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The February 15,1993 I hereby certify that the attached copies of Ceramic Abstracts, Volume 15,1936, are true and accurate copies, which are maintained in the normal course of business at the American Ceramic Society, 735 Ceramic Place, Westerville, Ohio 43081. Christine Schnitzer Product Manager Ceramic Information Center 735 Ceramic Place Westerville, Ohio 43081-8720 614-890 *4700 TWX: 7101109409 CERAMIC ABSTRACTS Compiled by The American Ceramic Society Ross C- Purdy, Editor Mjlry J. Rjuxxift* J Emily C. Van Scaotcx > Axnstonls Dorothy J. Tcxmt } Committer on Eubtitotionsi J.D. Suiaiyah. Chairman, R. G. Coxvam. T. A. KuMtXRtXW. R. F. Ssxrwoos. R. C. Pursy Volume 15, 193d Abtlnetm: Abde Ally, J. B. Austin. A.A.A>;*rs, RuddLf Barta. M. H. Beros. Arthw Bwan. L. T, BrovTuniller. W. H. Bruckner. Peter Budmkoff and E. Siefonowjkv, J. C. Chastoa, P* T, Clark W \l Cobn, M V. Condoide, Maurice Deluifre, K. W. Devffleri, A, H. Emery, w, r, Figee.V.D. Foster. J.'L. Gallup, J. D. Gal. Mas Harteobdm. M J. Hausman. F. G. Heck. R. A. HcindL E. B. Hewitt. G. M. Hutt. Herbert lasley. C. B. Jeaai. Seijt Rondo, E.H. McClelland. S 1. Perkal, F P Peters, G. M. Petersen. C. J. Phillips, J. G. Phillips. R. H. H. PieTce, Jr., Alexis pintus. R. F. Rea. Katherine Reed. F. Renaud. H. K. Richardson, R, W. Ryan. A. B. Searle. M. C. Shaw. G. R. Shelton. H. E. Simpson. A. P. Som. J. H. Steigerwald, H. H. Stephtmson, B. H. Strom, L. E. Thiess. Gilbert Thiesseii, E. J. Vacbuska. F. E. Vaerewvck, J. M. Tt-arde, F. J. 2vantit. Editorial OMct: 2525 North High Street. Columbus. Ohio. Publication Ofice: 20th and Northampton Streets. Easton, Pa. --_v Vol. 15, N4 General 49 >s. Humidity^ (ic charges; jn largest diameter are considered to cause silicosis go larger ones are able to enter the tiny air sacs of ->e build-up of & .jk lungs). (3) mineral composition of the dust with quartz J.L.tT lije dangerous constituent, and (4) length of time exposed a oxide. R. ^ H* {3428] JO*, the dust. A rating of the health hazards of a particular nn be made only after considering the physical con *tals of MjO i' ations of the plant, the processes and materials, duties of seals. The ed^ employees, their previous medical and occupational baling in. Tl* Rories, the four exposure factors listed, and the medical is 11 X 10-*^ dndiegs on employees. This last should include a thor- - range 0 to 100^ ggh history and examination of the chest, with stereo- some up to 3 rXj ltopjc X-ray films. Medical methods of prevention in- rent to X 220QI ^lyde preimployment examinations with chest films, pe- refraction due* ^odic examinations with chest films, and placement of ns* to auacit by iav Payees according to the results 'of these examinations, -). lead (I030*Cl rsgineering prevention includes making dust analyses, 1100*0, but <* rating the efficiency of protective devices, and comparing tched the surfin :be information gained with the established criteria. The to penetration 1) protection used may take the form of protection for indi t* J.L.G.^: vidual employees or of control of the dust particles. The Factory Maitoj. -rtmrement of the remaining hazard is not concerned 35).--Quality cat irith what the protective devices take away but rather with wives satisfactaj chat remains for the worker to breathe. Illustrated. processes where* J.L.G. n is needed. Ht Steel prepares to meet new opportunities. V. G. bjective of qualilt [den. Nation's Business, p. 22 (March, 1934).--Niimer- rbere and wharts ms examples of the applications of stainless steels, sheet inspecting theia- Reels, and improved welding methods are given, and it is . (T) layout of tt- town how these advances have lead the steel industry, taxation, (9) t ibt business barometer, back toward better times. /.ions of inspectin. J.L.G^ _ P.T.C. Vieira on silicosis. W. E. Cooke. Jour. Hygiene, 35 .<. Bull. Atom. 21 207-18 (1935).--It is Claimed that the consensua of "pinion is that the chemical action of free silica plays :*try. J. G. Van. -.he major part in the production of silicosis. The theory classification of :i W, R. Jones that seriate and not free silica is the cause mi, water content silicosis is discredited. The size of tbe particles is im re following appB* portant only on account of their effect on the solubility. .d: (1) deflocctib' ?harp and angular particles do not necessarily cause res of, fritted enarnrh, piratory disability. Pneumouoconiasis from asbestos may .tion. of glazes, (5) > due to the liberation of free silica From solution of as manufacture of R- bestos in tissue dutds. No explanation is given lor the unsilicate--** CerOM. mmity from silicosis of some workers under adverse con F.G.B. ations. G.H.A. iAmsoTOK. Fat1 291-92 (1935).