Document ZJB6mzD7awOw2723xXYak02w0
Prepared by staff of
BUREAU OF MIN
N49792
652
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1967
indicates a $26.9 million drop in com
parison with that of 1966.
.
The expansion program increasing ca
pacity at the Herculaneum, Mo., smelter
of St. Joseph Lead Co. to over 200,000
tons of refined lead annually, was com
pleted early in 1967 after a conversion
shutdown period begun in December
1966. Herculaneum production from com
pany concentrates in 1967 totaled 120,207
tons of'lead metal in comparison with
90,729 tons in 1966. Output curtailed by
equipment adjustments approached capac
ity during the closing months of the year
Operations at the I ooelc, Utah,
smeller of International Smelting & Re
fining Co. were suspended on May lfi
in the wake of an explosion in the air
blower system, without employee injury,
which necessitated extensive repairs prior
to resumption of operations in late June.
The 50th anniversary of the blowing
in of the Bunker Hill lead smeller was
observed in July. In the period, starting
July 5, 1917, the plant has produced over
3.3 million tons of lead and 368 million
ounces of silver. The modernization and
expansion program continued at the
smelter with installation of a downdraft
Secondary lead in 1967 represented 59 percent of the domestic production of lead from all materials and 43 percent of total
supply including metal imports for con sumption. This compares with 56 per cent and 44 percent, respectively, in 1966.
Raw Material Source.-- The - domestic component of smelter feed reversed the upward trend of recent years and rep resented 68 percent of the 389,000 tons of primary metal in comparison with 72 percent of the 451,900 tons in 1966./ Im ported ores and bullion supplied 125,000 t/ins of metal. The smelling of scrap at primary plants continued to decrease from the high of 1965 and in 1967 contributed only 10,300 tons, principally as antimonial lead. Raw materials and material in process at primary plants at the beginning of the year totaled 136,200 tons, lead content, of which 9-1,900 tons was primary and sec ondary materials for smelting and 41,300 tons was -in the process of smelting and re fining. Stocks of materials were gradually built up to a high of 164,900 tons at the end of October and then drawn down to end the year at 150,300 tons, of which
105,000 tons was available for smelting and 45,300 tons was in the process of
sintering machine and exhaust gas system underway to eliminate air pollution and increase sulfuric acid plant output.
Secondary lead output decreased about 19,100 tons to 553,800 tons from the high level of 1966. Primary plants reported an output of only 10,300 tons of secondarylead in comparison with 19,800 tons in 1966. The major demand continued in antimonial lead with a record output of 288,700 tons, 52 percent of the total secondary. The major decline was in other lead alloys, which decreased from 23 per cent of the total in 1966 to 21 percent. Soft lead output continued at about the same level undoubtedly reflecting some demand resulting from the decreased domestic primary output of refined lead.
smelting Consumption of scrap materials'during
the year was 726,300 tons, gross weight, in comparison with 741,OOf) tons in 1966 and 748,300 tons in 1965. Receipts of scrap at consuming plants were essentially in balance with consumption, with stocks ranging from 52,800 tons at the beginning of the year to lows of 47,200 tons in March and September, and ending the year at 58,000 tons. Battery plates supplied 73 percent of the old scrap consumed in comparison w-ith 70 percent in 1966, and drosses and residues from manufacturing and foundry sources accounted for all of the new scrap processed amounting to
101,100 tons in comparison with 112,000
tons in 1966.
CONSUMPTION AND USES
Consumption of lead declined in 1967 after five successive years of growth cul minating in the record high of 1.32 million tons in 1966. Total consumption of 1.26 million tons in 1967 represented a decrease of 63.JOO tons or 4.8 percent. Industry requirements again exceeded 100,000 tons monthly except for February and the vacation month of July- Consumption in
each month except January and April, however, was well below- that of the cor responding month in 1966. The daily aver age was 3,453 tons in comparison with the 3,627-ton average in 1966. The decrease in consumption w-as distributed over all types of lead--soft lead, antimonial lead, and lead alloys--and over all product categories except chemicals. The two
LEAD
major uses of lead -- batteries and gasoline antiknock compounds--held up well, how ever, with battery requirements down only 5,800 tons (I percent) and antiknock compounds slightly increased. These two major end products required almost 57 percent of the total lead consumed and ammunition moved into third place in 1967 supplanting red lead and litharge.
