Document ZJLa6mbXpOG59j5Ga55dKwRZp

.'y J. W. Eihaus [% ODiiKATE increases were once again regLi \_/ u istercd in total plant production of plas ticizers during 1963. The gain over 1962 was 6.3 percent. Since 1959, production of all plasticizers has increased 54% over-all. Every indication leads to the assumption that these increases will carry through in 1964. Total production (based on U. S. Tariff Commission figures) for the years 1959 through 1963 were as follows: Year Production 1000 lb. 1959 .................................................. 538,834 1960 .................................................... 602,135 1961 .................................................. 629,715 1962 .................................................. 780,940 1963 .................................................. 829,927 Total sales for 1962 were 665.9 million lb., valued at $16S million. In 1963, sales were 744.7 million lb., valued at $167 million, as reported by the U. S. Tariff Commission. Thus, the volume of plasticizers sold increased about 12%, but dollar sales deteriorated and registered a 1% decline. Apparently, one has to run very fast in the wonderland of plasticizers just to stay in place. With minor exceptions, this reduction can be at tributed to a decrease in the selling prices of both cyclic and acyclic plasticizers. The pricing attri tion in the plasticizer markets is of utmost con cern. because it is becoming more difficult to carry out research programs with little, if any, return on current products. Over the past five years, plasticizer production Monsanto Co., St. Txniis, Mo. has very closely paralleled vinyl resin production. From 1959 to 1963, plasticizer production in creased 54% compared with a 56% increase for vinyl resin. However, it is important to point out that in 1963 plasticizer production increased only ' 6.3%, while vjjfiyl resin moved ahead 16.2 per cent (sec graphs on p. 122). One explanation is the growing importance of rigid vinyl materials which reOjUirc little or no plasticizers. Although in future years rigid vinyls will probably increase at a faster rate than plasticized vinyls, plasticizer consumption will still be primarily dependent upon vinyl resin growth. In the discussion which follow's, plasticizers will be covered by chemical composition, since the Tariff Commission figures do not break them down by end use. It is impossible to tell just how much went into applications like jet lubricants or gasoline additives. Cyclic plasticizers Total cyclic plasticizer production increased 8.9%, from 571 million lb. in 1962 to 622 million lb. in 1963. Sales value decreased 6.8%, however, from $104 million in 1962 to $103 million in 1963. Cyclic plasticizers represent 75% of the total U. S. plasticizer output. Phthalates: Phthalic anhydride esters remain the largest group of plasticizers in total pounds pro duced and sold. They account -for 63% of the total plasticizers produced and 46% of their dollar sales. Di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate production increased very slightly, showing only a 2% gain. Poundage i j ,120-,.,.,^ DSW 587501 t. STLCOPCB4092837 r>i. -S'' v . : l; . : . c :: - .: i; i\~ ;' i; pc t;; c. a; its 7C'.y._ l-r.r acici esters, totci Vricresy! phosphate0 Vripheny! phosphate Cresyl diphenyl phosphate0 Tbilisila rnhydridsesters, total Euc-i dacyi phthalate Betv; octvl phthaiata Di(2-butoxye thyI) phthalate D:butyl phthalste D;ca?ryl phthalate Dicyclohexy! phthalate Diethyl phthalate snexy! phthalate -;S dlisodecy! phthalate -'r` Bi(2 meihoxyethyl) phthalate ; L-:metnyl phthalate Ditricecyl phthalate Eicctyi pi-.thalstes, tetai E.(2 etr.ythexyi) phthalate " Diiseectyl and mixed octyl phthalates .. i dsey! shtsalstes, total r.