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I'A'v i h o w i i a j Aij iiisK M in i (i, 13 2 - 1 1 3 (,1973) # A Study of Workers Exposed to Asbestiform Minerals in Commercial Talc Manufacture M. Kxkixfeld, J. M essite, and A. M. L ancer New York State Department of Labor Division of Industrial lhjgicne, N ew York, N ew Ymk 10013 and Environmental Science.s Laboratory, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New Yoik, N t w York 10029 Beccivcd April 10, 1972 A clinical and environmental study was made of a group of 39 woikeis exposed to commercial laic dust, of which trcmoiile and anrhophyliile were the major fihious components and the findings were compared with a control group. The data showed that in spite of a mean exposure u[ 1G.2 yr with a range of 11-22, only one of the workers exposed to commercial talc dust showed a chest loentgenogiam consistent with pneumoconiosis. The only significant difference between talc woikeis and control was in the number of people having dyspnea and it.; seventy. 'Ihe authors considered both the element of smoking and the exposm e to commercial talc as aggiavating faclois which accounted for the dyspnea. The findings of the 39 woikers in live present study were compared to those obtained horn 33 workers studied earlier in another talc plant. Both gioups had similar mean durations of exposure to com mercial talc but the degree of exposme ol the group of 35 was appreciably gicater. In the latter group there was a significantly increased prevalence of pneumoconioses. It is possible that commcieial talc containing trcnrolito and anthophyllile as major fibrous constituents may be less filuogemc than chrysotile oi amositc at the degiees ot dust exposure p ic a u n in 5.1, ..Unty Studies of tin' biologic response to different types of asbestos indicate that inhalation of chrysotile and/or antphibole asbestos dusts in concentrations, present hi some industrial environments, can produce pulm onary fibrosis (1 ). Disabling pneumoconiosis may occur alter inhalation of an asbestos dust after an appreciable elapsed time from onset of exposure, up to 20 years or more (15). Morris cA ah (2) in a study have reported that chrysotile produced less plumonarv fibrosis than amositc or crocidolite when com parable concentrations of these asbestos minerals were inhaled. These investigators have attributed the lesser pathogenicity of chrysotile to the ability of the lungs to elim inate it more rapidlv than amos-tc or crocidolite. decent data on anthopliyllite exposure indi cates the fiber to be both a fibrogen (16) and a carcinogen (17). Meurman (3) has suggested that pleural plaques and calcification seem to occur more frequently among people exposed to anthophyllile, b u t w hether one type of asbestos is more pathogenic than another- still remains to be established. The difficulty ar ises due to the influences of fiber size, other minerals and col actors present in the asbestos dusts f4 ). Vigliani (5) cites Sclikofl asjrav in g stated that differences in fibrogenicity may exist even between diilerent sources of the same type of asbestos. Jsxpcriineuta ly, observations in the guinea pig lung by ] Trail, Mills, and Young (6) show no dillerenees in the fibiogcnie response to four types of as bestos, namely, chiysot le, crocidolite, amositc, and anthophy llite. On the other 132 C o p y r ig h t 1973 by Academic Press, Inc. All rights of reproduction in any L i m reserved. ' 4 COMMERCIAL TALC MANUFACTURE 133 hand, Parazzi, Pernis, Sccchi, and Vigliani (7) have shown that crocidolito pro duces a more marked cytotoxic action on guinea pig macrophages than docs chrysotile. Schnil/.er and Pundsack (8 ) in an earlier study observed that chrysotile fibers produce a marked hemolytic effect on suspension of washed sheep erythrocytes whereas evoeidolitc\ amosite, trem ohle. and anthophyllite produced negligible hemolytic eflccts. In a more recent study (personal communication to A.M .L.), the same authors found that the relative surface areas of chrysotile versus the am phibolc group were among the major factors in determ ining w helhei or not the m aterials were potentially capable ol producing hemolytic effects. Although the various authors cited above have shown diflerent responses to different types of asbestos, their results do not justify draw ing firm conclusions as to the relative pathogenicity of the diffcient types of asbestos. The present study deals with a group of 39 individuals who were exposed to connucicial talc dust with trem olite and anthophyllite as its major fibrous com ponent. The purpose of the study was to (a ) correlate the environmental exposure with the clinical and rocntgenographic findings in order to obtain information on a dose--response relationship among workers, all of whom had relatively long term occupational exposure to commercial talc; and (b ) obtain additional data on the composition and morphology of the commercial talc dusts. MATERIALS AND METHODS All of the workers in the study group were exposed to commercial talc for 10 or uiuiv \r . T.r.cb '.vorhc w ^W w im i a clinical evaluation which included a de tailed occupational hisloiy, a physical examination and chest roentgenogram. A similar evaluation was m ade of 41 workers who lived in the same area as the talc workers and who were of the same sex and mean age and range but who had had no occupational dust exposure in their working environment. The 41 workers served as a control group. Dyspnea was graded using a modification of F letcher's criteria (9 ). Only four of the five grades categorized by Fletcher were adopted for this study. The critoiia for a positive smoking history was smoking of 20 or more cigarettes per day for a m inim um of 5 yr. In addition to the clinical and rocntgenographic examinations, air samples were taken in both the workers' breathing zones and general air at various loca tions where the mining and milling of tremolite talc took place. Total particle counts as well as fiber counts were determ ined. The dust was collected by means of a m idget im pinger and the samples w ere taken at a rate of 0.1 cpm for 10 min according to the Public H ealth Service m ethod (10). Several .L0-min samples were taken during the individuals work day to obtain results representative of a given w orker's actual exposure. Particles were counted using the light field low-power method. The fibers were collected on a millipore filter and concentra tions were determ ined using phase contrast illumination at 400 X . The mineral nature of 16 talc samples fiom New York State was determ ined. 'Phese samples represented talc specimens obtained at different mining and milling operations, as well as the finished product. Techniques of analysis included polarized light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy with selected area diflraction, x-ray diffraction, and electron microprobe analys's. . 134 KLEINFEU), MESS1TE, AN LAXGEH TAlibli 1 C l i n i c a l a n d K n v i ii o x m f .n t a l D ata o r E x p o m ^d a n d C o n t k o l C h ow Study group Control P No. Age (yr) mean range Exposure (yr) mean range Radiologic findings compatible with pneumoconioses Clinical findings Cough Dyspnea bung crepitations Clubbing Positive smoking history 39 45.9 34-75 16 2 11-22 1 (2 672) 10 (25 05) 9 (23 I D ) 2 (5.172) 0 (0 0%) 19 (48 7 T ) 41 4S S 32-71 0 (0 0 7 ; ) 0 (0 077 0 (o 072) 5 (12 27D 3 (7 3 D ) 3 (7 3 D ) 0 (0 0 77) 19 (46 3 D ) N.S. N.S. N.S. <0.05 N.S. N.S. N.S. FINDINGS Clinical. A summary of the clinical and environmental data of the 39 indi viduals in the study group as com pared lo the control group is shown in Table 1. D ata showing the relationships of d\spnea and cough to age. smoking and dura tion of exposure are given in Table 2. The characteristics- for each <j,rade are given in Table 2. Table 0 surmr.arizcs the :" !>>.*' rl" <4 crmrvmtrtitiom obtained for specific years betw een 1954 and 1970. Fiber counts were made only in J970 as shown in Table 3. Com parative environm ental, clinical and chest roentgeno- Case number TABLi: 2 I I l l a tio n slurs of D is i's ia \ nd C ocgii to Anr, S m oking and D uuation of E xfo sv k i. in i i i i : S tudy Citori Years Dyspnea Age exposure gi ade" Cough Smoking No packs cigarettes/ day Y ears 1 45 14 2 36 19 3 45 15 4 53 15 5 45 20 6 49 20 7 58 M S 50 19 9 55 15 1 Productive + 10 0 1 Productive'' 0 1 Productive'1 + 4 Productive + 1 0+ 2 Productive 0 4 Productive + 10 0 1 25 1 30 9 20 1 5 IS 2 31 Four grades of dyspnea, a mollification of Fletcher's giaduig (7), were m e d : Guide 1-- able to walk normally without breathle--'lie-s on the level, but breathle-s on hurrying oi climbing slight hills, Guide 2 --a b le to keep on walking at own, slower than average pace on the level, Grade 3 -- forced to stop for breath when walking at own slow pare on the level; and Grade 4--breathless on slightest exertion such as washing or undressing hMorning only. 4 * COMMERCIAL TALC MANUFACTURE 135 TABLE 3 E nvironmental D ata O btained at V arious M ine and M ill O perations Mean dust counts (mppcf) Fiber count (fiber > 5 #im/ml) 1954 195S 1963 1964 1969 1970 1970 Mine Drilling Dragline loading Tramming it mucking Primary crushing Hoist loading Mill Secondaiy crushing Grinding (Wheeler mill-) Grinding (Hardinge mills) Bagging Pallet izing Bulk loading Direct R.R. car loading of bags 5 5 13 7 7 10 29 11 2 20 23 18 13 48 70 140 14 12 23 8 10 15 13 5 3 18 14 4 7 25 15 5 9 40 25 109 39 31 12 13 11 19 8 48 10 6 10 62 8 16 22 260 29 13 30 33 30 27 8 TABLE 4 D a t \ i n P u es i n t P l a n t C o m p v i ::i:d to A n o t h e r P lan t S t u d i e d P r e v i o u s l y plnnt study Coirmni at ivp plant study P Environmental data" (mppcf) ' Mining Drilling Mucking Milling Crushing Milling Bagging K.It. car and truck load Workers examined Number in group Age (yr) mean range Exposure (yi) mean range Radiographic findings compatible with pneumoconioses Clinical findings Cough Dyspnea Lung crepitations Clubbing Smokers 6 20 15 13 16 68 39 45.9 34-75 16.2 11-22 1 (2 6%) io (2 5 . c <;;,) 10 (25 0%) 2 (5.1%) 0 10 (4S.7%) 1S2 31 117 00 106 77 35 49.1 29- 67 17.4 11-22 12 (34.3% ) 10 (40 0%) 22 (62.9%) 8 (22.9%) 7 (20.0%,) 23 (65 7%) The dust count data represent mean dust concentrations over 20-yr periods. N.S. N.S. < 0 01 N.S. <0.01 <0.05 N.S. 4 136 K l . E I N ' l H I . n , M E S S 1T E , A N D L A N C E R t a b i.k 5 Comp vk v m i: D u s t C o u n t s \ m > F i n n ; C o u n t s in t u r: T m o Pi. t x i 's Present plain1 data obtained in 1970 Comparative plant data obtained in 1969 Dust count Fiber count Dust count Fiber count (mppcf) (fibers > 5 / n i ml) (nipprf) (libeis > 5 /.m/nil) line Drilling Dragline loading: Tramming & mucking Primarv crushing Iloiftt loading [in Secondary cni^hinj Grinding (Wheeler) Grinding (Haidmgc) Hashing Palletizing Bulk loading P.H . car and 11 nek loading 7 to 11 4S 14 1.1 19 8 8 6 to -- 8 16 171 11 -- -- 2o 2 62 260 -- 29 -- -- -- 11 19 10 21 31 -- 112 S4 ____ 30 12 , 135 27 -- ____ s ____ ____ -- 70 198 " (-- ) Not done. graphic data compiled from a previous stud)' m ade 6 yr earlier in another talc m ining and m illing plant in the same regional area are shown in Table 4. Table 5 shows the com parative dust and fiber counts in the two plants; the counts in the present plant study were taken in 1970 and those at the com parative plant were taken in 1969. A flow sheet of the mining and milling opeiations in the plant most recently studied is shown in Fig. 1. Mineral analysis of talc samples. Optical, x-ray, electron microscopic and elec tron microprobe examination of the talc samples taken from the plant studied most recently indicated that tire true mineral talc, as defined mineralogically, is only one of man)- mineral components in the materials mined, milled and sold as commercial talc and th at it is present as either a major or m inor component. The asbestiform minerals tremolite and anlhophyllite mav constitute major frac tions of commercial talc. Figures 2, 3 and 4 show the various constituents of the dust samples as viewed under plane polarized light (Fig. 2) and electron micros copy (Figs. 3 and 4). DISCUSSION , n A correlation of the clinical and environmental findings noted in Table 1 shows th at in spite of a mean exposure of 16.2 yr with a rang' of 11-22, only- one indi vidual showed a chest roentgenogram consistent with pneumoconiosis. This oc curred in a 75-yr-oId individual who had a nonproductive cough, Grade 1 dyspnea and who worked as a janitor for 11 yr. Although the absence of positive roentgenographic shadows does not conclusively exclude the presence ol pneumoconiosis 4 COMMERCIAL TALC MANUFACTURE 137 D R ILLIN G MUCKING OR DRAGLINE LOADIN G I TRAM MING PRIMARY CRUSHING Underground Above Ground HOIST LOADING SCREEN IN G SECONDARY CRUSHING I DRYING I SC R EEN ING I G R IN D IN G HARDINGE OR W H EELER M ILLS _________________________ I_____________________ B A G G IN G i PALLETIZIN G I RR CAR OR TRJCK LOADING BULK LOADING ! RR CAR OR TRUCK LOADING F k. i . H o w m a i l oi commeicial (ale minim; and nulling opera ions in the plait .Culmd. iii the other individuals who had positive clinical findings, it makes the presence of pneumoconiosis less likely. Usual!