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^ the Aroclors physical r* properties and suggested \ applications Application data bulletin No. O-P-115 0019702 TOWOLDMON0020793 WATER_PCB-00005262 FOREWORD The Aroclors*, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated poly-phenyls, possess unique properties which enable the fulfillment of requirements not met by other materials. This has won a prominent place for Aroclor6, particularly, in the electrical insulating field and in such widely differing applications as nonflammable hydraulic media, hightemperature and high-pressure lubricants, heat-transfer and expansion media, sealing compounds, adhesives and protective coatings, including plastics, pigments, lacquers, paints and varnishes. This booklet describes the properties of thirteen Aroclors, each of which is representative of a series. For almost every Aroclor described there is a dark-colored grade of other wise approximately the same physical and chemical char acteristics. These darker products are less pure but lower in price. The Aroclors are efficient and very economical, both when used alone to accomplish results not attainable by other materials and when used as extenders to enhance the properties of other products. They are produced exclusively by Monsanto Chemical Company. *Krginl<'ivd in II. S. Patent Office. 0019703 TOWOLDMON0020794 WATER_PCB-00005263 INDEX Page No. GENERAL PROPERTIES..................................... 3 General Physical Properties of Some of the Aroclors.................................................. 4^5 Resistance of Structural Materials to Aroclors ........................................................... 6 Adhesiveness............................................................ 7 Specific Volume....................................................... 7 Average Coefficients of Expansion, Aroclor 1248 ....................................................... 7 Corrosion.....................................................................7 Density......................................................................... 9 Electrical Properties..............................................9 Non-drying Properties..........................................9 Nonflammability....................................................... 9 Solubility.....................................................................9 Specific. Heat and Thermal Conductivity . 9 Electrical Properties..............................................9 Thermal Conductivity of Aroclor 1248 . . 10 Stability................................................................... 10 Toward Alkalies.................................................10 Toward Acids..................................................... 10 Toward Heat..................................................... 10 Toward Oxidation............................................ 10 Surface Tension..................................................... 10 Thermoplasticity..................................................... 10 Vaporizalion Loss.................................................13 Vapor Pressures..................................................... 13 APPLICATION OF AROCLORS......................15 Adhesives...................................................................15 Electrical Equipment............................................ 15 Expansion Medium.................................................15 Page No. Hydraulic Medium................................................ 15 Power Transmission........................................15 Hydraulic Pressure Medium..........................15 Liquid Heating Medium.............................. 16 Lubrication..............................................................17 Air Compressors................................................ 17 Cutting Oils......................................................... 17 High Temperature............................................17 Extreme Pressure............................................17 Submerged Lubrication................................... 18 Gaskets and Packing Materials..........................18 Dermatology and Toxicology.............................. 19 Suggested Uses for Aroclors in Plastics, Pig ments, Lacquers, Paints, Varnishes and Waxes..................................................................20 Compatibility with Various Materials . . 20 Ethyl Cellulose................................................ 20 Graphic Arts.....................................................20 Impregnation.....................................................21 Moisture Proofing............................................21 Pigment..............................................................21 Paints and Varnishes....................................... 21 Rubber and Rubber Substitutes .... 22 Modified Rubber Finishes..............................22 Vinyl Resins.........................................................22 Nitrocellulose Coatings.................................. 23 Waxes...................................................................... 23 Diagrams Showing Practical Composi tion of Lacquers Using Aroclors 1254 and 1262 ..............................................24^25-26 Other Literature on Aroclor Applications........................................... 27 0019704 TOWOLDMON0020795 WATER_PCB-00005264 General Properties The Aroclors range in form and appearance and Aroclor 5460 is insoluble in the lower from mobile oily liquids to fine while crys molecular weight alcohols. Aroclor 4465 is tals and hard transparent resins. They arc only partly soluble in the lower alcohols. non-oxidizing, permanently thermoplastic, of low volatility and non-corrosive to metals. They arc not hydrolyzed by water, alkalies or acids. The viscous liquids and the resins will not support combustion when heated alone. The excellent electrical properties, fire resistance and inertness of the Aroclors make them useful in many applications. The properties imparted by the Aroclors and their usefulness for particular applica The crystalline Aroclors arc relatively insol tions vary in regular gradients over the uble, hut the liquid and resinous products series so that the selection of the right are soluble in most of the common organic Aroclor for a specific use can generally be solvents, thinner* and oils. All Aroclors arc made simply by a comparison of the physi insoluble in water, glycerine or the glycols. cal properties of the several Aroclors. 3 0019705 TOWOLDMON0020796 WATEFLPCB-00005265 TABLE GENERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Form...................................................................... Aroclor 1221 Colorless mo* bile oil Coi/OK.................................................................... SO Max. (APHA) Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Arcolor 1248 Practically Practically Y ellow tinted colorless mobile colorless mobile mobile oil oil oil 60 Max. 100 Max. 100 Max. (APHA) (APHA) (APHA) Aroclor 12: Light vclbm viscous oil ISO Max. (APHA) Acidity- -Maximum (Mgm. KOI! per Gin.) . 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 Average Coefficient ok Expansion......................................... cc/cc/*C Typical Density Specific Gravity 2!><>/2J>0C (770/'77F).......... Pounds per Gallon--25UC (77UF).................... 