The requirements for ammunition have increased 29,000 tons since 1963, in fluenced by increased military needs as well as the use of sporting ammunition. I he relatively unchanged requirements for collapsible tubes, foil, plumbing, white lead, and pigments was noteworthy. A significantly lower consumption in calking lead accelerated the downward trend in this use area and solder requirements, after a slight gain in 1966, were much lower in 1967. The use of lead in red lead arid litharge, after an abnormally high level in 1966, decreased to approxi mately the level existing in 1964-65 and requirements for type metal and lerne metal continued to decline.
The manufacture of storage batteries, the largest use of lead, consumed 245,200 toils of soft lead and 221,500 tons of lead in antimonial lead in comparison with 237.400 tons of soft lead and 234,600 tons of antimonial lead in 1966. Batteries are of two categories--starting-lighting-igni tion (S.L.I.) batteries used in conjunc tion with internal combustion engines and the industrial batteries used for power, lighting, and communications. Industrial batteries over the past 8 years have re quired from 10 to 12 percent of the total lead used in batteries. Shipments of S.L.I. batteries both for original equipment and replacement, totaled 41.5 million units in 1967 in comparison with 43 million units in 1966. Shipments of replacement batter ies, only slightly below the 1966 total, rep resented 77 percent of the total; original equipment batteries, down to 9.3 million from 10.7 million units in 1966, rep resented 22 percent; and export of 204.400 batteries accounted for the re maining I percent. Technological advances in battery manufacture and in improved charging equipment has materially reduced the weight of lead per battery unit to the present average of 18.8 pounds and has increased battery life from an average of 20 months in 1950 to 27 months in 1966. Greater emphasis on methods of combat ing air pollution has served to point up the
depend cost, a lions o powere
The posted 168,90 tons in in 196
conten declini compo Canad of plan the de
supplie extent gasolin to wh toward air pol
Hist metal, paints, not ap
in fact by oth phasis cation rently attenua sion-re chemic
Lead in gage proofin efficien
slrated ings to
been w quality involve ized so field o ing in cludes pesticid
The
in 196 black the va to 31 331,30 growth Black percen
654
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1967
with 58 percent in 1966. Litharge, the other large item, consumed 28 percent in comparison with 80 percent in 1966.
Distribution of shipments of pigments and oxides reflected the dimishing require ments for white lead and red lead in the paint industry. The ceramic requirements for white lead, red lead, and litharge also decreased as did the use rtf litharge in oil refining, nihher processing, and varnish manufacture. Manufacturers' shipments not specificially defined as to end product rep resent a major tonnage of while lead, red lead, and litharge and a substantial decline was posted for the "Other" categories for each of these materials in comparison to
the high requirements of 1966.
Prices.--The quoted price of lead pig ments and oxides was unchanged during the year reflecting the stable price of lead. Basic carbonate white lead was quoted at 20.5 cents per pound in carload lots,
freight allowed. Red lead, 95 percent PhsOi, in carload lots, at works, was quoted at 16.75 cents per pound efleclivc in mid-October 1966. lhe price of
litharge was 16.25 cents per pound for commercial grade, powdered, in carload lots, at works, also effective in mid-October
1966.
.
Shipments of dry white lead declined in
average value per ton from $412 to $407 while the average value of white lead in oil increased from $658 to $677 per ton. 1 he total valuation of white lead shipments decreased about $) .3 million. Red lead shipments declined in average value from $361 to $342 per ton and litharge from $341 to $321 per Inn and total value de
creased $5.4 million. The total value of shipments of white lead, red lead, and litharge was $46.8 million, a decrease of
16 percent in comparison with the $56 million value in 1966.
Foreign .Trade.--The export of lead oxides, pigment grade, including com pounds of lead arsenate and others, de creased from 2,600 tons valued at $1.04 million in 1966 to 1,909 Ions valued at $772,300 in 1967. Canada was the lead ing importer at 666 tons followed by the United Kingdom, 175 tons and South Vict-Nam, 113 tons. Twelve other countries received shipments ranging from 1.4 to 84 tons and small shipments aggre gating 213 tons were consigned to various other countries.
Imports for consumption of lead pig ments and compounds was slightly higher in tonnage hut declined in value some $784,000. White lead was received, in order of importance, from West Germany, Canada, Netherlands, the United King dom, and Japan. Red lead was chiefly supplied by Mexico (45 percent), France f 26 percent), and West Germany (25 percent), with Denmarlj, the United King dom. and Belgium-Luxembourg the other suppliers. Litharge, representing 80 per cent of the lead pigments and compounds imports, was predominantly from Mexico, 98 percent, with France, West Germany, Belgium-Luxembourg, Netherlands, and Canada the other sources. Other pigments,
including leaded zinc oxide, blue lead, orange mineral, and unspecified, aggre
gated 74 tons and came predominantly from West Cennany and the United Kingdom.
