief families with more than 1-1/2 persons per rocm than for those with 1 person or less per room. The rate for low incone, non-relief families in congested house was 45# greater than in loos crowded hemes. Influenza rates wore also definite ly higher in those hones and tuberculosis in children was 17C& higher. Common childhooC'disecses struck earlier, aggravating the seriousness cf the disease. Homes without inside flush toilets shewed more cf certain diseases: typhoid fever was twice as common as it was in houses with modern toilet faciiites. 361 Improved Vision in Machine Teel Caerations by Color Contrast. A.A. Brainerd and Li. leaning. Iresentca at Convention of lllumin. Sng. Hoe., Atlanta, Ga., (September, 1941). A beginning study of >in unexplored phase of the problem of providing the bc^t natural seeing conditions indoors. It appears that suitable attention to color contrasts an:: brightness is essential if the best results are to be obtained from any lighting system. The must significant feature which was achieved by this investigation is the three--dimensional effect secured by controlled color con trasts. The work in machines so treated stands out in stereoscopic clearness that cannot be achieved by brightness contrasts alone. ;i53st of Industrial Hygiene - 21 652 Noise la Industry Pharris. Conn. Health Bull., 5_5_, 254-255 (September, 1341 Noise is not tne least important enong the various environmental conditions which do or may adversely affect the health of industrial workers. Too often noise is Inched upon as an indispensable nuisance which must be tolerated. It has beer. found, however, that certain noisy occupations are conducive to hearing impairment. The influence of nciso on the proficiency of wonicers has coca demonstrated vary graphically. For example, as the result of a reduction in the noise lc7cl by 14.5 per cent in a large insurance office, the efficiency level was raised by 8.3 per cent and errors of typists and machine operators wore re duced 29 per cent and 50 per cent respectively. Furthermore, as a result, employee turnover dropped 47 per cent and absenteeism. 37.5 per cent. In another large office the output of workers van increased 12 per cent follcv.lng a reduc tion of the noise level from 75 to 50 decibels. Preventive measures are dis cussed briefly. 862 Causes and Effects of Fatigue Among Interstate Truck Drivers. R.R. Sayers and others. Pub. Health Sulx., No. 265 U.3. Pub. Health Service. For sale by Supt. of Documents, V.'aohiugton, D. C. This report describes the results of a study into the problem of fatigue and hours of work of drivers of ccrimcrcial vehicles operating in interstate ccr.ct.orce The principle purpose was to establish a basis for the regulation of the daily and vreekly hours of drivers. In tests of seven functions, men v:ho had net driven had the highest, men who had driven less than 10 hours the next highest, and men who had driven over ten hours had the lowest average efficiency. The conclusion is rather obvious -- "It appears that a reasonable limitation of hours of service of interstate truck drivers would reduce the number of drivers on the read with low functional efficiency." 864 Effort, Trauma, Occupation and Compensation in Heart Disease. A.11. Master, N.Y. Acad, of Medicine Bulletin 17, 778-79b (October, 1941). The relation of effort, occupation and trauma to heart disease frequently off a difficult problem ana each case must be carefully considered. Symptoms may be due to preexisting pathology and the effort or trauma coincidental. Vet they may aggravate -- effort does not damage a normal heart. The effort is signifi cant if it is unusual and not routine, and if symptoms arise immediately or seen after. The latter is also true of trauma. Those factors, however, play no port in coronary occlusion. Carbon monoxide poisoning occasionally results in damage to the heart, or aggravates a preexisting condition, but it does not lead to coronary occlusion. Most cases of cardiac involvement attributed to carbon monoxide are based on insufficient evidence. 365 Fatigue, Its Effects on Industrial Injuries. Anonymous. Penna. Lab. & lad. Rev., ...p, 93-99 (July, 1941). Industrial accidents that occurred in 1940 in Pennsylvania are summarised. A rise in accidents with the number of hours worked is shown; the tables break it down by different industries. After 3 hours cf work, one peak is reached, another after seven hours, indicating a close relationship to fatigue. By dis covering the best time for rest periods for their particular kind of work, in dustries can profit in the attempt to prevent accidents. 