Document ZJqXOjZNNBQazbOvgo23Qy3j8

r V n [ r-. f E u-X e^i ^ ri ; i L> Li uUuU i-jl-J nI r?1' -N P'P nn W ;'* 3 w lJ - p 1 l___' UWs_iieJ ii Sliieiatule Qbshacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL -- decisions and trends lIndustrial Health 7lews /../ i:.._.:./ i>\ INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH, PA. 003898  bUUNUAI I UN FACTS Foundation Facts is 4 monthly news-letter issued to nd IJ ttri fl I concerns hole'll^ n--mC'jr....... I ndust.'i.al Hyyiene Foundation. T no Fotin is 4 comdined research and service institut on to protect the health of workers m industry. / . % . v - , . r. r-- ^ . U u \J ') - 7.1. VI. ::o. 7. Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 44G0 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. IlCTSTSIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Literature and News News Items 569 Arranging Shifts for Maximum Production. The United States Department of Labor, Division of Labor Standards has issued a pamphlet entitled, "Arranging Shifts for Maximum Production." Our war effort requires more machine hours, but while machines may run around the clock, the men who operate thorn must operate by shifts. The pamphlet describes a shift arrangement plan which is designed to increase production while accidents are decreased and the health of workers protected. 570 Ointments to Prevent Ivy Poisoning. The U. S. Public Health Service reports that two new formulas have been develop ed for the preparation of ointments that give considerable protection against poison ivy, poison sumac, and poison oak. Experiments have shown that when used properly, in a rather thick layer on the skin, either of these ointments serves effectively to prevent the poisoning. After exposure to poison ivy, however, it is important not to wash off the ointment until the contaminated clothes have been removed. Otherwise, if the skin is cleansed first, the unpro tectcd skin may be exposed to the contaminated clothes. Washing will again make the clothes safe to wear. The two ointments are said to be equally eff tive as protectives against poison ivy. Formula 1 (Greasy Ointment) Castor oil Olive oil Lanolin, anhydrous Diglycol stcarato Pa raffin, refined Boric acid Sodium perborate Duponol V.A pure 21.5# 21.5$ 21.9$ 12.9$ 8. e$ 2.0$ 10.0$ 2.0$ Formula 2 (Must be Kent Cool) Cetyl alcohol Stearyl alcohol Coresin Castor oil Mineral oil Dupcnol 1VA pure Sodium perborateBoric acid 35.1$ 5.3$ *O2 fwtf/?J 20. S$ 21.9$ 1.7$ 10.0$ 1.7$ Use of Nitro-Cellulose X-Ray Film Prohibi ted. The lublic Health Council of the State cf Hew York has amended the State Sani tary Coco by adding rules governing the storage of nitro-ccllulose X-ray filr.i in hospitals and other institutions, effective Juno 1, 1942, In effect it t uninv.-ful for any nitro-ccliulosc X-ray film to bo used or takon into any ho-]". - r.l, clinic, dispensary, school, college, home, asylum, or institution. Strict regulations for storage of nitro-ccllulose film which is on the premises ar.u 00? Industrial Hygiene Digest - 2. has already been exposed and developed before June 1, 1942 are provided to alloy; the saving of valuable medical records. Legal Developments 572 Conjunctivitis. Machine operator who worked on fabric and leather gloves suffered a marked conjunctivitis of both eyes which compelled her to stop -work. Medical evidence indicated that this condition was due to contact with the fuzz and dye from the gloves. Finding of the Industrial Board that said operator was suffering from an occupational disease covered under the workmens Compensation Law, upheld. Miller v. VanRaalte Co., Inc., App. Div., March 11, 1942. Industrial Bulletin, {New York)"," (May, 1942). 273 Previously Existing Tuberculosis Reactivated by Exposure to Sulphur Dioxide. Bufficiency of Bvi'.ence to Sustain /ward. The question in this case is whether there was any substantial evidence that the inhalation of gas reactivated a previously existing tubercular condition. The appellee, in checking a refrigerator unit, was exposed to sulphur dioxide in gaseous and liquid form. He became nauseated and began vomiting olcod clots. He says that lie has been continuously disabled. Physicians found that he was ' suffering from tuberculosis. Prior to the exposure, appellee was found to be suffering from tuberculosis. Appellee continued work, and did not take treat ment. Three physicians, testifying for appellee, expressed their opinions that the- gas reactivated the progress of the tuberculosis. The Board accepted this theory and attributed fifty per cent of the disability to the injury and fifty per cent to the pre-existing condition. It thus appears that there was some substantial evidence before the Board to sustain its finding. Judgment affirmed. Dixie Ice Cream Company v. Ingels, et al. Ky. Ct. of App. Decided June 5, 1942. tCCH). 5^4 Stone Cutter on Highway Injured by Heat Prostration. Non-Conpensable as not Being Result of Accident. Claimant sought an award of industrial compensation for heat prostration, which was denied by the Industrial Commission. On appeal' to the Court of Common Pleas, the jury returned a verdict for defendant. Appeal upon questions of lav; follow ed. One <tuestion is here presented. Did the court err when it charged the jury that the only question for its determination was, "Did the plaintiff receive an accidental injury, incident to and in the course of his employment?" Claimant suffered heat prostration while performing his customary and usual duties as a stone cutter on a highway improvement. There is no evidence of any unusual happening in the performance of that v;ork. To be compensable, an injury arising out of a claimant's employment must be accidental in origin and cause. Such an injury to bo compensable must be the result of accidental means, and not an acci dental result from the performance of the usual duties of the employment in the ordinary and customary manner. Tho record discloses nothing unusual about the manner cf performing claimant's customary work. There was no occidental inci-'c no occurrence out of the normal routine cf the employment. There was no error tho charge of the court. Judgment affirmed. P.osato v. Industrial Commission Ohio. Ohio Ct. of Appeals, 9th Jud. Dist. Decided April 16, 1S42. (CCH). G0390 1 trir-1 Hygiene Digest - 3. L?^ : or.th Occurring While Performinn Strenuous Work. V/hether Death Caused by Heart ITseaso. Award to V.'iaov; Supported by Evidence. This is an appeal from an. award for death benefits in favor of the widow of hiiiiam V.'ar4% Dccedont v;as shoveling heavy snow, which was extra hard work and called for oxtreme exertion on his part, when he collapsed and shortly after ward died. The award is opposed upon the ground that the death was the result of cardiac disease. The medical testimony supports the award. A question of fact is involved and the evidence supports the award. Award affirmed, ward v. Fifth Avenue Building; Company et al. N.Y. Supremo Ct., App. Div., 3rd Dept. Decided Hay 6, 1942. (CCH). b76 Employee Incapacitated by Heat Stroke. Whether Disability Permanent. Sufficiency of Evidence. Appellee Jones instituted this suit to set aside an award of the Industrial Acci dent Board and recover from appellant compensation for total, permanent incapa city, payable in a lump sum. Appellee alleged his incapacity was the result of heat stroke received while working as a common laborer for the International Creosoting and Construction Company, of which appellant was insurer. Judgment and verdict were for appellee. Appellant attacks the sufficiency of the evi dence to support the jury's answers. In answer to the issues presented; the jury answered that appellee received an injury; that the injury was caused by heat stroke; and that at the time appellee received said heat stroke he was sub jected to "a greater hazard from heat than applied to the general public." The evidence is sufficient to support these findings. Judgment affirmed. Travelers Insurance Co. v. Jones. Texas Ct. of Civil Appeals, Texarkana. Decided February 26, 1342. (CCH)-. 577 Typhoid Fever Contracted by Drinking Water Furnished by Employer. Accidental Injury Arising Out of Employment. Special Hazard. The sole question is whether typhoid fever, contracted by Brown and St.Peter, employees of plaintiff in error, arose out of their employment, within the meaning of the y/erkmen's Compensation act. Brown and St. Peter were employ ed by plaintiff in error under a contract with the State of Illinois, on the grounds of the Manteno State Hospital. The only drinking water available was from a waterworks system maintained by the State. A typhoid epidemic occurred at the institution. Brown and St.Pe-ter contracted the disease. Typhoid fever is accidental if the disease is contracted by accidental means. An injury arises out of the employment when there is a causal connection between the conditions under which the work is required to be performed and the resulting injury. If these employees, by reason of their employment were exposed to a greater risk of contracting typhoid fever than the risk to which the public in that vicinity was exposed, or if their employment accentuated the general hazard of contracting that discafee, it was an injury arising out of the employment although unexpected and unusual* The employer elected to furnish water for drinking purposes to its employees. It must be said to have furnished the water in connection with its employees' work. By furnishing drinking water to its employees plaintiff in error put itself in the same position it would have occupied had it furnished the water from its own wells. V/hen plaintiff in error elected to furnish water to its employees, it was incumbent bn it to furnish water free from contamination, ^ndcr these facts the risk to its employees became a special hazard. Brown and - Fetor received accidental injuries which arose out of and in the course of ;.c employment. The judgments of the circuit court confirming the awards "o a:'firmed. Permanent Construction Co. v. Industrial Commission ct al. 111. * ".pr.u-.e Ct. Decided June 11, 1342. (CCH) . wC PO Af', ~/- ;trinl Hygiene Digest - 4. ..73 o--r'.rational Disease Act* Disability From Tuberculosis Contracted as Incident v.) '.-eruontionel Disease. Disability P7.vr.cnt3 Made by Hmnloyer under Agreement. f,r;;c ;ucnt Death of Rmnloyce and Claim by didow for Condensation. Sufficiency oi Nprice* Time of Filina Claim. Sufficiency of Hvidor.ce. V.)icther Cla inant ,.jdov; of.Thecodont. Tide was an action before the Industrial Board for a claim for compensation un der the Occupational Disease Act, wherein appellee claimed to be the wife and cole surviving dependent of Mosc Slocum-,- deceased. Fron an award in favor of the appellee, the appellant has appealed. The finding of the Board was that Mocc Slocum, the decedent of plaintiff, was an employee of defendant; that he was exposed to an occupational disease while in the employment of the defendant and that as the result he was totally disabled until the tine of his death; that the disease was tuberculosis; -chat Mose Slociaa and the defendant entered into a compensation agreement, which was approved by the Industrial Board; and that the agreement recited that the plaintiff1s decedent was suffering from tuberculosis and the defendant agreed to pay compensation under the Occupational Disease Act. Appellant contends that appellee failed to give notice to the appellant re quired by law. The agreement between appellant and the decedent conclusively shows that the appellant had notice of the disability of the said decedent. It was not necessary after the decedent's death for the appellee to give any fur ther notice. It is next argued by appellant that the cause of action was not filed in time and that the statute of limitations had run against it. The claim herein was filed within a few months after the death of the decedent and was certainly filed in time under the statute. Appellant next argues that the evi dence fails to sustain the finding of the Board that the decedent was last ex posed to a disease while in the employ of appellant or that he was totally dis abled as the result of such occupational disease. There is nothing in this contention for the reason that the appellant itself admitted by its agreement with him that he was entitled to compensation# Appellant contends that appellee has failed to show that she is the widow of the decedent. Appellee had been previously married to one Willy Thomas. She did obtain a divorce from Willy Thomas which divorce appears to have been conditional upon the payment of the costs which v/as not done until Tune 19, 1940. The conclusion of the Indus trial Board that appellee is the legal widow of the decedent must be sustained. There was no evidence whatever introduced in the trial of the cause to show that Y/illy Thomas, her first husband, was alive at the time of the ceremonial mar riages of the appellee to the decedent. On the contrary the evidence is that he disappeared and all trace of Mm was lost. The presumption is that the ceremon ial marriage of the appellee to the decedent was valid. Award affirmed. Continental Roll and Steel Foundry Co. v. Slocum. Ind. Appellate Ct. Decided May 8, 1942. (CCE}. 