Lead nitrate imports of 220 tons from the United Kingdom arid Republic of South
Africa and 130 tons of unspecified lead
compounds, mainly from Canada, made up the 3.60 tons of other lead compounds.
STOCKS
The stock position of all segments of the lead industry improved in 1967 although still well below normal levels. Primary producer stocks of refined lead at the beginning of the year amounted to 16,208 tons and antimonial lead stocks were 6,400 tons. The combined stocks gradually increased through May to 3.1,700 tons, declined to close the year at 18,200 tons of refined lead and 5,200 tons rtf lead in antimonial lead. I he combined stocks of metal at primary plants has thus ranged from 25,200 tons in 1965 to 22,600
tons in 1966 and 23,400 tons in 1967. The total lead in primary materials, including ore, bullion, in process, in transit, and re fined, as reported hy the American Bureau of Metal Statistics at yearend 1967 was 189,900 tons in comparison with 177,100 tons at yearend 1966 and the low of 140,800 tons at yearend 1965.
Consumer and secondary stocks of lead in all forms opened the year at 90,30(1 tons and increased moderately to a peak of 114,200 tons in July and then declined to 105,800 tons at yearend. The major
LEAD
increase was in soft lead which comprised 57 percent of total stocks. Government
inventory tons to a
PRICES
The domestic quoted price for common
lead at New York, after two decreases of 1 cent per pound in 1966 from the De cember 1964 peak of 16 cents per pound, was unchanged at 14 cents per pound
throughout the year. The foreign market, as illustrated by the London Metal Ex change, was relatively stable with daily fluctuations within a narrow range. The average monthly price in U.S. currency equivalent ranged from a low of slightly under 10 cents per pound in January to
a high of
ffeerreennttiaiall o
tween the well abov additiona New York a favorab
The Go was at t equivalen the variou
tion storag
FOREIGN TRADE
The foreign market for domestic raw materials and refined metal continued unfavorable daring 1967. The 1,000-ton increase in refined exports resulted mainly
from larger metal shipments to Japan and, also, increased small-lot shipments to other countries. Scrap shipments abroad con tinued to decline indicating the upward trend in lead raw material availability at the European smelters.
General imports of ore and bullion during the first 6 months of 1967 were 15,800 tons or 23 percent above the re ceipts during the like period in 1966. The strike closure of domestic smelters relying on foreign ores during the last half of the year resulted in a 15-percent decrease for the year. General imports of metal, how ever, posted a 38-percent increase for the first 6 months and 27 percent for the year in comparison with the like periods in 1966. A large tonnage of lead in ore was moved from bond into commercial channels in 1967 and imports for consumption ex ceeded general imports by over 20,000 tons. Metal deliveries were entered for duty payment as landed and general im ports and imports for consumption were identical in 1967. General scrap receipts were about 900 tons above the amount
entered f ore and b was $30.3
value of $ $220 in $88.7 mi
ton comp year. Imp
pipe, and to contin
Four co
ada, and of the or
consumpti than land down of b ing metal total follo Germany, six count
the meta
the 90,00 European
Luxembou
Kingdom--
tons in 1 movement
compensa mestic ou
WORLD
Statistical summaries of world produc tion and consumption of lead compiled by the Bureau of Mines, American Bureau of Metal Statistics (ABMS), and the International Lead and 2inc Study Group
REVIEW
.
vary wide sources,
Bureau o sible, prod
content ba
666
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1967
Table 10.--Secondary lead recovered in the United States ' (Short tons)
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
At metal: At primary plants... At other plants..........
Total.......................
In antimonial lead: At primary plants. At other plants...
Total .............. In other alloys-----------
Grand total: Quantity...................... Vnlue (thousands).. .
3 741 13o !788
134.620
7.672 237.126
244.797 114,146
493.471 $106,590
R.B05 140.702 149.207
13.421 257.101 270.622 121.863
541.682 $141,894
13.110 168,774 181.914
19,299 261.364 270.653 123.252
575.819 $179,656
9,004 147,215
2.53R 147.806
______
10.768 272.977
283.736 132,880
7.808 280.911
288,719 114,709
572.834 $167,208
553.772 $148,411
Table 11.__Lead recovered from scrap processed in the United States, by kind of scrap and form of recovery
(Short tons)
Kind >f scrap
1966
1967
Form of recovery
1966
1967
New scrap: Lead-bas**........................... Copper-luiae.......................