0.00071 (15o-40C) 1.182 9.85 0.00073 (25-100C) 1.266 10.55 0.00068 (25-65C) 1.380 11.50 0.00070 (25-65C) 1.445 12.04 0.00066 (25- 65C) 1.S38 12.82 Distillation Hanoi*:--ASTM D-20 (Mod.) Corr. C............................................................ 275-320 iCvAi'oiiATion Ixiss--%--ASTM D*6 Mod. 163C........................................................5 lira. -- 100C....................................................... 6 hrs. 1.0 to 1.5 Flash Point--Cleveland Open Cup......... C Hlo-150 F 286t>-302 290-325 -- 1.0 to 1.5 152-154 305-310 325-360 3.0 to 3.6 0.0 to 0.4 176-180" 348-356 340"-375 3.0 to 4.0 0.0 to 0.3 193-196 379-384 365-390 1.1 to 1.3 0.0 to 0.2 None Fihk Point--Cleveland Open Cup..............C 176 *F 349' I'onn I'OINT--ASTM D-97...................... C oF Softening Point--ASTM E-28...............C Of Crystals at rc Crystals at 34*F -- - Refractive Index--D-line--20C............... 1.617-1.618 Viscosity--Saybolt Universal 210F (98.9C) 30-31 Sec. (ASTM D-88) 1S0.K (51.4oc) 35-37 100F (37.8C) 40-42 238 460 -35.5 -32 -- 1.620-1.622 31-32 39-41 47-50 None* -19 2 -- 1.627-1.629 34-35 49-56 80-93 None --7 19.4* -- 1.630-1.631 36-37 69-78 185-240 None 10 50 -- 1.639-1.611 44-48 260-340 1800 2500 *NONK indicate" --"No fire point up to boiling temperature" 4 001V7 06 TOWOLDMON0020797 WATER_PCB-00005266 OF SOME OF THE AROCLORS i Aitocunf 1260 Light yellow soft sticky resin 150 Max. (AIM!A) 0.015 Arocix>r 1262 Light yellow sticky clear resin 150 Max. (AP)IA) 0.02 0.00067 (20-]00C) 1.620 13.50 0.00064 (25-65C) 1.646 13.72 385-420 0.5 to 0.8 0.0 to 0.1 None 400-430 0.5 to 0.6 0.0 to 0.1 None None 31 88 1.647-1.640 72-78 3200-4500 None 37 09 _ _ 1.6501-1.6517 90-103 600-850 (IMTnc 71*C) Aroclor 1268 White opaque resin 1.5 Max. NPA 0.05 Aroclor 4465 Yellow trans parent brittle resin 2.0 Max. NPA 0.05 Aroclor 5442 Yellow trans parent sticky resin 1.5 Max. NPA 0.05 0.00067 (20-100C) 1.810 15.09 0.00061 (25-65C) 1.670 13.91 0.00123 (25-99C) 1.470 12.24 435-450 0.1 to 0.2 0.0 to 0.06 None None -- 135 to 160 (hold pt.) 275 to 320 (hold pt.) -- 230-320 at 4 mm. Hg. 0.2 to 0.3 0.0 to 0.02 None None 60 to 66 140 to 151 1.664-1.667 90-150 (266*F or 130*Cj 215-300 at 4 mm. Hg. 0.2 0.01 247 477 >350 >662 46 115 50 to 61 113 to 122 300-400 Aroclor 5460 Yellow trans parent resin 2.0 Max. NPA 0.07 Aroclor 2565 Brown-black opaque resin -- 1.4 0.00179 (25-124C) 1.670 13.91 0.00066 (25-65C) 1.734 14.44 280 335 at 5 mm. Hg. 0.03 1.5 to 1.7 [at 260*--S kra.) None - 0.2 to 0.3 -- None None None 100 to 105.5 212 to 222 1.660-1.665 66 to 72 149"to 162 5 0019707 TOWOLDMON0020798 WATER_PCB-00005267 TABLE II-- Resistance of Structural Materials to Aroclors Metals 1248 25C 125C Arocmih Number 1254 25C 125C Aluminum..................................................................... Copper.......................................................................... Magnesium................................................................... Nickel............................................................................ Silver................................................................................. Tin..................................................................................... Zinc........................................................ Mild Steel..................................................................... Phosphor Hrtmxe-........................................................... Rod Brass................................................................. .. . Stainless Steel (Type 316)................................... Yellow Brass................................................................ K K HR RR R R RR R D RR R Plastics Alkyd Resin No. 48594-12........................................... *P Alkytl Resin No. 4659403A..................................... Cellulose Acetate (Fibestos)..................................... Durite Phenol Furfural Resin.................................. Fortnvar Highly Plasticized...................................... Formvar J/ow Plasticized........................................... Glyptal 1276................................................................. Glvptal 7136................................................................. *J> 1> *1) I)e PS R Ml Maleic Resin No. 46594-13B..................................... Maleic Resin No. 46594-13C.................................... Plexiglas (Methyl Methacrylate)............................... Polystyrene (l.ustron B)............................................ Kesinox Mineral Filled Melamine Resin.................. I' P *D P *1) Rceinox Wood Flotir Filled Melamine Resin........ *1) ltesinox Mineral Filled J'hcnol Formaldehyde.... *D Ueginox W ood Flour Filled Phenol Formaldehyde *D Rcsinox Rag Filled Phenol Formaldehyde............... *D Frea Formaldehyde Resin (Plaskon Co.)................. *D 11 D R R H R RR R 1) 11 RR Re R R R K R R R RR R R RR K P P P PP P R T Pe T PS PP T `R P *P P *K P *P TP *P *R P *R P *D P *1) P *P P P R 1) R HR R R R HR R 1> RR De P P P T T P T P P P T R 1) 1) *R *D *P 4465 125C RR P RR RK R R R It R R RR Re P P P P T T 1* T P P 1* T *1* It K 1> *]) P 5460 125#C RK D *RK R R R RR It it K De RK Ite P I* P P T T P T P V P T *1) P P P P P Meaning of Abbreviations: *--Based on weight gain calculated as penetration value shown, lilt--Excellent resistance--less than 1.0 x 10 cm/day penetration or .00014 in/yi. R--Good resistance--has penetration between 1.0 x 10~6 and 10 x 10_( cm/day or between 0.00014 and 0.0014 in/yr. P--Doubtful resistance, penetration between 10 x 10' cm/day and 100x10'* cm/day or between 0.0014 and 0.014 in/yr. P--Poor resietance --penetration greater than 100 x 10"* cm/day or 0,014 in/yr. PS--Poor resistance due to visible local action although weight change indicates greater resistance, e--Following the letter indicating resistance signifies material may be better than indicated if totally immersed since weight loss is believed to come from oxidation of the part of test strip exposed to air. T--Material alone will not stand temperature. 6 0019/08 TOWOLDMON0020799 WATEFLPCB-00005268 ADHESIVENESS The Aroelor resins ahdcrc strongly to smooth furfWcs, swell as glass* metal and varnished or lacquered coatings. The softer Aroelors are indicated where a flexible, non-drying, water-resistant strongly adhesive ma terial is required. The Aroelor adhesives are thermoplastic; are readily applied hot without solvent; do not require high temperatures for easy application, and are set immediately upon cooling. SPECIFIC VOLUME The s[H*eifie volume of Aroelor 1248 at different temperatures is as follows: Ymp. F 0 J00 200 300 400 500 600 Aroelor 1248 Specific Volume ml/gi 0.674 0.699 0.726 0.755 0.790 0.828 0.870 FIG. 1 AVERAGE COEFFICIENTS OF EXPANSION, AROCLOR 1248 The average coefficient of expansion of Aroelor 1248 per degree F. within the various temperature ranges indicated in the tabic below was deter mined by using the simple formula Vt = Vt1 [1+a (t- tj)]. The coefficient, o, has been calcu lated at 100F increments, as follows: Temp. Range F 0 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 300 300 to 400 400 to 500 500 to 600 Average Coefficient of Expansion cc/ec/ F 0.00037 0.00039 0.00040 0.00046 0.00048 0.00051 CORROSION The Aroelors show practically no corrosive effect on metals within normal ranges of temperature. They do attack many plastics materials of con struction as shown in Tabic II, A b s o l u t e D e n s it y ( g m s . J cc) 0019709 TOWOLDMON0020800 WATER_PCB-00005269 ! 7 FIG. 2 U DIELECTRIC CONSTANT %1000 CYCLES 6 f ^_AF 1242 L "- L5 S*. -_ Lf kR0CL()R 125- . -- -i (- i' 4 3 4l I4- ~ ~i K & "mO* K gs DIE -ECT R\0 C 0NS1'ANT VS. T RATI RE 2 AROCLC R 1242 & Aft OCLOR 2 ___ D BELL TELEPHONE DATA 3 MON SANTO TESTS AME 11/2 9/45 ------------ 1------------ -i 0 -20 i 2 43 63 l 0 100 O ___ o h- Ej< TEMPERATU RE CENTIGRAC E 1 ________ 1________! BY C 3URTFSY OF THE X UBMAL OF FRANKL AND BE.ll TEl PHONE LA0ORATO _______ 1 ------------L-. . 1 jr O TOWOLDMON0020801 WATER_PCB-00005270 DENSITY All the Aroclors are heavier than water, a valuable property for manv applications. Densities are shown in Figure 1. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES The Aroclors have extremely interesting electri cal characteristics: high resistivity and dielectric strength and low power factor. The dielectric con stant ranges from 3.4 to 5.0 at 100C. and 1000 evc'les, depending upon the particular Aroclor. The dielectric constants of Aroclors 1242 and 1254 at various temperatures are shown graphically in Figure 2. The electrical properties of the Aroclors arc shown in Table 111. NON-DRYING PROPERTIES 'Fhe Aroclors are non-drying, and when they are exjKjsed lo the air, even in thin films, no notice able oxidation or hardening takes place. How ever, when used bb ingredients of lacquers, they do not retard the rate of drying of the lacquer films. Quick drying varnishes and paints may be made with Aroclor resins. NONFLAMMABILITY The viscous Aroclor oils and the resins do not support combustion when heated alone, even at their boiling points -- temperatures above 350C Most of the Aroclors flux readily with resinous and pitch-like materials to give a product hav ing a decreased fire hazard. When incorporated in nitrocellulose films and rubber foams the Aroclors retard the rate of burning. SOLUBILITY All Aroclors are insoluble in water. Solubilities of some of the Aroclors in the more common sub stances are shown in Table VI. The Aroclor oils and resins are readily soluble in most of the common organic solvents and drying oils. The hard crystalline materials are in general le6s soluble than the Aroclor oils or softer resins. Compatibility data on Aroclors in nitrocellulose lacquers are shown on page 18. SPECIFIC HEAT AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY The specific heat at different temperatures of several of the Aroclors is shown in Figure 3. This, together with the thermal conductivity data given in Table IV, enable calculations involved in the use of Aroclors as high-tempcrature, low pressure, fluid heat-transfer media. TABLE f/J -- Electrical Properties Dielectric Constant al J,OOO Cycles (J) Aroclor 25C 100C Volume Resistivity (2) Ohm--cm at 10dC, 500 Volts D.C. Dielectric Strength (3) Power Factor (4) 100C, 1.000 Cycles 1232 1242 1248 1254 1260 1268 3442 5434 5460 4465 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.0 4.3 2.3 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.7 - -- . ID ASTM D-I50-47T (21 ASTM 131 ASTM I).140-44 (4) ASTM 1)0 50-47! 4.6 4.9 Above 300xl09 Greater than 35KV 4.6 Above 500x10 Greater than 35K.V 4.3 Above 500x10 Greater than 35KV 3.7 Above 500x10 Greater than 35KV -- 4.9 Above 500x10 4.2 3.7 . --3-.3- .. .. -------------------. _____________ _________ <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% 9 0019711 TOWOLDMON0020802 WATER_PCB-00005271 CALORIES ( I5 'C ) PER GRAM PER -C 0.40 FIG. 3 HEAT CAPACITY OF AROCLORS of vor/ot/s t*mfr$roti/re3 ' 0.35 0.30 0.25 020 0 50 100 150 200 230 TEMPERATURE C 300 Table IV Thermal Conductivity of Arocior 124B y.Temperature BTll./llr./Sq. Ft./ Calories, grain /Sec. / c. _____ f./f>,Sq.Cin.7cc./cm. 30 90 0.0680 281 x JO-1 60 110 0.0687 284 x 10-* 100 212 0.0697 288 x 1<T* STABILITY Toward Alkalies The Aroclors are remarkably resistant to the arlion of either hydrolyzing agents or high tem perature. They are not affected by boiling with sodium hydroxide solution. Toward Acids Experiments were made to determine whether hydrogen chloride is evolved during the treat ment of Aroclors with sulfuric acid. Aroelor 1254 (selected as typical) was stirred with an equal vol ume of ten per cent sulfuric acid for a period of 150 hours. Any gases escaping from the reaction flask had to pass through a trap filled with siher nitrate solution, which solution would give a pre cipitate of silver chloride if an\ 11CI came it) con tact with it. After 150 hours of treatment, neither the trap solution nor the acid la\cr in the treat ing fla6k showed any hydrogen chloride present. Even prolonged treatment (255 hours) with con centrated sulfuric acid indicated onh a sliglil trace (too small for quantitative measurement) of hydrogen chloride in the acid Uyer. Toward Heat Because of their stability to heat, the Aroclors are useful heat-transfer media. Aroelor 1251 ami particularly the less viscou6 Aroelor 1218 are recommended for this purpose because the\ mav be healed at temperatures up to 315C (600F) in a closed system for long periods without appreciable decomposition and are at the same time nonflammable. Toward Oxidation Vi hen Aroclors are subjected toa bomb test at 140(J with 250 pounds oxygen per square inch oxygen, there is no evidence of oxidation as judged b\ development of acidity or formation of sludge. SURFACE TENSION The surface tension of Aroelor 1231 in d\ ncs per centimeter is as follows: Temperature 25C 80C 100C Surface Tension--d\tie* cm. 30.3 44.0 12.0 THERMOPLASTICITY The Aroclors are permanently thermoplastic. Thr\ apparently undergo no condensation or harden ing upon repeated melting and cooling. The clear Aroelor resins are now being produced with soft ening points up to 105C. The opaque crystalline 6olids are produced with initial melting points up to approximately 290*0 10 0019712 TOWOLDMON0020803 WATER_PCB-00005272 TABLE VI--Solubility of Aroclors in 100 Milliliters of Various Solvents Type of Snlvent 25C Arid Arctic Arid........ ....................... S s Olcir Arid.................................. S s Bnm.ic Acid......................... 10.0 si*c Aldehyde -- 40 Formaldehyde.............. J T Furfural............................. VS VS Amine Aniline.................................... S s l'yridinc...................................132.5 : 440 9"<: Cltloro derivative# Amyl chloride# -mixed....... S S < Inrlm>ii Tetrachloride.......... S s Chloroform............................ S s Dicliloretlivlene.................... -- Klliylcne Dirldonde............. R R Moiiorhlurohetizerie ............ S S Ortlmdiehlorohen/.ene.......... -- Tetrarlilnrethune.................. TrichWolhutw...................... Trielilnrelliylenr.................. Drying Oil S R S s s s Tong Oil. ............................... R s l.inccd Oil............................ Kaler S s Amyl AcelHte........................ R s Butyl Ai-etalr........................ R s CelluKolve Aeetatr................ (iottonaeed Oil...................... Dihiitvl I'litlmlalr................ R R R s s s Dirthvl I'lillialalr................ R s Klhyl Acrtuie....................... Klhyl i-^clatr....................... R R s R Kthylrne (rlveol Diacetate. S s Methyl Acetate.................. R s Tricrc#yl Phnapliiite .......... R s Filter: Kthvl Kilter............ . . . It her Alcohol S s Carhilol..................................221 OlloMtlvr.............................. S Dictln lene Clvrol .................. . 307 s Dihvdroxy Ktliyl Kilter. 10.9 2J*<: ]t)wc: II vdrncarlmn Hi-nreiir.................................. VS CiiHoline..................... VS K<Toaritr .............................. VS Mineral Spirit#............. VR Paraflin.................................. 2.0 Fine Oil..................................... R Toluene .......................... ; ; ; VS *1 ur|H`iitinr............................ VS Xylene.................................... VS Hydmw derivative# VS VS VS VS s s VS vs vs Amyl AUulud............................ S n-Mntvl Alcohol .................... S Kilty I Alenlml(.1. A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 'c Clycerinr.................................... J Me*liv I Alcohol............ |2 ", *<rr. ^ Phenol W; ....................^ |v'| vei: s s 80.0 w<: I 8K.3Sm*c 1248 25C Hot ---- .-- -- 10.0 52"<' -- T1 VS vs __ -- -- ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss Rs ss ss rs ss ss ss ss ss ss VS vs ss SS vs vs vs vs 2.0 2ttc vs vs vs vs __ . ._ --I SS vs vs vs vs s vs vs vs vs _ -- -- I --- ss ss ---- 11 vs VR sR 114 sin; 425 lot ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss sR ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss 173 *i: 230 yar sS 8 oec 10 IM'C vs VS vs vs vs vs _vs vs s ss vs vs vs vs vs vs s s JO I 1 3 2**C SS s s 28 *c I 22.2 '<: S 1270 Cold Hot 1 SS Acetone............................. Min ollaiieoii* gS - - s S < larlnin Dianllidr .................... R Nitroltciixene............................ R Abater.......................................... | L-. -li-i-M---iil.n..h...lr S" S''o-.lu.Hhulee SS Slisticlv Roluhlr r ipure# allow prant# of Aroclor per I(K) milliliter# ofW>!v VS- Very Soluhle > C miles# otherwise indicated. 4163 Cold Hot s vs 1I vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs VR vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs YS vs s vs s vs VR VS R SS vs vs VS vs vs vs vs vs vs SS SS I vs vs 1 3460 25C 11 0019/13 TOWOLDMON0020804 WATER_PCB-00005273 TOWOLDMON0020805 WATER_PCB-00005274 FIG. 5 ) VAPORIZATION LOSS The low valorization low of Aroclors is indicated in thr following Table VII. It it- concluded that the vaporization rate6 of \rnclor> rs|H-ciallv I2">4 and 1260 which are the nioM widely need n>einl>crs of the Axoclor family in the plasticizer field, compare most favorably with thr similar constants of other plasticizers selected specifically for these tests because of their low vaporization rates. VAPOR PRESSURES The vapor pressures of several Aroclors are indi cated in Figure 4 over the temperature range, 150 to 300C. The following estimated vapor pressures of several Aroclors at 100F shown in Table VJJI were determined by extrapolation from the values show n in Figure 4. 13 0019713 T TOWOLDMON0020806 WATER_PCB-00005275 TABLE VII Vaporization Rates Sample Aroolor 1221.............................................. ................ Aroolor 12X2.............................................. ............... Aroolor 1242.............................................. ............... Aroolor 1248.............................................. ............... Clorafin-42-S............................................. ............... DOP (iliootvl phthalatc)...................... ............... Diitrox 25.................................................. ............... Aroolor 1254.............................................. ............... Dutrcx 20................................................... ............... Aroolor 1262.............................................. ............... Aroolor 1260.............................................. ............... Aroolor 4465.............................................. ............... Aroolor 1270.............................................. ................ Aroolor 5442.............................................. ................ Aroolor 5460.............................................. ............... Tricrosvl phosphate. ............................... ............... Wt. Lobs Gttib. 0.5125 0.2572 0.0995 0.0448 0.0745 0.0686 0.0256 0.0156 0.0047 0.0039 0.0026 0.0064 0.0045 0.0039 0.0032 0.0010 Hour* Exposure 24 24 24 24 48 48 24 24 24 24 24 72 72 72 72 24 Area Cm* 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 Vajtorir.alion Hate Sms./rm.Jhr. H>0oC 0.00174 0.000874 0.000338 0.000152 0.000126 0.000117 0.000087 0.000053 0.000016 0.000013 0.000009 0.000007 0.000005 0.000004 0.000004 0.000003 TABLE VIII Approximate Vapor Pressures Calculated at 100 F (37.8 C) Aroclor 1232................ ............... 0.005 Aroclor 1242................ ............... 0.001 Aroclor 1248................ ............... 0.00037 Aroclor 1254................ ............... 0.00006 mm. Hg. mm. Hg. min. Hg. mm. Hg. 14 001971b TOWOLDMON0020807 WATER_PCB-00005276 APPLICATIONS ADHESIVES Liquid ami resinous Aroclors arc noted commer cially in tin* adhesives field for their usefulness in preparing synthetic* adhesives and as additives in protective coatings to improve adhesion. This quality of the Aroclors is related to their plasti cizing action on the plastic's materials commonly used in adhesives ami coalings. Interesting examples are the use of Aroelors in adhesives and coatings based on polystyrene, vinyl polymers, ethvleellulose, chlorinated rubta.v and oilier plastic's materials, usually polymers. Aroclor adhesives are thermoplastic and can he prepared either with or without solvents. Hotmelt Aroclor adhesives do not require high tem peratures for easy application and are set immedi ately upon cooling. Aroelors strongly resist attack by water, acids, alkalies, and other common corrosive influences as well as organisms. By proper selection of materials, adhesives utilizing Aroclors can he made* to possess outstanding resistance against all id these destructive* influences. The* most widely used Aroclors in the adhesives field arc 1251, 126ft. 4165 and 5160. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT because of their nonflammability, high resistivity and dielectric strength and low power factor, the liquid and resinous Aroclors are extremely useful materials for the electrical industry. Aroclors are used to impregnate capacitors or condensers and transformers. Since the liquid Aroclors will absorb sufficient moisture from the atmosphere to impair the electrical characteristics, it is customary to treal Aroclor intended for this application before use with a dehydrating clay. An effective product for this purpose is Attapulgus clay HO 500 mesh dried for 4 hours at 400C. and used at the rule of (1.125% based on the weight <>f Aroclor, followed by filtration. Treatment is improve d f the Aroclor is heated to 80-85C. Another important use of Aroelors in the electrical field is the use of Aroelors 1260, 4465 and 5460 in wire or cable coatings and as itnprepnants for cotton and asbestos braided insulation. Aroclor 5460 is useful as an impregnant for carbon radio resistors to reduce the influence of moisture. EXPANSION MEDIUM Because of their stability under variations iu temperature and freedom from gum formation from oxidation, the Aroclors are useful as expand ing media in bellows controls and in thermostats. HYDRAULIC MEDIUM Power Transmission The Aroclors are superior hydraulic media for power transmission. Because of their greater den sity and E. 1J. characteristics they approach more closely the theoretical transmission values for mechanical power as illustrated in Figure 6. This greater efficiency makes possible u reduction iu the size of the hydraulic coupling design. In order to meet extremely low-tcmperalure weather conditions, it is necessary to adjust the freezing point of the Aroclor selected by the addi tion of a pour point depressant. Suitable adjust ments can he made in the composition to reach a pour point of minus 65F. The steepness of the viscosity-temperature curve of the Aroclors is a handicap to the application of Aroclors to many types of fluid transmission. This curve can be flattened to a marked degree by introduction of a viscosity-index corrector. By proper choice of viscosity modifiers and pour point depressants, the viscosity-temperature curve can be made to coincide with any standard hydro carbon oil viscosity curve. Information will he gladly furnished. Hydraulic Pressure Medium Use of D.T. Tight Oil (mineral base) or other flammable oils as hydraulic media in the operation of pressurized systems in the vicinity of open flames or metallic surfaces heated to elevated temperatures has resulted in substantial property damage and also serious horns including loss of 00X9717 TOWOLDMON0020808 WATER_PCB-00005277 life as a result of fire. Zinc and aluminum alloy dic-casting machines and hydraulic mechanisms used to operate doors and other equipment around industrial furnaces are excellent examples of operations where it is prudent to use a noncumInistiblc hydraulic medium for safety reasons. Some of these systems operate under pressures as hip}) as 2000 pounds per square inch. When a line ruptures under these conditions, the hydraulic medium is emitted in the form of a spray or a fine miBt over a wide area. Such a mist presents un usual requirements with reference to the noncombustildc qualities of the hydraulic medium. For Bafcty under these conditions, it is essential that the oil must have a relatively high oxygen requirement in order not to support combustion when impinged on a hot metal surface or when in contact with fire. Ability to fulfill this requirement is