-- books ' hygienist, define* Ceramic Data Book and Catalog*. 8th ed. Industrial ormal, elastic Uu Publications, Inc., Chicago, 1935. 330 pp. No charge. ,sue brought aboot This edition carries 80 pages of well-illustrated advertise- :c particles of ft* ~*nts. each of which contains informational matter of ime. This fibrous 'lue to every ceramist. These SO pages of advertising ecrease in lung e*- "e not by any means of small value; they are sources of tuberculosis. N*- '-formation. There are 44 pages devoted to a review of are the hairs in tlr literature with bibliographic* on enamel, whitewarc, ice of the lining ^ ass, refractories, and structural clay products and pro ilia or microscope -action. There are 130 pages devoted to a compilation .a. The secondary - tables, charts, definitions, and data which are frequently tent which acts 1 ^scd. Forty-five pages are devoted to ceramic raw mate- ;r exposure fact*** Eleven pages are devoted to formulas and calcula- arc (1) the concer "ws. Whilt some of the material of this eighth edition s per cubic foot rf PPears in the previous editions, a great deal of it is new, ides umler ten W riajjng the information up to date. This has charac terized all previous editions, making of these books valu able and fairly exhaustive reference works on ceramics. Ross C. Puaoy Ceramic Engineering (Ingenieria Cerimica). T. W. Gaxve, Columbus, Ohio. 8 pp., 11 figs. This small bulle tin discusses driers, kilns, etc., and is written for the needs of the cla/worker in Latin-American countries. It con tains an improved design of a chambered continuous lain especially suitable for the prevailing capacities and re quirements of the Spanish and Portuguese South. This kiln permits the firing of all structural and other ware, en abling hashing, salt-glazing, etc. An appendix contains a table of pyrometric cones and other vital data relative to the conversion from tbe English to the metric (Spanish) system. T.W.G. Chemical Engineering Catalog. 20th annual ed. Reinhold Publishing Carp.. New York. 1935. S63 pp. Price 33.00. The publishers have once more rendered valuable service to the industries in the issuance of this book. The technical and scientific book section of 50 pages is alone worth the price of this catalog. Tbe many equipment and instrument concerns have furnished 800 pages of condensed alphabetized and indexed catalog, thus providing a handy reference book. It has a separate in dex of the laboratory and reagent chemicals. Ross C. Pvaov Chemical Guide Book, 1935. Chemical Markets, Inc., New York, 1935. 803 pp. Price 32.00. Reviewed to Ceram. Age, 26 [4] 159 (1935). F.G.H. Dynamic Economics. Theoretical and Statistical Studies of Demand, Production, and Prices. (Mono graph of the Cowles Commission for Research in Eco nomics, No. 1). Chaju.es FaBSESICK Roos. Principia Press, Bloomington. Ind., 1934. 275 pp. Price 33.50. A good general description of this book by the former Di rectorof Research and Planning of the NRA is found in' the first sentence of his preface. "In 1929 I decided to refrain from publishing research papers in economics until I had a sufficient number to justify tbe publication of a book which would relate these researches to each other and to my earlier papers." Unfortunately, R. has not quite succeeded in all he set out to do, for in spite of certain points of correlation between the chapters they remain a collection of research studies lacking in continuity and of uneven quality, tbe more mathematical ones being, in gen eral, superior to tbe others. This is partly due to the fact that, like Alfred Marshall whom he quotes, R. obviously thinks' `much more easily in mathematics. . .than in En glish." His text is not well finished and is sometimes wordy, as in the case of Chapter I, in which he takes 12 pages to develop the concept of "dynamic economics" which must be dear to anyone who is competent to under stand what follows. There is also a tendency to overwork certain symbol; which occasionally leads to confusion. For example on page 196, reference is made to the letters A, B, and C without further