Document ZJJaypgBN4G73Vq1aB5QE2qm8

ftC^rr H 1071 . <XNGHQ1 RECORD --HOUSE XA lAWtl ' nd unlveralUn In U>1> . ''' ^"nrotmu* -- U-aia Wllnsual- - ..!.*** to pminn Uum for ' JwS * fcMnulwjxmttii* ""Xtwmrnw "l>oat. ' ,,<KdtooUiL,oltortand1 ' . 2j,K, Mid I would into at tbl* .'JeintliolUteoinareeentiir. ' V uii Austin paper dctorlblns tti. nMuf' *-- *amm ' ' pfUKOOttoTUCMW |Of UMIO TWIor) f 4*nW il U. Umrti Uai'fllllM MJ> IlM tnt NttNltr of 'J of program--one that can bo ' ''biV'ih/ihfWifBfirdya- re-n sou*g*s sad um^Ve^Muea of outer uorie Andre . >nttSAU eareUed this fsu lu St. , . -ui-blsaltuni tsachsr education -------- --- . The senior year win Invrtve student teach ing in Mcatce"-ft"-- PCS*: POISON BY THE POUND TWaA asEed 6hd"Wto given per' mljiftlon to extend hit jmmito at **} point in the Rxcona and to rneiude tranooua matter.) Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, scientific re- dancerin? Jr food supply and threat ring our imilh. The aeriouKioOM ol tbit situation, coupled with the disclosure of auuiuonai occurrences of PCB-contamlnaUon and evidence of increfwinn PCB-lovci* in the environment, brought about, major pub lico recognition of the severity of the PCS menace and the need to control this deadly chemical. Yet, It was not until November 30, 1P71, that the Monsanto Co. Anally mads public a summary of ita domestic pro duction and sales figures for PCB's since 1060, revealing the startling fact that over 700 million pounds of this dan gerous produot have been manufactured jIn utiulls country since l1o0o6p0.. This figure is ^ the more slarrgcrinr when one rcal- isos that PCB-eontamlnatlon Is mco*m million. MS tMCh h" Nearly revealed the growing ironically, Monsanto's stated reason ^Mjih^peaking ehUdrea la eie- presence of S highly toxic, extremely per- {or releasing these statistics publicly Is: *** qy?!'..-. at bmi schools which sistent industrial chemical In our cnyi- scisnttsu have eonuausd to expram a acre * fffi woSd^lauguTgo.-wid renment: polyohlortnotod biphenyl-- f-or t.h..e.....d..a..t.a....t.o....m....t.k* a proper estimate of- ,, utMAMHe, is that epAuun should PCS. However, some question still re- how much PCS might ho la the environment. 'ddt uattt ths ehUd is able to spena ' i't sregwuo is based on tbs hslisf ths mains as to Ute full eKtent and impact of this contamination. In order to assist them. It Is essential that researchers That is precisely the reason behind my requests for this information throughout these past 20 months--re- i} sWs e function la both Spanish t 'tub. he eoiutuues to leara la both . ` * ^h^..rt^T'LWS!ul* 22 . but atcMituiai M wou. She sold, and tneir uses. __ must bo noted, however, that, al On April 9,1970,1 publicly called upon though the data disclosed by Monsanto Is the Monsanto Co.--the sole domestic needed, to fully evaluate the PCB sltua- Producer of PCBa-to release the pro- Uon a mueh roore detailed breakdown m ductlon and sales figures for this ehem- to uses and products is essential. If Mcn- ' . ------ ao win function in sueh ; mtM re spseuuiy trained. They aMt ie tsseh-la Spanish ns well m .,4111 they must have an understand | tst tenure of ths Mextean-Amcnean , > ** ** ***** ** that of the *or well year slnco 1940. My reason for this request was dear. As I wrote In a letter to Monsanto: These figures are necessary so that oetentist* cap determine tn extent to which pcb* am getting into the environment. ganto is to fulfill 1U obligations to the public. It must release a complete list of all present and past uses of PCB's as well the names of all products containing pen's, their manufacturers, and their quantity. Further, Monsanto must, to the '. L titr| Andre sold' the isfti Biun- Monsanto, however, was totally unre- beat of inability, make public tho dispo- ( , ,'usestiea Act gutrantoea "every ehUd sponstve to my request and apparently dtlon of fluids and other products sen , < r.'fu w Ss laMrueted la his home ion- uunnmmoovveedd bbyy tthhee td_o_c_u_m_ ent,,ed .h..a...s..a..r.d...s...of talnlng PCB s after their usefulness has ia school. PCBs. Zn fact, John Mason, writing on expired. n rrtae there ore shout tso.ooo Mexioan, .