}' the ciiteiia for asbestotic pneumoconiosis is a history of prolonged exposure coupled with positive roentgenographic shadows and a restrictive breathing disorder. W hen the clinical data on the workers was com pared with the eontiol group (T able 1), there was no appreci able difference in the presence of cough or lung crepitations, the only diflcrcnce being in the num ber of people with dyspnea and its seventy. In the control group there were tlnee individuals who had dyspnea which was categorized as G rade 1. Of the nine individuals in the study group with dyspnea, six- showed Grach' 1, one showed G rade 2 and two showed G rade 4. Of the two with Grade 4 dyspnea, one was a cardiac who had sustained a myocardial infarction and the other had pulmonary emphysema prior to his employment. These two individuals were heavy smokers, one having smoked two packs daily for over 20 yr and the other two packs daily for a period of 31 yr. lienee, the elem ent of smoking must be included as an im portant etiologic factor. Although the dyspnea in these two individuals was not primarily related to their occupational exposure, it may very well have been th at their prolonged exposure to the commercial talc dust acted as an additional causal element. By and large, as shown in Table 2, there w as no good correlation between dyspnea and cough when related to age, smoking habits and duration of exposure. In order to obtain some information on the dose-response relationship, it was 138 K L E 1N F K L D , M K S S I T E , A N D L A N C E R ;b *r-?> ,.'s^v* - ''*'' $''- W .;'; Vi> .* * ' Vy ty ,' A * , / i * - Q, - < " *. ,AJ'* J* < '4 y-'V - ' **: * - -. <t ,l4, V^W,','1, - k ' * 4-, F ig. 2. Talc sample* as Mewed 111 plane polaiizcd light. All magnifications arc as shown in ( F ) . Sample ( A ) , a primary ciushmu aiea. ( B ) , dulling area, ( C ) , mill, ( D ) , talc "N 200L "; ( E ) , talc "N 200". ( F ) , talc "N.300." These samples repiesent maleuals from source to endproduct. I11 addition to the mineral species, rock fragments were observed in the first three samples. possible to com pare a group of 35 individuals ol the plant studied earlier (T able 4) who were of the same age and langc and who had a similar mean dm ation of exposure as well as range but whose degree (4 exposure in terms of total p ar ticle counts was appreciably greater than those in the plant recently studied as shown in Tables 4 and 5. As would be expected, the gioup exposed to higher dust concentrations and fiber counts .showed a significantly inoeased prevalence COMMERCIAL TALC MANUFACTURE 139 F ig. 3. Amphibole fibers present in talc. This sample was examined for amphibole fibers and electron dilfiaction patterns obtained on selected fibers (3A; inseil 3 A ) . The structural array is cleaily dill'crent than that obtained on tale fibers. 3B shows the presence of talc fibers ( T F ) , amphibole fibers and bailments ( A ) , and the piesenee of talc aggiegate giains (T A ). 3C shows a chrysotile ( C ) fibiil and an amphibole ( A ) fiber admixed m the talc. of positive chest roentgenographic findings consistent w ith pneumoconiosis as well as more positive clinical findings. In botli talc plants there was no correlation between the fiber count and mean dust counts indicating the desirability of utilizing both total particle concentra- t Kic. 4. Talc aggiegale grams as s i e v e d with tiaiisnussion electron microscopy. These grains are appar< ntlv intei grow (lin oi true talc, tale iihcis. seipenlm e minerals and after frag ments, and amphibole fibers and Iragments. ( A ) These grains appear to suivive the nulling operations as entities. Pai tides making up the giain may range from seseial thousand to ses oral hundred angslioms in si/e. ( B ) ' tion as well as fiber counts when one correlates the cm ironm ental and clinical data. Table 3 shows the lack of correlation between the two indices in the present plant studied. There is at present no conclusive data that it is the fiber per se which is solely responsible loi producing both the fibrotic and m alignant changes. In addition, the ellect of peiiodic exposnies of short duiation to high concentra tions of fibers and paitides or peak concentrations needs lurlher stud}' and elari- # t COMMERCIAL TALC MANUFACTURE 141 fication. One should therefore consider the particle concentration, fiber count and their peak values in establishing threshold limit values. Furthermore, the nature of the samples analyzed indicates that fiber counts of aerosols may not provide a true picture of exposure to asbestiform minerals because the fiber counts include talc fibers b u t exclude m any small asbestos fibers and "aggre gate fibers" which may contain substantial amounts of asbestiform minerals (F ig. 4 ). Suzuki and C lung (11) have suggested th at it is the submicroscopic fibers that are responsible for most of the biologic effects produced by asbestos. O ther investigators (6, 12) have also pointed out that the fine dust particles below 1 /an in length may be just as dam aging as dust containing both large and small particles. In a recent paper by M urphy and associates (13) on workers exposed to chronic low concentrations of asbestos dust in ship construction wherein the as bestos used was principally chrysotile and amositc, the authors reported that they did not find any evidence of asbestosis in persons with less than ten years of cumulative exposure. No information on peak exposures was given. The pe riodic peak exposures may be the more im portant factor relating to the fibrogcnic effect. These authors, however-, observed that there was a progressive increase in prevalence of asbestotic pneumoconiosis with the years of exposure there after. In term s of time w eighted average's, M urphy and associates (13) found no asbestosis in men exposed less than 60 mppef-years. Although if is difficult to com pare their work with the p re ^ m :,tud_,, u does nevertheless appear that while :i" appu-Li'anie num ber of workers in the present study exceeded the GO mppef-years, they did not show any evidence of pneumoconiosis, as determ ined by the criteria of M urphy and associates. It is possible that, in terms of a fibrogenie response, tremolite and anthophyllitc are less pathogenic than chrysotile or amosite at the degrees and intensity- of dust exposures preseirt in this studv. In terms of the preseirt findings, the data are not sufficiently conclusive for carcinogenicity for it has been shown that tire occurrence of malignancy requires a longer elapsed time from onset of exposure. Since the start of its operations, the longest exposure in the plant studied was only 22 yr and the occurrence of malignancy from commercial talcs containing tremolite and anthophyllitc in ad dition to talc has not infrequently required a longer duration or a greater elapsed time from initial exposure as wars shown in an earlier study- (14). None of the insulation workers studied by Sclikoif and Hammond (15) died from carcinoma of the lung, m esothdial tumors or asbestosis before 20 years bad elapsed since first exposure. To date, no instances of malignancy have occurred in any of the workers exposed exclusively to commercial talc at the plant studied. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS A clinical and environm ental study was m ade of a group of 39 workers exposed to commercial talc dust, of w'hich trem olite and anthophyllite w-ere the major fibrous components. The clinical findings were compared to those obtained from a control group. T he data showed th at irr spile of a m ean exposure of 16.2 yr w-itli a range of 11-22, only one of the workers exposed to commercial talc dust showed a chest roentgenogram consistent with pneumoconiosis. W hen the clinical 142 KLEIXFELD, MESSITE, AND l.ANGER data on the workers was compared with the control group, the only significant differencc was in the num ber of people having dyspnea and its severity. Two in dividuals had severe dyspnea. One of the two had a cardiac condition and the other h ad prim ary pulm onary disease: prior to his em ployment. Both were heavy smokers for over 20 yr. The authors considered both the clem ent of smoking and the exposure to commercial talc as aggravating factors which accounted for the dyspnea. The findings of the 39 workers in the present study were com pared to those obtained from 35 workers studied earlier in another talc plant. Both groups had similar mean durations of exposure to commercial talc but the de gree of exposure of the group of 35 was appreciably greater. In the group p re viously studied there was a significantly increased prevalence of positive roentgenographic findings consistent with pneumoconioses as well as more positive clinical findings. In the present study w here the mean exposure was 16.2 yr w ith a range of 11-22. no instance of malignancy occurred in any of the workers ex posed exclusively to commercial talc. It is possible th at commercial talc contain ing Iremolite and anthophyllitc as major fibrous constituents may be less fibrogcnic than chrvsotile or amosite at the degrees and duration of dust exposure present in this study. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Dr. Langei wishes to acknowledge suppoit under Career Scientist Award NIE11S 4t812. REFERENCES V* tlLf v, i u Uo ! vilsioi1u; 132, Ait. t, 87-111. 2. M o r r i s , T. G., R o b e r t s , \Y. II., S il v e r ! o x , R. E ., Sk i d m o r e , J. \V., W a g x e r , J. C., a n d C o o k , G. \V. ( 1 9 6 5 ) . Compaiison of dust lelention in specific palhogen-free and standard rats. In "Inhaled P aitides and Vapours" (C. N. Davies, E d .) . Pergamon Press, London-Paris, 2, 205. 3. M e u r m a n , L. O. (1 9 6 8 ) . Pleural fihrocalcific plaques and asbestos exposure. Environ. Res. 2, 30-46. 4. "Asbestos: The Need for and Feasibility of Air Pollution Controls," Committee on Bio logic Efleets of Atmospheric Pollutants, Division of Medical Sciences, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C., 1971, 3. 5. Vicia a x i, E.-C. ( 1 9 6 S ) . The fibrogenie response to asbestos. Med. Lavoro 59, 401--110. 