579 Hernia Caused by Heavy Lifting. Operation for Hernia and Removal of Appendix at Same Time. Death from Peritonitis. Whether Death Caused by Hernia Repair or by Appendix Removal. Burden on Claimant to Show Proximate Cause of Death. Occu pational Disease Statute. Defendants appeal fron an award granting plaintiff compensation of $18 per week for 300 weeks, together with medical, hospital, and funeral expenses. Plain tiff s decedent told the personnel manager of the Clark Equipment Company that "hc thought he had a rupture." Dr, Henderson operated on him for the hernia end during the operation removed his ap.ondix. Infection developed, and plaintiffs decedent died of peritonitis. Plaintiff filed application under the occupation al disease lav; for compensation. If the infection was caused by the hernia, plaintiff would bo entitled to compensation, however, if the infection was caus ed by the appendix removal, plaintiff could not recover. It was incumbent upon her to prove that her decedent's hernia injury was the proximate cause of his G03S03 .-trial Hygiene Digest - 5. death. The decpartnent did net make a finding that the infection resulted from che hernia. It did moke a finding that it could net determine the source of the infection. The medical testimony indicated that the source of the infection could not bo determined. Plaintiff has failed to sustain the burden of proving tn.-t the hernia injury, through direct causal connection v.lth the operation and infection, was the proximate cause of her decedent's death. Award vacated. rvrr.s v. Clark Souinmont Co. et al. Uich. Supreme Ct. Decided June 1C, 194.2. (dC.-:;. VO Silicosis of Foundry V/orker. Old Tuberculosis Aggravated by Dust. Employment Lasting Only el Days. >. bother Hazards of Employment were Proximate Cause of 1-rank Lavell, a core maker, made a claim for compensation for disablement claim ed to have been caused by silicosis. The Industrial Commission allowed compen sation, but the circuit court sot aside the award, finding that Lavell had fail ed to establish that he had sustained an occupational disease. December 27, 1939, Lavell commenced to work for Ferguson & Lange Foundries, Inc., as a core maker, and remained there until February 26, 1940, when he was laid off. Dr. Davis, who examined Lavell while he was working for Ferguson & Lange, reported him unacceptable for foundry work based on the fact that he had an old tubercu losis, but which did not show any evidence of activity. He considered it inad visable to have a man with an old tuberculosis in a dusty industry and recom mended that he be not kept in an employment where he was subject to the hazard of inhaling silica dust. Plaintiff in error is conclusively deemed to have been exposed to an occupational disease during the sixty-one days ho was employed by defendant in error. Proof of exposure, alone, is not, however, sufficient to sustain an award of compensation. An award of compensation is vdthout a legiti mate basis where the evidence demonstrates it was impossible for the disease to have had its origin in the employment where the exposure occurred. There is no showing in the evidence from which it can be reasonably concluded that Lavell was afflicted with any disease fairly traceable to the hazards of his employ ment, or that such hazards are fairly traceable as the proximate cause cf his condition. The affliction of which plaintiff in error complains, neither had its inception in nor is fairly traceable to the hazards of his employment during the sixty-one days* exposure as an employee of defendant in error. Judgment affirmed. Ferguson & Lange Foundries. Inc, et al. v. Industrial Commission et al. 111. Supreme Ct. Decided June 11, 1942. (CCH). Book Reviews 31 Optimum Hours of Work in War Production. Industrial Relo.tions Section, Prince ton University. Research Report Scries: No.65, (1942). Price 75?. In response to the obviously acute need for the clarification of the question cf the maximum number of hours cf work each day and week than an individual can perform efficiently, the report has been prepared. A 43-hour week of 3 hours per day for 6 days was found to be satisfactory as no ill effects to the work men or production schedule occur. Schedules from 50 to 58 hours each week in many cases had adverse effects on efficiency, accidents and attendance. Schcdvilcc of 60 hours or more report a further increase in inefficiency but a 10 6 day week was considerably bettor than a 56 hour, 7 day week. If labor shortages exist a 60 hour week, two shifts per day for 6 days with a 10 hour saift is acceptable. Otherwise a *13 hour week, three shifts per day, six days CC360, . ..trial Hygiene Digest - 6. : ,:r week will provide maxi mum productivity. The booklet discusses special ,roclems such as absenteeism and increase in accidents. Other important factors like the physical capacity of the workers and lunch and rest periods are also considered. A bibliography is appended. Outline of an Industrial Kv- icno Program. Div. of Industrial Hygiene, Hat. Inst, of health, U. S. Public Health Service, Bothesda, Md. The outline is based on careful studies and the practical experience of physi cians, engineers and other industrial hygienists over a period of 25 years. The plan presented is practical and flexible and has been proven to contain the basis for an effective industrial hygiene program. The general considerations for im proving employee health are: 1. Conditions in the working environment (the plant). 2. Conditions in the living environment (the home and community). 3. Personal conditions (the health of the individual and his ability to partici pate in the program). Four types of services are required in order to make the program operative: 1. Medical (physicians, dentists and nurses). 2. En gineering (industrial hygiene engineers and chemists). 3. Safety (safety engin eers, first aid crews, shop safety committees). 4. Y/elfare (trained welfare workers, or personnel managers, union shop stewards, welfare committees, etc.). The outline presents detailed recommendations for the application of the re quired services to the objective of complete health protection. Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects 583 An Analysis of Industrial Hygiene Activities in State and Local Health Depart ments, 1940-41. V.M. Trasko and J.J. Bloomfield. Pub. Health Repts., 57. 653 (June 5, 1942). Three-fourths of the states arc now engaged on a more or less limited scale in rendering practical health services to industry. The report represents a sum mary of industrial hygiene activities provided by 24 state and 4 city units which includes a labor population of approximately twenty-nine and one-half million workers, more than one-half of that for the whole country. A total of 215 persons (22 for the part-time periods), including physicians, engineers, sanitarians, a fev; nurses and clerks, carried on the activities which form the basis for the report. The divisions spent slightly more than one-half million dollars for their work representing throe-fourths of the appropriations for all states with industrial hygiene units at that time. The field covered by in dustrial hygiene activities is so broad that cooperative working relationships are necessary and have been established between governmental and other health agencies. The impact of tho war program has hugely multiplied the number of problems to be studied. One state reported that if no additional contracts wore let and no other major problem arose, it would require 3 to 5 years to study the war industries alone. Six tables of data summarizing the activities of the --S_ porting agencies are provided in the report. They deal with: Sources of In70S- tigations, Industries investigated, workers affected by recommendations, oxt cr.t of compliance with recommendations, industries in which cases of O.D. were i n _ :ctigatud and the distribution of 1,535 oases of O.D. by exposure or agent c.r.n by ol u: D\iring the fiscal year of 1941 tho reporting agencies wore abl- furs i.: :r7icos to t,0>34 cstabiicjr.cnts involving 1,509,797 workers. lh conclude that yearly reports summarizing governmental industrial activities arc practical and desirable. 'hoy found from their present curve cc: r\ -rtri'jl Hygiene Digest - 7. need for increased programs to extend the services to a greater proportion of the working population. A need for more follow-up studies, for O.D. investiga tions and for absenteeism reporting were also evident. l-yt ftor.c Ducts JL High Dispensability. R.K. Hattersley and F.V. Tideswell. Cciiiw-ry Guardian, 164, 407 (May i( 1942). The optimum dust sines for use in rock dusting coal mines have been determined by experimental means. A general process for the manufacture of dispersablo stone dusts is indicated to stimulate further experimentation on such lines. A combination of careful grinding and separation by air borne suspension will probably provide best results as it is the fineness and not the nature of the dust which controls dispersability. However, dusts vary considerably in the nsc of removing ultra fines from them. The ultra fines are undesirable. CSS Coal Dust -- Self-Electrification and Explosion. S.C. Blacktin. Colliery Guardian, 164, 431 (May 3, 1942 and 154, 453 May 15, 1942). Prior to 1884 explosions in coal mines were attributed to firedamp and dust ex plosions were unrecognized. The concept of self-clectrification as a factor in dust explosions was confirmed by Blacktin from 1923 onwards. The factors in volved arc (a) the particle size and (b) the physical and physico-chemical func tions of particle size which are of course related to the chemical nature of the coal. The danger of self-electrification varies directly as the total sur face area. The ability to self generate electricity is provided by movement of the dust particles through some gas or gases. There are three major steps in the possible explosion of a dust cloud by self generated electric charges. They ere: 1. The generation by tho circulating dust of a sufficient electrical dis charge. 2. The manifestation of thecharge in some form capable of promoting a rapid chemical change either in thedust particles or in any combustible gas associated with them, 3. The ignition and explosion of the dust, directly cr indirectly, by such electric manifestation. Blacktin has produced coal dust explosions in the laboratory by the above three steps using many different coals. Many times the necessayy minimum energy value for dangerous sparking (0.002 joule) is generated. Blacktin claims that the lower exposive limit of methane is modified downward by coal dust to place it in the order of 2 per cent. 536 Dine Dust Explosion. Th. Bauer. Heichsarboitsblatt. (1T.F.), 19, III, 371 (1939) Ho definite cause could be found for the explosion in a zinc dust refinery which resulted in the death of one workman. The explosion could not be ascribed to iron particles or tobacco residues. Possible causes and protective measures are discussed. (Chesa. Abstracts). 