Document ZnpJa4KX81NMqX1Mrop6grnqd

-fr -A *.> COPYRIGHT 1953, HOPPERS COMPANY, INC. 1'L-Aimu'l' a *AXlil>li m m m m PIPE LINE HANDBOOK . . . FOR THE ASSISTANCE OF PIPE LINE ENGINEERS AND CONTRACTORS .1 securing the most effective selection and application of protective .eatings for gas and oil (crude and products) pipe hues. . . . FOR THE GENERAL INFORMATION OF anyone '.vho may be interested directly or indirectly m the construction and protection of pipe lines. J REGISTERED TRADE-MARK BIIUMASIIO*1 ONLY KOPPERS MANUFACTURES BITUMASTIC PRIMING SOLUTIONS AND ENAMEL5 IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA kh*J DIFFERENT TYPES OF PIPE LINE PROTECTION IN USE TODAY Ft .ir.e traveling machine application in the field, me conic-mat inn > -aring ty..;: trials generally used today are as follows: 1. SINGLE-COAT, SINGLE-WRAP 2. SINGLE-COAT, DOUBLE-WRAP Approximately 90% o{the pipe coating combina tions currently applied by line traveling machines are of the `'single-coat" types, since they provide adequate protection for all conditions except those of extraordinary severity. 3. DOUBLE-COAT, DOUBLE-WRAP The double-coat, double-wrap systems, as a rule, arc used only when exceptionally severe condi tions are encountered in the handling and burial of the pipe ... for example, situations in which backfill contains a good deal of rock or <or river crossings. 10 I SECTION PRESENT-DAY METHODS B FOR PROTECTING PIPE LINES I I PRESENT-DAY METHODS FOR J PROTECTING PIPE LINES I j BY THE LINE TRAVELING MACHINE METHOD j i Modern methods of applying protective coatings to pipe for underground service represent a great advance from the techniques used in the early i days of pipe line construction. The early methods were by no means ineffective. In fact, Bitumastic j Enamel Coatings, applied to pipe by the "granny-rag," dauber, or sling (without wrappers) more than thirty-five years ago, are still providing 3 effectual protection against corrosion. Relatively crude and incomplete as these early installations were in comparison with modern pipe line 3 protection, they provide evidence of the high and inherent protective capacity of Bitumastic Enamels. And Bitumastic Enamels themselves 3 have, of course, been greatly improved over the past quarter century. As the drawings on the opposite page indicate, the basic elements in 3 modern pipe line protection are . . . j 3 THOROUGH CLEANING THE ENAMEL COATING OF THE In the pipe protection system, the enamel is 3 BARE PIPE the principal element of resistance to the attacks J Permanent effective pipe line protection de mands that the protective coatings be firmly of underground corrosive agents. Bitumastic Enamels, inherently resistant to water, electro 3 and continuously bonded to the pipe metal itself. In other words, the coatings must be chemical action and electrolysis, provide an im pervious protective skin or barrier around the 3 applied to pipe surfaces that have been thor oughly cleaned. A positive, continuous and pipe, effectively shielding the steel from the metaldestroying action of soil water and soil chemicals. permanent bond cannot be made to foreign matter such as rust, welding scale, dirt, dust Another important advantage of Bitumastic En amels is that they can be applied to a thickness i or moisture. of approximately 5^" in a single coat. 3 THE PRIMER THE WRAPPING (and what it doe*) The primary purpose of the wrapping is to 3 The function of the primer is to provide protect the Enamel from mechanical damage maximum adhesion between the pipe surface during and following the installation of the coated 3 and the protective system as a whole. pipe underground. In order to function properly Bitumastic Primers are formulated and proc as a shield or reinforcement, the wrapper (or 1 essed to adhere tenaciously to the steel and, at wrappers if two are used) must be made of the same time, to provide a compatible and materials highly resistant to deterioration through 3 highly adhesive base for Bitumastic Enamels contact with soil, water and chemicals. Because applied over them. of their exceptional inertness to water and 3 Bitumastic Primers are also designed for rapid