-cdv-'l n-decyi phthalate Isa- y! iso-decyl phthalate Ail otner Ali ether phthalic anhydride esters Trimeiiitic acid esters Ali other cylic plasticizcrsd 1959 3o 21 *^1- 19CD 02,135 Production 1000 lb. 1961 1962 629,715 7CG,S43 50,327 31,375 3,427 10,525 305,415 -- . --- 15,130 -- 6,683 16,128 -- 28,777 2,991 3,318 -- 152,702 106,575 46,127 20,456 10,291 4,727 5,448 54,825 32,485 9,465 12,874 344,741 4,752 13,190 -- 18,946 4,364 5,777 16,767 -- 35,538 3,855 3,386 582 170,220 123,396 46,824 16,343 10,067 6,276 _~ 46,992 24,637 9,393 12,956 375,511 4,783 15,997 -- 15,178 3,431 5,557 17,332 -- 48,345 -- 4,121 2,747 181,505 138,330 43,176 16,937 12,752 4,235 --- 53,585 27,451 10,435 15,700 469,995 3,011 17,833 -- 15,486 -- 16,142 1,533 62,680 3,927 4,562 4,393 234,883 171,037 63,851 17,475 15,415 2,060 -- 1963 829,927 ; -- 52,025 30,713 10,034 11,278 521,943 -- 17,903 557 18,183 -- 6,543 14,602 595 66,914 6,946 3,843 7,643 275,829 175,393 100,431 17,823 17,114 709 '-- 60,220 -- 51,021 60,527 --~-- 81,692 -- 84,562 882 46,372 45,178 50,078 46,837 1 .......... k 1963 1962 t/ib. tilb. 22 25 -; 29 31 35 36 27 25 16 19 -- 18 15 IS 32 -- 21 25 ---- 38 40 19 21 20 21 15 16 ---- 21 23 21 23 15 18 15 IS 15 20 18 21 13 21 16 19 19 23 44 -- 30 33 Ad' ::c acid cats, a, total Diissdecyi adipate D;(2-c.:'iy;hexyl) adipate Octyl-dccyi adipate asobutyi ad.pate complex adipic ac:d polyesters c.icoocty! adipate D.(2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl)adipate , .ii oiher 14,035 2,939 1,850 1,770 -- 3,068 3,561 -- 797 22,135 3,167 3,040 4,933 -- 4,794 4,233 -- 1,919 25,742 5,514 8,478 5,042 520 -- 4,565 -- 1,623 23,575 4,851 5,413 8,078 ---- 4,205 -- 1,028 23,255 7,920 6,032 _ 8,226 461 -- 3,957 493 1,156 29 30 26 29 33 -- 27 48 24 30 32 29 . 29 -- -- 30 -- 46 , a:alaic acid esters, total 8,078 7,295 7,335 13,090 16,254 30 34 Complex linear polyesters and polymeric plasticizers -- -- 16,474 33,731 35,740 42 42 Ep: slJizcd esters, tctal irooxicizcd soya oils Cetyl epoxy tallates >.ii other Liiouty! rosiest- . Glyceryl monoric.noleate -- -- -- -- -- 430 -- -- -- -- 5,519 298 15,887 -- -- -- 5,372 367 53,933 37,725 14,611 1,662 7,395 175 58,752 39,965 15,915 2,872 ,-- 237 29 32 29 32 28 31 43 36 -- ' 25 39 38 Ci; is acid asters, total _:tyl o!r .1..- Clycery! trioleate ..ethyl oleate .n-Prcpy! oleate All earner 7,309 2,101 -- 948 -- 4,260 6,219 1,822 -- 664 -- 3,733 8,939 1,827 -- 1,287 -- 5,825 6,073 2,022 1,618 -- 513 1,920 8,003 27 2,999 20 26 3,480 20 20 1,073 18 _ 451 20 fcl -- -- 36 sr imitic acid esters 2,904 -- -- "-- -- ---- Phosphoric acid esters Sesscic acid esters, total Dibst/I sebacate Di(2-ethylhexyi) sebacate All other 8,231 9,SS9 3,993 -- 5,976 9,481 13,781 3,596 9,178 1,007 10,623 11,500 3,499 7,434 567 -16,839 12,944 3,847 8,864 233 12,068 40 40 11,856 ,_ 56 4,276 63 64 7,580 57 53 -- -- 82 Ste'.ric acid esters, tots! n-sutyl stearate Ali other 14,792 4,118 10,674 12,u83 3,501 8,787 7,365 3,150 4,216 6,371 3,003 3,368 6,614 24 25 2,731 24 25 3,883 24 24 Triethylene glycol di(capiylatecapraie) * All other acyclic plasticizerse 2,688 67,284 2,009 78,365 2,223 44,306 2,601 ' 33,138 2,022 28,439 32 33 36 37 c--Does not include data for clearly defined extenders or secondary plasticizers. 1963 production totals are preliminary, b--Calculated from rounded figures, c--Includes material produced for use as motor-fuel additive, d--Includes data for toluenesulfonamides, tetrahydrofurfuryl oleatc. and other cyclic plasticizers, e--Includes data for.citric and acetvlcitric. oalmitic. oleic, ricinoieir -sehacir and tr*srir .... .. S W 587502 STLCOPCB4092838 .3. ^reduction arsci saJes of plasticisers3 soo 0 : 7C0 g 600 500 : ,i 00 ^ a i_- '5| '59 '60 '61 '62 '63 a-rSource: U.S. Tariff Comm. 1963 figures are preliminary. Grov/th of vinyl resin, PVC, anc! plasticizer production3 iuuJ . 1700 '. '` 1500 i ! i. i> 1 All vinyl ' ' 1300 a c .=2 unn * ^ 1 ii . /.y . .. j PVC j 1!____ . !. 'i I '1 !! 1 .( _ `1 ; ' onn / v. 7nn - ' . i I! i j ! 500 v ' 'A i i - I' . . 