6. H o l t , P. F., M ills, J., and I ouxg, D. K. ( 1 9 6 5 ). E xperim ental asbestosis w ith lour t y p e s of fib e is: i m p o r t a n c e of sm all p a rtic le s. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 132, 8 7 - 9 7 . 7. P a r a z z i , E., P e r m s , B., S'e c c i i i , G. C., a n d VTc l i a x i . E. C. ( 1 9 6 8 ) . Studies on in vitro cytotoxicity of asbestos dusts. Med. Lavoro 59, 561-576. 8. Sc h x i t z e r , R. J., a n d P u x d s a c k , F. L. ( 1 9 7 0 ) . Asbestos hemolysis. Environ. Res. 3, 1-13. 9. "Short Questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms," as approved by the Medical Reseaich Council Committee on the Aetiology of Chronic Bionchitis, Dr. C. M. Fletcher, Chairman, London, 1960. _ 10. Ameiican Confeienee ol Governmental Industiial Hygienists, 1962: Air sampling instru ments (Document B-3-31), Cincinnati, Ohio, 1963. 11. Su z u k i, Y., a x d C h u r g , J. ( 1 9 6 9 ) . Stiucture and development of the asbestos body. Amer. J. Pathol. 55, 7 9 -9 1 . 12. D a v is, J. M. G . ( 1 9 6 5 ) . Electron-microscope studies o f asbestosis in man and animals. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 132, 9 8-111. 13. M unrm ', R. L. IF, J r ., P e r r i s , B. G., J r ., B u r ge ss, W. A., W o r c e s t e r , J., a n d G a e n s l e r , 4 COMMERCIAL TALC MANUFACTURE 143 E. A. ( 1 9 7 1 ) . EfTcc's o c 'ow concentrations of asbestos. N ew Eng. J. Med. 2S5, 1271 1278. 14. K l e i n f e l d , M., V e s s i t e J. K o o y m a n . O.. a n d Zaki, M. ( 1 9 6 7 ) . Mortality among talc miners and mille-s m \ e w York State. Aich. Environ. Health 14, 663-667. 15 S e i .i k o f f . I. J. an d H a m m o n d E. C. ( 1 9 6 8 ) . Com munity effects of nonoccupational environmental asbestos exposure. Amer. J. Puhl. Health 5S, 1658-1666. 16. A h l m a n , K., P a r t a n e n , T. T., R i n t a l a , E. a n d W ii k e h i , M. ( 1 9 7 2 ) . Anthophvllite mining and milling as a can.se of asbestosis. In Conf. Biol. Effects Asbestos, Lyon, France, 2-6 Oct., 1972, Paper 25. 17. M e u r m a n , L. O., K i v i e u o t o , R. a n d H a k a m a , M. ( 1 9 7 2 ) . Mortality and moibidity of em plojees of anthopbyl'ite asbestos in mines of Fin'and. In Conf. Biol. Effects Asbestos, Lyon, France, 2 -6 Oct., 1972, Paper 31. Mortality Experiences Among Talc Workers: A Follow-up Study M. Kleinfeld, M.D., J. Messite, M.D. and M, H. Zaki, M.D. in an earlier study of talc workers who had 15 or more \ears of exposure to commercial talc dim , the authors found that the proportional mortality from carcinoma of the hint; and pleura among these workers was four times that of (he general population. However, the significant increase in incidence of malignancy appeared in the older talc workers, namely, the 60 to 79, rather than in the 40 to 59 vear age group 1This observation in the taic workers was at variance with those found in a group of duration of exposuie covering a similar time period - The asbestos insulators showed an increased incidence of mor tality from lung cancer in both age categories. The incidence or carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract ancf peritoneum among the talc workers was not significantly difierent irom that of the genera! population, whereas among the asbestos insulators the incidence of gastrointestinal m alignancy was sig nificantly higher The authors postulated that the earlier occurrence of malignancies among the asbestos in sulators was due to two factors The first was the relatively greater carcinogenicity of the chrysolite asbestos as compared to commercial talc. The second lactor was the exposure or the insulators to greater quantities of chrvsotile asbestos as com pared to the talc wo.hers who were ex posed to leaser quantises of talc dust which vsas admixed with appreciable amounts of trcmolite and anthophyllite Fio m the N ew 'rork W p .irirrw n f of Ldbor D iv isio n of I'u iiis m jl Mvt* *`(1*' jn d ih c U n iv e r sity of New Y c k . Dow nstJU* v .i'P tc jf O m.u t , Brooklyn, N Y Rf-pnnt tt'qvH'sts to Dt kliM nVld. TAT O f f j n Park w ay, Brooklyn, N Y 112UJ asbestos. The earlier study' also showed an increased incidence of deaths due to taic pneumoconiosis and/or its com plications The present study was designed to bring the mortality data among the talc workers up to dale and to provide additional information not reported in the earlier study. Materials and Methods All the talc workers employed in 1940 who had accumulated 15 cr more vears of exposure to commercial talc dust as ..x-m UJ UIUOC WIIU Cth.f!ItfVlJU d Ifl ffI' 111UfT1 of 15 years ot such exposure between 1940 and 1969 were included in the study. The group totaled 260 workers and it is believed that the overall number constituted the total work rorce in the worker population under study. Source of D ata.-- The data were ob tained from a number of sources Plant records were examined and the work history or each individual was detailed to include changes of |ob and specific years of employment. Death certificates were studied in all instances where thev were available. The records of the physicians who had attended the workers privately were reviewed. Sub stantial medical information on the majority of the workers was available in the Division's files which were used as an additional source of data. Hospital records, including autopsy reports and histological specimens, weie examined wherever available Autopsy or biopsy records were obtained in 38 of the 108 deaths. Statistical A nalysis.-- The causes of death included the following malignan cies, cardiac diseases other than cor pulmonale, pneumoconiosis and its complications, accidents or suicides, and all other causes. In view of the limitations of the available data, a study or the mortality experience by person years of exposure was not teasibie As an alternate, a comparison was made of the observed proportional mortality rates from the specific causes with the ex pected rates among similar population groups and was found satisfactory' tor a descriptive study of this nature The proportions of observed mortality at tributed to cancer ot the lung and oleura and of the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneum ana caraiac disea; cs were compared to the expected mortalities due to the above causes in the various age groups. The expected morta'itv tor the total group represents the prooortion of deaths among white men in the United States due to the specific causes in the year 1955 This particular vear was chosen as standard because it is the median year of death among the 108 deaths For each of the 5-year periods the median vears, namely, 1942, 1947, 1952, 1957 and 1962 were selected Dif ferences between observed and ex pected frequencies were tested for significance using the normal curve ror large numbers and the Fisher's exact probability test for smail frequencies. Findings Total D e a th s .-- There were 108 deaths in the group of 260 talc workers. The causes of death in the various categories are shown in Tabie 1 A distribution ot the deaths according io age group appears m Table 2 The average age at death of the 103 talc workers was 60 3 years, with a range of 38 to 84 years Table 3 shows came ot death and the number ot deaths during each 5 year period from 1940 to 1969, Table 1 . -- Causes ol Death in 108 Talc Workers During F c u o d o( 19-50 to 1959 Cause of Death Ra. Malignancies lung and Pleura Gastro.ntestmal and peritonea! All Other Mal'gnanciss Cardiac Deaths (other than ccr pulmonale) Pneumoconiosis and Complications Acctderts or Suicides AH Other Causes Total . 25 13 3 30-, . 29 8 J6 108 56 23.1 120 8.3 28 27.8 26.9 7.4 14 8 100.0 M alignancies.-- Deaths from cancer of the respiratory' tract and gastroin testinal tract and observed and expected proportional mortality rates are shown in Table 2. Twelve of the 13 malignancies of the lung and pleura were carcinomas of the lung and 1 was a fibrosarcoma of the pleura. Of the 9 malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneum, 3 were cancers of the stomach; 2 were cancers of the liver, 1 of which was a primary hepatoma of the liver and the other a metastasis from a gastrointestinal malignancy, 1 was a cancer of the colon: 2 were cancers of the pancreas; and 1 was a peritoneal mesothelioma. The 3 malignancies involving other sites in cluded 1 retroperitoneal reticulum cell Beicoma, 1 chronic lymphatic leukemia and 1 Hodgkins' disease The observed deaths and expected proportional mor tality from cancer of the lung and pleura and of the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneum during the 5-year periods ex tending from 19-10 to 1969 are shown in Table 4 Cardiac D eaths.-- O f the 30 cardiac deaths, excluding cor pulmonale, 22 had coronary aitery disease, 5 had hyper tensive heart disease and 3 had rheumatic heart disease. Table 2 shows the deaths and proportional mortality from cardiac disease related to specific age groups and Table 5 gives a break down of the number of deaths from car diac disease during the specified 5-year periods. Pneu m o co nio sis and its C o m plications.-- There were 29 deaths in this group Twenty of the 29 were due to cor pulmonale, 5 to advanced tuber culosis and 4 to bronchopneumonia. The lapsed time from the first talc ex- Age Group < 40 40 53 60 79 80 84 Total Total ' Di-aihs 3 47 54 4 108 Table 2 . -- Deaths and Proportional Mortality from Carcinomas of the Respiratory Tract, of the Gastrointestinal Tract, and Fiom Cardiac Diseases Among .Talc Workers by Age, 1940-1969 Deaths and Proportional Moct:!;ty from Ptsoira- VOl.vCI* \ / Deaths and Prc^cvtional Mortality From G?5tr> iruestinat taoi-rs Deaths and Proportions! MoftaMy Crdiac uiseases { \ ) Ko Observed Expected fio Observed tip ected Ho Observed Expected 00 1.6 4 85 5.2 9 166 v 36 0C 1.1 00 3 64 4 7.4 1 250 2.5 4 33 3 211 5.7 11 24 4 44.2 U 17 31.5 478 53 1 250 47 1 13 12.0 3.7 8 7.4 t s 30 27.8 45.8 Table 3 . -- Causes of Death in 108 Talc Workers* During the Period 1940-1569 Cause of Death 194044 194549 1950-54 1955-59 1960-64 Malignancies lung and Pleura Ston.ach liver Colon * Pancreas Peritoneum Other Malignancies Cardiac Diseases Pneumoconiosis and Complicat'oris Accidents and Suiddes Others Tc<ai --2 --1 1-- --------------------- _ _ -------- --_ -- -- 3. -- -- 8 24 11 --3 7 17 1 __ __ y __1 2 __ 2 1 1 s 5 1 1 _ __ 1 -- S 8 2 1 25 3 __ __ _ I -- _ 8 8 .2 5 2 * erho bad at least 15 cr more years oi eaposure to talc dust. 1965-69 2 1 __ 1 1 7 4 1 6 23 Total 13 3 2 1 2: 1 3 30 29 8 16 108 346 Mortality Fnoripnrps Arreno lain WrirktM^/KlDinfoid Moliti* and 7aki 194044 194549 1950 54 1955 59 1960 64 1S65 69 Total ......- # --------------------------------------------- Table Deaths and Expected Mortality Ircm Cancer o( the Lung and Pleura and c( the Gastrointestinal Tract and Peritoneum Among Talc Workers 1540-1969 taint and Pleura Gastrointestinal Tract and Peritoneum Deathi Proportional Mortality () Observed Expected Death Proportional Mortality . (1) Observed Expected 0 0 2.0 1 14.3 7.8 2 11.7 3.1 1 5.8 71 1 12 5 4.3 1 12.5 7.1 5. 20.0 5.7 3 12 0 6.7 3 10 7 6.7 r~ - 3.6 6.3 2 *7 7.7 2 95 6.1 13 * posure to death in tins group averaged 30.9 years, with a range of 15 to 46 years. All 29 had their initial exposures prior to 1945 at which time more ef fective engineering controls, including wet drilling in (he talc mines, were in troduced. All Other C a u se s.