comment except that they are "described in the preceding chapter," which in rum seems to contain several kinds of A't, B't, and Cs. In regard to subject matter. R.. whose mathematical equipment is impressive and beyond question, has at tempted to proride a broad basis for economic theory and in so doing has made frequent excursions into highly- ab- 2(G Ceramic Abstracts Vol. I">. Xo. X 19 3<> Junes Past. Rich.vrd Pass. Bull. Amer. Ceram. Soc.. The group visited the University- Institute Tor Occupational I 15 16| 220-33 (1930). Diseases, the State Porcelain Works, the Siemens Plant I New! New regulations for mine police In anthracite coal areas (sandblast-polishers), and the Berlin industries having a ! BUTCHE: in Germany. Schotueann. Zentr. Geverbehyg. Unfailver- silicosis risk (silica paint works and cosmetic and scouring i price 7s kiituHi, 22, 164 (Aug.-Sept., 1935).--S.. silicosis expert powder manufacturers). Dr. L'dluft. the geologist, talked (Stettin), comments on the new regulations for mine- on the minerals whose dusts cause silicosis and pointed our ' Techa police (Gluckauf, p. 773 (1935)) in hard-coal areas (upper their occurrence in the terrain around them. Prof. Jdtten. j Nat. Cc Breslau. Bonn, Dortmund), showing emphatic instructions Government Research Laboratory for Industrial Diseases. i xvi 4-3/ tor the technical security of industrial workers, who must Munster, reported his results on "Dust research upon ex ' 55 {1815 be safeguarded in every possible way from mechanical in perimental animals." At the Katser-WUhelm Institute | ard Eng! juries. from customary illness, and from occupational dis for Physiological Research in Dortmund, G. Lehmann dem j of gaseoi eases. The campaign against silicosis through prevention onstrated his work on the efficiency of the nose in dust I fuel, sec of dust in boring operations is particularly provided for. filtration. At the Silicosis Symposium, in session at the scope ar Re Bochum mines, silicosis experts discussed the pathology ! and fluid organization and work of laboratories for the study of and clinical course of silicosis and the miners' susceptibility gases, an ceramic materials in France. W. De Keyses. Vent or to it in that region. In Dusseldorf Dr. Lochtlcemper j those me Silicates fed.. 7 (10S 116-19 (1936).--The essential points showed an X-ray series illustrating silicosis In its several j construct of the organization of the Institute for French Ceramics phases and in different occupations. The ceramic indus j l>. A and the Official Laboratory of the Syndicate of Manufac tries were studied in Frankfurt-am-Main, where slipware I ish Stand turers of Ceramic Products in France are discussed briefly. porcelain, technical appliances, and dentures are made. . M.V.C. Silicosis is found among the Elb scone-workers. Dr. Silicosis and the minerals causing it- E. L. Mmoirrox Brandt, industrial physician of the vicinity, and Prof. and W. R. Jones. Foundry Trade Jour.. 52 |969| 191 Saupe at their clinic reported on silicosis and asbestosis 92 (1933).--Silicosis was discussed before the Southern in Saxony. Dr. Siegmund, Kiel, spoke on his research on Section of the Institute of Vitreous Enaraelers in London. colloidal silicic acid. R.R. M. (Medical Inspector of Factories) dealt with the disease Training of a chemical engineer. R. JC. Mtirar. Jour. itself and J. discussed the minerals which cause it. Australian Chem. Inst., 3 (4| 109-23 (1936).--American, H.E.S. European, and Australian methods are compared. Silicosis prevention in the porcelain industry. Hart `- H.H.S. mann. Zentr. Geverbehyg. UnfallrerkiUuttgr 22, 141-.V) What to do after the flood. G. A. Van Brcxt. Factory (Sept.. 1935).--Closely descriptive pages on porcelain Management & Maintenance, 94 (4| 144-45, ad. p. 32 manufacture told in narrative sequence deserve a separate (193(1).