Tin-base ......................... .
Total..............................
79 673 7 424
608
87,605
Old scrap: Battery-lead plates. . All other leud-baae----Copper-base. ................
Tin-base.........................
285.489 179,602 20.334
4
Total...........................
486,329
Grand total.................... 572,834
As soft lead:
71,829
At primary plants............
4,500
At other plants.................
578 Totul
76.907
303.258 155,892
17.711 4
476.865
In antimonial lead 1 - -............ In other lead alloys.................. In rnpnnr-haae alloys . .. In l.in-tiaso alloys.
Total...................... - .
Grand total............. -
9,004 147.215
156.219
283.735 108.264
24.566 50
416,615
572.834
553,772
2.538 147.806
150,344
288,719 96.884 17.796 30
403.428
663.772
. Include, 10.768 Ion, o( lead recovered in antimonial lead from secondary aource. at primary plant. In 1966 and 7,808 tons in 1967.
LEAD
Table 12.--Lead consumption in (he Unite (Short tons)
Product
1966
1967
Metal products:
Ammunition. .............. Bearing metals.............. Brass and bronze.........
Cabin covering.............. Calking lead................... Casting metals..............
Collapsible tubes____
JTfH.................................... Pipes, traps, and
bends........................... Sheet lead....................... Solder............................... Storage batteries:
Battery grids,
posts, etc.......... Battery oxides... Terne metal................... Type metal...
78, 435 21,688 25,447 66,491 63,250
6,671 11,987
6,041
19,984 28,938 78,898
240,635 231,957
1,966 30,421
Total.. . ._______ 912,609
Pigments: White lead.....................
Red lead and litharge.
8, 13j 89^600
78,766 19,661 20,467 63,037 48,789 10,083 11,299 6,148
20,184 26,763 68,833
Pigments--Con Pigment co Other'......
Total.....
Chemicals: Gasoline a *dd!.tiv" Miacellane chemic
229,287 237,378
1,620 28,654
870,769
Miscellaneous u Annealing.
Galvanizin Lead platin
Weights an
other. 8,087
76,589
Grand to
> Include, lead content ot leaded zinc oxide and other pigment,. Includes lead which went directly from scrap to fabricated produ
Table 13.--Lead consumption in the Unite
(Short tona)
Month
1966
1967
ia"uary..................................... February.................................. March.......................................
*Pril..........................................
........................................... ........................................... July...........................................
104,661 101,606 114,670
109,834
113.649 110,565 93,238
107,431
99,789 112,912 106,964 110,808
106,011 84,192
August. . _____ September.......... October__ November_____ December.....
Total
rabr,|'tedeproduc?rtCnt '
*lnc x'dc Rnd ther pigaient" n
Table 14,--Lead consumption in the United Slates In types of material
(Short tona)
Product
Soft lead
Lead in antimon
lead
s!oraeePhdt^'?............................................................ Storage batteries.........................................................
..............................
196-869 246,208
iftl!
I03-37 221,46
18
"W
ToLaI..........-..................................................... 814,427
338,32
ronriinl^flf t39'^ t?ni' r,!fad ^hicli went directly from scrap to fa contained in leaded tine oxide and other nonspecifled pigmenta.
668
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1967
Table 15.--Lead consumption in {he United States in 1967, by States t (Short tons)
State
Refined
Lead in Lead In Lead in
soft lead antimonUl alloys copper-
lead
naan scrap
Total
Colorado.............. - -....................................................
District of Columbia.................. ...............
Illinois............................................ .............................
Michigan........................................ .............................
Ohio................................................ ............ Pennsylvania................................
88,663 1,070
16.233
154 . 5,255
35,545
86,431 74,835
10,784
2,546 3,454 3.706 13,266
35,425 2.80G
123,239 38,239 13.360 50,935
1,351
189 1.973
6,837
Alabama and Mississippi------ ...............................
New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont, Delaware.
North Utah.
NanedvaSdoau,thArCizaoronlain.a..............................................................................
.
2* 997 874
4,453 1,071 3,807 157,270 5.472 4,612 1.445
104
814,427
31,097 2.714
16.112
4,914 11,729 b 1, b! 9 42,175
.
18, 662 1,700
14,642 10,923
19,414
3,186 29,800
409 10,714
995
3,259 2.461
3.734 2,650 7,691 17,973
5,909 2,719
338.323
5,204 124
905 1.169
2,019 . 8,936 1.282
3.