866 Evaluation of Circulatory Function in Extremities. bi.B. Ferderbcr. Ini. Mob., 1^ w*xl--Ok*c (AUgUSt, iU4x) . A comparison was made of the- most common methods of circulatory evaluation for peripheral vascular diseases. The absence of the dorsalis pedis or anterior tibia! pulsation is not indicative of vascular disease, and th-o presence cf a ` ---Remember the Meeting, Nov. 12-13-- 0 0^ i K Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 22. pulsation does act rule out the existence of vascular pathology. The esc:dia metric index of the leg is act markedly altered in arteriosclerosis, and no renal akin temperatures dc not exclude the possibility of vacular disease. The arteriovenous euastcnoscs are offered as an explanation for the variations that normally occur in shin temperatures. The colorimetric method of bleed flov; determination after Stewart, indicates that the volume in patients with voscula: disease averages about two-thirds of that in normal subjects, .`loans cf induc ing reflex saturated air is offered as safe and flexible. Paters on Industrial ?ciec-r.s. Cancer, Dermatitis, etc. 867 Hcnatolocjcal Changes in Aniline Poisoning. C. Scglini. Ucd. del lavero. 32, 29-39 (1941). (Italian). . An extensive review of the material on blood changes in aniline poisoning and a brief report of the author's experience on rabbits, showing that the acid base balance is of little if any importance in this typo of poisoning. 3 68 Late Damage to the Lcueopoctic Sene Marry.? Function by Sonreno and Pyrsr.iccn. P.. Stodtmcistcr. Dtsch/ncd. bchnochr. 67, 263-262 (194l]T (Gorman). Blood disorders caused by benzene may occur several days to weeks after cessa tion of exposure. This reported ease showed nev; exacerbation of the bone marrow one and one-half yours after cessation cf tho exposure. Another case is mention ed in which aplastic anemia developed 10 years after exposure stopped. 869 Low Conccntratiens of Carbon Tetrachloride Capable of Causing Mild Narcosis. H. Keinann and 0.3. Ford. !I.Y. State Dept, of Labor Ind. Bull., 2, 209-210, 225 (July-August, 1941). , It is felt that exposure to carbon tetrachloride in the amounts indicated pro duced both mild narcosis and gastric irritation. It is ?lso felt that the narcosis, as manifested by the feeling of fatigue and the gastric irritation, arc symptoms of toxicity due to tho exposure to carbon tetrachloride in rela tively low concentrations, the average boibg 79 p.p.m. The examined r.er. were required to live relatively abnormal lives due to their occupation, iiiid narcosis is also a liability to the employer as workers so affected arc less efficient and liable to accidental injury. The authors believe the present permissible concentration of IOj p.p.m. too high. 370 'Twenty-Four-Hour Output of Certain Urinary Constituents in Persons Sxncscd to Load Arsenate Serov Residue* 3.K. Wooster, rub. Health Kept., jte, 1910-1919 (ScptcartfctfS;'26, 1941). The avajag56 24-hour urine volume for 177 adults vies nearly 1.3 liters. Large variations in those values were found to occur both between individuals and in identical individuals during different days. Daily calcium and phosphate out puts for ail the individuals studied were within tho normal range. Lead and arsenic outputs were higher among the -orchardists then for the other groups studied. A comparison cf urinary lead concentration Values for different in dividuals when derived from fractional-day sar.piesgc.ve Little information re garding relative daily outputs. Twenty-four-hour specimens gave more complete information regarding individual daily outlets. First morning specimens are satisfactory substitutes, whore it is impossible or impractical to obtain 24-hour specimens. ---Foundation's Sixth Annual riveting: Pitt sfcurgh, JJov. 12-13--- -iS t of Industrial Hygiene - 23. 571 Lead and .Arsenic Inresticn md Excretion in Mar.. S.H. bebster. Pub. Health Repts., 1253-13Co (C-iiy 4, 1941). Report of an investigation to determine the maximal quantities of lead and arsenic ingesteu and excreted daily by orchard!sts eating apples that had been sprayed with lead arsenate. Analyses of the fruit shcv:cd a daily intake of 1-36 mg. load and 0.34-6.S mg. arsenic per person. Daily analyses of urine ar.c feces shcv.'od an output of 22.3 mg. and 2.43 mg. load and arsenic respectively, per man, vlth vide variability in the quantities excreted by different individ uals. S?2 Diurnal Variation of Urinary load Excretion. S.H. Webster. Pub. Health Recto., 36. 