--Bearings should be emptied, silt cleaned out, and abstract. The entire paper carefully translated would grease or oil removed with solvents. Motors and trans make good required reading for pottery amateurs or ce formers should be dried out and insulation checked by re ramic apprentices. Dust dangers unload with the masses sistance tests. Meters should be returned to the maker. of raw material, rich in silica and its compounds. The Gears and transmission chains should be cleaned. Rubber worker may be safer by dampening down the dusts or and waterproof belts need only to be cleaned and the sur sucking it away at the point of origin. Here Hartmann, as face dried. Leather belts must be cleaned and then dried engineer, asserts himself. Actual pictures are reproduced very slowly under a coating of belt dressing or oil. Foun from holes, comers, floors, and ceilings, showing desirable dations, floors, and roofs should be checked and repaired and undesirable appliances and place-location of workers; where needed. Illustrated. See Ceram. Abs., IS (1! ventilators below that should be above, or else in reverse 46 (1936). J.L.G. activity,. TheJ.934,protective.regulationsofthe Engineer Why end how an engineer can heip-clay products plants. ing Insurance Assn, are submitted like solemn command Ernest W. Knapp. Brick Clay Rec., S3 1-41 147-48 ments. Hartmann emphatically urges ceramic cleanli (1936).--Many plant failures and inefficiencies are due to ness. Floors, machines, ceilings, the air itself, can not be faulty design. The application of common sense, practi too often cleansed, scrubbed, wiped, polished, ventilated, cal engineering skill to the remodeling and rebuilding of or blown away, to suit bis ceramic-medical ideal. As he plants and equipment would' help improve the quality of contemplates continuous droppings and scatterings from the ware and reduce costs now often exorbitant. K, cites beginning to end of the work-cycle, arising and re-arising personal remodeling of a drier to reduce costs and secure in ever finer and drier dust-clouds, whirling as in a dance better operation. The advantages of properly operated of death, he almost shouts above the roar and clatter, updraft kilns are also cited. E.J.V. "Ceramic dust is not Fate--it is criminal slovenliness." K.R. Swedish Commission visits Germany. Anon. Zentr. NEW JOURNAL Geverbehyg. Unfaiiverhiitung, 22, 204 (Nov.. 1935); also in Annals of Science. (Quarterly.) Edited by D. McKje. Aerttl. Saehter. Ztg., 41, 324 (Dec. 1. 1935).--A Swedish Harcqurt Beown, and H. W. Robinson. Taylor A delegation from the Royal Insurance Society toured Ger Francis, London. Price 6s 3d. quarterly, or 1 per an many to study research methods and practical aspects of num, post free. Vol. I, No. 1, Jan., 1936. Reviewed in the current campaign against dusts causing silicosis. In Discoeery, 17 [194J 58 (Feb., 1936).--This is a quarterly Berlin. Dr. Bauer, the Reich's Labor Ministry's medical ad review of the history of science since the Renaissance. visor, spoke on "Damages sustained in severe silicosis." H.H.S. -U ha ah*. m 6ty. manmte is * ) At nue V. arts. U3In at rum esof di in G. nisi 6).-- caHy mger l-ahif IVCSr ?robm of ition. .T. 1 nE> son's . Pmte :re*sc :cs it.ns of -spexTbe ;ntrasmall sotuof the 1 is a .rough ves in t.Bsyiene . Hal.. Hg,Ir. ractcrQed in e\eu carktUL rettb. hod is a tnix* n cases sample ^epaiaI.H. 1936 General 349 Softening of vitrified material*. Eouaxd Renoczx. Aun. Chim., 4, 523-66 (1935); abstracted in Ckem. Zentr., li, 421 (1936).--The relationship between the tronsfanna- tioc point and incipient softening of vitrified materials was studied. See Ceram. A&J..13 [10] 255 (1934). M.V.C. Studies on aluminium oxide by means of electronic lays. E. Belwb. Z. Phystk, 100 [3] 192-96 (1936).-- When alumina is exposed to electronic lays, interference lines ore obtained which allow conclusions to be draws re garding its structure. Two types of alumina were ex amined: (1) alumina made by an electrolytic oxidation, and (2) alumina made by the oxidation of metal foil in a Same. Electrolytic alumina consists of a very finely crys talline y-alumma. Alumina made in the flame consists of the usual coarsely crystalline farm with crystals of metallic aluminium interspersed in it. L.TJJ. System K,0-Pb0-S10,. R. F. Gellzx anb E. N. Bunting. Jour. Research Nat. Bur. Stand; 17 [2] 277V89 (1936); R.P. 911. Price 5^.