not adequately reflected merely by the factors that an oil docs not possess a flash point, and a fire point in conjunction with a high spontaneous ignition temperature. Sprav flammability to a large degree seems to be a separate consideration. Test6 conducted by the Navy indicated that high boiling liquids requiring more than approximately 45 percent oxygen in the spray flammability tests failed to cause a fire in the incendiary firing tests also conducted by the Navy. The percent of oxygen requirement for Arorlor 1248 combustion in the spray flammability limit study was established at 64 percent. This result firmlv establishes the nonflammable and lioncomlmstiblc qualities of Aroclor 1248 and in this respect strongly recommends Aroclor 1248 as an unusually safe hydraulic medium. Other desirable qualities of Aroclor 1248 for this specific use are its extremely high order of stability under heating and pressure, lubricating qualities, noncorrosiveness, moisture resistance and relative freedom from odor. Aroclor 1248 is used commercially in centralized zinc and aluminum die casting systems. Such installations may involve operation with as much as 2000 gallons of Aroclor 1248 distributed to about 15 die-casting machines. Under proper operating conditions the Aroclor make-up in the system is very low. Normal operating tempera- lures of the hydraulic medium may be in the range of 70 to 120F. Centralized systems utilize piston-type pumps and an accumulator is used for smooth operation. In some instances, Aroclor 1248 is used in combi nation with a high lubricity oil in the proportions of 20 gallons of Aroclor and not more than one gallon of the oil. The hydraulic medium is kept clean and free of suspended particles by passage through a centrifugal or by filtering it through a properly prepared bed of Attapulgus earth. Aroclor 1248 is also used in individual or unit die casting systems usually equipped with vanc-tvpe pumps. Frequently these individual die-casting machines have built-in filters. However, if the machine is not already provided with a filter, either a portable or permanent filter should be provided in order to keep the hydraulic medium clean. 1 1 1-------------Pa'OPMAMC' OFPFOCLOF /242 4V Hr'DfAiA /C COVFL1H6 Foe GAsa(.IMC Sf\WN. // / ' yf i t $ // -! 200 400 600 300 WOO At6/A/ Sftrso /PPM Liquid Heating Medium Aroclors 1242, 1248 and 1254 are used as a circulating heating medium with great success. Good circulation and a well designed heating sys tem are necessary to prevent Joral overheating of the Aroclor heating medium. Aroclor 1248 is rec- 0019718 TOWOLDMON0020809 WATER_PCB-00005278 ommcmled for universal use up 1<3]5C (6(K)F) because o( i|s fluidity at low temperatures am] its nonflammability. In processes where a cooling eyrie must also lie introduced, provision ran In* easily made for shunt* in): circulating Aroelor through u water cooled heat exchanger, thus employing one medium for hotii heating and cooling. In special eases, Aroclois ]2f2 anil 1251 can be substituted for the Aroelor 12-1H. H extremely low outside temperatures arc encountered, the less viseons Aroelor 1242 can be used, but it lias the disad'antage of being flammable above 33()(J (026]'')* Higher temperatures up to 325C (617]') can he attained in tile heating; medium if Aroelor 1251 is used. Provision ('an easily be made for warm* in/! the Aroelor after a shut-down so that it can he pumped. Design for a simple, effective liquid Aroelor heat ing system for small unit operations is available and described in Monsanto Tcelmienl Bulletin No. P-130. LUBRICATION Air Compressors The presence of oil, oil vapors or mixtures of oxy gen and oil fractions in the discharge lines and receivers of air compressors presents a constant luizanl which needs only a particle of hot carbon to create a serious explosion. This problem has been solved by engineers of one large user of this type equipment by employing Aroelor 1254 as the internal lubricant for high compression air compressors. Their experience with more than 15 high-pressure compressors of various types is reported in the American Machinists Magazine, September 28, 1(M4. Tins use of Aroelors is described in Monsanto Technical Bul letin No. 1-128. Cutting Oils Aroelors arc used commercially in high quality cutting oils of the "straight" oil and "soluble" oil types. High Temperature The heat-resisting, nonflammable characteristics of the Aroelors make them attrartive as lubricants under conditions of high temperature, as, for ex ample, in governor systems of central poyver sta tions. Aroelor 1218 is well suited to 1 his application. Straight Aroelor 12.VI gave excellent results on a roller hearing test operating at 255t>-260eT' with much less carbonization or decomposition than the usual spindle oil under the same condition.-. Extreme Pressure it is a well accepted hypothesis in the lubrication industry that by the addition of certain elements such as chlorine, sulfur and others in the proper form to a lubricating oil, a certain chemical com. lunation lakes place with the iron or steel metal bearing surfaces. These surface compositions tend to prevent seizure of the rubbing surfaces under extreme loads and under which loads, if the sole lubricant were a pure mineral oil, seizure or scor ing yvould result at once through film failure. As an extreme pressure (IS. P.) lubricant base added to a petroleum hydrocarbon oil in amounts up to approximately 15% by weight, Aroelors 1248 and 1254 materially increase the load-carry ing properties without reducing the viscosity of the resulting composition. These Aroelors repre sent one of the mure adequate carriers fov the clement chlorine as an extreme pressure base, possessing the following advantages: 1. Stability. They are stable, even at higher temperatures, which permits neither separation of components nor appreciable change in physical or chemical properties during long periods of operation and should not cause continued chem ical action on metal parts except the particular chemical metal surface combination yvliich is nec essary to effect high load-carrying capacities. 2. Non-voluiilv, Many other types of chlorine hearing compounds are so volatile as lo render them unfit for long periods of service because of the escape of the elements from the lubricant. The Aroelors are non-volatile at normal temperatures. 17 0019719 TOWOLDMON0020810 WATER_PCB-00005 3. Non-oxidizing. Aroelors do not oxidize or thicken up to un objectionable degree. 4. Non-corrosive. Aroelors are non-corrosivc toward nictal surfaces. 5. Non-abrasive. Aroelors exert no abrasion on the maebined surfaces. 6. Non-hydrolysis. Aroelors do not hydrolyze in the* presence of water, thus avoiding the genera tion of hydrochloric acid. 7. Compatibility. Aroelors are completely misci ble with mineral oils. 8. Color. Aroelors do not darken or change the color of the lubricating oil. Submerged Lubrication Under conditions of lubrication subjected to expo sure to water displacement such, for example, as lubrication of bridge rollers, a hcavicr-lhan* water lubricant can be prepared from mixtures of Aroelor and oil, of which the following are typical examples: .. Mix No. hy Aroelor Oil* 124a Pour Point 1 50 50 ........ 