587 Pneumoconiosis Encountered in Bituminous Coal Miners. R.H. Jones. J.A.M.A. U9. 611 (June 20, 1942). Anthraccsilicosis should be suspected in all soft coal miners with cough and dyspnea, usually referred to as "miners' asthma." In a series of 86 cases of enthrncosilicosis tho stage of involvement has been recorded as stages 1,2 end 3, Thirteen of tho men were disabled. Disability is not necessarily in propor tion to the nuaber of years of employment in tho nines but depends more on the occupation. Further group modi cal studies and engineering surveys should be made in the bituminous coal industry, with correlation of the findings. Morbidity and Mortality Among Cement Workers. A Review. H.Schiotz. Nerd. :v">. 'lid., i:i, 59 (19-I'j). ('.'hem. Abstracts). i :vjc the dust formed in tho manufacture of cement contains considerable c*.i oxide, which is corrosive, diseases of the upper respiratory tract, skin ecr. and cc nrcctivc tissue inflammation are .especially common among cement worker C03S0r> Ir..`.untried Hygiene Digest - 3. Because of the size of the dust particles (over 10 microns) there is no danger of silicosis* The mortality of cement Y/orkers is of the order of magnitude of that of the entire population* These statements are based on a series of sta tistics froa Germany and apply only to ordinary cement* Acid fast cements and others which nay contain quartz, asbestos and litharge are excepted. i'29 Acid Fast Omani sms in Scutum v.ith Normal or Questionable Roontgenogranhic Findings. F.B. Trudeau and R.L. Yeager. J.A.M.A., 119, 706 (June 27, 1942). One hundred cases with reported positive sputum and negative or questionable roentgen ray findings v/erc followed for one to thirty years after discharge, In this scries IE patients had relapses during this time and there have been 7 deaths, only one of than being reported as pulmonary tuberculosis. Although it is possible that in a small number of these cases the acid fast organisms found were non-pathological or duo to laboratory error, the very favorable prognostic significance of negative or doubtful roentgen ray findings in cases of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis, even though the sputum is reported as positive, seems to be clearly demonstrated. 590 Tetryl and Lead Azide Poisoning* Queries and Minor Notes. J. A. M A. 119, GQ3 (June 13, 1942). Tetryl is another name for "furan" or "furfuran," a relatively innocuous substance. It is net known that this material is used in fuse priming. Tetryl is picrylmethylnitramine or for short nitramine. In its manufacture several opportunities arise for poisoning, bums and dermatitis from various intermediate products. When in the dry, powder form, as well as when mixed, with diluting materials, such as acacia,, it is a well known cutaneous irritant and discolorer of the skin. Tetryl produces the yellow characteristic of picric acid as well as an orange staining. As described by Schwartz, the lesions arc erythematous and papular with vesication. Lesions are commoner at points of contact including the elbow fold and neck area. Patch tests with 0.5 tetryl in alcohol may yield positive results in 12 to 24 hours. Exposure to tetryl is fully capable of inducing sys temic disease, as best described by Noro (reviewed J.A.M.A., 2109 December 13, 1941), Exposure both to lead azide and lead styphnato may lead to systemic dis ease as well as dermatitis. The dermatitis from the azide is rare but possibly more severe than that from the styphnate. The styphnate has the property of turning tho skin and the hair yellow. Tho exposure should be brought to the prompt attention of whatever military agency is concerned with the enterprise and in addition to the state department of health. 591 Lead Poisoning from Dental Braces. Queries and Minor Notes. J.A.M.A., 119, 686 (June 20* 1942). Lead poisoatag from dental braces has not been reported as far as is known, and braces would be a most unlikely source of the disease. It would be particularly unwise to ascribe any absorption to such braces without knowing whether they con tained a high proportion of lead. The concentration of lead in the urine which may imply pathological changes in some cases is considered to be above 0.15 mg. of lead per liter of urine. 592 Tho Velocity of Intestinal Absorption of Lead. C. Poggato and E. Antcnioli. Ucd. lavore., 31, 14 (1940). (Chen. Abstracts). The absorption of lead from the digestive tract is especially rapid during tho first 0 minutes. It then fells rapidly and only after about 1 hour does it amain attain the high initial values. Load determinations in the circulating blood end in the blood of tho right ventricle indicate that considerable amounts -re retained in the liver. 003907 Industrie! Hygiene Digest - 9. 593 Alteration of the Leucocytes in Lead Poisoning* F. Niccletti. Arch. Antrop. Crimin., 60, 397 (1940). (Chen. Abstracts). Eleven guinea pigs of 250-250 g. body weight received perorally a suspension of lead acetate in distilled water for 3 months. The first month they were given 0.5 cc. of a 10# suspension every other day, tho second month 0.5 cc. of a 15# suspension every other day and the third month 1.0 cc. of a 20# suspension daily. In chronic lead poisoning there was a-distinct increase in the number of leuco cytes which gave the peroxidase reaction (method of Fouin and Fiessinger) and in the azurophile granules, the increase in the latter beginning first. The in crease was most distinct in the third experimental month. These alterations arc considered to be an expression of a defense mechanism of the organism. In the guinea pigs with the most severe symptoms of poisoning, the number of azurophile elements and of the peroxidase-positive leucocytes diminished markedly up to complete disappearance. This is considered to have value as a prognostic sign, as an early symptom of lead poisoning. 594 Solubility of Two Lead Salts in Dilute Solutions with Special Reference to the Load Hazard in Drinking v/ater.J. Am. water Works Assoc., 54. 55-93 (1942). In order to determine the extent to which the protective coatings in lead pipes were dissolved or eroded by the common ingredients of water, investigations were made on the solvent action of dilute solutions on basic lead carbonate and lead sulphate. The solvent action of sodium chloride (100 p.p.m.), ammonium nitrate (100 p.p.m.), calcium hydroxide (1-25 p.p.m.), aluminum sulphate (1-5 p.p.m.), and ferrous sulphate (1-5 p.p.m.), equalled that of distilled water. Concentra tions of 1000 p.p.m. of calcium hydroxide (as calcium carbonate) increased the solubility considerably. Higher concentrations of ferrous sulphate and aluminum sulphate increased the solvent action on the basic lead carbonate but decreased on the lead sulphate. The solubility of the basic carbonate was unaffected by chlorine (1-100 p.p.m.) but the sulphate was less soluble. Sodium meta phos- phate and sodium pyro phosphate decreased the solvent action at 1-10 p.p.m., but increased the solubility at 1000 p.p.m. This latter fact shows that there is no danger of solvent action by using phosphates in water treatment. 595 Clinical and Subclinical Lead Intoxication. A.E. Abraham and J.A. Baird. V.'ar Medicine, 2, 450 (May, 1942). In a group of men exposed to tho fumes of tetraethyl lead for about four weeks, 5 to 11 excreted significant amounts of lead. Clinical intoxication developed in 2 men and the other 3, although symptom free, definitely excreted amounts of lead signifying subclinical intoxication. It is especially imperative at the present time that medical officers assume protection of the men under their supervi sioa. 596 Poisoning and Immunity Protection. I. The Influence of Lead Poisoning on Anthrax Immunity* ?. Neri and A. UicelTi Giora. 3atteriol. immunol.. 25, 136 (1959). (Chem. Abstracts). The administration of lead exerted no essential influence cn the natural resis tance of the rabbit to the anthrax bacilli. In addition to the reticulo-endothalial system, which is damaged by the intake of lead, the remaining tissues may also play a role in the natural resistance. 597 Load Fcisonin.y in Children -- Report of cn Epidemic Due to the Burning of Stcr.~:-~vtc-ry Cosin-s os Fuel. A.J. Alexander and R.Z* Downing. Dow Intern. Clinics, D.D., 4, 2^ 219-42 (1941). (Chcm. Abstracts). X-ray determination of the deposition of load in the bones in conjunction with calcium deposition was a valuable diagnostic procedure. GO 3 SO C ;;ztrini Hygiene Digest - 1C* .l The Physiologic Action of Metallic Ma~nesiun. S.F. Meek, J.J. Prendergast, C.C. Tia.'i'old and C.P. McCord. J. Ind. Kyg. & Tox., 4, 142 (June, 1942). A continuation of previously reported animal experiments confirms the facility with v:hich macroscopic gas tumors may be induced by the implantation of particu late magnesium and high magnesium alloys. Aluminum and low magnesim alloys do not possess this property when similarly introduced into animals. Larger pieces of na^csium introduced as spicules, turnings, or slugs beneath the skin or deep ly into the muscles produce vacuoles but no gross tumors -- thus reflecting the increased surface area of magnesium in minute particle form. The severe necrosis with occasional gangrene is limited to the locality of the gas tuners formed. This necrosis is not caused by the heat incident to the chemical reac tion. At least no high temperatures were recorded on implated thermometers. The introduction of gases (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen) in the absence of magnesium creates no equivalent necrosis. Superficial skin-abrading with light metal pow ders leads to proteolysis in the instance of magnesium and high magnesium alleys. Lesions are not grossly more severe, and healing is not profoundly delayed. From tissue implantation, an occasional tubercle-like structure appears, in keep ing with the emphasized feature of some European observations. Equally, large- sized tumors are not anticipated in clinical experience from injuries from magne sium spicules and shavings. This is due to the much larger surface area from the masses of fine particulate metal introduced experimentally. Apparently as little as 10 mg. of powdered magnesium is capable of creating macroscopic gas tumor masses. 599 Magnesiogenous Pnoumagranulona. R. Z. Schulz and C.W. Walter. J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox., 24, 148 (June, 1942). The reaction of magnesium with water or body fluids produces hydrogen and magne sium hydroxide. The gas tends to remain localized and accumulate in discrete locules which are not crepitant as long as metallic magnesium is present. The alkali causes necrosis of tissue which stimulates fibroblastic proliferation. When such injury and repair continues over a long period of time, a pneumogran- uloma develops. Secondary degeneration of organs and tissues occurs due to pressure of the adjacent pneuraogranuloma. After the magnesium metal has under gone dissolution, the gas is gradually absorbed, leaving dense scar tissue. This reaction of tissues to metallic magnesium should not be confused with gas gangrene caused by micro-organisms. Magnesiogenous pneumogranulcma is a des criptive tem vrhicb includes the causative agent, as well as the resulting type of inflammatory reaction. Bizarre symptems following injury by fragments of magnesium should prompt early exploration of the wound. 