--The system was investi- . gated by means of well-known methods involving quench ing, petrographic examination, and heating curves. Five ternary compounds were identified optically in the system KiO SiOr-PbO-SiOj, and the compositions of four of these were established. The first, crystallising as hexagonal plates with a melting point at 918*C, is tmiariai negative, and the optic axis is perpendicular to the cleavage. The second, crystallizing as well-defined fibers or laths, melt ing at 779*C, and resembling a short-fibered asbestos when crushed, has the optic axis parallel with the longitudinal axis. -The third is positive biaxial and crystallizes as rec tangular, platy granules of parallel extinction which melt at 757*C. The fourth is platy, melts incongruently at 735*C, and is very unstable. The crystalline phase of un determined composition apparently melts incongruently at about 750' C to form glass and SiO. Unfortunately, aH the glasses examined (which otherwise held promise of usefulness as glazes) on heating and cooling .undergo vol ume changes so great as to preclude their use on claywaie as now manufactured, with the exception of certain "high silica" and "high talc" wall tile. R.A.H. Thermal decomposition of kaolin and the composition* issuing from it under higher temperatures. O. F. Hoots. Siaoivo. p. 387 (1935). R.B. BOOKS Hydrofluoric and Fluosflidc Adds and Their Metallic Salts: . VoL 24 (Flussatire, Kieselfiusssaure imd deren MetaUsaltze). Oskax Rauscb. Enke's Library of Chemistry and Technique. Edited by Ludwig Vanino. 433 pp. Reviewed in Glashvite, 66 [20] 349 (1936); Sprechsaal, 69 [24] 352 (1936).--The following topics are discussed: (1) hydrofluoric acid, its properties, formation, and preparation; (2) fluosilidc add, its properties and production, and metallic silicofluorides; (3) metallic fluorides and double fluorides; (4) analysis of hydro fluoric and fluosilidc add and their metallic salts; (5) uses of hydrofluoric and fluosilidc adds and their metallic salts. The last part deals with the use of these materials in the glass industry. Numerous patents are mentioned. M.V.C. Microgea Analysis and Its Application (Die Mikrogas- analyse und ihre Anwendung). Heinxick Schwaxx. Emil Haim and Co., Vienna and Ldpzig, 1935. 286 pp. Price (paper) 21 Rm.; (linen) -22.80 Rut. Reviewed in Ind. Eng. Chan.. Neat Ed.. 13 [6] 116-17 (1935). F.G.H. Theory of Emulsions and Their Technical Treatment. William Clayton. J. and A. Churchill, London, 1935. 459 pp. Price 25s. Reviewed in Trans. Faraday Soc,, 32 [6] 972 (1936).--The very large technical literature on emulsions - has been incorporated. There is an equally thorough treatment on colloid mills, homogenized, and the manifold devices used for de-emulsification, inversion of emulsions, and multiple emulsions. GJt.S. PATENTS Alkaline trisodium phosphate. Howaxb Adlbx (Victor Chemical Works). V. S. 2,050,249, Aug. 11, 1936 (April 9.1934). Method of producing persilicates of increased stability with high content of hydrogen peroxide or active oxygen. F. Kxauss. Brit. 452,144, Sept. 2.1936 (Dec. 15,1933). Process for malting sodium aluminate. O. A. Olssk. U. S. 2,052,486. Aug. 25, 1936 (Feb, 5. 1934). A process for making sodium aluminate comprises adding sodium hydroxide to an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate, adding substantially anhydrous alcohol, removing sodium sulfate from the alcoholic solution of sodium aluminate. and separating the sodium aluminate by distillation. Process of treating zinc oxide. Hugo Reinhaxd (Wil helm Grillo Handelsges. m.b.H.). U. S. 2.053.249, Sept. 1, 1936 (June 20, 1934). The method of producing zinc oxide comprises vaporizing zinc metal by boiling in an ex ternally heated muffle, bunting the vapors within a com bustion chamber in the presence of a quantity of oxygencontaining gas sufficient to oxidize the vapors and to con vey the oxidized product to a precipitation zone, and simultaneously retarding the flow and the rate of cooling of the resultant-flimeswithin tbe-range from 800 to500*C. Treatment of clays, etc. William Felbekssimex. U, S. 2,053,329. Sept. S, 1936 (Aug. 23, 1935). In the treatment of days, etc., to improve their color, the step comprises treating the clay in the wet state with a soluble chromous salt. General Filtration of air in foundries. O. Tk. Kojutnig. Ctts- serei, 23 [12] 295-98 (1930).--The hygienic and economic fiarmfulncss of the dusts in foundries is pointed out, and means for removal by filtering or electrical precipitation and the respective advantages of these methods are dis cussed. - M.H. Health hazards in industry. F. K Featonbv. Jour. Australian Chem, Inst., 3 [7] 199 (1936).--Most important of industrial hazards is inhalation of very fine dusts, es pecially siliceous dusts, although Pb attacks most danger ously on the respiratory tract. Accident proneness (25% of workers being in 75% of accidents) is noted. A bibli ography of the Australian Commonwealth Dept, of Health service publications on the subject is attached. H.H.S.