chemicals, coal-tar-saturated asbestos felt and/or drying and time-saving between priming and glass wrap are generally used as wrapping enameling. materials in present-day protective systems. i 11 i THE LINE TRAVELING COATING The coating and wrapping operation (illustrated here) follows the cleaning and priming operation after a suitable interval. This interval will usually be within the range of 1 to 120 hours. Insufficiently dried Primer will not provide maximum adhesion with the Enamel coating. On the other hand, over-dried or "dead" Primer will lose its adhesive capacity. When the temperature is warm and the weather is clear, a few hours' drying is satisfactory. For practical tests to determine proper dryness see pages 79, 93 and 94. o SECTION D THE LINE TRAVELING COATINl AND WRAPPING OPERATION AND WRAPPING OPERATION 1. THE COATING AND WRAPPING MACHINE moves forward along the primed pipe, apply ing the Bitumastic Enamel and wraps as it travels. 2. THOROUGH REMOVAL OF DUST from the dry Primer is necessary to insure proper adhesion to the Enamel. 3. THE "HOOSIER POLE" keeps the machine in vertical balance. 4. A PAIR OF SIDE-BOOM TRACTORS is gen erally used to lift and support the primed pipe for the passage of the coating and wrap ping machine. Moving support is provided by roller cradles controlled by block and tackle from the booms. Care is exercised to minimize damage to the Primer. 3. THE HEATING KETTLE containing the Enamel heated to proper application tem perature and carrying a supply of rolled wraps, is drawn by the rear tractor. Enamel is fed from the kettle to the machine through a special flexible metal hose. 6. ELECTRICAL INSPECTION. An operator equipped with an electrical "holiday de tector" follows the coating and wrapping machine. This electrical device (as its name indicates) detects "holidays" or defective spots in the protective coatings. For recom mended voltages see pages 83, 98 and 99. 7. SKIDDING. The coated and wrapped pipe is not permitted to rest on the ground while the Enamel is still hot. It is supported on skids and remains on the skids until the Enamel is cool and the pipe is lowered into the ditch. 8. IN HOT WEATHER, particularly, it is de sirable to use sand bags or padded skids to prevent sharp edges of bare skids from cut ting into the Enamel and wrap before the Enamel cools. 9. "TOUCH-UP MEN"fol!owing the coating and wrapping machine make all necessary re pairs of missed spots indicated by the "holiday detector" or caused by mechanical damage to the coatings. 10. A SUPPLY TRUCK carries all necessary tools and materials for the handling of the repair work ... as well as other supplies and materials utilized in the coating and wrap ping operation. 29 LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL PIPE COATI^* ' This d: igrnrri illustrates the layout and flow of operations In -s pipe c: nv.ng and wrapping factory. Although these plants differ somewhat r. irrangement and types f equipment, they all have facilities for thnrvyiiv completing each of the steps in pipe protection. Topical :ra . Ant rtachincrv is shown in the diagram and l'iustr' ior.s .'nl'-w.ng 1, STORAGE FACILITIES Pipe coating and wrapping factories usually in clude ex--nsive yard facilities for the outdoor storage of hare pipe in the range of sizes required in the construction of gathering, transmission and dir.r.huticn lines. They also have storage areas iW.rh 'indoors and outdoors) for coated and wrapped pipe. As an extra service to their customers, some factories store bare pipe for several months, pending completion of construction plans. Typical Storage Facilities 1. PRE-HEATING The bare pipe is transferred from the storage area to a pre-heating area (shown in the center background of picture below). Pre-heating perft-rms two important functions. Incoming pipe, passing through the warming area, loses all surface moisture that might slow up or be detri mental to the cleaning and priming processes. And pre-heating warms the pipe to the most appropriate temperatures for efficient cleaning end priming. Pre-heating  rf= LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL mPE COATING AND WRAPPING