1,837 159 68
742
rgg 499
a, 159 1.180
41
2',587
307
106
79 2
128 2.082
io
116 652
190
60,692
15,527
125,869 3,856
32,638 154
10,169 49,293
119 ', 034
8^839 22,228
471006 4,551
84',532 1 ,801
7,$43 20,295
5,680 3,906 8.266 3,758
5,472 10.721
4,164 104
1,218,969
t Excludes 39,513 tons of lead which went directly from scrap to fabricated products and 2,034 tons of lead contained in leaded zinc oxide and other non-specified pigments. Table 16.--Production and shipments of lead pigments 1 and oxides in the United States
Pigment
-
Produc- -- tion (short tons)
1966
Shipments
Value *
Short tons
Total
Aver
age per ton
tion (short
tons)
1967
Shipmen Is
Vulue 1
Short tons
Total
Aver
age per ton
White lead: Dry..........................
. 9.680 2,619
Total. . ........... ____ 12,299
Red lead.........................
31,080 108,098
Black oxide.................... ____ 198,941
10.909 $4,492,202 $412 3,967 2,610,603 658
14.876 7.102,805
31,270 11,302,545 110. 30.3 37,580,505
477
361 341
7,316 2,807
10,123 26.869 95.581 203.571
8,871 $3,609,808 $407 3,257 2.205,973 677
12,128 5,815,781 25.741 8,814.995 99,982 32,135,289
480 342
321
, Except tor ba.ic lead eulfale, licurea withheld ,o avoid diecloeinc individual company confidential data.
* At plant, exclusive of container. Weight ol white lead only, but value of paate.
LEAD
Table 17.--Lead content of lead and zinc pigments 1 an domestic manufacturers, by sour (Short ions)
Pigment
Lead in pigments produced from--
Ore
For eign
Pig lead
Lea
pigments Dom t
White load. .......... Rod lead............................ Litharge.............................
Hluck oxide....................... Leaded zinc oxide..........
9,839
9,839
28,174
28,174
100,531
100,631
190,931
190,931
62H 1,776 "7
Total..................... 1,247 028 329,475 331,260 7
Excludes lend In basic load sulfate, figures withheld to avoid disclo data.
Table 18.--Distribution of white lead (dry and in oil) (Short tons)
Industry
Pain Is. . .
Ceramics. Other____
ii,36a 138
3,906
Total............................................................................. 15,402
10,63 14
4,76
16,44
1 Excludes basic lead sulfate, figures withheld to avoid disclosing In
Table 19.--Distribution of red lead shipmen (Short tons)
Industry
1964
Paints........................................................................................ Storage batteries............................................. ............. ........
Ceramics................................................................................... Other........................................................ .................................
13,213 14,18 WW
WW 13.032 13,96
Total.......................................................................... 26,246 28,09
W Withheld to avoid'discloslng individual company confidential da
Table 20.--Distribution of litharge shipmen (Short tons)
Industry
1963
1964
Ceramics.................... ..........................
................
Chrome pigments.......................................... ................
Floor coverfng................................................ ................
Insecticides...................................................... ................
Oil refining...................................................... ................
Rubber........................................................... ................
Storage batteries........................................... ................
Varnish.................................. .......................... ................
Other................................................................. ................
Total................ ............ ..................... ................
17,762 6,763 W W 1,973 1,702 W 4,240
72,394
103,834
20,608 6,426 W W 2,142 1.978 W 4,004
64,386
99,393
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential da
670
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1967
Table 21.--U.S. imports for consumption of lead pigments and compounds
Kind
While lend...................
.......................... .........
Rod load................................. ................... ................. . _
Litharge............................................................................
Other lead pigments ...................................................
Other lead compounds.............................................. .
Total.....................................................................
1966
Short tons
Value (thou
sands)
1.915 2. i:io 25,638
78 736
30,497
$658 591
5,685 19
390
7,353
1967
Short tons
Value (thou sands)
2.293 3.296 24,632
74 350
30,645
$672 761
4,969 22 145
C, 569
Table 22.--Stocks of lead at primary smelters and refineries in the United States, Dec. 31 (Short Iona)
Stocks
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
Refined pig lead.............................. Lead In antlmoniallead........................................ Lead in base bullion.................................................... Lead in ore and matte................................................
Total....................................................................