-- In addition to 8 accidents and suicides, there were 16 additional deaths in this category Thine were due to cerebrovascular accidents, 4 to pneumonia, and the remaining 9 to one of the following causes bleeding duodenal ulcer, strangulated inguinal h.crr.;a, perforated d-ve-cu'um - -h peritonitis, acute glomerulonephritis, mesenteric arterial occlusion, intestinal obstruction, uremia, and gunshot wounds. Environm ental Exposure. -- En vironmental exposure data was available in 97 of the 108 death cases. The mean duration of exposure for this group was 24.1 years, with a range of 15 to 47 years. The dust exposure was predominantly to talc, tremolite, anthophyllite, carbonate dusts and a small amount of free silica Comparative dust counts at the talc mines and mills prior to 1945 and between 1946 and 1969 are shown in Table 6 Table 7 shows the deaths from respiratory and gastroin testinal malignancy, cardiac disease and from all causes among the talc workers by years of exposure to commercial talc dust. Comments M alig nancies.-- The data on car cinoma of the lung and pleura show the overall proportional mortality to be ap proximately four times th.it expected Consistent with our previous ob servation' a significant increase appears to occur in the age group of 60 to 79 years rather than in the 40 to 59 vear age assess the role played by smoking in ac group As has been mentioned, this find counting for the differences in the oc- ing among talc workers is at variance ccrence of malignancies with what the authors have observed When carcinoma of the lung and among asbestos insulators where the ob pleura are related to each of the six 5- served values in both the 40 to 59 and year periods, as shown in Table 4, it is 60 to 79 year age group were sigmncant- noteworthy that the observed propor ly different from the expected values. tional mortality from carcinoma ol the Kiviluoto and Meurman3 also reported lung was approximately four times as the occurrence of lung cancer among much as the expected mortality during younger anthophyIlite miners (45-54 year the years 1945 to 1959 and dropped tc age group) who had more than 10 years approach the expected mortality in I960- of exposure, with a mean of ap 64 and 1965-69. The differences betweer proximately 20 years, to pure an- the observed and expected, modnlitv rhnphvliirra jie ra .-n Two explanations rates were significant in 1959-51 are offered. One 'S that the mixed dust to which the talc workers were exposed, namely, talc, tremolite and anthonnyllite, is less carcinogenic than chrysotile dust to which the asbestos insulators were ex posed. The second is that the talc workers were exposed to a lesser con centration of dust compared to the asbestos insulators and anthophyllite miners One or both of these factors may account tor the difference in the mor tality experience of the talc and asbestos ( P< 0.01 ) and insignificant in 1960-64 and 1965-69 (P > 0 05) The nnprovec mortality experience between 1960 anc 1969 in the case of lung and pleural can cers is particularly pertinent since en vironmental controls have resulted in ar appreciable reduction in the dust count; in the mines and mills, although the tihei counts still remain high (Table 6) Tins finding indicates that the presem threshold limit tor tremolite and an thophyllite needs rvaluation workers groups In the absence of With regard to cancer of the gastroin adequate smoking data, one cannot testinal tract and peritoneum among the 194044 194549 1950-54 1955 59 1960 64 < 1965 69 Total Table 5. -- Deaths arvd Expected Morta lity From Cardiac Disease Am ong Talc Workers ' mo-1969 Deaths Propwtional Mortality (%) Observed Eipected 3 42.8 6 35.3 0 .0 6 24.0 8 28 6 7 30 4 37.4 41.0 <60 46.5 46 6 455 30 journal ot occupational r/teaicir.e/voi. it), n o. o/May i y / 4 34/ talc workers, we did not find any i significant difference between the ob- ! i served and expected values in the ti ifif o ro n r''C cf.irftnrT Nor did KiviKioto ana vieurman Tina an increased incidence ut gastrointestinal cancer among the anthophvlhte workers they studied 3 Ihese findings ditfer from those observed in asbestos insulators where a significant increase in the ob served incidence of gastrointestinal malignancy was lound in the overall and specific age groups studied ' Our find ings among asbestos insulators were similar to those reported by Selikoff, Hammond and Churg * Deaths Due to Pneumoconiosis and its Com plicatio ns.-- A previous study has shown that cor pu!monale is a ma|or complication of talc pneumoconiosis and is a major cause of death among talc workers 1 The findings in this study confirm the previous report How'ever, as shown in Table J, the oerrentage of Utclllli UUC lO f>! ieUl IVJCWI tn^OO Cl. is.. .Tj complications has decreased by more than 50% in the last 5-yeai period studied (1%5-69) as compared to the preceding period The numbei of deaths probably reflects the greater exposures which occurred m the earlier years of employment A longer interval must elapse, however, before the effect of controls on the incid ence of pneumoconiosis can be appraised more definitively in the plant studied In another study of a different plant5 processing a similar mixture of talc, tremolite and anthophvlhte but wherein controls were installed at the inception of opeiations in 19-18, only one of 39 workers had a chest roentgenogram con sistent with pneumoconiosis The mean exposure of the 39 workers was 16.2 icars w.th a range of 11 to 22 yea-:. Th? worker whose chest roentgenogram was consistent with pneumoconiosis was a 75-year old man who had a non productive cough, a Grade 1 dyspnea and who worked as a janitor for 11 years. The low incid ence of pneumoconiosis was found despite the presence of relatively high fiber and dust counts The fiber counts exceeded by 2 to 6 times the present threshold limit value of 5 fibers'ml with a length greater than 5 microns. In terms of time weighted averages, M urphy and associates6 found no asbestosis among w'orkers exposed less than 60 mppcf- r . i Cause of Death Malignancy of the Respiratory Tract Malignancy of the Gastrointestinal Tract Car die Disease L . All Causes 348 Table 7. -- Death s From Respiratory and Gcstromtestina l.'al'gnancy, Cardiac Disease and Among Talc Workers by Years of Eiposure to Talc Dust 5: E u. Etpcsure in Year 15*19 20-24 2529 3034 35-39 40+ Unknown Total 37 1 l i 13 2 4 1 12 1 i 9 9 S 4 22 1 4 30 24 35 15 12 e 5 11 103 Mortality Experiences Among Talc Workers/Klemfeld, Messile and Zaki years to chrysotil.? and amosito in^pvp construction. In the study ot the plant having contiois since the start of opeiations, it was found that an ap preciable number of workers exceeded the 60 mppef-years, but did not show any evidence of pneumoconiosis as determined by the criteria of Murphy and associates The authors' concluded from the study of the plant having con trols from the outset of operations that tremolite and anthophyllite were less ftbrogenic than chrysolite or amosite at comparable dust exposures Deaths from Cardiac Disease. -- Rather surprising was the observation that the observed proportional mortality from cardiac disease was lower than the expected mortality in all 5-year periods except the first, namely, 1940-19-14 (Table 5). No valid con clusion could be drawn regarding this period since the authors could find records of only 3 deaths in the period 1940-1944 H o w e ve r, it seems reasonable to state on the basis of the remaining data that the overall observed proportional mortality from cardiac disease among talc workers was lower than the expected m ortality The decreased mortality trorn caidiac disease among talc w u n rs cannot be attributed to a predisposition to lung cancer which generally results in the death ot tlv:se woikers at earlier ages before they might be expected to succumb to cardiac disease. As Table 2 demonstrates, the decreased propoitional mortality from cardiac disease is piesent in both the 40 to 59 as well as the 60 to 79 year age" rgroup are needed to validate this ex group If malignancy ot the lung was a planation With regard to malignancy of factor, one would have expected a dif the gastrointestinal tract, the deaths were ference in incidence between these two distributed over all periods ot exposure age groups. Deaths in the ago group un Iho small number of deaths does not der 40 and 80 to 84 are too few to lend itself to provide any conclusion warrant any comments with regard to regarding the risk of developing cardiac disease The true explanation is malignancy in the gastrointestinal tract open to coniecture. The rural en and years of exposure With regard to vironment in w-hich the talc workers deaths from cardiac disease. Tables 5 lived, as well as the possibility that they and 7, there does not seem to be any dif smoked less, may account tor the lower ference regarding the years of exposure mortality due to cardiac disease as com- _ and the exposure pattern in the total pared to the national rate group. - , Correlation of Malignancy with Age and Years of Exposure.-- The data shown in Table 7 indicate that the maiority of the malignancies of the respiratory tract occurred in the workers exposed 15 to 24 years During this period 10 of the total of 13 died from malignancy ot the respiratory tract. In this group the elapsed time nom onset of exposure to death was similar to the duration of exposure. The finding suggests that the carcinogenic effect of the commercial talc dust is manifested mainly after exposure of 15 to 24 years and that very piolongcd exposure. 25 yoais plus, does not appear to carp- with it a significantly increased risk for cancer production One plausible explanation is References V Kleinfeld M . Messite |. Kooym an O and Zaki M Mortality among talc miners and millers in '.e w York State Arch Environ Hlth 14 663-67, 1967 2 Kleinteld M Messite I and Koovman O tortality experience in a group ot asbestos workers Arch n- iron Hlih 15 177-00. 1967 3 Kiviluoto R and Meurman L Results ot asbestos exoosure in Finland, pp 180-186 In H A Sh ap iro . Ed . Pn eu m o co n io sis Proceedings ot the International Conference, lohannesburg, 1969 Cape Tow n Oxlo.'d University Press, 1970 4 Selikoff II. Hamm ond EC and Churg | Mortality experiences o' aslK-stos insulation workers. 1943-1U68, pp 180-186 In H A Shapiro, Ed Pneum oconiosis Proceedings ot the International Conterenre, lor annesburg. 1% 9 Capa Tow n Oxtotd University Press that a more susceptible group will develop cancer between 15 and 24 years and that alter 24 years there is a group which is relatively less susceptible to cancer production in spite of added years of exposure. However, con firmative findings in the study of a larger 6 Kleinteld M, Messite I and Larger AM A studv ot workers exposed to astx'stuorm minerals in com m ercial talc m anuiacture En viron Res 6 132-243, 1973 6 Murphy RLM tr , Ferris BG, Burgess W A, el al . Effects of low concentrations ot asbestos. N ew Engl / Med 285 1271-1278, 1971. Journal of Occupational Medicine/Vol. 16, No. 5/May 1974 34S SUJLi-S ATI) iif.iJ J I A T I O N S ' Title 3 0-- Min 'ral Resource'! cermng "ire m 1aehnu'nt.; h a s be e n " c r - ; n < I -- o f m in e s , 1)1 I / RTfeE.N ' O F T H E IN T E R IO R *UiiCiAPU'R U- ".-if,:. Ai.'O NONMETAI.LIC f.v e w,t / PART SC-- UFA! Til AND S A r^ fY STANDA I.O F -- i/.LITU AO b N O N M ETALLIC O tT.fi PIT M IN ES 'c i e i r e d ; M ; [he 1) u t m e u t m ay u n du take ed,hp,n,d ie\iew. utly and nn.ily: is of , ,,, b , Pm, a - ; pi a,r io tai-.m ; f u n i i e i a; m n .M i , i e e l to tuir s t a n d ard Ah,,, ni M,. , o m m c iils re, civei! were m r e p o t , e () n ; , ,, .os, d v.'i-il: .M>ni!uid 55 5-1 ' 38 t i t :>2,jii3 i As a A . n it of th e se comments the loiiov.mg changes are Misrclioirons Amendments made: Pur-unnt lo the authority vested in S tc n d u r d 55 5 l. iM E ditorial ch a n g e s th e S e c r c t s i y of th e I n t e r io r u n d e r sec h a v e been m a d e in p a u r r a u h s Cat a n d t .on *> of O.e Fi iiei-al M e ta l a n d N o n (b 1 to ciatify tp " i eq iu r e m e n ts of these .! e`.:d!:e Aline teiy Act, i 30 U S.C 7ufi) provision , /nil to i k u l o n . revir an d (ronmlg'Ue h e a l t h (b) The Tie.e hold Limit Values pub ; 'id '-airly ,-tnnd trds i o r nit.Lii a n d n o n - lis h ed m tie' i `17 2 ccetio'u ot th e A m erican l v i . i i n in u s. t h e ; e was pu b lish ed on C o n f e i m e e or t lc i\ nii'Cii*.