*.riS childrsn who need to bsnofit by . j :mtttUMdiotsly. she sold, fihs sold these : .i aoirea whose dominant language is wu soft who need three yean of lan ; . < tsitrueuen in English in order to j 'tbMS to team in English. behalf of Monsanto on April aa, 1970, cas ually dismissed tho environmental dan gers with ths following statement: It should bo tmpbaMosd that tho apparent POE problem relates only to tho possible of* foots on some species of birds ,.. (reoeoMbl I Include In the Rzcoxb Monsanto's press release of November 30, 1971, set ting forth a summary of its production figures since 1960.1 also Include an arti cle from the December 13 Chemical fa Engineering News detailing the efforts to ' *101111 btUagual umuung tho first throe tndloato(s) that there is no threat to tho Investigate further the effects of FCB's ' in sestod. MWc need 10,000 teachsrs to public hooith. | in the environment. i ' nic feribis first group of ohttdroa,M oho ! fc`.rtusnsedeaeother 10^00 teaohsri to pro > Ut ea sddlttoaal ftSO^WO Mcsicaa-Amor- 1 * rktldpsa who may havo *r--"h sur >iwi aod may handle English adsquaUiy ' .tahnnadcr the law, have a right so learn tbeb own language aud oulture, she Unfortunately, that is not, nor has ever been, the ease. The potential threat of this chemical has been well evidenced by sdentiflo findings and revelations of madsive contamination of meat, fish, poultry, and dairy products. Thus, on Juno M. 1970.1 again wrote The material follows: Monsanto Rxlxaks POE Ptoeocnow ncenza to Diruntun or Oommsscx Wasmmstow, DC, NovsMom so.--Moncanto Company announeod today it has ralooaod figures to tho United States Depart ment of oonuneroe showing tho company's VM. production end soles of polychlorinated u MMttloa to gsuorol ooursse leading to a 'Mendegree and ttocher eertlfication for msmtary school levN, oouroco la the J>h.psrehfliogy and sociology of tho Mu* vAiMrtaaa sulture ore required under tVMudeate alee must develop profleleney ^ ermeh In order to'uath In Spanish, to 1 uren negusge learning problems, and to '<umo itsu&n1 ---- Vh (hehelp ofteSliw Whooior, dlrsoMr ^Msstsiy sdssatlon at fit. Eds, most of "Muasnte were plsood in elementary elate ' altb lores numbsn of Mosloan-Amor* -isiftIMjfn. tibestudente worked sc teacher to Monsanto, reiterating ray call for public disclosure of all sales and produc tion data, emphasising the extreme dan ger posed by PCS'*. Again, Monsanto denied my request, assuring me In a letter of June SO, 1970, that-- Monsanto Is inking on extremely respon sible attitude to this problem and Is doing everything within Its power to insure a maximum degree of control fa prevent the possibility of the (FC9J ssiwptng lure tho environment. Pre__c_is_ely l year after that assurance. qmnUUo. of FCT._TO grtffjnit Mphonyl (FOB) from 1000 through estimated mi. . Closed-system electrical usee ranged from 11.000 tons per year to 20,000 tons per year during tho period. Tba report else shows Monmnto voluntarily reduced Its nonelectrical sales of PCD fr*m tho high of ie.000 tons in 1070 to t.400 ton* In 1071. Substantial further reduction win bo oooompltohed In 1073. th company said. C. P. Cunningham, managing director of Monmnto Industrial Chemicals Co., an op erating unit of Monsanto, sold. -As port of our control program, the data wore origIwnolly nprmepar.enddfaMr mthemre--drewmPCDhJowint> *W tbs three tears of actual contact with 2* .. t1** of nshraenl m Nerttl use on a confidential hocla so seiciituts 4 IbMtB-Amtirier.n child and his oulture. Carolina. As a directresult Of that loci- can property evaluate tho figures and relate Sr. BBssiir som au usteentsaWiar wte dent, thousands upon Uiouoands of them m to impact on the environment." II***1 birited to return nsxt ssmsaur to poultry, eggs, fish, and oth- er food prod Monmnto hoc new chcecn to mease the ft^Mbstis. Thoprogram is new spreaied in ucts were severely contaminated, ea- .figures publicly "bemuse satonUat* have HONS 031353 II12694* " ' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE Deember j nUnusd to npim a mod for tho data novor beau conclusively proved. Other such Rlsebrough notes have shown ... l make t proper MUmu of how muh links that oro tho subject of continuing in- ohlcken *ggs Injoetsd with ent' ,< t. PCB might too in tho environment. Wo also vestlgntion Include those between hormone* benxofurnns, a PCD eon*.aralr..r t . Mim tho flgum win inform tho public and homosexuality, viruses and cancer, and similarly deformed chicks. Mo:-. - s , obout Moiwutto't pwlUn actions to tlmit PCU's and birth defect*. ever, says tnat OB.