11 j Pla, sticizerjL r"" i ,.v " . i. r: : 3 -* "` j i V' i 1 ' - '58 '60 '6 '62 '63 a--Source: U.S. Tariff Comm. 1963 figures are preliminary. sold increased 17%, but dollar sales decreased 5 percent. Diisooctyl phtlialate and the mixed octyl phthalatcs came through with a major 57 % gain in production and a 21% increase in dollar sales. This increase reflects the greater acceptance of the isooclyl material during the past year. Diisodecyl phthalale registered a 6.7% increase in production from 63 million lb. to 67 million lb., but it registered a 1 % decrease in poundage sold and a 6% decrease in the dollar value of sales. This probably indicates that more D1DP is being used in captive operations by wire com pound suppliers. Production of its companion product in electrical wire compounds, ditrideeyl phihalate, increased 74% from 4.4 million to 7.6 million lb., and registered a 46% gain in pound age sold and 37% in dollar sales. Ditrideeyl phihalate continues to gain broader acceptance in high-temperature wire and cable compounds. The "all other" category increased slightly in production (3.5%) and more so in poundage sales (21%). In terms of dollar value of sales, ibis group just about held its own, showings an in crease of 0.1 percent. All other phthaiates reported by the Tarifl Commission showed minor fluctuation with the exception of dififcxyl phthalate. DHP production fell 61% and dropped 35% in sales. Phosphates: Phosphate esters represent the sec ond major croup in production and sales when c\cl:c and ac\cnc coaTavd 1 las g:da:' ac :oi ^ Cl lir13 COti'd PlO'J'CvW! and 16% of total sales. It is interesting to note that, for the past two years, the cyclic phosphates have increased in all categories, while the acyclic phosphates have declined. Phosphoric acid esters showed across-the-board . decreases in production, sales, and dollar value. Production of both cyclic and acyclic decreased 9%; cyclic dropped 3% and acyclic 29 percent. Sales decreased 5 percent. Total dollar value of sales decreased 7 percent. Tricresyl phosphate continues to hold the lead over all the rest of the phosphate esters with pro duction increasing 12% and sales increasing IS percent. The dollar value of sales went up 11 percent. Cresyl diphenyl phosphate production decreased 28 percent. Both sales and dollar value of sales were down also. This undoubtedly is due to the fact that cresyl diphenyl has partially lost its position as a gasoline additive. Triphenyl phosphate remained 'practically con stant with a 4% decrease in production and a 1 % decrease in sales. There was no change in dollar value. Major decreases in acyclic phosphate esters DSW 587503 : : j STLCOPCB4092839 were reported in the new Tariff Commission fig ures. Trioctyl phosphate and tributoxy ethyl phosphate make up the bulk of this category. Acyclic plasticizers Total acyclic plasticizer production decreased 1 % from 210 million lb. in 1962 to 208 million lb. in 1963. Sales in pounds increased about 4% while dollar value of sales remained nearly con stant. Acyclic plasticizers consist of the low tem perature diesters, permanent plasticizers, epoxy plasticizers, and some miscellaneous groupings. These represent 25% of the total plasticizers produced. Adipates: The largest percentage of low temper ature diestcr production belongs to adipic acid esters with 3% of total U. S. plasticizers pro duced. Adipates in 1963 jumped over 1962 by 20% in production, 7% in sales, and 2% in sales dollars. The biggest increase was shown for diisodecyl adipate, which increased from 4.8 mil lion lb. to 7.8 million lb., representing a 63% gain in production. Sales in pounds and dollars increased 25 and 22% respectively. Di (2-ethyl hexyl) adipate increased 11% in production but decreased 1% in sales dollars. This reflects the lower selling price of DOA, which has gone down from a unit value of 18p in 1962 to 15p in 1963. The mixed octyl decyl adipates containing both normal and iso alcohols increased 2% in produc tion and 7 to 8% in sales dollars. Azelates: Among all the low temperature dies ters, azelaic acid esters showed the biggest in crease over 1962. Production jumped 24%, from 13 million to 16 million pounds. Sales showed a gain of 