600 Liftht UctaX Injuries. F. Marquardt. Med. Welt., 1317 (1939). (Chem. Abstracts). Ho severe inflammatory reaction or symptoms of hypersensitivity were noted after rubbing pure light metal filings or a filing petrolatum mixture into the shaved intact or eroded skin of 21 guinea pigs, even if the light metal slivers or a Dural-Ringer suspension had previously or subsequently been introduced into the subcutaneous connective tissue. Rubbing Dural filings on the skin of a man for 14 days or introducing a sliver into the area of the previously treated skin likewise produced no signs of sensitization. Experiments on subcutaneous implan tation of ZLoktrcn and Dural (slivers, filings, light metal Ringer solution) in 14 guinea ?ig3 confirmed earlier reports that both metals can form purulent in fections. While Dural reactions usually disappear after 2-4 days, frequent abscesses or at least inflammatory swellings of rather long duration are produc ed by Elektron. It is doubtful whether light metals can cause severe sensitiza tion in the form of eczema. GOSSO'J Industrial Hygiene Digest - 11. 301 Motni-Fur.es Fever. F.tY.A. Fosbery. J. Hoy. Nav. Med. Service, 25^ 232 (1959). (Chom. Abstracts). The inhalation of metal fumes of zinc, lead, mercury, manganese, cadmium, arsen ic, antimony," copper, magnesium and others can produce an acute attach v;hich re sembles grippe or pneumonia. This fever has nothing to do with a specific scute or chronic poisoning, but is considered to be due to shock caused by the products of protein destruction. No fatal cases have boon described. Recovery is suite rapid. 602 Effect of Mercury Vapor on Man. Queries and Minor Notes. J.A.il.A., 119, 601 (June 15, 1942). A person exposed to 500 micrograns of mercury per liter of air would take into his body approximately 5 mgs. during a working day on the basis of 10 cubic meters of air inhaled. Such an intake represents 5 times that believed to be the maximum tolerable amount. Some investigators believe that as little as 60 nicrograas per cubic meter of air may lead to poisoning. The absolute upper limit should be 100 micrograms per cubic meter of air. The spilling of mercury and other opportunities for the evaporation of the metal should be avoided. Scrupulous oral and cutaneous hygiene should be practiced and the use of alcohol by exposed persons is inadvisable. Constipation may aggravate poisoning and ex posure to mercury should be terminated at the first sign of absorption. For chronic poisoning no known drug therapy of known value is available, although the use of sodium thiosulphate in doses of 1 gram administered intravenously every.second day has been advocated. In cases of chronic poisoning the manifes tations resemble parkinsonism and the drugs used for that disease may be of some value. The use of amphetamine sulphate in a dose of 1/2 grain (0.03 gram) twice daily has been suggested. Mouth washes arc usually desirable and among others may be mentioned potassium permanganate (1:3000), tincture of myrrh 2$, thymol and potassium chlorate. Physiologically the patient may benefit from some of the following measures; removal from all exciting environmental influences; liv ing in the open air with sunshine if possible; frequent periods of exercise or work; the promotion of perspiration; a high intake of water or milk; the promo tion of high urinary output and frequent stools; frequent hot baths; massage of parts showing tremors; and abundant use of foods with a known content of vita mins, particularly egg and milk. 603 Symptomatology of Industrial Mercury Poisoning. A. Leischner. Med. Welt., 716 (1940). (Chem. Abstracts). Mercury poisoning has recently increased in Germany from the Slovakian mercury mines. A brief survey of the literature and a detailed description of two cases of mercurielism are given. One of the men, v;ho had worked with amalgams, had general neurasthenic difficulties. 3ecause of a simultaneously existing anemia and toxic blood changes as well as high urinary mercury excretion ( 74 micrograms per liter), the disturbances were charged to mercurielism. High mercury values in the urine are favorable prcgnosticaily as low values may indicate a greater mercury fixation in the nervous system. Only the mercury content of the cere brospinal fluid is related to the severity of the damage in the central nervous system. u04 Pntholorical Anatomy in Chronic Hoi conirjr with Mercury Vapor. G. Menesini. lacchia II S. , 3, 558 (1959). (Che;n. .~iosaracts) Almert .-`ll the organs, but especial ly the central nervous system, were affcin rabbits and guinea pigs which ha d inhaled mercury vapors at ordinary tor. atares or frem 54 to 360C. A new c cnception of mercury poisoning is given, c ehensive survey of the literat uro end 56 photomicrographs are included 0033:0 ! Kyrdene Digest - 12. Carbonvl Pneumonias. E. Krafft. Her. 6. ir.tem. Kongr. Unfallmed. u. "TTuflcrankh.^,1054, (1939). (Chern. Abstracts). .noumonin which occurs in nickel carbonyl poisoning does not resemble ordinpneumococcal pneumonia. It is believed that upon inhalation nickel, o known iiorgen, reaches the large surface of the lung and there produces a reaction similar to that caused on the skin. ..;3 M-!n,-uncse Pneumonia as an Occupational Disease. H.E. Buttner. Arztl. Sachvorst. It,;, d, 237 (1939). (Chem. AbstractsH A entailed critical discussion of the problem of manganese pneumonia is given. A:.r .rcntly, manganese increases the sensitivity to pneumococci. Unfavorable environmental factors also play a role as contributing factors but a regulatory action should be ascribed to the manganese. Manganese pneumonia should be recog nized as an occupational disease. f07 M~.naancse Poisoning. 2.W, Baeder. Arch. med. Soc. et Eyg., _2, 776 (1939). (Cham. Abstracts). In addition to 5 cases of manganism observed in Berlin, 6 cases from manganese miners are presented. Three brain sections of persons with manganese poisoning arc shown and these like the lung sections, reveal deposition of manganese in depot font. Atropine treatment gave favorable results. 603 Mechanism of the Antidotal Action of Methcmoglobia in Hydrogen Sulphide Poison ing. I.A. Oivin and A.I. Gunina. Farmakol. i. Toksikol., 5_> 69-72 (1940)-. (Chem. Abstracts). Dogs given 3 times the lethal dose of sodiim sulphide do not die if also given C.02 gram of sodium nitrite per kg. of body weight intravenously. A prompt rise in methcmoglobin content follows the sodium nitrite injection. The antidotal action of methcmoglobin is exerted not as an acceptor {no sulfmethemoglobin - could be detected spectrographically) but as an oxidizing agent. CO9 The Dancers of Nitrous Gases. 0. Muntsch. Med. Welt., 714 (1940). (Chem. Abstracts). A brief comprehensive statement of knovm facts on the occurrence, mechanism and clinical picture of poisoning by nitrous gases is given. The liver damage ob served with a group of injurious substances (aromatic intro end amino compounds) is also included. 610 Acute Pulmonary Edema as a Result of Occupational Injury. L. Riedl. Cas Lek Cesk. 357, (1940). (Chem. Abstracts). Occupational injuries from substances, such as nitrous gases, which can cause pulmonary edema are discussed. ^1 Bergers of Welding in the Interior of Boilers and Tanks. C. Hase. Anz. .wwc:iinenw., jjl_, 58 (1939). (Chem. Abstracts). The curious accidents during welding in the interior of boilers and tanks are for the most part the result of ignorance. Upon reaction of crude acetylene '1th a cleaning agent (primarily calcium hypochlorite) very poisonous gases are Termed. Possibilities of poisoning by various gases are discussed with accident statistics showing that carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen being the main ''-use of fatalities. The use of fresh air appliances is recommended as furnishi-". the boot protection against the poisonous gases. vu-o Increase in Conner Content cf the Liver of Value as an Indies ion of . r > ruer.:ng? K.V.. Jetton, C. VoiAlurwyck and 11. Reploh. Arch. v t - - ~ . i-22 (1040). (Chem. Abstracts). i* value for copper in the liver of cattle is approximately 60 mg. ~cr 7 liver. Values greater than this are considered pathological. C p> g r * A .1. I !Vi vl trial Hygiene Digest - 13. rj.3 Attack of the Skin by Hydrofluoric Acid. A, Jordi, Gesundheit u. Wohlfahrt., 20, 253-43 (1940?. Chimie & Industrie, 45_, 5C3 {1941). (Chem. Abstracts). 'iiie burns appear only after an hour or more, then the skin becomes white and after severik hours gangrenous in appearance. The necrosis can reach the bone; in x-rays this latter appears strongly decalcified. Recovery is slow. Rubber gloves are adequate protection in handling small quantities of hydrofluoric acid. C14 Fatal Carbon Dioxide Poisoning in a Grain Bin. Ronicke. Zentr. Gewerbehyg. Ur_fsilver hut., 27, 89 (1940). (Chem. Abstracts). The air of a concrete grain bin contained 4 volume per cent of carbon dioxide the day after the death of a workman vino had entered the bin. Methods for the prevention of poisoning and suffocation in grain bins arc discussed. In order to prevent dust explosions and fires, a safety lamp must be used in testing the atmosphere of bins for oxygen. 615 Some Recent Observations on Phosphorus Toxicology. R.B.L. Fleming, J.YJ. Miller and V.R. Swayne, Jr. J, lad* Kyg. & Tox., 24, 154 (June, 1942). Very definite bone pathology was observed in animals receiving phosphorus by subcutaneous injections. It was more marked in the rats than in the guinea pigs, and was absent in the control animals of both species. Some of the control guinea pigs were observed up to 1,1 GO days and they failed to shovr bone pathol ogy. In the two species of animals used, with the quantities of elemental phos phorus regularly administered up to 720 days, significant changes were produced in the bones without causing liver or kidney damage. As a result of the investi gations the authors conclude that, by subcutaneous injection of elemental white phosphorus there is a narrovt limit of physiological tolerance of about 0.8 mg. per Kilo of body weight per day; above which rapidly lethal effects occur. In dosages similarly administered at the rate of 0.05 mg. of phosphorus per kilo per day, significant bone changes are observed after the administration of 50 mg. of phosphorus. Between these limits no significant damage to the organs was observed. Those animals fed equal amounts of phosphorus reacted to a less extent to bone changes but showed greater retardation of weight. 616 Cobalt Poisoning. Experimental. Anatomic-Pathological Contribution. C.Seghini. Clin. med. ital. (N.S.), 71, 355 (1940). (Chem. Abstracts). Rabbits received subcutaneous injections of V/o cobalt chloride in doses of 1 cc. each for a few days up to 1 month. On the 30th day they were given a large toxic dose (10 cc. 10# solution) subcutaneously. A few minutes later tachypnea and tachycardia appeared. Death occurred 10-12 hours after the last injection. A detailed description of the section findings and the changes noted microscop ically is given. Animals died 10 hours after the peroral administration of 1.5 gs. of cobelt chloride. The toxic picture was the same as in the subcutaneous administrations* A detailed review of the literature is given* 617 Illness Traced to Cadmium Food Containers* K.O. Calvary. Metal Finishing, 40, 134-5 (1942). (Chem. Abstracts). A brief review is given. Symptoms are violent acute gastritis with nausea, cramps, vomiting, diarrhea and weakness* The containers at fault most commonly have bee.: cadmium plated icc cube containers* Because of its high toxicity cad mium should not be used in food containers of any kind. 613 Recent Invostirations cn the Problem of Radium Poisoning. A. Krebs. Forcchun- fen u. Fortsch., 53 (1540). (Chv.n. Abstracts). The following methods can reveal the oariy absorption of radioactive substances and indicate when a change in occupation is necessary! (1) Estimation of the emanation content of the expired air; (2) Detection of radiations from the body, --ad (3) Determination of the radium content of the blood. ^_ GOSS Industrial Hygiene Digest - 14. r" 19 Morv.