FACTORY iWD WRAPPING FACTORY i continued on r. page) 3. CLEANING 4. PRIMING The warm. !rv pipe passes from the warming The priming unit in a coating factory consists f urea into "he r'.raning unit. The cleaning process apparatus tor spraying, or brushing, dry and thor fas emphasized in connection with the ,, uhn? oughly cleaned pipe with Primer. of pipe in the held) is vitally import.,:-.' :o Mechanical agitators are used to uniformly r.v\- effective protection. Primers cannot he posit:-/-, iy the Bitumastic Primers in the drums in which and permanent!;/ bonded to bare pipe ;ron they arc received. The thoroughly mixed Pnrr.-r which loose rust, scale, dirt, oil, grease or other '.s then transferred from the drums to pressure surface contaminants have not been completely tanks. These tanks are equipped with mechanical removed. agitators to maintain constant uniformity of The cleaning unit may be any one of several Primer during application. Bitumastic Primers or basic types of cleaning apparatus. The cleaning Priming Solutions are formulated and furnished operation may be done by rotary blasting with in proper consistencies for application by spray steel grit, rotary blasting with steel shot, air ing. Consequently, an adjustment of consistency pressure grit, shot or sand-blasting, mechanical by the addition of thinners is rare!y made. cleaning with rotary wire brushes, flame clean Spray equipment is properly designed and ing, manual cleaning with scrapers or solvents, adjusted to apply Bitumastic Primers as received or combinations of these methods. without thinning. Special filters are incorporated Generally, blasting is regarded as the most in the compressed air system to remove all effective cleaning process. The sharp edges of moisture and oil from the air. 1 the abrasive provide a cutting action that effec Brush applications are made by mechanically tively cleans away all contaminants and leaves rotated priming heads. Instead of using horse a roughened pipe surface. The roughened surface hair or bristle brushes, these heads are equipped provides an excellent mechanical key tor the with two bands or "rugs" cut from high nap priming coat that is applied immediately fol carpet. The "rugs" are adjusted to the correct I lowing cleaning. tension, then saturated with the proper amount Because of various job conditions, no state of Bitumastic Primer. The revolving "rugs" ments or illustrations in this Handbook should brush on the Primer very evenly. A steady, be regarded as expressing a preference for any adjusted stream of Primer is applied to the top specific method of cleaning or type of cleaning of the pipe a few inches ahead of the rotary equipment. priming heads. The pipe line engineer, realizing the vital Any accumulations of excess Primer at the necessity for thorough cleaning of pipe before base of welds is brushed out by hand after the coating, will look to his Coating Applicator to pipe has passed through the priming machine. i provide the most appropriate cleaning method Thin or missed spots are also covered by hand- for specific coating jobs. brushing with bristle brushes. Cleaning Machine Priming Equipment 1 PLANT-COATID (P C) SITU MASTIC SPECIFICATION NUMB'S SINGLE COAT AND DOUBLE WRAP FELT) BITUMASTIC ENAMEL BITUMASTIC (approximately -'.'32 ) KRAFT WRAP SINGLE COAT AND DOUBLE WRAP (GLASS) DOUBLE COAT AND DOUBLE WRAP (FELT) DOUBLE COAT AND DOUBLE WRAP (GLASS) DOUBLE COAT ANO TRIPLE WRAP (FELT) T ** BITUMASTIC CLEAN PRIMER PIPE BITUMASTIC ENAMEL BITUMASTIC CLEAN PRIMER PIPE BITUMASTIC ENAMEL BITUMASTIC ENAMEL (approximately %i") Jr KRAFT WRAP 'T BITUMASTIC BITUMASTIC ENAMEL GLASS FIBER WRAP BITUMASTIC ENAMEL KRAFT WRAP CLEAN pR'MER PIPE " Tmh e BITUMAST,C ASBESTOS FELT WRAP BITUMASTIC ENAMEL ASBESTOS FELT WRAP KRAFT WRAP CLEAN PIPE DOUBLE COAT ANtt- TRIPLI WRAP (GLASS) DOUBLE COAT AND TRIPLE WRAP (GLASS A FELT) * T BITUMASTIC CLEAN PR,MER * BITUMASTIC ENAMEL PIPE ^' BITUMASTIC ENAMEL T BITUMASTIC PRIMER CLEAN PIPE BITUMASTIC ENAMB. ASBESTOS FELT WRAP KRAFT WRAP FstcncN BITUMASTIC PI.ANT.COATED PIPE SPECIFICATIONS H? BITUMASTIC PLANT-COATED FIFE SPECIFICAT1 jNS Ail coating plants have the facilities for applying ail of the types and grades of Bitumastic Primers and Bitumastic Enamels described in detail in Part 2, Section H. The procedure to be followed for specifying and ordering Bitumastic Coatings to be applied at the coating plant isr 1. On the order for pipe from the . ae mil! or pipe supply house indicate tha^ bare pipe is to be shipped to the addren of the Coating Applicator. "Specify that tne pipe shall be free of excessive rust, grease, oil, mill lacquer, or any type of paint. 