<1 In du strial V r d n i M a > , An .u - : 29, 197a. a n o n c e of I lv lk iii.,!', pnbhi atiou have b een u p pio.it i d r u l r ia a a iu f i in th e TAhki-al d a te d ro th e t 'o - ilc ie n c e s 1973 e d ition f . i . o ' n n '38 M l 23.T3 e n d 233C4>, to w i d f h an;:, vs".ies e n d iep k iees th e 1972 a: a :r i r e n t 55, ': r 'a o n r N. r n g i M ' r I. e d 'tic n ; r, o.d T lie 30, Code of i e d n a l f ie ru ia u o i.s, by <c) Aii 3 - b c u r tim e w f ig iile ii i n e r a g i ruvi'-m g him revokin'! c e r t a i n s t a n d a r d s e x p o su re oi par; .m nel to airborne c o n O 'T e n t h / m force aiv' by ..Thug new cent: a dors ol .".i -cMos da.it h a s been : luuilurci.; F 'U b M t.l.e s t a n d a r d s c o n s;>ec:iied m >:.i;.i ,r ii>'i 'hi ; and tained m the notice was beielourd or (;!' Tb.e te r m `asb esto s" as used hr revised a l t e r eo n au 'd a ta a i w ith th e Feci- pc.rai rai.U ('o' is defined to inclu de m l y e:a l A teh! a n d j . o r i r . a li M i n i S a fe ty chi;.;,o-'ie. .I'uo.-ite. e ro u d o lite , a n t h c - Advisoj-y I'ninriiitice eyy.rtnted p u rsu an t phvine aslicito. . ner.iciite asbe.-tos, and to suction 7 of th e A c: MO U R.C. 720. a e iu io ih o a-lje: t a , or t h o , c m iu e ra is The notice tu iln e r piovided th a t each which aro c..-entiahy known as a.-bestos n io n o 'e d s t a n d " r ; i v, h i r h i; to be a m a n m in e, ds f l i c A . t i c th r e e n u n c r a l s use d 'h o iy '- i - n d a - i v; s d e s w n a n u nj tin wnvd ashes, ns b.'cmi e tiies, me u n i - tn e v,ord "T.TuuJatoiy" vdhrii ey eeai'ed ei.-.l rvqee w u cd fo r b o id th e a -b e s ti- ..t th e ,, c . i i t t n i : of th e s t a n d a r d anct it for.ii a n d i'.:m-jsi)ratifc! m v a n r t 'f s of r striid . re. k w l been recr.:: in e n n rd by liitne muieiAii- T i o i i c i m of a i:on- The F a i t ! rd Ai< ted en d NnumeTil Aline ;M v s ' '.form w inch occa: . in talc depot its FrfcTy Ad'.e. oty ('r.m rcittee such .tar.d- is n e t m en tio n e d m th e definitio n and, ae i was id en v iled by the I r 't e r s i h e i e i o r j . is nor, covered. ''-'IN'T.I;; ''(' '' ifn d er tire p i a v i n o n s of N o t v O r. 3. 1073 a i n c i t e Lw ui.nt.iuni -'.bare! ion the! of th e Act MO E S C hcl.l \ * t ! ': n o'i, ];' io rt-fui\e Untn 7'linei ' a s t a n d -.rd re M m iu e n d , d by th e o n vuV a f * h / i '.d'-i u i il.e )i !t;.. l rtUfl l.nr.- d ' n o i y C o io arnt'te a > jvV .-iio; v t l.o h'-aiTaf, 5. ihdij' : t to th e n ro v is.o 'ii of sin. a. ction i'<ei of th e Act a n d ut q v n rcM rw e with t e provis'on.s of sub arctic 1 ah F> (20 If f5.C. 7 h e ' d ) o n o r b r t o r e th e I ist ctriv ii.c u n t i . -'-s ^-e- . a m i , u-e;:) iM-'-'h' 1 (Ft'u oiLvci >. i hi'.li tuunun r ,ii.! . i ' i n , ' l s l u i t ; '',,ore, ,!d r' ' h i s rn : i M-t i i 'i'i iK U i ' , * t ''c id t V c v i t h r ; a ' `dr ,1 -i it?i/ '<1 )>:> a s c h r \ ot j In c.r o : i v r m o i 'ine- I ' n i n i i h u u ,,. a n t 7 a f e f y A d ' i u i " t : A 'o n P ':. i cf t h e !)c'iod Axed fo r u,o so. Wi-MOn ot t n >A' --U'-n: ' In m m n ' r , c . 1~pu! ior, U .V'f e t y w rit te n ci.it:-, views, o r arcr.ni"nh:. ar;y perso n v no m a y be uc!ve;*-ely ofisctecl 'ey a projios.ed s t a n d a u l v. an h h a d n o t been recommended by the Federal Metal and Nonmetoi Mine Saferv Advisory Com mittee was affotdecl an opoortimitj to a* <l c4r >p.ti r t > p U n n i m ; a joiiva. s t u d y i o -u-'le i i n n ? f i e t o x i c m r i i A ; oi calc a r i d t r o - m o h t v e r v t c x p ' n v r e . F o m a j t 'a o l e u i l t s o f this s ta ly t'o'ii iibioiis and tm tioliic t u o n - a - h ' ' i t i i o '-a ii .iro t u n j c , l t o : h e a a o p t e d t h r e s h n 'j UnnL v->iueo u i x o t p n r n y r a p h (a) oi u r n s i a n d f u - J ( s e e put,? 1-i c f t h e C o n f e r file w ith th e S e c r e t a iy of th e I n t e r i o r e n c e s 1973 p u b l i c a t i o n ) written objcoitons thereto ctnting the grounds foi suen objection and n q uestiijft a public h e a rin g (s u b ject to t 'Ile A d ministrative Proceclme Act' on such subject. Interested persons were requested to subm it w iitton data, views, ary aments and requests for hearings to the Admin istrator, Alining Fnforeem ent and Safety A d m u n s t r a t 'o n (M ESA; o n or before O ctoiler 15. 1973. No h e a rin g s were r e quested cir tile proposed standards which were designated as 'M andatoiy" by the S ecretary ot the interior, a n d all of the data, views and argum ents received con cerning the standards were given careful consideration. The comments and recommendations received indicated support for the stand ( e -' P noa^raph (b) is iu r t h e r revised to provide the allowable peak or ceiling c o in 'eniiuh ion uf r.sbcstos f:ber. T h i s ceiliu: riu i^ entrntion is 10 fibers l o n c s r than 5 raerom eters, per milliliter of air, a.s d c le ip u n e c i by ice- nu.-nDrane filter m e t h o d ov e r a sam p lin g t im e o f 15 minutes. EJective date. The amendments, re visions end relocation nf standards, and new standards shad be-come effective on July 1974. P art 55 of Chapter X of Title 30 of the Code oi Federal Regulations is amended as set foi ih below: (Sec 6, ied er.U M etal a n d Non m e tallic M ine S a fe ly Act? 80 o t a t . 772; (80 U S C 725)) D ated: June 26, 1974. ards winch tire promulgated below. P ro mulgation of the proposed revision to s t a n d a r d 55.19-24 (38 P R 23384) con- C. K M ai,l o r y , Deputy Assistant Secretary of the interior. P m t Tb T itle 30 Code of fV dm.u I,' . i T n i s is amm.d<d e n d n.vised as i T i 1v ; ^ Vi V* [ A m ended J 1 b a r fiord 35.5-1, promulgated cu I t i O V t'. 5, 1970 (35 l i t 13587, is re- v 1~' `.i !w rood as f o l l o w s : J.. j-l 'iav.datory. Except as permitted by 5 S 5 5: ' .*) r.VT-pt a , p r o v i d e d In. p a ra g ra p h * ( b ) , itie p 'L u re to i n r o m e eo iU arn m a u ti, ,shaU nu, < %i, o n t h e In.'Ui o f a t i m e w e i g h t e d a\." U\z tlucohoM lim it rabies adopted b , I 'c A r n ' o i j c a n ( \ > n t o ' e n c e o f C b n e r i i - n . k ! i n d U o tr m l I I \ c ic n r - t o , a s b e t foi il l a n d n i i ' d m t h e 19 M e a i t 'o n o f t h e C o n - i'M < r r ' . p a P A r a i i o n . t'b i t l o d " n . V s T h r e s h old i Values for Chem ical Substances in V A nnom At Abooied by tcGIiC ior H>7 i, ] hT 1 t h i . n i j . h 5 b v rh i c h a r e h e r e b y m M' lM 'd b y l e i e o - n e e a n d m a d e a (art r i o. [ On p u b l i c - . r.iiin m a y In O b'- Ai red Men m e k u i c r i c a n C o n f e r e n c e oi C>'Aern- i 1 !.,ii In d u . trial Iv -n 'in sm bv w 'T i n ^ to 'A',, , g [ ,[ - r r e a - m r e i , P O B ox 937, C l n - i. > '.Ui (M'.h 4 3 2 9 !, o r m a y b e e x a m i n e d i n r u ' iot.u and I.ornn^ial Mine H ealth and . - r Oi m e t or Subd^strict Oihce of th e i ' . n .. ' b i i i o r c c m e ,+' : m d S a i e ' y A d m U i r d r a - '* '-,;vn-s!oris a b o v e m o l i s t e d t h i a s h o l d s s ir./f ! v ' i b e o f a cc-m k * u i . m n i f . u d c t h a n is u v, i.-M/.ea a s p e r n n v s i b i e oy t h e C o n f e r - .1 . e . o ; v're R-hovr tim e weighted average air- " ' l e r .Mice n t r a i i o n o i asoca,H*s d u s t t o b 'Ai f'i in l o j o e s e r e e -p o L e d s h a l l n o t ex - .Lf1 3 u b . r s p e r m t 'h i d r r g r e a t e r t h a n 5 l . v c r n s in l e i i y t h , .' s ` e te in u n e d b y t h e r . ' - . b / o t ' b'etr ij'T'rliod a.n 400--150 niaynin- i' a. millimeterobjective) pha e concr. obiiuinaiion No (injiloyee -'ll. i bo ex ec- -a at any ravie ;o airborne concentrac.um of a-ifn-stcxS fiiio'h m l-xcc-s of L} tioers ; M.nr hid ^ ruemmemr:-. per rulllnter of ' in i b' 1 e r m i . h n n e :iber 1 * . tf-.r " a l ' , . a ;p'vn m o . n a f o r < 1a a1 o f I v m r a . r d s u l c a t e .i c h a t , wlieii ci m o r ;,irocF-M d. . o p a - a t e i n f o i b ' x jb le - u t i'r c:e u p o f 'l o n i s A l t h o u g h t h e r e a a io.-T.y a.'be^uos n a u .e ia ls, t h e tc-im " a s ; a-; ut i h e n . n ].> l i m i t e d t o h e f o i ' ;' n ' I ' v n o sis, c 'i r ' 5ubl-', a n m c i t e , r r o c i d o 11 - ' h o p h j l i i e aCne-,tu5, t r e m o U t e a v b e s * 'ul ". c L i n o i n e a `.be.-cos. fe) E m p l o y e e s i n<vll h e w i t h d r a w n f r o m m * v n . re m e r e i-. p r r . `u t a n a i r b o r n e c c n i j.- : m. yi;.en a C ' clnsigniilion by tho a n d t h o c o n o e n t r a t i c n excccKls tU< ; 'TO'-hf<id ' j u u t v a l u e l i s t e d f o r t h a t cor u nunant. 2. f'Jn n d o rd 55.0-5, o r o m u D a t c d on D ecem ber 8. 1970 (35 F R 18587), is revu-:d to read as follows: 55 5 8 ''daruLiiorij. Control of employes ex posure to ha rriifui an borne contaminants 'uu1! be, i r r c a r as icasibie, by pre\onUcn of contamine tiun, removal by exhaust ven1'bd *w>ji, or by dumaon with uncontamiI'.'P' l au However, vhere accepted enyir.eeri `jt; control measures have not been c i e l -- ('I 4 w when nccr-ru-y by the nature of v o / Involved (ior example, while cstablishtn!,- w ntrols or occasional entry into haza-.n!n 's n(tnospliei es to jicrform maintenance ci iu-a.it y r n o n ) , employee^ may work for n o au'.PIp per-ods oi tune In conceidrafions <. uini-me contitannants exceodiuy; perrniss. raa levels if they me protected oy appropi nit.- respiratory piofective equipment. \Vac'cv-'r respiratory protective equipment i i o 4.-d a p i c p ^ a m t n e l e c t i o n , m ,,Intenance, t r t ihny, fitting. s u u T v i'to n , cleaxting, and 11 'C `' L u l m e e t t h e t o i l o w i n g m i i r m u m loquiia-m erits: F E D E R A L REGiSTLft, V O l . 39, N O . 1 2 7 -- - M O N D A Y , J U L Y 1, 1 9 7 4 RULLS AMD f:fGULATIOMS 2-1317 *a) M ining Enforc*'uv nt an d Safely Adm i n i l i o n im p ro v e d ri-apiratcrr. v.-hirh nit, ap p ; r. M'.lf a n d .s uitable i:><: t h " pnrpo*^ i n t e n d e d fdxall bo f u n d .nod, ,uul f in p lo y c cs s h a l l u->e t h e p i o l e c t U a e q u i p m e n t in a c cordance w jth train h q ; ^nci i n j u n c t i o n . ib) A n-spnatnr pioiia.n coi^es'ent whh t h e r e q u i r e m e n t m AN'M. Z8S -! ObO, n u llslied by th " Am euccn Nationa1 Standards In stitu te and entitled "Amcr'oan National S t a n d a r d - Pir. :Lu,*s for Ib 'a p n a to ry P r o t e c t i o n ANSI Z8`i 2 19GCV ' ap p r o v e d A u g u s t 11, 1909 which if iicr^rv u corporate! by refer ence and made a part heieof This pubpcation may be obtained irom the American N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d s I n >1it ate, I n c , 14*10 Broadway, H e'/ York, New York 10018, or may be examined m any Metal and Non m etal Mmo Health and Safety DT.trict or S u b d is tr ic t 0*i:ce of l.ic M inin', E n fo rce m en t and Safe tv Administration (e) W hen respiratory p i c t e d i o n Is used in atmospheres linmt JiateK haim ful to life, ibe presence of at least one o l io persoxt w u h b a c k u p e q u i p m e n t :j n i l e s c u e c a p a b i l i t y s h a l l be r e q u i r e d in t h e e '-unt of f a i l u r e of the respiratory equipment 3. S t a n d a r d bb.G-fc p r o m u lg a te d o n D e c e m b e r 3, 3970 f?5 PP, 18587), is revised to read a i follows: 55 0 -5 y c i " d ' l o r y A reas s u r r o u n d i n g m ay a/in ce. a n d f.