1324-1646 (aeptonoer 12, 1941j. The occurrence cf diurnal variation in urinary load excretion is demonstrated - it appears to occur independent of previous exposure of the individual cr the tine of year. A wide daily variation is skovn for urinary lead concentration measurements as well as for the rate of lead excretion (in micrograms per hour) and for the total volume with all of the individuals studied. The total daily urinary outputs were, however, remarkably constant for any one individual. An increase in the rate of 'urine excretion was generally paralleled by an increase in the rate of lead excretion for those specimens whoso specific gravity was greater than 1.010. Marked diuresis was found not to increase greatly tho rate of load excretion nor the total quantity. For a given individual an increase in the mount of urinary phosphorus per sample was usually accompanied by an in crease in the quantity of lead excreted. First morning specimens have been shown, to be representative of the corresponding 24-hour specimens. Fractionalday samples give no measure of tho total daily outputs. Neither the urinary lead concentrations nor the rate of urinary lead excretion can be used as a measure of lead absorption when they are based on short-time measurements. 873 Peripheral Circulatory Disturbances in Chronic Arsenic Poisoning. K.K. Butacngcigcr. Klin, b'chnschr. 19^ 523-527 11940). (Gorman). Among 130 caso3 of chronic arsenic poisoning seen in vineyard workers, there were 15 cases with objective circulatory disturbances in the extremities. Gangrene developed in six. No objective signs were present in 27 other cases beyond sensations of cold in tho hands or feet, permanent or temporary, or blanched or cyanotic fingers or toes, especially in winter* It scorns conclusive that these circulatory disturbances ore a consequence of chronic arsenic poison ing. S74 Contribution to the Problem of Lead rorahyrinuria (Investigation on the tfrine cf Herbivorous Animals). V`. Gabel. Arch. f. exp. Path. u. ream., 195, 365-332 (1940). (German). The authetf concludes that the symptom cf porphyrinuria is of no value in herbi vorous animals. 675 Evaluation of Lead Content of the Liver (Investigations cf Herbivorous Anin 5 Injured br load). Gabel. Arch.f. exp. Path. u.Rhnrnu, 196, 363-358 l1540> (Gorman). Tho avern cunt of lead in the liver increases in summer, decreases in sharply in November and falls luring the winter. 876 The Deposition and Removal of Lead in tho Soft Tissues. (Liver, Kidneys and Spleen). 1. r.Fairhull ana J. .'/.alillcr. Dub. Health Repts., 5c, 1841-1---C , (August 15, 1941). ^ Animals kept on a lead and then lead-free diet shoved decrease of 505 loud in liver and kidneys but increase of 1C//j in bone. Blood calcium values were hig^or in animals after rsx from, lead diet. Examination showed rather severe damage r : A Tigest of Industrial Hygiene - 24. to the renal convoluted tubule cello but this was greatly repaired after a week lead-free period. Regeneration of the spleen was shov;n. c tuev ^ rA ;ive Toxicitv of the Molecular Comrcnents of Lead Arsenate. ,.7. Tairhali and J.L. Miller, rue. Health Roots. , 5, lciC-1525 U-.u-_.uot 5,.541. . An investigation to determine whether the toxicity of lead arsenate wasr <* . - -to the load radical, to the arsenate, or to both. The decreasing order of to:: of the compounds studied was found to bo calcium arsenate, lead arsenate, and lead carbonate. Load compounds seem to damage the kidneys while blood destruc tion was greatest with the calcium and lead arsenates. Using bene deposits as the index, it appears that the arsenate radical either decreases absorption or increases load excretion. 67S "Surgical Glove" Dermatitis. J.5*. Burgess. Car.ad. Med. Assoc. J., 45., 222-213 I September, 1941). ' Three cases of skin disease were traced to rubber gloves. Positive results were given by tests with the gloves, but the reactions v;erc delayed for from 46-72 hours. The author considers the dermatitis to be different from that reported hero previously, in which dcpigmontaticn was seen. V.'hen latc-x gloves were sub stituted, no more trouble occurred. 679 Skin Hazards in Aimlanc Manufacture. L. Schwartz and J.P. Russell. Pub. Health P.epxs., 56., 1531-1593 (August 9, 1941). The process of airplane manufacturing and the skin hazards met in each operation me described. Skin trouble was caused by an oil used for metal coating. Chrom ates, chromic acid and dichrcnates in the anodizing deportment v;cre offenders. In degreasing with trichlorcthylene, the vapors arc- another source of trouble. Dermatitis can be caused by the dopes and paints, welding fluxes, and cutting oils. Recommendations arc given for protective equipment, methods and ointments. 