48,780 7,890
14.947 49.219
120.836
34.100 4.012
13.218 33.068
R4.398
17.524 7.680 10.735 47.504
83,443
16.175 6.396
15.606 77.296
116.473
18,243 5,119 16.622
85.495
125,479
Table 23.--Consumer stocks of lead in the United States, Dec. 31, by types of material (Short tons, lead content)
Year
Lead in
Refined antimonial Lead in
soft, load
load
alloys
Load in copper-
base scrap
Total
1963.......................................................................................... 1964............................
1966................................. 1966................. 1967............................
71.558 69.361
61.586 44,490 59,837
40.606 35.163
36.190 34.704 35,879
6.558 7.933
10,406 10.071 8.919
1,208 987
1,013 1.041 1.151
119.930 1 13.444
109.195 90,306 105,7R6
Table 2d.--Average monthly and yearly quoted prices of lead at St. Louis, New York and London *
(Cents per pound)
Month
1966
1967
St. Louis Now York London 1 St. Louis New York London 1
January.............................................. .........................
February.......................... ................. ...........................
March.................. .......................... .. ....... ...................
April.................................. ................ ....................
May............... ..................................... ..................
June.... ....... .. . .
. ...........................
Julv.............................................
. ......................
August......................................... ...........................
September......................................... ......................
October.................... ......................... ............... .
November............................ . ........................
December...............
. ..........................
Average................................ . . . .
15. 80 15. 80 15. 80 15..80 14. 94 14,.80 14 .80 14 80 14 .80 14 .04 13 .80 13 .80
14 .92
16. 00 16 .00 16. 00 16. 00 15, 14 15 00 15 .00 IS .00 10 .00 14 .24 14 .00 14 .00
15 . 12
13.68 13.23 13.26 12.69 11.84 11.71 11.90 11.93 11 .41 10.57 10.07 10.14
11.87
13. 80 13. 80 13. 80 13. HO 13. 80 13. 80 13. 80 13 .80 13 .80 13 .80 13 .80 13 .80
13 .80
14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00
14.00
9.96 10.04 10.34 10.28 10.35 10.31 10.44 10.51 10.23 10. 18 10.44 10.12
10.28
* St. Louis: Metal Statistics, 1968. New York: Meta! Statistics, 1968. London: Metals Week. * Based on monthly rates of exchange by Federal Reserve Board.
LEAD
Table 25.--U.S. exports of lead, by countries 1
(Short tons)
Destination
1965 1966 1967
Pigs, bars and unodca: BelgiumLuxembourg..., Brazil.................... .. Canada.................... . Colombia................. Italy......................... . Japan....................... Mexico......... .. Netherlands....... Philippines............... Spain.......................... Switzerland............ Taiwan. United Kingdom___ I Venezuela................... Viet-Nam, South___ Other....... ......
Total...........................
Scrap BelgiumLuxembourg... Canada................ . Germany, West.. Italy........................ Japan................... Netherlands...__ United Kingdom. Yugoslavia.......... . Other.......................
Total...........................
Grand total..............
691 1
213 428
259 585 128 336 129
348 289
73 1,928
3--63
639 ,401
1,115 799 299 630 12
15 156 118
68
11 1
233
200
346 521
1,011
13 668
353 237
42 1,402
200 166
119
1
('> 190 321
206
19 2,719
7,811 6,436 6,636
243 161 2,348
12 235
83 584 127
3,793
1 j t,604
101 35 56
5 16
238 1S9 138 120
16 "28
498 394
,933 6,930
* In addition foreign lead was reexported as followsPjgj bar* and a"ode* 1965, 659 tons; 1966, 7 tons: 1967, 162 tons. Scrap, 1965, 99 tone: 1966-67, none.
* Less than unit.
Table 2G.--U.S. imports 1 of lead, by countries
(Short tons)
Country
1965
1966
1967
Ore, Hue dust, and matte (lead content): Australia............ Bolivia................ Canada................ Colombia............ Guatemala__ ;. Honduras........... Mexico.. Peru................... Philippines......... South Africa, Republic of.. Other...................