34%; dollar value of sales itself enjoyed a 22% increase. Sebaca'es: Sebacic acid esters showed a drop in production in 1963. They went from 13 mil lion lb. in 1962 to 12 million lb. in 1963. Permanents: Permanent plasticizers include high-molecular-weight polyester products as well as lower-molecular-weight products which are lower in cost and permanence than the polymeries. The reporting by the Tariff Commission on these plasticizers was changed in 1962, resulting in a much more realistic production figure than for 1961. The growth from 1962 to 1963 has been about the same as that over the past several -years. Production increased 6%, sales volume grew 13%, and sales value 8 percent. The current growth rate will most likely con tinue as new products are developed with price/ performance characteristics which make them better suited to replace the less permanent monomeric plasticizers. Significant (To page 196) Pilasticized polyvinyl chloride end-use applications ( % or the total PVC market) Application 1960 1961 1952 1963 Wire insulation 16 16 15 15 Molding and extrusion 16 17 19 19 Miscellaneous 15 13 15 15 Flooring 19 21 21 21 Paper and textile coatings 7 7 8 10 Film and sheeting 27 26 22 20 Phthalates Phosphates Permanents : Low temperatm-e diesters Adipates Azelatjfe Seba cates Epoxies All others Total 1958 227,000,000'" 49,000,000 30.000.000 23.000.000 30.000.000 59.000.000 418,000,000 196: 522,000,000 64,000,000 52.000.000 56.000.000 59.000.000 77.000.000 830,000,000 By percentage 1958 Phosphates v \ Low temp. \ diesters By percentage 1963 Phthalates/ : rLow temp./ .diesters | r Epoxies \ Permanent All others DSW 587504 j I ! ; i li ! Ii i I i EPTEMMR 4 - STLCOPCB4092840 GaTTO CAi-S TAILOS-TO-FIT Pi AUCJTi'Cl/VMTlMi UjCi.rU-Mi i i!.ri.h'Ani''i"1~i i.l?uAIf ti rU, \YjrU\uUniv *c/i^--rCr_tiin:Lr n; ' ;m< tS REu Pia^llicizers (From page 123) developments have already been made in permanent plasticizers. Newer, lower-cost products arc beginning to be used in greater GATTO MACHiHEEY BEVELC-?- .iiLiii C0iiPuAA;juprov.qss equipment and services exclu sively tor the Plastic Extrusion Industry. Over the years GATTO has de signed, manufccln'od and in stalled allied extrusion jobmatched ccmponenrs, mar on the whole, have bean tailormade for indrvicual piani use. quantities. These products gener ally arc easier to process and have faster fusing characteristics. Their degree of permanence is usually related to price. The less the per manence of the plasticizer, the lower the cost The cost/performance proper ties of these plasticizers, however, o CAT-A-PUL'ER TAKE-OrF MACHINES Jam-trea. pat. pend.) c CAT-A-CUTTZR PREYS.ON ROTARY Culi L.rS o DlFFEaZHTiAL PALETTE SIZERS iraers; have encouraged their growing use in many applications, particularly where permanence cannot be ob tained with monomeric plasticizers and where permanence require ments are not sufficiently severe to require use of the more costly poly meries. Epoxies: Epoxies maintained a ~- - '/ HV .-/A/ ' . ANOTHER GATTO' WRITE OR CALL: JOB-MATCHED COMPONENT T4 P GATTO MACHINERY DEVELOPMENT CORPG^TION 7% share of total plasticizer pro duction, increasing from 54 million to 58.S million lb. in 1963. This represents a 9% increas'd in pro duction. Sales volume increased 77 Florida Street, Farmingdale, L. I., New York o 516 MY 4-4741 IfKA, hut sales value only 1%, Nah'ono! Representative: The Reinvllle Co., Inc. again indicating the problem of ,-jiricc deterioration. A Epoxidized soya oils maintained : a ft AI their position as the major epoxy produced. They represented ,70% of all epoxies in 1962 and de clined only slightly to 6S% in 1963. Their production increased 6% from 37.7 million in 1962 to 40 (\s;x-T--Vtvf rivftnw-^;Lp.iL^\ million lb. in 1963. Tncir sales volume grew' 12% over that same ; period, while sales value followed I the trend and actually showed only Ji.