880 Amyl :Titrite, A Method for Ite Quantitative Determination ar.a Some Observations on its Decomposition. R.G. Horswc-li and L. Silverman. Ina. & Ir.j. Chen., ' (Anal. Id.) 13^ 555-558 (August 15, 1941). A method for the quantitative determination of amyl nitrite, adaptable for vapor- air and liquid analysis, is based on the fact that a color is produced when a compound containing an -- OHO radical is combined with phenol and copper sulfate in acid solution. The method will detect amyl nitrite in air within an average deviation of 10. The advantage of this method is that the amyl nitrite vapor can be absorbed directly in the color-producing reagent. This eliminates the need for a separate solvent for amyl nitrite and simplifies the procedure because the reagent from the sampling vessel can be poured directly into a colorimeter tube and .read; v/hen determining unknown concentrations, the development of a color in- the sampling tube indicates that nitrite is present and gages the length oi time required to collect an adequate sample; and although the test does not compare in sensitivity with many of those already described, it has certain advantages for sampling a largo voluzc of vapor at a lev; concentration for long periods. Amyl nitrite has been determined at concentrations of 5, 10, 2'j end ICC p.p.u. Amyl nitrite is stable in air and relatively stable when exposed to artificial light, but deccnoo3C3 within 2 hrs. when oroosed to direct *'-\isht. ` --Annual Meeting - Nov. 12 and 13--- Direst of Industrial Hygiene - 25. ool Sensitivity of the Shin to Fluorescent Light. A.P.H. Jrnes. Arch. Derm. Syptil., 44, Zt'-itl (August, 254li. is.-o young women, one a brunette, developed shin -license on exposure to fluores cent light at their work. ''V; dermatitis was most turned on the eyelids, bu` aooeared also ;n ;hcr parts of the face# The other woman, a blond, was era able to resist the exposure by applying tannic acid solution to the exposed s.: and by veering pci arc id glasses. Ir. vie*., cf the increasing use of this new ty of lighting, it is possible that nev; cases nay be appearing scon. A nsv; tube has been developed which exits additional rod rays. 532 P.adinticn Protection in Forty-Five Hospitals. L.A. Schoclc and D.3. Cowic. J.A.Iu.A., 117, 552-531 (August 23, 1341). Many of the hospitals visited showed inadequate protection from radiation. The radiologists v;ere frequently unaware of conditions in their own establishments. Compliance with the best methods of prevention permitted busy men to >ee? expo sure down to C.02 r a day; carelessness led in some instances to exposure of many persons to more than the o.lr/day considered to be the safe limit. There was ignorance or carelessness in handling radium. Much of the equipment did not afford the protection quoted by tho manufacturer. Twenty per cent of the radiologists showed seme effects of radiation. 833 Ithrlcno Dichloride Poisoning. V/.D. McNally and 0. Fostnect. Ind. Med., 10, 373-274 (September, 1341). Report of two cases of chronic poisoning with ethylene dichloride. All previous ly reported were of acute poisoning, either from ingestion or a four-hour expo sure. Those individuals had been exposed to tho vapors of ethylene bichloride for two and five month periods. They showed signs and symptoms of anorexia, neusoa, vomiting, epigastric distress, drowsiness, tremors, nervousness and nystagmus. What is the rolo of employee health in industrial relations? Are any new health hazards arising in this period of emergency production? V-hat* s nev: in the study of aluminua powder? What are the latest legal trends? What is tho audit of sick absenteeism showing? Tor the answer to these and scores of other pertinent questions in the field cf employee health, plan to attend the Foundation's annual mooting Nov. 12-12. .Mr Sa'.olir.r baccerial 835 `-"I ni"r' *e determination 330 Aniline 367 Anthrax 353, S51 Arsenic ooisoning 373 Asbent o.-:is 336, 330 E enter. 363 Book Notices 791,792,793,794 Caisson Urease 352 Cacacitv. vital as index 837 Carbon Tetrachloride 369 Dermatitis airoaar.e rcar.u- factoring 379 fluorescent light 331 rubber 878 disease, industrial compensable __ signs and sjpspto us '** 847 846 321 alienee, vascular diagnosis Oust control drilling foundry 866 327 333 infix 0 ?4l poisoning 833 tt ati;-;e 063, 865 Filters, air velocity 855 Gas Masks effects cn circulution 853 . Housing 860 ' Illumin? tion 861 Industrial hygiene education 812 in defense 316, S17, 356 history 813 Iron Pneumoconiosis 824 Lead determination 331, 832,334 excretion 370 371,3 72,374,3 7C. S ^6 toxicity 877 Legislation occupational disease 819 Leuccner.ia 836 Medicine. Industrial 814,318,326,3?7,823 Noise 362 Nutrition 853 Nvctnsmvuc. miners 343 339 I** r d ^ ~ * i ^ ~ 882 P.esnir" tors optical fitting 5c; Silicic Acid 323 Silicosis and tuberculosis intrathoracic 329 325 Statistics absenteeism morbidity and nor- 343 talitv 344 occupational 345 disease claims 342 349 Trauma in heart disease e^c/ u Tuberculosis 315 Ventilation plating tanks o5 < Teil'r disease 340, 841 X-Rav comparison of methods OX'S 0 V-