-f'iP.t io:; for t h e s t o r a g e of b l a s t i r q a r e u t s `- h ah ae Kept clear of r u b b i s h , b r u h. d r y i as-, or trc--r ( o t h e r t h a n live t r e e s 30 or m o r e foci t a l l ) , for a d i s t a n c e n o t lev- t h a n 9I> fe et i n all d i r h e m p*. a n d o t h e r u n a e c t n '- a i y ' ' o m n i i o t i b ! ' i%' I' ' M b for a clk>t a n e e of n o t less tr .a u GO feet. 4 New idcnciaid 53.G-12 is ad d ed to l e a d l 5 i o d o w s . Go G 19 .'f ;'*:ab7 1 Prra m interior repair of i..cihcje'. i'.<r ,o;<v;e ~f e .pi i . i s iiKor.cI- iu y b h *m >> m v t( d - c 'nrecl v/iib-U 1b " s h e a be jc-movccl cncl th e m 1erior l-iior to tpe v.rruOr r e p a i r of ;.i m i n c h d a c ,Jl (r a m a h P o u a v.iHrn tjv m r c]i ill be renw.vt ci if c exb.h- a pus.* n b tv t h a t Mm:' r e ra .is m .y procuu'c a cp.-ik or i m r f*. T n e explosives renan.-cl T om .acre ye lacii m-s to ne rc- p a i i c b unrui i.-e p], ceil c x i i f , iu o 'C m r.ior- 8ge ; n c i ' K g n r o j : line foi tb- sti.r.-rr, oi sutli ]ar.l.u,-K ncdt-i thi, in or a ,-:r:> d i s t a n c e lic-m t h e fa c ilitie s c o d ".' it-p cT w h ere Uicy i.b-ri] be p...g-eri,y . R.rURl i.sii p r o . r c t e d c o t . ' t h e r ' p a n s y v,-o b e e n c o m pleted end tl.: inu.ciniis lui.e m en returned to s i o i . y c s i ' . 1!'.'. Dm i.icii.Res. 5 5 . f> rA. . c n ii e d ' 5. N ew s l a n d a r c i 5 5 .8 -6 i j a d d e d t o read as follow s: 55G -6 M a n d a t o r y T h e r,<y,_;en I n t a k e c o u p lii'y o n i t t - p i e r c i n g av e r - sl.t-.U tie c o n strue led so th a t only the oxygen hose car. b e c o u p l e d t c it.67 6. N e w s t a n d a r d 5 5 .8 -7 is a d d e d t o read as ioiiows: 55.8 -7 NincCiaiory T h e r o - n b u s D o u c h a m b er ol a le t rl: ,11 st.-m w h i c h h a s b een s i t ting unop.'fjied m a cinii he'd shall be ^flushed with a suit mlc soitein alter the stem is pulled up 55.32 [Amciidcii] 7. S t a n d a r d 55.12-82. p r o m u l g a t e d o n J u l y 31, 1') ( '.) (34 I K 125;j 7) is m a d e m an d ato ry and revised to read as follow s: S i l d - S ? s a 'C i . r i o r y J r 1p ecD o n anrl cover plates on c,; u r : a1 c g in p m eu i 1e I'm ctio n b.mr.s s' -,ji }... l.epi. p i n , a. t.,] rune--' c a re p t durii,-; tesi.iug re ic p r i.c 5 5 . 1 5 1Amend.'!] 8. S t a n d a r d 55.13-12, prom uli.at-'d on F e b ru a r y 25, 13 iii (35 H t 3501 i, is revoked. 5 5 .1 0 | Amende <11 9. S t a n d a r d 55.1 P-7, pi o m u tp a te d on Judy 31, 1969 (34 F R 12509) is revised to lead as follows: 55 19-7 V a i'.d '.to r y All m a n h o is ts sh all b e provulecl w ltir cic'vicci to p n - i e i u o " e i travel. W hen utilized in shaft" exceeding 100 i c e t in d e a t h , c u c h h o - s i s s vic.li a i m b e pro-, id e d w ith o t c i s p e e d devices. 10. New s t a n d a r d 55.19-13 is a d d ed to read as follows: 55 19-13 M a n d a to r y . W h ere an v diesel or sinusur fuel-injection engine is used ' o power a hoist, tne engine shall be equipped with a dam per or other cutoil m its air m taln sys t e m . T h e c o n U 'ol h c o c t i e s h a l l be i .. -.u . y ir.belccl t o i n d i c a t e t vi a t its l i i t e n d c d l u r . c tio n is for e m e rg e n c y stop,-.ting only: 11. S t a n d a r d 55.19-26, prom ulf-ated on Ju ly 31. 1C69 (34 r S 125C9) v m a d e m andatory and revised to read ar i d lows: 65 19-26 M a n d a to r y . S a fe ty device a t t a c h m e n t s to h o is t l o o i s shoil be selce ted, m str.iicd, a i 'd m a i i i t a i n e d a i c u i r 'inc to m .u iu iu c ,, u re rs ` -; . s , cc;. `:'a r , tc u n n in i'r.e i n t n i i a i cniro^ioii ana v-cal'eninr oi the hoist mpe. 17 New .standard 55.19-119 is added to reud as follow : 55 19-H.D Ma ;dr to. Snaft ins;- cti an a n d ic p e ir v,oil. m n-ir.:,.! ' s h . s lie p c r i o i i ' i c d fre r-i s u b - r a w . , i p s . b r . i m s ciiibOj,,1' 5. y, ith. 1: a o r e q u i v a l e n t u . e . - 1 c.ui p ro o '".mu. the beginning of the standard and if a slandiud had been recommended by the Federal Metal and Noiuue'g.l Mute Safely Advisory Committee, such standard v as identified by the letters "MNMSAC." tin d e r the provisions of subsection 6<e' of th e Act (30 U.S.C. 7 2 5 (e )' a s t a n d a rd rccomiiiended by the Advisory Commit tee was not subject to hearings. .Subject to the prousions of subsection Cue) of th e A ct a n d m a c c o rd a n c e w ith th e provisions of subsection 0 (d 1 (30 U .S .t'. 725(d) i on or before t h e la s t day of the period fixed foi the submission of writ:?:i data, views, or aigum ents, any pci.ion who may be adversely aifecied by a pro posed s t a n d a r d which h a d n o t Deen n c o m m e n d e d by th e Federal Meta) and Nonmetal Mine Safety Advisory Com m itte e was afforded a n o p p o rtu n ity to File with the Secretary of the in terior w rit te n objections t h t r e t o .Mating th e ground.', for such objection an d reqm-n,iiig a public hearing i-atbjccf to the /.a m m iM nitne Viocedure Act) on such sub ject. In te re ste d persons were requested ro subm it w ritten data, views, argum ents u n i r .nests lor lie trin fg to the Adnui.u.t: b o , . Mining hrhoi-cement and S .ifr'y Ad 't.n is tra tn .il (MIMA) on or bc-.fern O ctober 13, 1973. No h e a li n g s were requt-sud on the piopo'-eu : n da ids w i n c h i w c o esiim ated a.-, 'Tiis.itbitory ' bjr th e S ecretary oi th e 1' w i.'-r, e n d ai! of th e d 'te. wev.s e n d i.rg im '-'its ieeet''. d coui.'-nnng Die : .'ncttirda were g iv n ci.r 'iii contK :H)-,,t!on. T h e co i n . a n t s a n d rc-'o rn tu '-n d ati m s ft (<>'<.1 i R i i u i u l i '.p i-.i'i v r :!: ; sta n d - lo . -\eyy- si a i u i . - . ! o o . r i e - is.,; Is . u . - e u to n t a as ionov.s: 55 19 I L j y, ar d r a s J T o u - t n c n tlir.li c.-,i im ii i' t . u i r i i o u i s a i . 1 ,, h a h t o n ovcili's . cJ, dr d r . u i i c o i i n l - . position n.cacate.rs. and b i . n ; - a n c l ia n r - iin . : t t i l l r e g i n n ' n g oi e a c h shift ' (1 R D o c 7 4 -1 4 9 7 8 r i l e d 8 - 2 8 - 7 -1 ,8 :4 5 a m ] FART f.C-- H nA LTF AMD TV-TTY STANDAi.'U a - - AK'tt, ( K . V Y . L , A N O C S U b l i L i l r.TCNC. O i'c F b d ilP i jS M isceliapeons A m endm ents P u r s u a n t to th e ; u t n o n t y ve.sied m tire S e c i e t a r y o f t h e T . v w i o r u n d c - r s< - n o n 6 of th e F e d e ra l M e i n a n d K oiiju. ' ,-bic M i n e S a f e t y A c t ( 3 7 l 1 -T-C. 7 2 5 ) i s e n velo p , r e n t e a n d p.-ciniiJc tic h e a l th a n d s a f e t v . s t m i d a r - ' s i o : i n e t . i i a n d n o n i n . L. 1 1 m i n e s , lire: c ',-r,s i i L K w ' b r-n V v ' ' i : w - d e y , A u - p is f 2", 197.7, a n - j i 'e e o f r ' t d r u l e t i p k i n g m t / r > F i d f c a l l a G n - m i nS F R 2 3 3 3 4 - 7 3 3 8 0 ) , i d a r i e n d P a r i 5 3, n .!>- c h a p t e r N , C i - p | U e t 1, T i t l e 3 0 , Co-: o f F e u d a l R e g u l a t i o n s , b y l e v m n g i .i h ; r e voking cm tain 'u u u ii.v d r o u r n w lv m f o r c e a n d b y a d d ; o , g n e w s ' u p d u r d s 17 o n of Die standard.-, c o n ta in e d m th e notice w a s u e v e 'o p i d o r l-w u-eu -'.tcr e o n -ult.i- t i o n v , 't b th e 17 d. a d M e te d a n a > o n - n u t ; ! 5 i.n o Kiilt-ly A d v is o ry r o n t n i d l e e a p p o in te d mib-iu-.m to sectio n 7 of th e A ct (30 U S C. 770 i . T h e nolicc- i m t h e " p ro v id ed tin 1 e ac h !r-)jo ed s K iiu , .,id yyhich i.i a a p u - d r t . , r y s . >r,ciu n i - -j d e . - i r n i . n d by ! l ie Wc-rd, M - n d a t o i y " y.'l u c ' i -sc o a t n u r'-a t-o n of t'bc piup''"---d 'vv: .ion to snu-ar-Rl 57 19-24 iff. J R 2t7!'9) t - n . r t r i i m g wire to pe a t im ucnt-. lc ; n ; n d ciT rr td : t n a t th e J 'cjicrtniiuit i t i a y i'll--w 'Iice a d d itio n a l levicv. studv e n d au sly sis ol su c h c h a n g e s p r '-ii to ta km ;: fuiiher action wmi re.j'cct to tins sta n d a id . Mo-.t oi flic comm; ,-is r e 'en ed w.'io in R v'ionse tc. j.-iopo'-ed hes m st-andeid 36 b-1 (38 F R 23333J. An- a, n suit of these comments the iohowung changes are made' S t v u c a r d 5G.S--1 (a) EdiToriai c h a in -r: have been rnacie in j n n u u . j d r - iai an a 1 1-' to ei.'Rfy t h e A-quirem cnts of th ese provisions: and *b i 7'iie T n resh o ld F im it Velucs p u b ii-ned m th e 1972 edition of the Auh-i j i c:i Conference of Covcrnmcnipd In d u st-i.d Hy"ier.Rts jiuhlicalion have been n. 'a ted Uj th e C ciifcrem 7. 19.'3 ed ifirn w h u'h supersedes a n d re p ric e s t h e 1672 coition, and i o An 8-hour time weighted average expostu e of personnel to tiibome conc in t ia t io n s of a.-dicstos dust h as been specified m p a ra g ra p h tb) ; and. hi; The tc-un "asbestos" as tiscd in ji.'.iagruplt (b> is (ielmed to inciiKi' only cm v.souif, amositc. ci or ic.ohte, aiitb o p liv l'te asosstos trem ob'.e a.'-rv 'to:., and. actinoiite asbestos, or those m m c ia 's which arc essentially known a , m b:.sirs inuieial',. T n c latter thres- nuneR'!R use the v.;ui a-bestus brenusp 'he r i p m r .'.iiii .la m e is u v d io " bo th 1ho b c f l i i c t m and n o n -a s b r s t j/o i ii i v , n '-'..c- FEDtftAl KFGISTf-R, V O L . 3?, N O . !27- - V . O h D A Y , J U L Y 1, 1 9 7 4 15:',% RULES AND REGULATIONS sponsible f<sr nrornulga.Mnf' "'cl e n f o r c in g o^ci{j.' i 'di'! 1.'i fciy un'i necdth ; l a n d - ariis a n d ci. <-i !:ni: con'ix-u d case'', s u b jet l io )i:du ; ' ! ix view. (b) T n e S ia t o p ro g ra m 'a ill prott l nil em p lo yee1; w ith in t h e S ta te , m liithn;; those employed by tin; State and its political -.obdivr ions. Public employees pro to be yivxitxd t h e sam e p r o t i v i m i r as' a r e afforded employees in i lie p m e to sec to r. T h e S t a t e p l a n does n o t cow r *'in- pioyees of the Fedoted government or those employees whose vuik-.m: condi tions aie regulated by Fecffnd ,,giiira ; other than the United States Dpart ir! e m of I,a to r . te,1 The Wyoming Occupational Health en d S a tr ty Act gives the S late ; enev full ouihuiity to administer and to en fo rce ail lives. ru les, r.ncl o rd o is p ro te c tin.? employs c safety a n d h e a lt h in nil places of employment ;n the Slate. The ieyislat.on provides employer and em ployee repif-seal rtives an opportunity to accompany mipeciurr, be-ice or dm mg t h e plivn'csl it'spoci.io'l , I a ;. / , a ; ;; ; lace l o r the po.-o of idol a? ui !i in- ],cal am ; a d e q u a t e ; a i r-ga,ar.s to n i o '. i c t tr a d e se c re t y; effec'x. <. san ct aie - : g r i m f , e m ploye,."- p ro ie 'la,n ot I n o ,- , ,,gain st d n y h a r ",: o r d F ti n f f , a u i . i ; j.iuvedures `.o r p a n e t r " i . u n i o r e lm u r - d i o n of unm eet da te, nui: tions; ih i rmiit to ixr.a.r. v e m p .-y e isa ii i employee , of ;>.