-holorical and Functional Injury of the Urinary Passages by Chromium. F. Gallisia. Lavoro umano., 1., Do (1940). TChem. Abstracts!. Five rabbits of about 2 kg. body weight were poisoned by subcutaneous injections of 2-4 cc. of 0.5J1 potassium dichromate every 3-5 days. Four animals died in 2-45 days after total doses of 40-235 mg. of K2Cr07. One animal survived the administration of 85 mg. in 71 days. The course^of the body weight; the amount, the urea concentration and the specific gravity of the urine; the behavior, in concentrated and dilute tests; and the' histological findings are described in detail. 620 The Influence of Radioactive Substances on the Nervous System. L, Van derKorst. Deut. Z. I-iervonheilk., 151. 63 (1940)! (Chem. Abstracts]". Radius D is found in the breakdown of radioactive substances in the human body. The blood damage was studied in rats and cats after the administration of radio active water for long periods. Microscopically, damage of the nerve cells was found which resembled that in plumbism. Injuries of the central and peripheral nervous system through racioactivity or by lead are, however, not to be expect ed from radioactive water of normal strength. The amount of lead was not large enough to cause an injury to the brain. 621 Occupational Injury of the Upper Air Passages in the Preparation of Substances for Refining Steel. H. Symanski. Zentr. Gewerbchyg. Unfallverhut., 27, 154 (1940). (Chem. Abstracts). The technical processes in the preparation of vanadiian oxide (V2O5) are describ ed. Serial studios in a plant revealed smarting of the eyes, coryza, pharyngeal dryness, cough, pulmonary disturbances and dyspnea. Other changes, as blood and kidney damage, which have been described in the literature, were not found. Vanadic acid is a pronounced irritant of the mucous membranes. Protective measures are discussed. 622 Benzene Poisoning in Immersion Lacouering Plants. G. Bauer. Arch. Kyg., 124. 147 (1940). (Chem. Abstracts). A severe case of poisoning from benzene used as solvent in immersion lacquering of wooden articles is reported. There was extensive destruction of the red and white blood corpuscles and the hemopoietic apparatus. Recovery was slow. A detailed review of the literature on benzene poisoning is given. 623 Occupational Benzene Poisoning and Legislation. P. Guye. Helv. med. Acta. .6, 647 (1939). (Chem. Abstracts). Benzene poisoning has been observed in the Swiss watch industry. The measures for the prevention of benzene poisoning in various countries are discussed. It is recommended that all products which contain benzenes should be so labeled and that all bikers exposed to benzene should be given periodical physical examin ations. 624 Occupational 3enzono Poisoning. Vesco. Zentr. Gewerbchyg. Unfallverhut., 2, 52 (1940). (Chen. Abstracts). A compact literature survey of occupational benzene poisoning. Fatal Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning. T. Romcling. Ugeskr. Laeg., 337 (1940). (Chen. Abstracts). A 45 year old nan worked for 2-1/2 hours with CCI4 in a large, well ventilated machine rear... Zymptems of poisoning involving the aigestive tract, liver and kidneys developed 4 hours later. Subsequently pneumonia developed which termin ated in death on the 9th day. The nicrosccpic study revealed central acinus necrosis end degeneration of the peripheral portions of the acini in the liver, and edena and nephrotic changes in the kioncys* 0033*0 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 15. 62o Hormonal Reactions in Poisoning vlth Carbon Tetrachloride, a Cjrrhorenous Poi son, V-'liich Can Be Detected sy_ the Dtuthmokinetic Method of Dustin. C. Cavailero. Arch. intora. ned. exptl., 14, id (1939). (Chon. Abstracts). The endoerfete elands of animals poisoned vlth CCI4 wore studied by the Dustin etathmokinotic nothod which reveals irritation in the endocrine system through alteration in the sensitivity to colchicine (appearance of mitoses). This study revealed injury to the parathyroid glands, adrenal glcr.ds, hypophysis and the islands of lungcrhans. The rest of the endocrine system v;as either unaffected or the disturbances were not revealed by the method used. C27 Dr.rcrir.ental Methyl Chloride Poioor.ina, I. Introduction end Results of the toloricrJ. Investigation. G. Mcntenartini. Ann. med. nav. e. Colon., 45, 536 (1940). (Chcm. Abstracts). In acute poisoning from pure methyl chloride in dogs, the methyl chloride exert ed a toxic action on the tissue elements of the lungs, which consisted principal ly in an increase in permeability of the walls of the pulmonary vessels. Leuco cyte infiltrations occurred pcribronchially and perivascularly. The capillaries v;cre dilated, congested and in part surrounded by small extravasations of blood. The liver showed congestion of the central nerves and turbidity of the cell protoplasm. The kidneys exhibited signs of congestion and degenerative alter ations of the tubular epithelium as well as swelling of the glomeruli with dimin ution of the interstice between glomerulus and Bowman1 s capsule. These changes explain satisfactorily the anuria or oliguria regularly observed in the poison ed animals. 62S Methyl Chloride Poisoning. A.M. Jones. Quart. J. Med., 11, 29-43 (1942). (Chen. Abstracts). A severe case of methyl chloride poisoning in a refrigerator repairman is fully described, and 6 other case histories arc given. The mere detection of formic acid in the urine is not diagnostic of methyl chloride poisoning. 629 The Hole of Impurities in Trichlorethylene Poisoning. D. Matruchot. Her. 8. intern. Kcngr. Unfallmed. u. Berufskrankh., _2, 910 (1939). (Chem. Abstracts). Old trichlorethylene is more poisonous than the freshly prepared product. Of the numerous impurities in the aged substance, asymetrical dichlorethylene possesses a special toxicity as shown by guinea pigs inhalation experiments. It is concluded that the dichlorohydrocarbon exerts an effect not only from its cvm toxicity but also by catalysing the decomposition of trichlorethylene. 630 Injuries Through Solvents and Their Control. 0. Klimmer. Therap. G-egenwart., SO, 525 (1939)7 (Chen. Abstracts). A review af*.tba state of present experience with the definition and classifica tion of th 'solvents, followed by an explanation of their physiological action is given. Directions for treatment and prophylaxis are also included. 31 Poisoning by Solvents. H. Symansfci. Gesundh. fuhr. 4, 143 (1940). (Chcm.Afcsts.) The fundamental properties, principal groups and specific and non-specific ac tions of the solvents are discussed. The most important solvents are arranged chemically. Dermatitis from solvents is described. The effect of ammonium hy droxide and ammonium acetate, acetone md methanol, and other pairs are also considered. The dangers of the use of solvents even in email plants, must be c-.-rxiidorea -whore the principal symptoms are sag*.ostivo of gastritis, beginning :ui;:.cn:.ry tuberculosis and neurasthenia. The- toxic action of benzene and carbon is-.iiphidc arc described in detail. Compulsory reporting of O.D. cases is re garded as of paramount importance. 0039 1 -< r.v-.w-crial Hygiene Digest - 16. lead poisoning were found in the clinical investigation. The action of lead -.-.as detected only after a study of the basophilia and blood lead content. In two cases an increased blood lead (C.129 and 0.232 mg.) was found only after mobilisation v.lth potassium iodide. In 4 of the cases the blood leads were nor mal and no mobilization could be produced. The form of the disease is explain ed by the peculiar method of working. The workmen support themselves on a board with the elbov: so that the N. ulnaris is subject to constant pressure. In the v/et grinding of lead glass, a mist containing lead, is formed which is inhaled. Prophylactic measures are discussed. 033 Peripheral Neuritis in Industrial Poisoning and a Contribution to the Question of tho Exposition^ F. Luthv. Z.Unfallmedr Berufskrankh. (Bern.) 54, 34 (1940). Cham. Abstracts). Industrial polyneuritis is rare but is most frequent after plumbism and to a lesser degree after carbon monoxide poisoning. Of 33 cases from lead poisoning, 31 v/ere of industrial origin. An encephalopathy was noted 4 times and a neuri tis 6 times. Peripheral injuries are rare in mercury poisoning. Only a few of the 33 cases of carbon monoxide poisoning showed peripheral nerve injuries. Only sporadic neurological disturbances were found after poisoning with carbon tetra chloride, trichlorethylene, dimethyl sulphate, a mixture of benzene, toluene and xylene, dichlorobenzene, benzene, benzine, trichlorethane and tritolylphosphate. Amaurosis, which lasted only one day, appeared after dimethyl sulphate poison ing, Later continued exposure caused a blurring of the vision, unconsciousness and confusion. A syndrome resembling schizophrenia appeared after exposure to a mixture of benzene and its homologues. A motor and sensory neuritis of the right arm appeared after tritolyl phosphate poisoning. 34 Respirator Dermatitis. J, Pctro. British lied. J., No.4246 (May 23, 1942). Respirator dermatitis was observed in 16 patients and was traced to the acceler ators and antioxidants in the rubber parts of tho mask. The dermatitis is class ed as a sensitization dermatitis which occurs in pre-disposed individuals. The etiology, symptoms, signs, complications and treatment of the cases are describ ed. Photographs of the normal and pathological appearance of the patients are included. 635 Contact Dermatitis from Exposure to Dyes -- Case Report. E. Schwartz. J. of Allergy. 13, 417 (May, 1942). A case of contact dermatitis to scarlet red and to dyed fabrics is presented. Tho patient having osteomyelitis and cellulitis was treated v.lth scarlet red ointment. A dermatitis developed and patch tests with pieces of his clothing including sweaters, overcoats and pants v.crc positive. 63 6 The Action of Organic Liouids on the Skin. H.J. Oettel. Ber. 8. intern. Kor.gr. Unf.allmcd. Berufskrankh., 2_, 1223 (1039; * (Chen. Abstracts). The action of simple organic liquids on the intact skin was studied by the method of reflection measurement, with a pulfrich step-photometer. The pure saturated iiyarocarbons produced an extraordinarily severe irritation. The pcicons which are absorbed most poorly react most intensely with the human skin, ihic is probably because they remain longest on tho skin and, therefore, rcL.ct at the highest concentration. Those organic liquids with non-specific action on the skin represent concentration poisons. ; r.: Hygiene Digest - 17. . ; 3urn and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Queries and Minor Notes. J.A.M.A., 119, T" (June 2C, 1942). /. v;i:ite maa*ced 61 was burned on his face, the upper part of the chest and both hands and arms with strong sodium hydroxide solution. Three weeks after the accident he began to suffer from generalized rheumatoid arthritis and the question of the relationship to the sodium hydroxide burn is raised. Among the precipitating causes of rheumatoid arthritis are acute infections of the respiratory tract, acute chilling, shock and worry. By producing shock and worry the caustic bums might conceivably have precipitated the disease in a person who was "about ready" to have it, but if so the occurrence is indeed rare and unusual. As far as is known, rheumatoid arthritis is not a recognized com plication of any other type of cutaneous burn, even when the burn is extensive. coo Occupational Dermatoses. E. Bizzozero. Rass. med. ind., 10^, 655 (1939). (Chem. Abstracts). A discussion of the pathological, anatomical forms of occupational skin dis eases is followed by a brief statement on the individual causal factors, as the mechanical, thermal, chemical and infectious influences on the skin. The impor tance of the disposition is shown. The prophylaxis and treatment of occupation al diseases is briefly described. C39 Occupational Dermatoses. G. Caso. Rinasc. med., 17, 523 (1940). (Chem.Absts.) A brief discussion of the subject of occupational dermatoses. 