0F Gravity at 15.5*0 1.1263 2 25 75 + 5F 1.2703 Bright Stock: (Gravity API 22-23 Approx. ILg./gal. 9.4 10.6 Viscosity 210 F--160 Saybolt Secs. Color AS'J'M--7-8 Flash Point--545F Pour Point--15F GASKETS AND PACKING MATERIALS Particularly in the use of Aroelors at elevated temperatures, as encountered in Aroelor heattransfer installations, and to a lesser extent in the use of Aroelors as hydraulic media careful selec tion of gasket and packing materials is required. Hot Aroelors plasticize and swell "rubber" materials ineluding llycar P, Koroseak Perbunan and Neoprene. Although materials of this type are used as gaskets in certain Aroelor installa tions, careful consideration must be given them in light of expected operating condition to assure that satisfactory performance will be obtained. Thiokol is not attacked by Aroelors at ordinary temperatures but cannot be recommended for use with Aroelors at elevated temperatures. This is apparent from the following temperature ranges indicating the maximum temperature beyond which various types of Thiokol are not stable: Thiokol Type A................150 to 200F. max. Thiokol Type FA............. 150 to 200F. max. Thiokol Type ST............. 250 to 300F, max. Kceistoflex, polyvinyl alcohol, resists attack by Aroelors but since this polymer is soluble in water, its consideration for practical use involves drastic limitations where water or moisture must he considered. Silastic (Dow Coming's Silicone 180) is remark ably resistant to deterioration from contact with hot Aroelors and is suggested for gaskets. The following changes in physical properties were noted when Silastic was immersed in Aroelor for seventy hours at 150C. 1. Hardness was lowered about 20 points. 2. Klastieity was improved several points. 3. Practically no change in tensile strength. 4. An appreciable increase in the ultimate elongation. Teflon (duPont's poly tetra fluoroethylene) i6 not attacked by hot Aroelor (130C.) and is to be recommended as a gasket material. So far attempts to make Teflon diaphragms for valves have not been very successful in some cases because the Teflon seems to lack the desired flexibility. It is indicated that leather gaskets and leather packing compositions are satisfactory for use with Aroelors. Frequently, thin sheets of aluminum are used satisfactorily as gaskets at flanged joints. Oarlock Packing Company's No. 7021, }/% inch asbestos fiber sheet is used at the flange connec tions in several of Monsanto's Aroelor heatexchange units. Oarlock's braided No. 117 packing is used in the valves and Oarlock's No. 234 ma terial is used for packing the Aroelor pumps. Also, Durametallic Corporation's Type B-7 Dura Plastic is used as packing for Aroelor pumps. It is also understood that Oarlock No. 431 and Chevron No. 7050-C materials arc satisfactory as 18 0019720 I TOWOLDMON0020811 WATER_PCB-00005280 parking. Likewise Durametallie's Spiral Asbestos Fiber may be used. Doubtless, Johns-Manvillc ami others have comparable packing materials which would be suitable. The following materials are being used satisfac torily as pipe thread compounds in Aroclor units: ]. J'lnstic Lead Seal, Durainctallie Corporation. 2. Ordinary white lead. 3. Glyptal No. 2, General Kleetric Company. DERMATOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY Skin patch tests with a polyvinylchloride free film plasticized with 11.5 percent l>y weight of Aroclor 1254 (about 25 per cent based on the weight of the vinyl resin) and a similar amount of dioctyl phlhalatc showed that this film was not a pri mary irritani or a sensitizer. Also, skin patch tests on Aroclor 1254 alone applied to gauze and placed in cnnlact with the skin showed no primary irritancy or sensitization. Other skin patch tests using canvas coated with Aroclor 5460 and an oil modified alkyd resin, in such a manner that the Aroclor concentration in the paint film on the fabric was about 17 percent by weight of paint solids and the finished coated fabric contained approximately seven percent by weight of Aroclor 5160 showed that this painted fabric did not produce primary irritancy or sen sitization of the skin. If Aroclors are spilled on the skin, the skin should be washed in the usual manner with soap solu tions. If accidental burns occur from contact w itli hot Aroclors, the burn should be treated the same as any ordinary burn. Aroclor adhering to the burned area need not be removed immediately unless treatment of the burn demands it, in which case use soap and water or repeated washings with a vegetable oil. At ordinary temperatures Aroclors have not pre sented industrial toxicological problems. If Aroclors are used at elevated temperatures such a& 200or 300 C. in open systems, methods must be designed to exhaust any vapors arising from these open systems. This applies especially to lower chlorinated Aroclors where experimental work on animals indicates that the maximum Bafc concentration of vapors in workrooms is in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 milligrams per cubic meter of air. In the case of more highly chlorinated Aroclors such as Aroclor 1268, the allowable limit is about 10 milligrams per cubic meter of air and accord ingly, Aroclors of this type are believed to be of a much lower order of toxicity. Where Aroclor vapors may be encountered in workrooms, local exhaust ventilation together with general workroom exhaust is recommended. TOWOLDMON0020812 WATER_PCB-00005281 SUGGESTED USES FOR AROCLORS in PLASTICS# PIGMENTS, LACQUERS, PAINTS, VARNISHES and WAXES The AroclorB are compatible with most of the common plastics in a terials (ace compatibility table on this page). The degree of flexibility imparted by the Aroclore diminishes progressively in the order of liquid Aroclor -- soft resin--hard resin. The hardness of the resulting compositions increases in the same order. Usually a satisfactory balance between flexibility and hardness can be obtained either by selecting the Aroclor of proper physical characteristics or by using a mixture of two or more Aroclore. Compatibility With Various Materials Asphalt.................................................... Benzyl Cellulose............................................... Carnauba Wax................................................... C C Cellulose Acetate.............................................. Cellulose Accto Butyrate............................... ] C Chlorinated Rubber......................................... C Coumaroiic and Indcnc Resins................... C Dammar Resin.................................................. C Ester Gum.......................................................... C Ethyl Cellulose................................................. C Manila Gum...................................................... I Nitrocellulose...................................................... C Paraffin................................................................ C Phenolic Resins.................................................. Varies.* Polystyrene Resins.......................................... C Polyiso-Butylene ................................................ C Rosin..................................................................... C Rubber................................................................. C Sulfur.................................................................... C Styrene-Butadiene Co-polvmer6..................... C Vinyl Resins...................................................... C C'-- Indicates compatibility to a degree sufficient to be of value. 1 -- Indicates incompatibility. * Not compatible in final stage. ETHYL CELLULOSE The Aroclors are very compatible with ethyl cel lulose, the liquids imparting great flexibility ami the resinous products great hardness. 75 parts bv weight of Aroclor 1242 with 100 parts of ethyl cellulose produces great flexibility and just a slight tackiness. Aroclor 5460 in the same propor tion produces a very hard and somewhat brittle composition. Aroclor 4465 produces hard films which are not brittle at ordinary temperature. For coatings of high gloss and exceptional weath Cering qualities to be applied to rigid surfaces, compositions containing equal parts by weight of Aroclor 5460 and ethyl cellulose are suggested. If greater flexibility is required, one of the softer Aroclors should be used, cither alone or as a replacement for part of the Aroclor 5460 and the proportion of Aroclor should be decreased. A typical formula i6 as follows: Ethyl Cellulose............................................. Aroclor 1260.................................................. Toluene........................................................... Butanol........................................................... 