-mauc pen t o ru>i tho sale of PCIJ to confined applications," raunsiTNT tain that contaminant. tho eoni|Htny executive said. "Now that Uio flrTurco oro public Infor mation," Cunningham added, "wo oro con fident both the scientific community and the public press will Interpret tho Onto properly. The** ere production ard Miles figure* only. It ahoutd be clearly undevetood thnt nil thle material U not In the environ ment. "For exAmple." Cunningham anid, "over 09 par eent of all aatee In tha past 19 years have been tor closed-system electrical \u. It would be a completely falae and irrespon sible eonoiuaion to say all PCB produced la In tha environment. Much of tha matarial la atlll contained In sealed electrical equip ment where it note aa a Ars-mlitant safety fluid, protesting human Uvea and property from the danger of Are and explosion/* PCD'e have been known for nearly a cen tury. and have been used extensively sine* the 1090's. Chemically. PCB Is a generic term covering a family of partially or wholly ohiorlnatod isomers of biphenyl: commercial PCB's (43 to 00% chlorine) may oontain as many aa 90 different detectable isomers. Fur thermore, PCB is a colorless, highly viscous fluid tbat*can withstand temperatures up to 090' P. without dogradatlon. don not con duct clcotrlclty. and Is resistant to fire. Such properties make PCB an Ideal fluid for heat exchangers and electrical equipment such as transformers. These properties also make the more highly chlorinated PCB's very rsttstaut to dogradatlon In tha environment, so that tholr persistence is similar to that of DDT. Monsanto Co. is the only 0.8. producer of oxrsxva Dr. nixebrough hm alto coi)ab*rafM,. Paul ft. gpi'jwr of Com-u University :** >tamine ospreys inhabiting the Long |,, . Sound arc*. Their results, dliclssrt month. Indleate that '.he otpreyi mw more contaminated than any other *:: , in North America. They found that !tr'. both viable and overdue osprey *cr* oh*: from the shore or the sound bars peg :* . varying from 849 to 3270 ppm. Another Cornell worker, Or. Djn-rt ; Peaknll, haa found strong evident* t>t ra mosomnl damage in ring dove* fed ff-t * tnlnlng lo p.p.m. PCS. His preliminvy suit*. *nt to th* Bnvtrenmental Prev* Agency in September, Indicate thv , hatchings from ths first generation rl * were normal. When the hatched 4om. Cunningham concluded, "Monsanto con PCB. although PCB's are also mads in Ja mated, however, only 20% of the * tinue* tt program to control the uses and pan. Europe. and the U.3.8.R. Monsanto, survived. Dr. Psaknil is continuing hit <. prevent tho relearn of PCS Into the environ however. Is the only company that has re In an effort to find why the damage a s. ment. To date, are have out off all sales to ' leased production figure#, since 1900, the tested only tn the third generattaa. paint*, plastloiasrs, sealants, adhesives and all other opon-eystom uses. We are resolving uasd MB from customers for ragvnaratlon or safe disposal. And we are engaged in an all-out ressareh effort to develop less per sistent forme of Pen or suitable products whleh retain tha fir* safety features of PCB. We sail on other producers, worldwide, to join In this effort.'* ' M00UCTI0N AND SAlfS FOlVCHlOMNATCO 0IMKNVU (Kl) MONSANTO INDUSTinAt CNCMICAU CO. (I* SkSfttMlf firm has mad* some 383.000 tons of PCB. . rtxM with output reaching a maximum of 49.900 ton* In 1070 (OftBN, Dec. 6, page 16). About 90% of that output haa besn for closed-sys* tom'uses and much of ths remainder has bssit either recycled or eaftiy destroyed. Nonetheless, a certain amount haa appar ently boon allowed to enter the environment where contamination continue* to be de tected. OOMVAlSlWATIOir Monsanto, meanwhne. eontlnuM ta *. ' firm behind It* ont*ntlon that thrrr : **wl*ntlfle data that Indleate poijrehiwr biphenyls may eaua* birth dsfsett.* A t pony spokesman indicates that ..:* ha* epoaeored several feeding us:* : teratogenicity study, all *f which In: only minimal effects from PCB*i. I'.-.'.* food containing 100 p.pm PCS, for rv showed only slightly tase*ssed ilw . Last month, for example. Dr. Cltorge R. after It months. Dogs fed a nmtt.if Harvey of Wood* Hole Oceanographic insti xhibiud a tendency not to gala *r.r tution revealed that PCB at levels ranging well a* expeetsd. Chlskens. however. *.