1. Another order should be sent to the Coating Applicator, specifying the grade of Bitumastic Primer and Enamel to be used: also the desired Bitumastic specification number as described in the illustrations on the page opposite or below. 3. Your order to the Coating Applicator should also give the footages of each diameter pipe to be coated and wrapped: as well as the type of joint to be used for making up the pipe line in the field. For identification purposes, your order to the Coating Applicator should carry the name and address of the pipe supplier and your order number to him. TRI^.E COAT AND -"J'L WRAP (FELT) TRIPLE COAT AND TRIPLE WRAP (GLASS) TRIPLE COAf AND TRIPLE WRAP (GLASS & FELT) BITUMASTIC PRIMER bitumASTIC ENAMEL ASBESTOS FELT WRAP BITUMASTIC ENAMEL KRAFT (approx. %i" ) WRAP ASBESTOS FELT WRAP BITUMASTIC ENAMEL I f -f" BITUMASTIC T^TUMAsnc ENAMEt PRIMER CLEAN PIPE "Tbitoh ` BITUMASTIC ENAMt CLEAN PIPE T GLASS FIBER WRAP T KRAFT BITUMASTIC WRAP T GLASS FIBER BITUMASTIC WRAP ENAMEL ENAMEL KRAFT BITUMASTIC WRAP ENAMEL ASBESTOS FELT WRAP BITUMASTIC ENAMEL On your order to your Coating Applicator, be sure to specify the grade and type of Bitumastic Coating desired($ee pages 60-6,3). / 3ITUMASTIC APPLICATION N W SPECIFICATIONS DISPOSAL OF SPILLED ENAMEL DISPOSAL OF MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS CLEAN UP Any Enamel which is p!:ed during application as veil as pieces of chopped Enamel which are dropped along the right of way. shall be removed, cleaned and used or buried to prevent their being eaten by livestock which like the taste of the Enamel. Although the Enamel is not poisonous, it is indigestible and an animal eating a large amount at one 'irr.e mav die as a direct result. Enamel drum fins, empty Primer drums, broken skids and other onset-! laneous material shall be hauled away from the right-of-way and disposed of. Such cbiects shall not be thrown into the ditch before or during backfilling. HEALTH AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS BITUMASTIC PRIMERS When handling or applying Bitumastic Primers, protect exposed skin areas with a suitable cream such as cold cream or one of the unguents identified by such trademarks as Ply No. 2, 6 or 9, Noxzema, and Vase line. Any Primer which is accidentally splashed in the eye, should be washed out with mineral or olive oil. not water. Go to a doctor as soon as possible. BITUMASTIC ENAMELS In hot weather the vapors from heating Bitumastic Enamels may irritate exposed skin areas. Protect the hands by wearing leather gaunt lets. Before starting work, apply a suitable skin protective cream to the exposed face and neck areas. Be careful to avoid bums from the hot Enamels. In the event of a bad accidental burn, go to a doctor as quickly as possible. Do not remove the Enamel. When Enamel is accidentally spattered and minor burns result, strip off the Enamel then apply a good burn ointment such as those identified by the trademarks Vaseline. Unguentine, and Gadoment. Protect new skin with bandage and keep clean to avoid infection. 101 DETAILED INDEX FOR PART 3 (OTHER USES) SECTION SUBJECT v'V/ OTHER USES FOR BITUMASTIC ENAMELS AND COATINGS CONTENTS In the Oil and Gas Industries fo) oas INDUSTRY Compressor Station Exhaust Systems Cooling Towers Underground Storage Tanks Gas Holders Distribution Pipe Lines Service Pipe PAGE | 106 i ij j j 107 j 107 ' 108 j 108 J 109 109 (s) 0,L INDUSTRY Tankers and Barges Crude Oil Storage Tanka Marine Piers and Platforms I Bearing Piles and 1 Structural Members ' ,,. . , i Bulkhead Work l Piping Water Storage Water Lines Stacks Process Equipment 110 111 112 113 113 114 115 116 116 BITUMASTIC 105