15% 15% 56% 14% GRAPHIC ARTS 100% The Aroclors are used as vehicles for carrying pigments employed in glass decoration. When the decorations have been applied and the glass is fired, the Aroclors volatilize wilhout carboniza tion and thus avoid discoloration of the glass. Aroclors 1254 and 4465 are used. Aroclor 4465 is a useful reein for compounding rotogravure inks. oov*11 TOWOLDMON0020813 WATER_PCB-00005282 A mimeograph ink suitable for use on bond paper contains the following ingredients: Aroelor 4465.................................................. 40% Lubricating Oil (SUV1200 @ 100F).. 35% Paraffin Oil (SUV 76 @100F)............. 20% Carbon Black................................................ 4% Oil Soluble Dye............................................ 1% Aroelor 4465 may also be used in the preparation of imitation gold leaf. A thin coating of the Aroelor is applied hot to one side of paper. While it is still hot. bronze powder is spread upon the coating. The bronze powder adheres to the Aroelor completely covering the paper. This product is need in making the "gold leaf" letters on books, etc. The paper treated with Aroelor and bronze powder is placed upon the book binding. A hot die is pressed upon it. The Aroelor softens and sticks the bronze to the binding and forms a coat ing over it to protect it from tarnishing. IMPREGNATION The Aroclors may he used to impregnate cloth, paper, wood or asbestos in order to impart mois ture and gas resistance, adhesion, insulating prop erties, alkali or other chemical resistance, flame resistance, or lubricating qualities. For this type of work they are used in combinations with other materials Rur.h as waxes, inorganic pigments, asphall, tars, aluminum stearate, sulphur, etc., in order to obtain exactly the physical character istics desired for the specific purpose. Aroclors 1254, 4465 and 5460, or the corresponding darkcolored products, are suggested as most applicable. Wood impregnated by vacuum-pressure method with the following mixture: Aroelor 4465............................................ 70% Microcrystalline Wax...........................20% Sulfur..'..................................................... 10% is definitely tougher, harder and more moisture resistant than untreated wood. This coaling is very resistant to acids and alkalies but will be attacked by aromatic, aliphatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons. The surface is not appreciably dis colored and can be painted. Various degrees of hardness and adhesion can be obtained by vary ing the Aroelor: wax: sulfur ratio. MOISTURE PROOFING For use as moisture proof coatings on wood, paper, concrete and brick, the Aroclors are best com bined with waxe6, especially paraffin or carnauba, oils such as mineral oil or drying oils, and syn thetic resins including modified alkyds, phenolics, chlorinated rubber, polystyrene, styrene-buta diene co-polymers, ethylccllulose, cellulose aceto butyrate, benzyl cellulose or vinyl resins. Selec tion of materials for use in combination with Aroclors will depend on the end U6C requirements of the specific application. The simplest compositions contain only Aroelor and paraffin. A moisture proofing compound com posed of 96% (by weight) of Aroelor 5460 and 4% of paraffin (melting point 54C) has an ASTM soft cning point of about 82 C and i6 very efficient. Substituting Aroelor 4465 for Aroelor 5460 pro duces a compound with a softening point of about 58C. Softening point and viscosity when melted may be further decreased by using mixtures of Aroclors. For example, a composition containing 40% of Aroelor 1260, 56% of Aroelor 5460 and 4% of paraffin will be very soft at ordinary temperatures. Increased proportions of paraffin will also pro duce softer compounds. PIGMENT Aroelor 1270 is a hard, white crystalline product of high melting point, insoluble in most solvents, resistant to chemicals and to oxidation. When ground to a fine powder it makes an excellent organic pigment for use with the various plastics. It may be used alone or with conventional pigments. PAINTS AND VARNISHES The Aroclors arc soluble in paint and varnish oils and impart properties corresponding to the phys ical character of the particular Aroelor. The hard resinous Aroclors tend to give increased hardness to the films while the viscous resins impart flexibility OOlV7i3 TOWOLDMON0020814 WATER_PCB-00005283 The Aroclors do not react chemically with oils, hence there is no advantage in heating together in making a varnish. They are best added as a "chill back" or as a cold cut in the thinning operation. As far as incorporation of the Aroclors is con cerned, the only reason for heating is to make the Aroclors liquid so that they can be readily mixed with the oils. Aroclors 4465 and 5460 will produce paints that arc very quick drying and yet have excellent durability. The weight of Aroclor used should be from 30% to 50% of the weight of the oils. Aroclor 1260 is best for short oil varnishes that arc required at the same time to be flexible. The Aroclor may be considered to play the same role as oil, with the difference that it does not oxidize and lose its flexibility on exposure. Resins of the alkyd, phenolic or ester gum type, or a harder Aroclor such as 5460, may be used in making varnish formulations. It is suggested that for two parts by weight of oil, one part of Aroclor 1260 and one part of other resin be used. These pro portions can be varied as required. The Aroclors impart water and alkali resistance and in these qualities enhance the value of the other resin6 used in the varnish. Aroclors arc excellent grinding and dispersing media for pigments used in paints and varnishes. Aroclor 1254 is used to disperse aluminum powder in a paste form which can he incorporated easily into painls and varnishes. The Aroclor imparts excellent leafing qualities, brightness or luster and does not tarnish the aluminum pigment on aging. Moreover, the composition docs not support com bustion. RUBBER AND RUBBER SUBSTITUTES The liquid Aroclors, 1221, 1232, 1242 and 1248 have a strong plasticizing action on rubber, both natural and synthetic. Aroclors 1254 and 1260 are milled into rubber in order to impart perma nent lack incss and adhesion. A small amount of Aroclor 1260 added to hard rubber acts as a plasticizer and reduces the brittleness. Aroclor 1270, being a bard crystalline material of high melting point, can be ground to a powder and then milled into rubber. The milling tem perature being below the melting point of the Aroclor, the latter is dispersed through the mass of rubber and acts as an efficient flame reducer. This same procedure can be used with synthetic rubbers to impart fireproofness. From 5% to 25% of Aroclor 1270 based on the weight of the resin is required. Aroclor 1262 is recommended as a plasticizer for crepe rubber resin in paint compositions. Used in concentrations of 5% to 50%, based on the weight of the rubber resin, it increases the gloss and alkali resistance of the film and increases its ad hesiveness toward steel. Aroclor 1268 used at a level of about three pounds per 200 pounds of Neoprene has excellent working qualities as a plasticizer at 225-325F. in injec tion moldings. MODIFIED RUBBER FINISHES Chlorinated rubber (Parlon) and copolymers of styrene-buladienc (Pliolite S-5) are used widely as protective and decorative coatings for concrete and masonry structures, steel structures, railway tank and gondola cars, wood and metal maritime equipment. Aroclor 1254 is used as a plasticizer and Aroclor 5460 is used as a resin fortifier in these coatings wdiich are used where flame resistance, corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, i,e., resistance to acids, alkalies and water and good electrical insu lating properties are required. The use of Aroclors in making these protective coatings is described in Monsanto Technical Bul letin No. P-124, "Aroclors as Used in Chlorinated Rubber," and Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-126, "Aroclors as Used in Pliolite S-5." VINYL RESINS The Aroclors are compatible with all the vinyl resins and are used mainly as co-plasticizers with tricresyl phosphate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and other plasticizers for vinyls to im part good plaslicizing action, chemical and corro sion resistance and excellent electrical properties at a substantial reduction in cost. This use of Aroclors is described in Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-131, "Aroclors as Co Plasticizers for Polyvinylchloride" and Technical Bulletin No. P-134, "Aroclor 1254 Co-Plasticizer with DOP for Vinyl Organosols and Pastes." 