640 Dynamics of Antidote Effects Exerted by Sodium Bicarbonate. A.A. Gavrilyuk. Famakol. i. Toksikol.,~3, 57- 63 (1340). (Chem. Abstracts). Intravenously injected sodium bicarbonate (6 cc. of 8# solution per kg. of body weight) in rabbits increases resistance to arsenic, potassium cyanide, quinine and strychnine. Response of the vegetative nervous system to adrenaline is also altered. Similar effects with the use of sodium bicarbonate were also ob served in dogs. 41 Medical Progress. Industrial Hygiene. S.S. Pinto and Manfred Bowditch. New Eng. J. Med7, 25, 949-52 (1941)T (Chem. Abstracts). A review of recent studies on poisoning by benzene, carbon disulphide, T.N.T., tetryl, lead, mercury, and radium with methods of treatment and precautionary measures. 32 references. 42 Chronic Toxicity of Perris. A.M. Ambrose, F. DeEds and J.B. McNaught. Ind. & Eng. Chem. Ind. Ed., 34, 684 (June 2, 1942). In the search for effective substitutes for lead arsenate and fluorine compounds as insectieidos, the investigation of potential health hazards traceable to spray residues is an essential and indispensable part of the program. Existing data on the acute and chronic toxicity of dorris arc summarized. The study of the chronic toxicity of derris is extended to include a different strain of al bino rats maintained on a different basic diet from that formerly used. The quantity of total extractives and the qualitative and quantitative composition of the extractives arc more important factors in the chronic toxicity of derris samples than is the rotenonc content. Evidence of liver injury has been found in albino rats receiving daily in the diet a concentration of derris or cubS corresponding to 73 parts per million par's of diet. Variations in composi tion c-f derris and cubk necessitate caution in making sweeping generalizations regarding the toxic properties of derris und-cubk on the basis of studies cm. a few samples. C03S.-.3 _..-trial Hygiene Digest - 18. ..'..s iuction of Carbon Monoxide in Oppressed Air Ranges. W.3. Brown. Colliery ToTrcian. 164, 383-5 (April 4, 1S4). Tic article-gives a review of explosions which have occurred in and adjacent to air compressors and air lines in mining operations. Injuries to workmen from burns, the force of explosions, and gases formed by explosions are described. Precautions for the prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning are given. (A-'i Influence of Arsenic on Selenium Poisoning in Hogs. A.L. Moxon. Proc. S. -.ukota Acad. 3ci, 21. 34-6 (1941). ' C hem. Abstracts). Disodium hydrogen arsenate when fed at the rate of 5 p.p.m. in the drinking water of pigs will counteract the toxicity of selenium when fed at a rate of 0 p.p.m. in the ration. Results show that arsenic prevents at least a part of tho seleniua from entering the muscle tissues of the hog. The liver of an ani mal fed both selenium and arsenic contained more selenium than the liver of one fed only selenium. 645 Pneumoconiosis from Earth Colors. J. Hagen. Arch. Gewerbepath. Gewerbehyg., 9_, 621 (1939). (Chem. Abstracts). Although reported analyses of the dust of earth colors show a relatively low content of silicic acid, yet under hygienically unfavorable working conditions lung changes can be produced in those working with earth colors. Cases of work men in such plants are reported, in which roentgenological studies revealed 2nd and 3rd degree silicosis. Dust control in the various steps of the work and regular roentgenological examination of the workmen should be carried out. 646 Enamel Pneumoconiosis. E. Gaubatz. Fortschr. Gebiete Rontgenstrahlen., 61, 233 (1940), (Chem. Abstracts). Pneumoconiosis was studied in enamel -workers. The principal findings were that the silicates were deposited in the paratracheal lymph nodes until they are blocked. Then the silicates are stored in the lungs themselves. f C47 Occupational Poisoning of Workers on Rotation Presses. G. Castrovilli, Med. lavoro., 30^, 225 (1939) . (Chem. Abstracts). Tho work on rotation presses is described and the toxic substances encountered are reported. Two cases of benzene poisoning, used in printing inks are given. The necessary precautions for the prevention of poisoning are discussed. 48 Some Case Reports of Occupational Diseases in Sweden. G. Rundberg. Zentr. Gewerbehyg. Unfallverhut., 27,- 66-7 (1940). (Chem. Abstracts). A report on poisoning from arsine, carbon monoxide, chromium and various organic substances including carbon tetrachloride and petroleum distillates is given. 49 The Occurrence of Bronchial Asthma in Electrochemical Factories. S.N. Meyer. Nerd. Hyg, Tid,, 20, 329 (English Summary 3457". (1939). I Norwegian). (Chem. Abstracts). Bronchial asthma was found in 8.8# of 387 -workers in 4 aluminum plants. The asthma was accompanied by eosinophiiia, but there were no other pathological findings. It appeared chiefly in thos' who had worked at the cells for rather long periods (more than 10 years). Asthmatic attacks appeared in one worsen upon inhalation of cryolite fumes. No asthma was found, however, in 94 workers in 2 fcrrocilicon plants. In order to determine whether the asthma was caused hv tor gases from tho electrodes, 76 workers with tar in 2 electrode factories "id one tar distillation plant were examined; no evidence of asthma was found. T;:r fumes vary with temperature; the temperature was much higher, however, in tho aluminum cells thun in the other plants. 0033 7 r,- US' lc;l Hygiene Digest - 19. ico Influence of the Neural Component in the Mechanism of Chronic Occupational ?ciconir.r. IV. infects of Benzene and Carbon Tetrachloride on the Organism When Given Simultaneously. P. Hytnik. Farraakol. i. Tcksikol., 3, 39-46*Tl9407. Cher.. Abstracts). In rabbits given both benzene and carbon tetrachloride the response to both poi sons is altered. The effect resembles the action of either poison when given after applying a prior stimulus, which fact supports the idea that the action of those poisons is indirect. Hence their combined action may be regarded as coming from two stimuli. Susceptibility to benzene poisoning is considerably diminished by carbon tetrachloride, which suggests the possibility of prophylax is against chronic benzene poisoning. 651 The Influenco of the Neural Component in the Mechanism of Chronic Occupational Poisoning. Y. Influence of Administration Sequence on the Effects of Tvjp Poisons. P. Mytnik. Farmakol. i. Toksikol., 3, 47-52 (1940)7" (Chem. Abstracts). Transition from benzene poisoning to carbon tetrachloride poisoning increases the toxic effect in rabbits, death coming earlier than in benzene poisoning alone The reverse transition decreases the toxic effect of benzene; rabbits survive longer in spite of receiving larger benzene injections. The morphological changes in the blood in passing from carbon tetrachloride poisoning to benzene poisoning resemble those occurring in chronic carbon tetrachloride poisoning, presumably because of the trace reaction of carbon tetrachloride poisoning. In changing from one solvent to another under industrial conditions, allowance should be made for the trace effect as part of the occupational hazard. 652 Tar Cancer as an Occupational Disease. J. Firket and A. Mai ter. Arch, med, soc. et hyg., 2j 797 (1959). (Chem. Abstracts), In 126 workers handling tar in the province of Liege, precancerous findings, as hyperkeratoses and warts, increased with age and duration of exposure. Skin cancer was foiad in only two of the men. Spectrographic studies revealed that the tar contained benzopyrene and benzanthracene, knovm to be carcinogenic agents The cancer frequency was not significantly different from that of the unexposed population. Tar cancer no longer possesses the significance that was earlier attributed to it, Y/ork on the carcinogenic properties of substances using ani mals is not directly applicable to human beings without further experimentation. 653 The Examination of Dimothylanthracones for Carcinogenic Properties. F.L. ICenna- way, H.II. Kennaway and F.L. Warren. Cancer Research, 157-9 (1942). (Chem. Abstracts)* 1,2; 1,3; $,*4; 2,3 and 9,10 dimethylanthracene were tested for carcinogenic activity 6y application to the skin and by subcutaneous injection and implanta tion in mice* The 9,10 compound alone produced epithelioma of the skin, and adenomas of the lung were most abundant in the mice receiving this compound. None of the 5 compounds produced tumors of the subcutaneous tissues. The re sults indicate (1) the importance of substitution in the 9,10 positions as a source of carcinogenic activity and (2) the inadequacy of subcutaneous injection as a sole test for carcinogenic power. ^Inhibition of the Autoxidation of Aldehydes of Carcinogenic Chemicals and delat ed Compounds. Y.'.L. VJaslcy and H.P. lUisch, Cancer Res., 2, 422 (June, ~1S42) T uutcxidatic-a of ber.zaldehyde and heptaldchydo was inhibited by anthracene, 3,4 benzpyrene, 1,2,5,6 dibcnzanthrncene, 20 r.ethylcholanthrenc, dimetkylcmineazobcr.zcne and hydroquinone. Fvidence from -the absorption spectra indicated that the inhibition of the autoxidation of benzaldehyde by 3,4 benzpyrene in volves the induced oxidation of the latter to one or more quinoncs. 00 w- '-j - c .Mj Industrial Hygiene Digest - 20. The Effect of Solvents in Methylcholanthrene Epidermal Carcinogenesis. A Compar ison of Benzene and Acetone. R.E. 3tov/ell and W. Cramer. Cancer Research, Z_y 193-7 (194ST. (Chean. Abstracts). Epidermal carcinogenesis v/as obtained somewhat more rapidly with acetone than with benzene as a solvent for 0.3$ methylcholanthrene. Mice painted vlth a G.o$ solution in acetone three times a week and vlth pure benzene on alternate days developed cancer even more rapidly. Of 123 mice painted vlth methylcholantlircne in these experiments, 56$ had multiple malignant neoplasms of the skin. The hyperemia of the skin of a rabbit ear after the application of methylcholanthrene in benzene v/as a combined effect of the carcinogen and of its solvent. The less pronounced hyperemia after the application of methylcholanthrene in acetone was caused by the carcinogen alone. 056 Scporinental Tar Cancer in Man. J. Korbler. Mschr. Krcbsbekpfg., 8_, 155 (1940). (Chem. Abstracts). Application of a mixture of equal parts of tar and lard for about a monthto the anal orifice and intestinal entrance of a woman suffering from severe constipa tion and anal bleeding resulted in initial improvement followed by marked aggra vation of the disease through narrowing of the intestinal canal. This is consid ered to be experimental proof of the production of tar cancer. However, the patient had been previously operated upon for intestinal cancer. The tar treat ment may have stimulated new proliferations about old, unhealed sections. 657 The Significance of Chemical Examination in the Diagnosis of Silicosis. L. U, Gardner and A.J, Redlin. J, Ind. Hyg. & Tox.. 24^~12;T7 June. 1942)". See Abstract No. 362, April, 1942 Digest. Methods of Detection and Deteimination 656 Limits of Inflammability and Ignition Temperature of Styrene in Air. G.W. Jones, G.S. Scott and W.E. Miller. U.3. Bur. of Mines, Rept. of Xnvestig., No.3630, Washington, D.C. (March, 1942). The extensive use of styrene, a combustible liquid, in the manufacture of syn thetic rubbor has made it necessary to study its limits of inflammability. It is a colorless liquid having density of 0.9074 at 20C. compared to water at 4C, and a boiling point of 146C. It has an odor resembling that of a mixture of benzene and naphthalene. Vfhen heated to around 200C. it polymerizes very rapidly to the solid metastyrene. The limits of inflammability of styrene by volume in dry air at laboratory pressures and temperatures ranging from 29.3 to CD.2C. are 1,10 per cent for the lower and 6.10 per cent for the upper limit. All mixtures falling within those limits arc inflammable. Styrene has ignition temperatures of 490^0. in air and 450^0. in oxygen. The method employed to es tablish the limits of inflammability and ignition temperatures are described. 