* from l to 100 p.p.b. have been found in served to exhibit leas of wsf-kt, thin: ItfctHtd UJ. nearly all animal and plant specie* from tha Atlantia Oman. Levels aa high aa 1.0 p.p.m. eggshells, and deereased hatchabW? * * although no embryonic dsfonuiuti ware found in oooplankton. Dr. Harvey says, observed. but corresponding PCB levels were not found Clearly the PCB Ale Isn't sleird. liw.' In fish that feed on the sooplankton. withdrawal of PCB from the market ? * Alw last month. Rep. Gilbert Qud* (R.- where ond products enn't fc* eenirr:>' iia <*-*>- Md.) disclosed that the Maryland Depart reduce the amount of PCB catmnr " ment of Natural Resources has found PCB vlronment. But until a ttuiw-t"' ' ' at levels as high aa 0.9 p.p.m. In soft-ahsited tlonshlp between PCB's asd birth c* ' ` clams taken from the Chesapeake Bay. Thla definitely be proved or disproved. cf level la well below ths Pood and Drug Ad will surround any use of PCB at ail. ministration's guideline of 6 p.p.m. PCB in flah and poultry. Rap. Qud# points out. how ever. that tho elama were contaminated with other chemical*, mostly pesticides, and It Is not known whethor combinatorial or oynerglatlo effect* can occur. Maryland it THE ELEVENTH ANNUAL V. SIDE COMMUNITY CONPTW: CITIES IN THE SEVENTHS currently beginning'a study to determine it (Mr. RYAN asked and wax other specie* in the bay contain PCB. mlaaton to extend hit remark* ,: tfrem Chemical a engineering Newt, Dae. 19.19TII OONWorwit Coimwmts Ovsa roll Widespread haadUnoa warn generated earlier this year when 50,000 turkey* In Minnesota, aa many a* 00,000 chickens la North Carolina, and tan* of thousand* or egg* at various locations wsrs destroyed after they wsrs found to be contaminated with The November issue of Natural H(ttory magAkin* described a three-year study of birth defeats among terns on Oreat Oull Is land In Long Island Sound. On* specimen found on the Island, a feur-ltgged chick that Heed for three days after hatching. Tha authors, Helen Kay* of the American Museum of Natumi History. New York City, and Dr. Robert W. Rlsobrough of the uni versity of California's Bodega Marin* Labora point in the Rrcono and to Ir*- ; ' tranoous matter.) Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, per; greatest domestic problem Nation In the decade ahead i> ' ' lem of the city--the quality, fa;. conflicts of urban life. Early thle year, leading ur'>--' from throughout the Nation ." polychlorinated biphenyls (BCD's). Similar headlines have aeeompanlod other finding* that Indicate that PCB's arc extensively dis tributed tn the environment. PCB's have besn found In 0.1. and foreign water*, In ooo- plankton In tho ocean, in many species of flah. and In a variety of wild fowl. But even tory, Bodega Bay. say they also found birds with no flight feathers, with twisted mandi bles. and with stuntsd extremities. The two workers attribute the high Incidence of de formities to pollution in the sound. Dr. Rlsebrough any* the median concen tration of the pesticide DDB In the flesh of nil concerned citizens of the V/' ' Manhattan and of New Vor't C." cum major Imucs facing our c.v decade. More than 40 nuthorit!^ ua ns pancliJti arid "diJC though high concentration* of PCD hsvo torne whs a.i p.p.m.--about the same level the annual West 5Ldf Ccr. v bath associated with various birth defects In found In other wild bird*, and sumeient to ferenco sponsored by m birds and In animals, a deiimte eauae-eircst relationship has never boon established. Biological eause-elfeot relationships are. of sours*. Inherently difficult to establish. The most obvious example Involves cigarettes and oancar: That a link exists between smok ing ond cancer haa been recogtiiacd for some account for tho observed thinning of writahatls, The concentration of PCD in tho fin'll of ths birds, however, ranged from 5 p.p.m, to. 175 p.p.m. Dcftptte these hitrh levels, he points out. no cniiae-efTcct* relationship be tween PCB levels and birth defect* hat been established for ths torn*. Democratic and liberal f'Weat Side. The annual conference* ` cflort to bring kubstant:-* , community for dlsciiwiweach year In cur pre-*rr~ time, but that smoking causes cancer has Laboratory test* In the Netherlands, Dr. presented In the belief t;:ai - HONS 031354