22 001972A TOWOLDMON0020815 WATER_PCB-00005284 Aroelor plasticizers arc very attractive for use with dioctyl phtlialatc in preparing organosols, plaetisols or pastes of vinyl plastics used for making free films, textile coatings and coalings for paper. In many of these applications the fire-resistant quality of Aroolors is important. Also, the Aroclors serve as excellent media for grinding and dispers ing the pigments used. It is interesting to nolc that the vaporization rates of Aroelors, especially Aroclors 1254 and 1260 which are the most widely used members of the Aroelor family in the vinyl plasticizer field, com pare most favorably with the similar constants of oilier commonly used vinyl plasticizers, (Sec Table VII, Page 14.)' It is also important to note that a free film made np of polyvinylchloride containing 11.5 percent |>y weight of Aroelor 1254 and a similar amount of diortyl phtlialatc along with standard white pig ments was fouml free from irritating or sensitizing the skin in accordance with commonly used skin patch tests. Moreover, similar studies made with Aroelor 1254 alone indicate that this plasticizer is neither a skin irritant nor sensitizer. While this indicates safety in using Aroelor 1254, the use of the plasticizer is not suggested for such items as baby pants or other items that arc intimately in coni act w it h the skin. Another excellent use for Aroelors in vinyl plastics is in the preparation of adhesives. The Aroelors impart outstanding adhesive qualities and give good resistance against water and corrosive in fluences. Moreover, the Aroelors arc resistant against organism attack and when used in com bination with other properly selected ingredients, vinyl adhesives can he prepared which strongly resist attack hy organisms. NITROCELLULOSE COATINGS The Aroelors function both as plasticizers and resins and may he used alone with the nitro cellulose- or in combinations with other plasti cizers or resins. They impart weather resistance, luster, adhesion and decreased burning rate. Their excellent electrical characteristics (high dielectric strength and resistivity and low power factor) and their property of retarding the passage of moisture and gases through nitrocellulose, chlorinated rub ber, and oilier similar plastics films make the Aroelors of special value in coatings for electrical insulating materials. The accompanying trilinear diagrams show the practical compatibility limits of Aroclors 1254 and 1262 when used in conjunction with some other resins and plasticizers. Aroelor 1260 gives values almost the same as those shown for 1262. The less viscous Aroclors have greater and the more res inous Aroclors Ie6e compatibility than for those shown. (Sec trilinear diagrams that follow.) To illustrate the differences possible to obtain hy changes in formulation, three formulas are given below. All have excellent durability but the third is much softer and more flexible than the other two. Only the solids contents are given. The amounts tabulated are parts by weight. Aroelor Lacquers No. 1 ^second Nitrocellulose (dry) 100 Danmiar resin.................. .... 80 Ester Gum........................ ... . -- Aroelor 1260..................... ....20-39 Dibutyl Phtlialatc......... ....20- 0 Tricresyl Phosphate.... - -- No. 2 100 -- 80 20 20 -- No. 3 100 -- -- 80-70 -- 39-70 No. 1 and No. 2 have excellent sanding and polishing qualities. No. 3 is very flexible but too soft for sanding. Where extremely high flexibility is desired, as for example in lacquers for high tension automotive cables, the following composition is suggested: 15--20 sec. R.S. Nitrocellulose........................... 100 parts by weight 'l'ricreeyl Phosphate............... 120 parts by weight Aroelor 1242............................. 80 parts hy weight WAXES The use of Aroclors to extend or substitute Carnauha Wax and reduce the cost of the wax formu lation is described in Ilulletin No. P-132. This bulletin gives several practical formu)as using Aroclors in wax blends possessing the qualities of Carnauba Wax for automobile, wood, leather and linoleum polishes. Selected Aroclors such as 5460 used in conjunction with various waxes make excellent impregnating compounds for furniture drawers, etc., to prevent sticking. Resinous Aroclors used in combination with waxes make excellent and inexpensive sealers for concrete and masonry surfaces, wood, fiber board and paper products. 23 0019725 TOWOLDMON0020816 WATER_PCB-00005285 DIAGRAMS SHOWING PRACTICAL COMPOSITION OF LACQUERS USING AROCLORS 1254 AND 1262 In the trillnear diagrams the compositions, represented by any point in the unshaded areas, are those which produce homogeneous lacquer films. On the other hand compositions represented by points in the shaded areas produce impractical, segregated, brittle or soft films. For detailed information as to the derivation and use of these diagrams reference is made to the following articles: Jenkins & Foster. "Compatibility Relationships of the Aroclore in Nitrocellulose Lacquers," lnd. Eng. Chem. 23. 1362 (1931). Hofmann & Reid, "Graphical Methods in Lacquer Technology," lnd. Eng. Chem. 20, 431 (1928); "Formulation of Nitrocellulose Lacquers," lnd. Eng. Chem, 20, 687 (1928). For combinations where the resin is Estrr Gum or Amberol and where the Aroclor is Aroclor 1254 or Aroclor 1262. . 0019726 TOWOLDMON0020817 WATER_PCB-00005286 For combinations where the resin is of (lie pblhalic anhydride-glycerol type and where the Aroclor is Aroelor 1254. 25 0019727 I TOWOLDMON0020818 WATER_PCB-00005287 26 0019728 J I TOWOLDMON0020819 WATER_PCB-00005288 Other Literature on Aroclor Applications Monsanto Technical liullelin O-P-115 THE AROCLORS Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-124 AROCLORS AS USED IN CHLORINATED RUBBER Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-126 AROCLORS AS USED IN PLIOLITE S-5 Monsanto Technical Bulletin 0-128 AROCLOR -- INCOMBUSTIBLE LUBRICANTS USED IN HIGHPRESSURE COMPRESSORS Monsanto Technical Bulletin 0-130 AN INDIRECT AROCLOR HEATER FOR UNIT CHEMICAL OPERATIONS Monsanto Technical Bulletin 0-131 AROCLORS AS CO-PLASTICIZERS FOR POLYVINYLCHLORIDE Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-132 AROCLORS AS USED TO EXTEND OR SUBSTITUTE CARNAUBA WAX Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-134 AROCLOK 1254 CO-PLASTICIZER WITH DOP FOR VINYL ORGANOSOLS AND PASTES Monsanto Technical Bulletin 0-137 AROCLOR--A NONFLAMMABLE HYDRAULIC FLUID FOR DIE-CASTLNG SYSTEMS a-nts-tui67-7i 27 I'rinled in (J. S. A. 0019729 TOWOLDMON0020820 WATER_PCB-00005289 The information contained in this booklet has been obtained from sources which we believe to be reliable and dependable, but wc cannot guarantee the correctness of the same or be responsible for any I06B or damage that results from the use of such information. MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY ST. LOUIS, MO. 0019730 * TOWOLDMON0020821 WATER_PCB-00005290 MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY, ORGANIC CHEMICALS DIVISION P. O. BOX 478, SAINT LOUIS 3, MISSOURI WHIRL mm MIRY WORKS worn FOR YOU TOWOLDMON0020822 WATER_PCB-00005291