659 Prevention of Lead Poisoning in Glazcrs. Dwelling. Scran. Rundschau, 48, 155 (19'.-v). (C ncm. itontracts). No plumbicm has occurred in roccnt years among glazcrs cincc the introduction of the following preventive measures: spraying in isolated locations with good spray removal, wearing respirators, careful oral and body hygiene, wearing of protective clothing (smocks) and improving nutrition. ~fc- i. Hygiene Digest - 21. ' ,. nr?.: nation of the Concentration of Benzene and Toluene in Air by a SnecUothod. P.A. Cole. J. of Optical Soc. of Amer., 32, 304 (Way, 19421. ; '',nvor*icafc spectroscopic method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis , ,* ;;ir samples for benzene and toluene is described. The method is sufficiently )~o:ice (^10 per cent) for application in the range of toxicological importance n only a 500 cc. sample is used. The method is limited to those vapors which ;. vc discrete band spectra in the near ultraviolet region of the spectrum. A convenient sampling bulb is described which is useful for air samples containing inflammable solvents. Working curves relating intensity of absorption to con centration are shown for benzene and toluene. C01 Electrochemical Method for the Detection of Lead in Foodstuffs. II.I. Zotova. Vor-rosy Pitaniya, 1, 71 (1S41). {Chem. Abstracts). The method requires carbonization with a mixture of aluminum and calcium nitrates with subsequent ashing in a muffle furnace at 450-500C. The ash is dissolved in nitric acid and the lead is removed electrochemically as lead dioxide on the anode* The lead is finally determined colorimetrically. The method is effec tive for 0.05 to 1.0 mg. of lead and requires 8 to 9 hours for a determination. An accuracy of 95# of the actual amount of lead is claimed. Tin does not inter fere. 6C2 Phenol Studies. I. Review of Literature. II. Quantitative Spectrophotometric Estimation of Free and Conjugated Phenol in Tissues and Fluids. III. Phenol Con tent- of Normal Tissues and Fluids. 7A Deichmann and L.J. Schafer. Am. J* Clin. Path., 12_, 129-43 (1942). (Chem. Abstracts). Normal human blood has a free phenol content of 0.0 to 0.08 and a conjugated phenol content from 0.0 to 0.08 mg. per cent. Sweat was found to contain: free 0.09 to 0.44, conjugated 0.04 to 0.11 and total phenol 0.16 to 0.55 mg.per cent. Saliva contains: free 0.11 to 0.23, conjugated 0.07 to 0.15 and total 0.23 to 0.37 mg. per cent. Urine contains: free 0.0 to 3.8, conjugated 10.0 to 39.0 and total 13,0 to 42.0 mg. per cent. Feces contain 1.9 to 4.2 total phenol. Organs contain: free 0.0 to 0.09, conjugated 0.0 to 0.56 and total 0.0 to 0.56 mg. per cent. There are 39 references to the literature. 663 The Use of Dichloroethane in Industry from the Standpoint of Industrial Hygiene. 7N.D, Rozenbaum. Khlm. Referat. Zhur., No.3, 141 (1940). (Chem. Abstracts) Poisoning by dichloroethane is usually mild. Concentrations below 0.1 mg. per liter do not produce chronic intoxication. Under production conditions the con centration of dichloroethane in the air usually does not exceed 0.03 to 0.06 mg. per liter* Dichloroethane is best determined by tho method of S.L. Ginsburg based on absorption in alcohol and the reaction of the solution with sodium ethylate/ Tho chlorine content is then determined nephelometrically. A number of cases of poisoning and their causes are described. 6* Polarographic Determination of Arsenic in Biological Material. Karl Bambach. Ir.d. Eng. Clicm., Anal. Ed., 14, 265-7 (1242). Although arsenate ions arc apparently net reduced by the polarograph, arsenious ions yield a step with a half v;avc potential of -- 0.35V. in 1.5 normal KC1 ~nd -C.5V. in 0.5 normal KC1. The potentials were taken against the 1 normal colonel electrode. With vmantitics of arsenic below 10 gamas the error is 10 per cent; above 10 gamma it is 3 to 5 per cent. Antimony has a step with a h.if wv.vo potential cf -0.16V. in 1.5 normal IIC1 and -0.22V. in 0.5 normal HC1 a.-.;', it docs not interfere oven if added directly to the solution beforo electro'yciL. 003920 T2u5trial Hygiene Digest - 22. CCj Prevention and Control of Hazards in the Radium Dial Painting Industry. L. F. Curtiss^ lad. Hyg. & Tox., 24. 131 (June ~19427~. The rapid increase in the manufacture and application of radim luminous paint ac a result^of the war requires special watchfulness on the part of those charg ed with protecting the workmen in this industry. The information nov: available was accumulated through expensive and disastrous experiences, a repetition of which is inexcuaable. The radium family of elements is described and a diagram of the radioactive series is presented. The effects on the body of each member of the series and thealpha, beta and gamma rays which they generate are discus sed. Preventive measuies fall into three groups, corresponding to the three methods by which radium may be introduced into the body. Ingestion is caused primarily by the practice of pointing the brushes between the lips and secondar ily by untidiness and carelessness. The second hazard is the inhalation of radon, a gas, or radioactive dust. The third source of poisoning is the gamma radiation. Methods of measurement and control of the hazards are described in detail. Extremely sensitive methods of detecting hazardous exposures are avail able. They include the use of an ionization chamber for obtaining a photograph ic record of the amount of radon present and the Geiger-Muller tube counter for determining gamma ray intensity. The maximum allowable concentration of radon is 10-10 curie per liter. The tolerance limit of gamma ray intensity is 0.1 roentgen per 8 hour day. Colorimetric Microdeteimination of Arsenic. M.B. Jacobs and J. Nagler. Ind. & Eng. Chen., Anal. Ed., 14^ 442 (May 15, 1942). The combined arsine generation and molybdenum blue method for the micro-deter mination of arsenic is simple and convenient. It is more sensitive than the official Gutzcit test, for accurate determinations of as little as 1.5 micro- grams of arsenious oxide can be made. The apparatus required is inexpensive and available in most laboratories. The relative hazard in arsine generation is less than that of other methods which, generate relatively large amounts of .hydrogen chlorido. The time involved is comparatively long but the analyses may be run in banks similar to the Gutzeit estimations. 667 Spectronhotometric Estimation of Pentachlorophenol in Tissues and Water. V;. Deichmann and L.J, Schafer. Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed., 14, 310-12 (1942). A new, dependable and accurate method is described which is based on the forma tion and spectrophotometric determination of a reddish yellow pignent formed by the action of nitric acid on pentachlorophenol. Deichmann followed the compound which is toxic, through the body in amounts below harmful levels. The method is applicable to 0 to 9 mg. per 10 grams of biological material (except fat) and to 0 to 50 ag. in 5 cc. of water. Some other substances give a fals positive reaction. 668 Estimating the Toxicity of Toxic Industrial Dusts. N.S. Pravdin. Farmakol. i. Toksikol., 3^, 17-19 (1940). (Chem. Abstracts). A method of estimating the toxicity of dusts can be based on detoxification of nearly insoluble dusts by the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system. Those cells act a3 a physiological barrier, but are probably themselves impaired in their enzymic secretory functions, as evidenced by greater incidence of infec tious diseases in seme dust exposed occupations. The method can be used for es timating toxicity of dusts before the symptoms of slow chronic poisoning be.::, a to appear. Detection of P:\don by Means of r. Pranortlor.al Counter. S.C. Brown, L.G.Elliott end H.D. Evans. P.cv. Sci. Instruments, 13, 147 (1942). (Chem. Abstracts). The construction of a counter and amplifier is described. The radon is either conuonsod in a liquid air trap before transferring it to the counter or it is swept into the counter with nn inert. #ns. nu o 0o ?<-- Industrial Hygiene Digest - 23 7 > Qrthonitrosophenol as a New Reagent in Colorimetric Analysis -- Determination of Cobalt. George Cronheim. Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed., 14, 445 (May 15, 1942). 0-Kitrosopltfjjwl as a new reagent in colorimetric analysis offers many possibil ities for estimation of snail amounts of cobalt, palladium, iron, copper, mercury andaickel. It is possible to estimate 5 micrograms of cobalt in 0 ral. with an error not exceeding 1 per cent. The only interfering metals are triva- lcnt iron and palladium. The trivalent iron interference is eliminated by form ing complex iron compounds v/hich do not react with O-nitrosophenol. The inter ference of palladium can be removed by the use of suitable color filters. -'71 Industrial Health Defense -- Dust Counts and Their Significance. N.R. Bernz. 1-ioat., Pip., & Air Cond., 14, 351 (June, 194*21. The methods employed in the evaluation of dust exposures are described in this series of articles v/hich began in March, 1942. The present article is devoted to a discussion of the midget impinger, the microprojector, the Owens jet, the Bausch 5: Lomb dust counter and the konimeter. 672 Relative Merits of Large end Small Sampling Nozzles for Dust Determinations. R.H. Bubar. Combustion, 15, 59 (June, 1942). The article presents a discussion of tho determination of the dust load in ex haust flues. A modification of the A.S.T.M. Code is suggested to provide a 1-1/2 inch no3sle in place of the present 1/4 inch diameter sampling nozzle. By means of specially devised apparatus it is demonstrated that more accurate re sults will be obtained by the modified procedure. 673 Signaling Apparatus for Dangerous Concentrations of Benzene in Air. 1.3. Kogan. J. Applied Chem. (U.3.3.R.T 14," 662-5 (1941) .{Chem. Abstracts). An automatic apparatus is described for signaling the appearance of dangerous concentrations of benzene vapor in air {0,2 mg./liter or higher). Air is drawn into a porcelain tube where it is burned with the C0 produced being absorbed in a calcium hydroxide solution. The electrical conductivity of the solution is used to actuate a light or bell through an electrical relay. The apparatus is not specific and must be calibrated for each organic substance to be measured. The instrument cannot be used in the atmosphere being analyzed as an explosive mixture would be detonated by tho electric muffle heater used. 674 Apparatus for the Detection of Poisonous and Explosive Gases and Vapors. 2. Hearing. Zentr. Geworbebyg. Unfallverhut.. 27, 11 {l940). (Chem. Abstracts). Methods for the detection and estimation and commercial apparatus for the recog nition of poisonous or explosive gases and vapors are described. The fields of application and the supply houses are tabulated. Control Methods 75 Better Dust Control Needed in Food Plants. Max Levine. Food Industries, 12, 50-2 (1940). (Chem. Abstracts). Much spoilage occurs in beverage plants as a result of microbial contamination from dust. Improved designs of equipment together with strict cleanliness and cither air filtering or air conditioning arc recommended. p. r\ ^ -\ o If U .0 r. - \v: i;; trial Hygiene Digest - 24. , y. : r;j ;.-;trial Code Hule No. 34 -- Relating to the Control of Silica Dust in the Crusllnr, Operations. N. Y. Dept, of Labor, Board of Standards and Appeals, j.rioctivo M# l, 1942. 