Total....____
26.658 5.096
43.622 677 18
8,712 760
26,419 106
10,570 23
122,661
22,614 11,136 52,707
445 35
11,132 624
41,610
164
25,653 13,764 33,474
561 197
6.513 314
36,734 37
1,394 2,130
359 6,561
143,991 124,067
Tab
Co
Base bull conten Aus Bclg Lu Can Fran Germ W Mex Peru Unite Ki
To
Pigs and (lead c Aus Belg Lu Burm Cana Den Germ We Japa Mexi Peru South Re Spai Unite Kin Yugo Zamb Othe
To
Reclaimed etc. (lea content Austr Cana Domi Re Germ We Japa . Mexi Nethe An New Pana Othe
To
Gra t
i..`sDT h*d Imp material e
672
MINERALS YEAR300K, 1961
Table 27.--U.S. imports for consumption 1 of lead, by countries
(Short tons)
Table 27.--U.S. imports for consumption 1 of lead, by countries--Continued
(Short tons)
# Country
1965
1966
1961
Country
1965
1966
1967
Pigs and bars
Ore, flue dust, and
(lead content):
matte (lead content):
Australia---------Bolivia................ Canada................ Colombia........... Honduras...........
Mexico................
Peru..................... Philippines.........
South Africa, Republic of..
Sweden.............
Other...................
23 408 3,886
33,637
439 7,406
677 30.732
96
21,460 1.454
23,617
228 3,506
426 10,177
..............
28,712 2,963
.........41 ..........20
37,879 14,707 41,416
892 5,350
4Q9 40,321
264
478 2,377
63
United Kingdom------
Yugoslavia. Other...................
Total............. ..
425 28,639
548
223.461
3,101 31,322
2.529
286.788
17,680 30,478 11,789
363.396
Reclaimed scrap,
etc. (lead content):
Australia.............
Canada................ Dominican
Republic.........
23 3,127
...........
61 2.807
179
67 6,340
248
Total............... 128,933 63,850^144,156
Base bullion (lead content): Australia............
BelgiumLuxembourg.
Canada............... Germany,
448 ..
......... 50
1,27^
442 '62 23
56 ..............
Germany, Wfist................
Japan................... Mexico................ Netherlands
Antilles........... New Zealand...
Panama..............
Peru..................... Other...................
1 ... 1.608
42 ............
13
328 314 278
'
' 45
. .. ' 46
188 50
80
150 127
167 80
374
.............. 233
Mexico................ Peru.....................
43 474 25 64
20 66
Total...............
3.612 3.956 9.368
United
Kingdom.....................
Other...................
(*)
Total...............
566
71 65
1,928677
Sheets, pipe, and
shot: BelgiumLuxembourg
Canada.............
121 219 613 83 30 99
Pigs and bars (lead content): Australia............
Belgium* Luxembourg.
Burma................ Canada............... Denmark............ Germany,
West................ Japan.................. Mexico................
Morocco............. Netherlands------
Peru..................... South Africa,
Republic of..
50,484 44,160
422
31,697 514
2.161 4,303 73.386
112 224 27,484
2.535 5,532 34,283
672
16,499 2,106 75,394
5,137 51.593
3,002 11,925
53,156
23,281 2,548
37,236 423
49.077
57,271 2,413 878 70,377
6,989
Germany, West..............
Mexico.............. Netherlands... Other................
Total...........
Grand t/it.al....
5 134
2
265 ..................................
377 514 402
29 22 196
880 919 1.212
357,462 366,441 619.009
i Excludes imports for manufacture in bond and export, classified as '`imports for consumption by
the Bureau of the Census, i Less than unit.
LEAD
Table 28.--U.S. imports for consumption of le (Thousand short, tons and thousand dolla
Year
Lead in ore. Lead in base
Pigs and
Reclaim
flue dust or
bullion
bars
scrap, e
fume, and matte,
(lead
(lead
(lead
n.s.p.f.
content)
content)
conten
(lead content)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Quan- Value Quan- V alue Quan- Value Quan- V
tity
Mty tity
tity
1965.................... 120 $26,923 1966.................... 64 13,871
1967....................... 144 29,111
! 2
1
$380 228 $60,924 576 286 75,312
1,224 364 88,697
4 4
9
Revised.
1 Excludes imports for consumption in bond and export, classified as "imp
of the Census.
Table 29.--U.S. imports for consumption of miscellaneou
----------------------------------------------------------------
Ba and Year----------
G we (sho
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .-----
1966...................................................................................................................... 1967............. ........................................ ....................................................... .
1
1&02
MINERALS YEARBOOK. 1967
blast-furnace slags containing about 7 to 13'percent zinc. Such slags were treated
to extract zinc and remaining lead by the following companies in 1967:
Company
American Smelting and Refining Company........................... l}o............................................................................................
The Anaconda Company............................................................... The Bunker Will Co........................................................................ International Smelting & Refining Co......................................