<- loyco ; ;olc n b a t:`m._nt p c - ' n i s a n d propr- r ; - ncuiits: anti prompt notice to c a plo..vrs a.' n <m p l o y r - t o f alleged vio la; ;o;r. oi s i a n r '-' id:; a> d c.baternent re l, el ,. (<1 'lllh t '*t't -Pp rhht;l<y i i,M,o bmlii ^ P ro e e -a a e s . -g' ' / ; , . n r , i t a, .1 i_r, gs varu* icc.;; v , ; , , , . :,o em pio.,--': t.r (heir t .'ore.'' i t s i ben r.o : n.qu.'aii.'e ac tion Is 'M e n a, le s i d i in' a <x p p l a i n i , i':elucmar p r r n 'd n r c s m r in i o n , ; d r e v.eyv; in i 'o s v ..'io n to co ip la y 'c s on h a z ard s . pi ,y a n : ' . o r -, symptom:-. ay,a c m e i - pei-.cy tzea ;......i ; raid tr end'.', m - d e d u c a ti o n p r o g i a m s fo r car pray ci s a n d employees, including an on-;,do con- eulta'icn profi ,tm consistent -vith the crileiia set oat in the Wa: hingion Plan dec,cion (Ml F R 2 1 2 .1 ). (e) Tne State intends to promulgate Federal h.iiid a a s covem.g all ot the issues c c h u .'in rd in P a r t s l y l o mid 192G of this chanter but wiil not co'x.r those found in Parts 191G. 1917, a n d 1918 of this c h a p an- (ship1 rcpaiiing', ship building', ship breaking, and loeyshorin g ). T h e S ta te -itso plans to a d o p t a d d i tional vertical standards relating to oil well chilitng and servicing not provided by the Fdrai program. Future Federal stan d ard s shall oe prom ulgated by the State within six months after promulga tion p? the Secretary of l abor. In the case of product standard* the State has provided assurances that any Smtc prod u c t s t a n d a r d s will be re q iu ie d by' c o m pelling local conditions and will not u n duly burden interstate commerce. if) The plan sots out gords and pro vides a timetable tor b nm hnx it into full c o n fo r m it y w ith P a r t 190.' of (hi-: c h a p ter. All personnel employed to can y out the pian are to be hired under the Wyo m ing Personnel Merit System which r i n f o rm s t,n s t a n d a r d s e sta b lish e d by tin United Sratx~, Civil terv-tee Corn i l , . .> ion. Tl.o p la n ,d ;o c o n ta i n s i d e t.u in l cicMiimUon of th e resources t h a t a rc l/j bo aevoied to it. g 19.",.!.f i l l W here th e p la n n,a; be inp.'f'ti'.l. A copy of the plan may be inspected and coined tim ing norm al busmesv' hours a t !ne lullov.nv' locations: U.S. DcpiU'tm e.it oi Laboi. O i.xc of th e Associate A ' i-' a n 1 Sixod.uy tor Regional Pro m i s , ( >x ii]),11;o:i ,1 Ualety a n d H ealth _-V, ;t r a t on, 1,'oom fUO, 172G M h tr e e t, KvV , V, a h u r g n , D.C. 20210; A ssista n t id a,(!., j are,do r. O c c u p atio n al S a fe ty nr, . im.rn h A,in-,n,, i ai km, U.S. n .i y a r t ,,:r r cu I.ahs,,'. P kj . T o \ OGGh f e d e r a l i i r n ^ r r ' , 19G1 :w,. S'.act., Dcni'er, Colo i ,('<> ; \i.:u2; an d .h<; o c c u p a t i o n a l H e a lth a.a S .d e tv D rp u tn e.it, 2C0 F a s t 8Ul .Venue, p.o. Box bien, Cheyenne, Wyo ming 82001. y I!!f>..8i2 lavi-i .,f Federal eiiforronien l. P u r s u a n t to 5 3902.20'bi (1) <in, o f litis ch au ler, th e p re s e n t level of F e-lo c) euiorr! n e n t in Vry o n v r-f will n o t be dii.'.irusiic'd. A n i o n ' o L!ier t-hiius, th e I J i r L i i P a l e s L'e p c r u r .c n t of X,id n- will er.jilm.ue to in v e n ie n te eatascropj; s and f< i-.-hUes. iriveshf are valid e o m p lain ts u n d e r section 8*.'.) of tn e O ccu p y ;lo n a l S tU-iy amd H eeitr. A ct of 1970, c o n tin u e ir= irre, in d u s u y n o d !-v'get lie r h li iroiuc.rr a n d n is p e c i a r i o t s see'.urn ut ail hviu m e ; o n a c. " ..oio boxes ot. leas t 'icdii su m .b crd ; r : e >cou m lg aied, in e ,, ve.-frju;: Am:;,. re 'so Pro c.Iiuo Act a n d th e F a ir A ir,,! ,.;. , r u t P ra c ti ;>; Act o r ; a m c n d c c a n d t . jj. t r a w o regul.tt'.ous m e a d o p n d, i i r v e l o i e , F e u e m ! e n ir r c e i n o i'.t p.ctr ity ;w:i c o n tin u e to tiie d o ' rro n c c e s s a r, to are occ.up.iiior.a.1 so; :ty an d b e id m i' ui, ct.on to employees ui F c c u r e ot yummr, and evaluoi/on :f th." P l a t e p la n a;; im p le m e n te d , will bo n o d e on a co d u r.n a x basis to assess th e a p p ro p ria te level of Federal cm o rc e iront nctivity. fb'd.S IIS Dei i'lujue.ioUil s*'ii< dub-. (a) Adoption of F e r m i standards as S t a t e sUmdaicis by 1-eiiru ary Ji'.y, io) A d tnm it ti e *i; o /t'g n 'atior.s for re-ionhicewints an d v.-ovung, varionecs, posting reiiini'ciuf ntr, employee com plaint procedure., n ' -relions under the Act, employee expe ru'' Io toxic in i te is, providing iiilor.uaiion to employees on their exposure to hazards, personal proiactive criuipur'iH, medical exam ina tions, a n d m o nitvi'in ;, s a f e g u a r d 'll? tia d e sec.iets, adsninisi' ative review' of cits,timis, proposed pi indues, a n d a b a te m ent penods, to besme effective by Ju n e 1,1974. (o' Amcndtncni ; to the Wyoming Atilriu ictro tu e Pioc'dui,. Act to be sub m itted to the Stare Legislature J a n u a r y 1975 a n d to becom e effective byr May 1,1975. (d> M a n a g e m e n t I n f o r m a t io n S y stem to be cun.,deled Au .u .t j, 1074. " ic) M ont staffirg for administration ot ho program to be completed by Au gust 15,1974. (f) A m e n d m e n ts to th e S l a t e 's FabEm ploym ent P>a dices Act to be s u b m itted io the State Legislature which co n v en e; J a n u a r y 14, 1975. S igned a t W a sh in g to n , D.C., th is 25Ui d a y of April 1974. J o h n S i'e n u e r , Assistant Secretary c/ Labor. [I-'R To e.7-1-10 2 06 Filed 5- 2 - 74; S :-15 n n j Title A0-- Protection of E nvironment CHAP Tit I-- ENVIRONMENTAL. PROTECTION AGENCY SUBCH APflli} C-- A1P PRCGfiAMS P A R T A0-- STA N D A RD S O F P ER FO R M AN CE i:OR NEW STA TIO N A R Y SO U R C ES Additions and Miscellaneous Amendments Correction in F it Doc. 74-47S4 appealing a t page 9307 as the P a r t I I of th e issue of Friday, M a r c h 8, 1974, a n d co rr e c te d o n page 1377G in t h e issue of W ednesday, A p u l 17. 1974, on page 13770, " p a r a g r a p h c." should read as follows: e. Tin; form ula in p a ra g r a p h uii should read as follows: (cl) P a r t ic u l a te em ission r a t e s h all be determined by: (,.,i - C , Qi, ( M etric o r E n g li s h U n its) .vhere: I,, --TVrlicuLate m a t t e r m ass emissions, m r 'h r (English units: !b/Ur). c,,, .F-. r i n 'U . i t u ii.-itte- i'(,'ic;-utratJnn, rur ru sh u n its' ln/,:'s,'i|. Q - Youu.v..'. ic ;;,tu.k , ; i m v r a t e astir. ;isiggitr, unite. P i.t/h r , : u s s),all 1; .*cleh r r m a c u u a,g y . 't s i x s 2 u n i J, peciivcly. PART 61 -- NATIONAL EM!0:ON STAND ARDS rO ii HAZARilCUS AIR POLLUT ANTS Asbestos. Beryllium, and Mercury P u r s u a n t to section 132 of t h e Clean Air Act, as a m en d ed (42 IJ..S.C. 1857c-7), the Administrator of the Favironmcntal Frotoction Agency pioivjleuted national emission sLuidaius for the hazu cuous air pollutant;; asbestos, bervlliun, ana m er c u ry on April C, 1973 (38 F i t 8320), T h e subsequent enforcement of these regula tions has demonstrated a need for the ciiUTiyius revisions whicn follow. These revisions are necessary to auvise the public of how the regulations are being interpreted m Agency enforcement ac tivities. The revisions promulgated here in do not a iter the stringency of th t regulations. A ch an g e to S u b p a r t A, G e n e ra l P r o visions, v. ti tell applies to all affected sources, is promulgated. The deihntion of 'alternative raxthod" is rev bed to indi c a te m o re clearly t h a t it j.s n o t a ``r e f erence m ethod" or "eciuivnlent m ethod" auu to make the definition consistent w ith t h a t used in 40 C F ft P a r t GO, s t a n d ard;: of Perform ance for New Stationary Sources. P E D D I A L RECISTtR, V O t . 39, H O . S 7-- F R I D A Y , M A Y 3, 1 9 7 4  The ar;dicabi'.H.y of th l'eidos ir**-- X , ,( .yen, a-. u'1 ,ni,' l:' ^ te, i.Cs o;is'.il bobrrs', <ar !n; i1 <ii,. alnLof. ss hr-. iv-.u'd in i' s t< in,T :'u - 1 iJC:;bo baci d/ .r ..i_ o(vj;imor;s .viin lisire sivaii.-b oli 1 C'iu. .i . T *'td 1`;u " Ibudul ass ,! tii: inai r.; ri old imor to j.,'1 ,,ui fremi tlv Ind ux L iuto ;v. :M.i !*vi-- oocnn;: 'n uno!:y *m ivo:;'.- 1`1 lP. f,ffn tirai Au-n,,, > ;vestieh b u i nido K-;';. , d.O T f llf 'Ih y '11 ia : Jij l ':I 2 dui) *a1)'*D f` 'dir . 1 'ij:.'f; "1 ..Od1:T ,;- - :.m ;* , ^ 1 UUT fu*' ' t 1 >!' . .fiali-in s'ala;a Unii !! " 1 hi II -, .io: '.ater.'.O lir; io he i - Noi'lh (.isolili i 27711. A d e ii.U'ii: Air. \ ...r f ' r i'.,! a ; {'o <'?.* M T-nun, i t. e not u.eetJv Uu- SU S s- Pon K. lood.vi'1 : '- J0 CU' . 1 ; c te- Tl' , - . mi f U y, 1 u C. A. M-'Hatf.aiit '- sa',',d 3.Un un' 'In lo Uie propri.! >1-,Ooatjo:\ (3 9. V .. '"" ` .-3 ! ; m m m . .*** lo e' .1 1 ' o a. is r.ot iia. < .-V V iOl FI 232.!!') r. :,iT i OT . .Vv- .! , 1 \S '1 ! 'si il.Ut , : ". n.U (o 1/v irii m \ri 2. Bacu'i mix! imormatrti t-t-Co ior j"S - 0 V . 1 ,, . : ih Mett . .* - !::i" i .r. sl.'i a > thr. propf r j u;C idi: (AlPU >: .TM; < e'*T- he * di'' M .V 1 iT 3.Film Me tot ho promihn"-'f i i<';u;hu'ui i a. -o ;n t.. .. r. 1iip ,1.si tII1 ui: .1 t' t'1 . i '- (30 FR LUX) 4. Bocuil/I od informili lon 'coniont ?(,? th promulgateti rrculation (mtj`j jv-isoa) t . ( (*t f-c. -.'Ile . . ' ` 1 ' '' !' v n> " . : a .t ( ' `t' , fiuti".' ' t1 ............. . v m, t : > '- *V.t ' / , . * *.* i.V iis ;* u c e ; ?u 1 m :u( M . Comnieiil.- froro ',,ha (nvneia, o r c;)Ctf ti)' t '..- A > d :' u ; * f Tn .1 il M U11.' ' . 'Ts m i t 1 , ,- ., | o i af'e ele d so m e e s ar.c f r i n \ Mr.cy 3*e- in t ,. n o i ; , u ' " , r ; v . ; r. 'u lo' , ,. i ed or t. i < ifr gional muore.-.,leni, perso* ine ie.\'e ri;i- ] s 1 T'M, r : C U S'-'il on S- ' , sn Uiuv! ! catari, Lev tvts', inai, th io'o d `-nomo t'f 4' *"'V 'vmJ nd i \ A 1*1, t u '.dii.di: t1 'la Ih '1. bc speco ico-iy expio.-s-.d in ito-U ,;cOi Use . 1 >^ ! A ' "id :- ;.,'To oi-dur !. ,- li'..' H" a ' ' M' - refuritioc. Cu.. drate Ibi, ..uA;u: -, detenni! .a.i ;h , tue a..:< of i!>' i.;m l t' poied H".,u! a ;he',et Le ., i1:', m ,t four ileimmo:.'aro* vrhmt io Ci.*V,,V (/;- a p p l i r c >;;,! >! y;* CL(7 O, ,c_-t :u , t c . - ile ' ` ' ! 1 ,1.'. * -i t. 1 ` `t ) '> i , :. Ino d 'C .J- \ r.,n !i d ,s . MS ' -!:. ,Oi *? . ; ' , a io . (: ' ' 1 *iir ; . -a : :t-:f M.r no-. C-MIU 1 1 ; , ff 7 .:i OM; ,- 1 \f-hd ' t , i u *i1 '; ) , , v idi odi. , , .i.. ; \ . . . * t t_ ' mv. , ;m , _ _ li. NaCo.i.'il :AulscOii rti ''.(u n i io' Asbc.stos. T h e cKiin itoli 01 " coti.' crei al a- beMoc," v. aride J fo d-.slin.'U! a` .' p *?i' a-bestos tliat i3 nroauc'"; cs c Mv.UtlM nnd n-'./v. lo; LMt OCCHI r ;=, con,.'.::- inriit L :u. o1 i; -bar 1 Ssls, sud to mi '-e ;l re . ' `tl he. ] '0 'M i .0 0 i03 ; , n [ . { ,, l i - V ' / ie <<: \ y : , l i O X MVfl t \ ' v i-iv :!; ; e celli;.': P e .< lo ririvi .'h'n Mi n i ;**. it 11 M M Ufi v '; ; -t., : i .i t 1 r- i U - - -,-vu- . . '. a i c*po! i i -r V e `Mo . - Si '. 1 i ( A l ' T D - ' i i A, t J r :)o'. i ` ; 0 s (v-t'i'rij h; IO: t ' .''' e - < `0 >; ; r;:s vre; ;'h o ".t-ii.; i'.! i v u/M' i Jji.iI'U- h ' f i ' l i t ' O O'T'V .1*10.,5. 111.,, T o 0/ OilOT fP ` 1 1 ' fi io ; j,i h * a.i - d'Cr.-i 1 . i r 1 , .3' X>c. ; ; , 0 ,0 `-'i.- . Ishd, 'il. 3 > . . ; . i* . io: . >- > fi/WUitlHo L> o , /i .< 'V; l l! . * r ' p r o u iu '.j-sr !.oi' `a .1 o. J'L. ;- : d r.m tienimi u L l ih T 1a- '<:<.1 11 iT 'Olii- in;; oi ; s ri ' in-. u nei il 1. 's A \ x , ; A: . \ v i opoicLo*' , 15f: ..oi. t \ . \ . is v CU- ms.ior ; / t\ *: r ,it)'' ! , I i - p r c i i m r VTa ti-,1 ; ; t,OH .IL )- p ariiiic -d o; c a1'.! . Cflr. ,f a r . satei V tl fai'-? a 'o `.oro.,ih',: Ino t ht. o: of-' oj pshe>tc> in 1 ;jie. lite rei ' 's pruioni- 1 m; ~ - : .r.ent- ' <- hi : -Tl ci.`*n, . ; l ` m un.daf.t'u ' ! , ; .... d T v . . ' : . . " M re ino t ' sn- M !/! '''1 -' O- tifi '; t . .t .V ,. u fi nr.ni ' n TiP' ' . ' r, (i -,: t JJJ.C. U , ''e. o * 1 . ;'' '''OM (-t ` .u :. 1 e, m e: :. - : ? i. ;O-T) .om ' 1 .,a; ' '1 comi iS t -at* . . 1. > 1 .. ' j . Oo\- V,, , .- T 1' i ni- J o - - ' 1 : *turr , 1 , _` 3 1' ,^ - li - L d* ' il'j i s s i -i ' t -i- ' 1;v ! *. i , >: c.. ' : c. . . 'u; i: " M. , ' ( . i ;. T . : \ < 'L'. V, -t ;.y C-< i . ' -: ' c d-u i ' a u - \ ).('(' .,. : - i >i j t ' ' a.' ' ; t f y f ' n t-s J .. -Mi {, '' ! s hd oi i.. ,:ust s- t-' 1 \ i'.t u 1 i cjioi C t.. ' : 11- r > cui* I t s ii saiscn et..- n i. -, 'i u; t . ss 1. , CO! ISt 1U.I t- t - Mi- r` m :: t ' . nu o ` ctC*'nii. U r S 1 lv> ,: un r nim odi . Tifi h'- US! J, 1 ' 7*e Inmi-su.-" ,fu.i T v d , 1` } i \TU 't U f "U) , LTV . , u o: a'-he ; - f f M and tu V. fiAOCMle.' u c .l t ;*uvi cd r t a-cia d. d ra!,;- toa ie u .. A et.U011 i ' ;'u.. and ineu (I' `' , jsuai'T'' ` i. -1-'U'.'u r. 0-.U i i' .