13 pp. The rules:pp|&y to all stone crashing and associated operations involving expo- ,:wrn to containing free silicon dioxide. Failure to comply with the rules of this inSfetrial code are punishable by fine or imprisonment or both. The maxims: allowable dust concentrations, the methods of determining the free sili ca of the stone, the methods of determining the atmospheric duct concentration and the methods of dust control are described. The general requirements for plan examinations for the issuance of approval of equipment for dust control are also included. The possibility of there being practical considerations which '.;oild cause unnecessary hardships in some instances is recognized. The Board of ;;v.-.ndards and Appeals will consider claims for variations on the basis of the following factors: (1) The free silicon dioxide content of the air-borne dust particles; {2} The quantities of suspended particles of free silicon dioxide dust less than ton microns in size and (3) The presence and character of inhibit or substances. Section 65 of the Workmen* s Compensation Law - Articles 1 and 2 apply to these rules. They state that legislative intent is to prohibit by every lawful means available any requirement as a prerequisite to employment which compels a candidate for employment to undergo a medical examination. Copies available from the Printing Bureau, Labor Department, State Office Building, Albany, N. Y. (10 cents) C77 Industrial Code Rule No.10 -- Relation to the Equipment. Maintenance and Sanita tion of Foundries and the Control of Dusts. Gases and Fumes in Foundries. N. Y. Dept, of Labor, Board of Standards and Appeals. Effective February 1, 1942. 39pp. The rules are known as "The Foundry Code" and they have the force and effect of law. Penalties for failure to comply with the rules are provided and they in clude fine or imprisonment or both. The Foundry Code is comprehensive ana is intended to cover by regulation all operations, processes, equipment and environ ment which might adversely effect the health or well-being of employees. Copies of the bulletin may be secured through the Printing Bureau, Labor Department, State Office Building, Albany, N.Y. (10 cents). 673 Ventilation for Control of Fumes in Wartime Welding Work. W.C.L. Hemeon. Heat., Pip7r& Air Cond., 14, 341 (June, 1942). The control of fianes from electric welding is of immense importance in keeping men on the job, by avoiding the otherwise inevitable days off for sickness and for maintenance of worker efficiency and morale. Necessity for such control is especially apparent in the shipbuilding industry, but it is just as essential in all plant* and shops employing welding for production for victory. Local exhaust ijjjrtWw, the characteristics of the safety zone, limitations and speci- ficationi^fe discussed. Hdso size, the possibilities in static pressure regain and other lateral ventilation methods are applied to floor and bench welding operations. r'7<* Cncrging Against the Flammable Liquid Fire Hazard. C.L. Griffin. Ind. Eng. Chen., Ind. Ed., 34 , 664 (J une 2,"*1942). The flammable liquid fire hazard is chief among the threats which menace the process industries. The way to extinguish a fire is to smother it, take away its oxygen. In most cases, it is vital to control the fire in a hurry. Modern equipment for the early detection of fires and an automatic high pressure carbon dioxide system are described. The carbon dioxide system has been used fer mul tiple protection of more than one hazard and for a number of special purposes. C0332 Industrial I^ygiene Digest - 25. C30 Protecting Life. Property and Production* Ind. Hygiene Codes Committee, Amer. Foundrymen* 3 Assoc. Foundry, 70^, GO (June, 1942). Part IX of 'it series started in May, 1942. See Abstract No. 469, May, 1942. The complete code may be purchased through the American Foundrymen1 s Assoc., 222 V*. Adams St., Chicago, 111. ($1.50). 81 A Quantitative Vanorizer. W.F. Wells. Science, 95^ 609 (Time 12, 1942). A means of regulating a quantitative dosage of disinfectant for air disinfection is described. A sketch of the apparatus which provides a cell with an immersed heating element is given. 6S2 V'orkcrs1 Clothing -- A Production Factor. C.P. Yaglou. Occup. Hazards, 13 (June, 1942). The type of clothing worn by workers bears considerable significance in the determination of air conditioning standards. There is at the present a double standard of comfort for men and women due primarily to the difference in the amount of clothing worn. If women would dress in winter with clothes comparable in warmth to those of men and if men would dress in the summer with clothes com parable in warmth to those worn by women, the problem of air conditioning would be greatly simplified. The expense of heating and cooling buildings also would be reduced. 683 Salivation Hazard Lessened in Quicksilver Mining. Thomas Soule. Eng. Mining J., 143, 51-3 (1942). (Chem. Abstracts). The remedy is found in spraying a lime-sulphur solution on all places and ob jects that can harbor the native mercury. (See abstract No.555, June, 1942), 684 New Cadmium Standard Protects Worker1 s Health. Cyril Ainsworth. Ind, Standard ization, 12, 517-18 (1941). (Chem. Abstracts). An allowable concentration of cadmium or its compounds of 1 mg. per 10 cubic meters of air has been prescribed by the American Standards Association. The sampling procedure and analytical methods are given in the standard. 685 Chemical Engineering Aspects of Centrifugal Fan Design. C.V. Hermann. Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Engs. , 38. 365-76 (1942). (Chen. Abstracts). The factors of centrifugal fan design which are of particular importance when handling corrosive or erosive gases are discussed. The ways in which these fac tors can modify the more standard details of the regular ventilating fan designs are reviewed. Industrial Medical Practice 60 6 Prepress Report on Industrial Hygiene in the National Defense Program. Div. of Ind. Kyg., Nat. Inst, of Health. V;ar Medicine, Z_, 497"7May, 1942). The report describes the progress in the training of new personnel, the ser vices to industrial military establishments, the assistance to state and local industrial hygiene bureaus, the laboratory research and the miscellaneous activ ities of the Division of Industrial Hygiene, National Institute of Health as a part of the National War effort. 0C3S2 i Industrial Ifygiene Digest - 26. 037 Testimony Before Commission and Court. W.A. Bishop. J. lad. Hyg. & Tox., 24, 159 (June, ~ 1. Be digni&d, but not pompous. 2. Use simpSk understandable language and if technical terms are used, explain their meaning. 3. Remember yo'ir oath and adhere to the truth. 4. Render sound and reasoned opinions which agree with the best medical thought. 5. Do not be led into hasty or ill-considered opinions on insufficient know ledge or evidence. 5. Bo sure that your examinations of claimants are comprehensive enough to cover all the reasonable contingencies, in order that your statements may bo based as fully as possible upon your own investigations. ?. Refuse to answer categorically, if such a response is only a half truth, and this applies just as much to the questions of your own attorney as to those of the opposition. 8. Do not be afraid to say you don't know. 9. Do not be averse to agreeing with the opposing attorney, if his question calls for such a response. 10. Refuse to allow him to anger you. Remember that may be what he hopes to accomplish. If he docs, it is poor strategy to play into his hands; and, if he doesn't you mark yourself as a touchy, irate individual. 11. Do not endeavor to try the case yourself. Your attorney can do it better. 12. Do not give the appearance of trying to win the case. Thatalso is the attorney's job. 13. Be reasonable. 14. Direct your remarks not . to your questioner, but to the most important listener: the jury, the auditor, or the commissioner as the case may be. 15. Stick to your opinion -- if it is worth anything, it deserves your adher ence. Do not let yourself be jockeyed out of it. 16. Try to appear human and humane, and above all things, be honest, 28 Ultraviolet Burns of the Eye. Queries and Minor Notes. J.A.M.A., 119, 764 T June" 27", 1942). A method for treating workmen whose eyes have been burned by flashes of ultra violet light is described. The treatment has boon applied to several hundred cases of shipyard workers without a single failure. 689 Fitness, Fatigue and Recuperation -- Survey of Methods Used for Improving the Physical Pagformance of Man. F.A, Hellebrandt and P.V. Karpovich. War Medicine, 1, 745 (Chem. Abstracts). Ergogenic 4EI* can bo used to delay the onset of exhaustion, to hasten recuper ation or tS^ULL the avjareness of fatigue. The effect of carbohydrates, gelatin, vitamins, alkali, ammonium chloride, phosphates, sodium chloride, drugs and hormones are discussed. G90 Patch Test for Antimony. Queries and Minor Notes. J.A.M.A., 119, 764 (June 27, 1942). The handling of antimony and its compounds is an occasional cause for contact dermatitis. All workmen who arc exposed end all new applicants who .dll be exposed should be tested by the patch or contact method. Patch testing with a 2" antimony chloride solution on a clear spot on the arm or back is recommended. The patch is removed at the cud of 43 hours or sooner if a positive reaction is received. A control test should be made on someone not exposed to the metal, duluborger (Dermatologic Allergy, Springfield,. 111., C.C. Thomas, 1940, p.442) dates that a solution cf antimony chloride is not a primary irritant anw that it will'cause dermatitis only on those who are allergic to it. Kj v J u J /...........r! -.-'.'is ' ' `Lj and toluene 660 ; /;;no signaling ::r'ltU3 u ;;;t counting 673 671 r. r,<yj end vapors ration 674 669 ; ir.-ny c n tests 690 / nl.c Mcro determination 666 polarorrophic determin- ation 664 Arthritis skin bum 637 Benzene legislation 623 poisoning 622- 624 Bronchial asthma occurrence 649 Cadmium poisoning a? protection 684 Cancer carcinogenic agent 053- 654- 655 tar 652 experimental 656 Carbon dioxide fatality 614 Carbon monoxide compressors 643 Carbon tetrachloride fatality 625 hormonal reactions 626 Cement industry morbidity St mortality 538 Chromium injuries Cobalt 619 analysis 670 poisoning , r v.?iSOninr - ititis 616 612 dyos 635 orr/inic liquids 636 respirator * * *w .w 634 v - :u;.'itional 638- 639 toxicity 1 i --U'r'-t'v-r.o t- >.i city i; control 642 063 INDEX (July,1942) Diseases occupational Sv/oden 643 neural component 650- 651 Disinfectants a vaporizer 681 Dusts control food industry 675 determinations 672 dispersability 584 explosions coal 585 zinc 586 toxicity 668 Exhaust ventilation fan design 685 Fatipue a survey 689 Fire hazards protection 679 Hydrofluoric acid on skin 613 Hvdrogen sulphide antidote 608 Industrial Code (American Foundrymen*s Assoc, 630 Industrial Code (N.Y,) Foundries 677 stone crushing 676 Industrial health clothing 682 Industrial hygiene medical progress 641 progress report 686 state and local health departments 583 Lead absorption 592 azide poisoning 590 dental braces 591 drinking water 594 electrochemical analysis 661 immunity protection 596 intoxication 595 leucocytes 593 poisoning in children 597 prevention of poisoning 659 Lcrnl testimony 637 Liriit metal injuries * 600 Maracsium action 598 pneurnagrnnulcma 599 Manganese pneumonia 606 poisoning 607 Mercury pathology 604 protection 633 symptomatology 603 vapor effect 602 Metal fume fever 601 Methvl chloride poisoning 628 histology 627 Neuritis from poisoning 633 occupational 632 Nickel carbonyl pneumonias 605 Nitrogen oxides dangers 609 pulmonary edema 610 Pentachlorophenol spectropho tometri c analysis 667 Phenol determination in tissues 662 Phosphorus,toxicolosv &5 Pneumoconiosis bituminous coal 587 earth colors 645 enamel 646 Printing industry poisoning 647 Radium control 665 nervous system 620 poisoning as Selenium arsenic protection 644 Silicosis chemical examination 657 Sodium bicarbonate antidotal effects 640 Solvents poisoning 531 toxicity 630 Stvreno,inflamnabilitv 658 Totrvl poisoning 590 Trie hiret hvlene 629 Tuberculosis srutum tests 589 Ultraviolet light therapy C83 Va r*& d i iaa, toxi c o 1 o rv c21 V/cldin^ dangers 611 ventilation 678