-.VvVuV 0 r " ` I ^: " At / a 1 % growth. ; Epoxy tallatcs declined 4% in j sales volume and 14% in sales rX 0 ^ I'CEalAstie wst ; value. Production was up about 9%, however. Formulators may be moving more towards the use of low temperature dicsters along This machine, supplied either with ` J .v-""" micrometer screw or hydraulic adjustments, has positive indicator stops, and roll concentricity of .0001 on 3-4 with epoxidized soya oil for heat stability instead of employing the epoxy tallates for this purpose. microir.:,) face chrome rolls over chilled iron cores. Although precision Grovsth potential manufactured, it has kept the users' cost in mind. Nowhere can you buy a machine of this quality for so low a cost. The major growth areas will cer tainly come from vinyl applica tions even though, as previously stated, more and more rigid PVC Write, wire or phone today for complete details! is expected to be used. Of the major end uses for polyvinyl chlo \ i f' ~ --i r>< _UaJ5 :.5 ride molding and extrusion, floor covering and Coatings hold out /M J M i i- : * !|J S', 1*1; l' 4`.V- ?V - t prospects for the greatest produc- ! DSW 587505 jw mm MODERN PLASTICS STLCOPCB4092841 . ' I?'..'. . ' Kensol Presses are manufactured in five popular pressure ranges-. Va ton, 1V2 ton, 3 ton, 4 ton, and 6 ion. Equipment is available to meet any production requirements from hand-fed, hand-operated to full automatic. Compressed air-operation, ad justable electric dweli-timer, ther mostatic heat control, and rugged construction are a few cf the fea tures which assure quality marking. OLSENMARK ROLL LEAF Fine- urn,.wm quality, economically priced roll leaf in genuine gold, high luster imitation gold and silver, and both flat and Enamel pigment coiors. i-- tion aim sales growth over the next several years. The table on p. 123 indicates that certain applications have not j grown as rapidly as others. Film ~> A-V.a `\ - < and sheeting continues to maintain the top spot as the largest user ot PVC, even though its percentage VK -: of the total has changed. This is true also of the wire and cable in dustry, where use continues to grow but at a smaller percentage than the flooring, paper, and tex tile applications. " ^ \ - " ^7 i cV i_/ ` /' `-s __ ...J` Polyvinyl chloride is expected to grow approximately 7.5 to ST per | ytheisarvoolvuemr et,heplansetixctizefedwvi.nyeyal rsa.ppO.l.if cations should increase at least 6T TfFTMCT'r A ^ O' 4 and 6 Ton Air-Operated Roll Leaf Stamping Press per year. The ditference will be in rigid vinyl applications which wili have a slow growth over the next few years, but should then really start to boom. ' '" i The growth of flexible vinyl de ` -------- -------------------1 pends on satisfying the consumer's need for highly styled products. kVf i - - . Ti . . ; The resilient flooring industry has already recognized this "iTcsire as evidenced by the many patterns and -designs that arc available. , | Expanded vinyl applications con tinue to show good growth rates. THere, too, styling has played an important role. The automobile industry and furniture manufac turers will probably increase their use of expanded vinyl for uphol stery. The material is also finding good acceptance as a floor cover ing material. It has been estimated that the total domestic market for expanded vinyl applications is al ready in excess of 50 million yards per year. Technological advancements will be the cause of even greater uses of vinyl. New applications being i developed could possibly be based on such chemicals as reactive plas ticizers. We can also expect to sec more and better extraction-resistant products that will be more perma nent to active solvents. Another area that will definitely show ac celerated growth is protective coat ings, via fiuidized-bed organosol spray coating techniques. The development and expansion of all new plasticized vinyl appli cations insures a continued growth rate for plasticizers, and thereby provides all industries with a chal lenge to - aggressively pursue .every new idea and concept.--End i i i i i DSW 587506 MODERN PLASTICS 1 L STLCOPCB4092842