-r, n >m: t <: Jf . 11` " MI - - : >t.'nc fan", Un, ' 1 m h,Uitv *m m Jf-nir.'1 M ' i, , i u : e'- n ' 'f :3 t... Vi'-( . Iss'-tr! : V Uif iL U> i r. de , 1 ' , f. '!VV !' . 1 : .e.-': .. . . . U ' : ' ' t h. ; i': * . " `V f '/ ' . : u ' 1 t v,o r 1' - ! ' ' , U V e.:, is *y : U ' u v , rV:M p : \ ' V, .a J' 6, J .,,* U.'l u u n : I th ' 1` `t' i ' . i.A.t < M I mm 1- n l a h 'U', n u i 'f, v..Ilil a u - ul -ri il", u <M 7. :u- . ; i n a l i t u r i s O'mS mU .'iislr fa j 1 ' ,T ( .'VAIO , 1i . V ,V' .Mf il . 1 !j ilOV] : :a f a ' ni alia.' Il a1LOOP, yli . l i u t i ' >n . a . V >a,-; r e i iMor. - r,i ..u M - l ' t u f a . o s. , ,a-s bue do noi f f l'M.U* t : hi: miy a, i n i not io,. 'T U IMI sM :u ,x .. li ' sMr.sios, bei.'. Jttuni. a .al ir. ( ve iti y : i.i) 'rete ir a pi e-,. fa- d lo ...al u ie tii. .e i uu;- ,,o L a ti t'1 ' s .s u r : m m lsU t ( m b * r m i o r i n 'y m.1 : .j i irn: Ij i n d a s ' ? ; i ' i Olf'ai V /I U i*li l*t u. iv rnc A;.*t < < : . 1 l! S a ia te . l:,* AL.-' .m tcT hu^ d.doijU i II.ir. pai/d Iicuin xu'-.-lv da:; r l'O ](U!- lation:', p rem i :!; ite.ii "itirsl G i .373. a: ri do n o t i n v i ve pie 'io.-u eni.3 c o .';'- j!i!! Mi*.; o u te n n i( r n i i v , ,-M' M_.cn Tfn, It'u.S V, .'V. sd .:.1 . !.. .!-- n ,'.SCCile* ( * .- IT ' J. d u c f u n . .. ;.. v e m a n d '', u tlfC' i - i ` .)'7 li iV 1 s u d j en.r, UU (i ' ' A1, , 1 " " ioad-s . : .. il ih m :.Viv .vS to p u b u n 0 iif.h'L- hi presane. 1 uvirT.cdduy or oel s ' T- (PUv - t u e oMi-ol Pois i.m c iu in u v i set ; ; or Ine im a ons : u o iir.s ii'jt clone ; o. AobesUn ir ai so a coin.Ln'oi; .III..i \ 'CO- n it c o;e. 11! 'A s51 i l r s lim e 1).'PO'- t'S t ti . i abbcsloy r e i1, e ru f .>!.i t h ir .1dm. oi 4K!i ores sh o p ld be r o \ crasi l u ;! r* h. ; 'tinii >1:.iv pollili m i i : `hi ilio)ss : hf il1-., T' ' `i , i. 1 -a, , 1 ST U fi Vi Vi . .1'. : Mio. : ~ i OV or ( , '.0! ^ 1 ) ,> ; h,t* / t, , K'V pvm', t.i; i - -, r.m ' Oi I 0 ` T c'U Cult . .s c ' : M A ii f"', ' U - ' d d f j . : ; j. -ria- ! si.. "lIliK'Itt oi th !. 1 fPi/.liOlV pronu ' . e d isiirsusint io sv flu MI* o. th C:,f,Vi Air Acc, a.-, `.aH odi J 1 '*J U B.C. 1lloVe- 7 ' . i.nd is che-ruve UXiii ju'nuiajV'ftiion. tlie neiir in i o u ` tO f-'Ol O'o io>r ' oor.im;.: r e g u ia lin 'i;, '-.il1: a v.ouJu tu ac. o 'hiPi : tic . B eeauso ( no 1 <, . -ioas la; e ir j fcah'd a i e on e la n i ic il.o a:, di' Il a Il 1'` . 'U. iOi* ' 1. ' i n o . ' 1 :On Ut, ' Al t ' . 1.1:e : ' .. : r ; a oi . r i ; ; 1U i'. 1 iilM O / ,<t ,*< '* -Mi. >jQ h - f s o ti. t Ui Uni i) ' 1 s iy i o }t ovlue hii. .t .fI l D al eri : to m i ;1J, 1D74. Jo h n Q UAU.FS. A c l i n g A d u n )i " , l r o i c r . Ar.e'icv'.s in te m io r.s a l tlie tur. a Irta il li t idi u n . .: i.T Clnu , c n :<n c f m e u l t ; L;1 P a r i Gl. C h e p r e r I, TiUc ',rt, Code of li varcou.s a ir tsalulunt resi ilalions io r r< oi d s o n , sik i l e .u-i.ts'ia r tinte \ .i-! i '0 i'e d e ra l if"> u la iia n s is pam t. <ied be re.v-b<\.t,Ce V.T) (pubi; 'a ra si 0. i b e m m e th ey t 'i f fon venie u 1 io da.'ooblion , ...tusuo- VisLiiJ' P 1b.pstru. A ar.d i-> se i / a l o e s : ai e n o t bolli : ili'OiK'-uJl O Cui. i ic.it, KPA t- ' Suljj.'ii't 7.-- Goner.-tl a rc.j . l'uno LrUevr; t h a t il O. l'ut, a!'! 'O linole lo ni- s o m u Cjh<> ; ; r d . 1,o " . n u n o . . sr n dny ]. Ceridon Gl.C` ;s at'.icait d L\ r*?\u- elu de r s il te : li.Ils OH rele;:..e.s of a sberlo:. v. m n- V -ni Od 'i 5 (t tlde ;r ',>> la 'U i n , 1j n r a .ssciih 'e.' to ice.'; , > l-EDWAL if viSP-R, V O I. 3 9 , L O . C T.IDAY 3 10 74 . m n -J. f:3 a :-": ' h c n . A ' n c H S fU.'.-t D i .initions. * .. * Ah cima! ivo ni"!'). f f.*. : `-.ur.i.hnc am ,..:hi".nt. v ndi m or .. a e.in - : : :. r *.i 'ics becii t i r i v i ': j A ;i: a b 'v 's S'. i..fT"'. :p ''yj. . . y cases, restJr; h. ' m 1a n s i i ' y '.l.i'j.'-llji fo r to ti>e Susp.v-t 0 -- Nation.-,! Emission Stanca! for Asbesto:!. ? Y>.tiun 61.21 is r.menticd by a d d m r p > ' , (g), (h), U), and ij). a he ,, i W p u : r raphs rond as foUows: ; vf *i Dci liio.'. Frlr.b'o d r n toiH K, n.- to !.' : 1 d ! f'i fu 0.;.'"' , 1 ..Mer, : v or >>- ' .;;>>'>) tb : - d v , m> >, U iy fl.-. a :'., i >. . ; , . r u . . h ' - v c . ' uelure. : 1 : r t i '.s1 ;>' '; v /K "fc ) ! i r s p.i > ' h'*riri '* c ;np ~,i .'<vl-sr>.vi . . ' 'i ; t1 : - 'r.c :s s contre. rr . " , noe. i l 1i. 1.- ftupp. u : ; y / strm. i m ., t;' :.*l / i ; ^ ' or in,,ui,i : u or h 'I' \ i b v l e . materia', ,< , TC'i'n "i n `s or in .'C'-fion- v:'> - . i;t': >i or V t - tll." , <'o-r-pt, th " , ' ( U.e rx.hi P y;, o r io-u-i-lippori,! <; : ': i i ur. i :>l -Ta;.! r P o u i 01 ia s io n e t d. !, <o 'n ri ; ; rati,' ' - i'i-'.-O im ite r-s !-, s' ! i a v et ta 1 ih :; /C ?:-n os ridnps -P t t a v `t t -e '.'c rit.V c 'y to H'U'C tii o, : w-h Ci iu ' t re- n;ni.':t mer u n s "-S Cf (K'.r.lji.l'.Cll e i a 1, r e i a le d n o n J n i ' ; apcrViCiis. TA "A 'b esto s m ill" m e ? 1. en,/ fa c ilita cd in the l'oim ioion or tiuy in ter .' a si rp in t h e c c v v e r s i 'v tu asbestos :to commerciai a shed or. Outside i f esbeslos n 'i'tti'K'i i is noi. con i or.)toi sv.th r.cruy. " mereiai les" mcans any c 'befo vhicl: is proilncea by ni,"-tos i/o ,h p-rbe-nos ore. "io ' e u n i ; r t ' n.i.iii;, the com- ooio i ci .i .e b r io- o r in lite a i : ii i r .o ; : -eu . : i th e con:- : tco roir, a a i;i r om merci."! . a m u ot:.<-r ;r, n n !.u h-p , i n .. miei m i l a* -, a n d tiro or tin s coin .a', l u o a i a t o a : ''V iril in ' !)"<c ) . a ni.;,.'." i:..'/a '' t o m i e e U r ; v .ni;/ loa l-c-u.', stvv.r- ' i i : O1. .12 ir a ir r !. : ''Y re. io' t ' s 1rA , ' C a d ) , d ' ( p n ) , an d u . . . a ; ' ', n / a d t i o a p a r a - y a p U t e , ' , i - e ' 1't " d a n d u i l d e d p c r . m i a p h s i C a d (a) Any ov.m r or e-craio r of a dcr" o- li ti c n o p e r a t a v i y n ../..'.vlr. co d n a o i i U !' ip '.p a a iy , st.mcVe e, t - a i v , or i a n b a - lio n io v.'iicli th n : i , et i.tc.s p r r a - yrsicn vouid "j ...b csb lj bar, v b .c h la is b ceu cio-larei: bv y\y,"r: S f a ' .: or :;:d ,io n . y to tir- ; U" v iii.Jly U './ouiai ,.pd vhi^ii is in ra;v.'.;- ci jic.rpr.onr, e o d e s e h h'i)!" th ri t n r c r i e n t s of ibis pc. .ytii e d a c i ' o rf per*in j ri:- a'.iiu .l'.cnts sp' v j '.'.i bv* .tnii tp!; c' t f l ) of Via. sait >n r.nd V P !.; of 'Ciah/ie asbes* >: dbris as sueeU kd h" n.: rr.c/rr.p'n vi) CO U.) of Ut) >ssc'.io.i. * -A V i ' ` "i Whe.'t? t h e ; '. c; tee c. i ' . ' . 1!.' Id r r.l " a . c r i. t r e ' / : rr.t v - ; r ' . io ' i .". L tU n u ' . . !'->. "i. *>.. ' * .. ab oj' per. .p.. , r . ; ' , c 1, r)os " ' r t i o a -a. i. f a . ' a . . b - ". '-jc; ' y i l of r ,"P 'li ' s 's v-Ai-*.' ' a . '. - ' . , <1.. ,i i'ini^-bou ` i.iili'.u P. a i .\ ! . 'o s a t'is t i . r? .-i.r b--' \.n \ ..... '-s t Tinssions to t r>v .de titr f u i . . a r v ..oie lus n n n i ' . , . i e e w . i i p - . . ! ' rapii (J) of l;)is SLi'ls.n t ' ff. * ' * 1) V /ritten notice of irter.i;"!. !.. if- 'arci'ii 'ita li bp p v , ;i'r<! :o th e ' ' u t . . t `'Mic.r bv tjic fin ru t o r i; .". ' o f ' ht ri l a i d ll ion uie'c ' -1 Soi il n i . shail bc postm.trkrct ai ica 1 Hi b ay , p i .. r to commcnccincr.! oi ''t.cb d. tim'il; , : c r cvtc.c.e p r i e r to c . a u. rri"ii." ii o' c'ortcM ion sn'pjcrt. to ' ` . ta rit1fi 'c .ii-o of Uns section. S u e h n o t'c ' .-a.\U pi n '- lhe fo'io'vina infoiala*.!."!. i i) Maine oi o\\ lier or , i*. i v ar. h ) Addi ess ili c . u u < _ r.c: a lc r e n ) Description o tac bto ' s ` ri('jt>i''i', faeihty. o r i.'c t. ''.ttion i.icoiisicd. _ _^ o.\) Acidres! o r Jorati.m o `. t u r 't 1 iny, structure, faciiiiv or tu talbita a (V S. ilcUiUd ai.-.l f " 1' Uou .datc-a of d e m o l ii'.' tei Mrethod of den-oid `` 'c ployed. ( v iit P ro ce ri u re a lo he m V ' ; ' im et Uie refluire!':-, n t ' m ut p a a . . CO * * * spia.: h ji'i " n 'v in i! r r - o i y y ' , m : 3C'!-- . *<' ;' r r : . : l . r u f . I,;.'.in..i i.t ' i ' S." C rr,` -\.'.1 ' ' 'i ' I 1 .. i e :! m 'i V ' -1.an V . ! ';;i Vi ' ' a d lOd.l a *ne 'ere eli;.a ' io.:.i irt h" r o - '| t . t . ld I. t r i ? , ; i . old hav pi.: a r lai'i.'. ilii;. p ..lite Aprii 9 by "ci' antii t tu e recnlid.en as .'t. ')i' !\ i ' v,ir' . l i , Athu i' r. Mf ma " ,, tt a- "'a a u u a P . r . * `'Ti'i: ir e 5t)7(i'), Pub. I `2-500, fiO n s , bh) (?j U8 C, i2:n c t ^ q . ) i ldi ! -''P-.d.-uliiliiy. This .11 be iv id ic a ld e to hives- tiff.itio as .'..ml Ij-piii - , nptiH'eri by cec- t'fr.i rrlVie' vf tici m <,c i,d Vvr.tfr P oilu - tlOll C nia:;) r-!.. as uniitidcc, 33 U.fc.C. 1231 et .v p UUib. L 02 a 00). iOtl.2 i>i tiniiiimft. As u n d in Un., pari, th e t e n u : <a; " . '. ( .f in c i n s th e l-cdeia! V/atet* PoSia1 un Coi a rot Art, as aineniied; (b> ::ar .a. 11:r111 c 'ion." m o i n s an y cliiu'-".; lu.st piiiin v.in a is e it e b s h c d as a cta.iip r : ni a p<". o n t l.s.UCU 01* p r o - )insed to i ucd b / c. filate or by t.he K a v v u iiv . 1 I' o u d o n ApoUoy puv- suant, m . ;i n i oi `.m Aet; a n y boxic o r /as ';p liflilCi; ;; ; y.i, r.'.iiin.t sC nulard csla'o; o! k;;! .'.'o'i of the A ct; a n y s t a p d ii d i >b r m I C C c.dnhlishcd 1111 d e r n . t - ' o.l the Act; unii a u y chteut h e p , -i ' bd.:!: a>od u . u 'u.i- s e c tio n 302. T. I t;. >10, or aooi pin a s of th e Act. t e ' i '. i ' iieans ..ny orier i.sstied bv lh - rr t ' oivi' i-n.ii-r s e c tio n 300 o i the y . ' . v otber n s u td by a Sta te to reern c IC' 'i.aiice \ u l h a perm it, or c o u - d i t i c t! c; of. tssnci.i v.ncti-r u p r o s r a m n; "a i n suant to s'cfion 402 of the Act: . i : "> pr.-iev icrpcti by a court in an ;u i s>., t,.! - h t pur.,W'u.t to section 309 o r s' r'i vu ..s > oi tiic Act. 'h "d. . f , " niocns an emp'ovee fjting a - ` c-1 iind-v ,Wr.3 3. a n y employe ni.' ui v ptopted, tho e;np)oyer of eny .mil rim e n e i, a n d U n Ke^ioilal Ad- ; ! ! . : v ' . i,r h n a., 'v-ieo. 'n `Ai'c o .i n i - t r j t c r '* r r "aecdotati A d i. m crois due coi m'i -,'y- p;a i us i .o ra l A.r.aii.i, : o,,>; m.; ion- \it''i: :e ...'/il i 'i c t c ' i o n A ; e n : y . y Ip.'i/j !'.<'i;ne-t f o r io v c - ii c s i i ii n . Any i rcployce v'no is di-ehai'hed or Iiib-o", t ireateued y o h di-.eharse or -ty-Vi, "i- othcrv. i.'o d.rci in u n a l c d .i; aiiist h y an y p e rv v . brcauce of the aUeyc i rA-ults of any elucnt lunitation or ouier issuod under the Act. or any reoi'i ~cn, stive of studi emoloj'ee, naiy .vabo'it; a re.iucst in r a n in vestie ttio n un-:;, r U r, p a r t to th o ncviour.i Aumin- rt.'P'o. : r n t h e rgion in w h ich s u d i discr:ininr.l:n ir. alicged to tiavo oceurrcd. g !(>{..( iivomi<ration h y IStguo-.i.il Adndni'iruloi'. U:io:i rei'eipt of a n y renuest, m eetin g th e renun-enients of 5 loi! 3, tr.e Hegiovml Ahn..'niskVor slv'U condnct a fuit in vestigation of th e meuter, m order to d etc n u iiu : w lie th e r Un? r e q u e s t ir.ay be relaxe, to an e'iuent lim itahon or order u n d e r Uae A c t . F o l l m u r c t i '.e investie ition, th e Rgional Admi; i:,t>'ator shal! r.otify (lie employe i-ijut-Ungr tho in\tK tiy a l.o n <or t h e <lip.'oyce'n r e p r s e n t ai .ve) .end t h empio/, er c l suc h e m ploye, m wrltrnft, oi Jus preinnin.U'v fiadiniD and conclusions. Tne empiojee, t);c re: rescntaiivc of sucli "tc.p'oyeo, or The employer rcay v.iUin lu tic i! becs for.ov, in g receitit of th e preh rn ir.ary fmditips a :d conrlusifins of t!ie Rgional A d n .u v 'A ra to r reque-.t. a. h e a r i n g u n d e r Uis puri. Upon recci:'l of s u d i a r e litte: t, th R gional A bn iin istrato r, n i l h `Q. \\7 *~rTiDAY, MAY 1974 -r> ti! ir. d de tu IH ci ir u A rt a