Plant location
Selby, Calif. El Paso, lex. East Helena, Mont. Kellogg, Idaho Tooele, Utah
These five plants treated 494,900 tons of hot and 34,900 tons of cold lead slag plus 4,400 tons of crude ore, all of which yielded 96,900 tons of oxide fume contain ing 62,200 tons of recoverable zinc. Cor responding figures for 1966 were 818,900 tons of feed materials, 133,600 tons of fume, and 87,100 tons Sf recoverable zinc.
Secondary Zinc Smelters.--Zinc-base scrap (principally skimmings and drosses, die-cast alloys, old zinc, engravers' plates, new clippings, and chemical residues) was smelted chiefly at secondary smelters, al though about one-third was reduced at primary smelters and most sal ammoniac skimming* were processed at chemical
plants. Details of the zinc recovered in proces
sing copper-base scrap arc contained in the secondary copper and brass section of the Copper chapter of this volume.
BYPRODUCT SULFURIC ACID
Sulfur dioxide gases produced in roast ing zinc sulfide concentrate at primary zinc plants were processed to yield 900, 170 tons of sulfuric acid. At several plants, elemental sulfur was burned to produce additional quantities of acid.
ZINC DUST
Zinc dust data included in the tables are restricted to commercial grades that comply with close specifications as to percentage of unoxtdized metal, evenness of grading, and fineness of particles; they do not include blue powder. Zinc content of the dust pro duced ranged from 95.00 to 99.60 percent, averaging 98.46 percent. Production of zinc dust was 50,300 tons, a 9-percent reduction from the 1966 record high and a reversal of the upward trend of the pre ceding 4 years.
CONSUMPTION AND USES
Consumption of slab zinc was 1.24 mil lion tons, 12 percent below ihc 1966 record high and a reversal of the upward trend for the preceding 6 years. The re duced consumption was principally in the three largest industrial categories--zinc alloy, galvanizing, and brass--which con sumed 535,100 tons, 458,600 tons, and 131,500 tons, respectively.
Of the 1.24 million tons of slab zinc used, 52 percent was Special High Grade, 29 percent Prime Western, and the re maining 19 percent all other grades. Galvanizing used mostly Prime Western grade while brass and bronze products con sumed mostly the higher grades of zinc. Of the 535,100 tons of slab zinc used in zinc-base alloys, 99 percent was Special
High Grade. Rolling mills used 45,400 tons of slab
zinc and remelted and rerolled 18,700 tons of metallic scrap produced in fabricat
ing plants operated in connection with the rolling mills. In addition, a small quantity of purchased scrap (new clippings and old zinc) was melted and rolled. Small quantities of alloying metals were added for some uses. The rolled-zinc industry, however, classified these alloys as rolled zinc.
Net output of salable rolled zinc de creased 14 percent to 44,200 tons, ap proximately equal to 1965 production. Stocks of rolled zinc at the mills were 1,600 tons at yearend. Besides shipments of 20,000 tons of rolled zinc, the rolling mills consumed 42,700 tons of rolled zinc in manufacturing 25,300 tons of semifabricated and finished products.
Rolled zinc was produced in the form of sheet, strip, ribbon, plate, rod, and wire. Its major domestic use was for dry cell battery cases and similar cases for radio
condensers and tube shields. Photoen-
ZINC
graving plates, weather stripping, roof flashing, and household electric, fuses were other uses.
CONSUMPTION OF SLAB ZINC BY GEOGRAPHIC AREAS
Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Illinois accounted for 56 percent of the slab zinc used in galvanizing. The iron and steel industry used zinc to galvanize steel sheets, wire, tube, pipe, cable, chain, bolts, rail way-signal equipment, building and pole line hardware, and other items.
Connecticut again ranked first in con suming slab zinc in brass making, followed by Illinois and Michigan.
Michigan led in the consumption of slab zinc in making zinc-base alloys. Other large consuming States were Illinois, Ohio, New York, and Indiana.
ZINC PIGMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
Production.--Output of zinc pigments and compounds, excluding lithopone, was 296,600 tons, a 9-percent decrease from the high level of 1966 which had included record outputs of lead-free zinc oxide and zinc sulfate. Leaded zinc oxide production
continued 20 years a 1913.
Pigment from vario ing ore,
Plants pro pounds nu for zinc s
and one fo
Lead-fre processes: and residu percent fro and 13 p secondary Leaded zi
zinc chlor and secon
sulfate was materials.
Leaded several gra
Content. T grade con duction. R 5 percent
percent, a produced.