Document ZBE5rNExRbZEL1YJYp90QNRO7

Home Safety THURSDAY MORNING SESSION '4 October 10,1940 JointSession, Child Education Section and Home Safety Committee Presiding, Rosamond Losh, Executive Secretary, Children's Bureau, Kansas City, Mo., and Chairman, Home Safety Committee^ National Safety Council. Home Acdaddeenntt^^-----^Where, How and Why? By DONALD B. ARMSTRONG, 1LD. Third Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., Hew York City, and W. GRAHAM COLE Director of Safety, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York City Every day, on an average, 88 deaths result sons disabled through home accidents every from home accidents in die United States, hour.' Home accidents are responsible for or 37 deaths every hour. Home accidents 53 per cent of the disabling injuries resulting are responsible for 343 per cent of all fa from accidents of all types in this country. talities resulting from accidental causes. It is further estimated by the Council that Furthermore, home accidents represent the home accidents result in an annual eco ^eighth most important cause of death, ex nomic loss of approximately $600,000,000, or ceeded only fay heart disease, cancer, cerebral an average of approximately $68^00 an hour hemorrhage, nephritis, pneumonia, tuber throughout the year. culosis, and to a very small extent by motor This high sacrifice of life, disabling of in- yehide accidents. dividuals, and economic loss'would be ap In September, 1928, the public was shocked palling at any time. It is. of particular sig to learn of the huge loss of life resulting nificance now, however, when we as a nation from a hurricane in Florida. During the are concerned with national defense; requir period of tins disaster, 1480 persons met ing the greatest possible conservation of man their death. Approximately the same num power and resources. Accordingly, the pre ber of persons die as a result of home acci vention * of . home accidents should be dents in the United States every 13 days considered hot .only from the humane and throughout the year--a continuous disaster.. economic standpoints, but likewise from that During the 18 months of the World War, of national vitality. 50,510 members of :the- American Expedi .Epidemic Proportions of the Problem tionary Forces were lulled in action or died of wounds,^ During the past 18 months, apprpximatety 48,000 men, women, and chit- . dren have died as a result of accidents In the homes of opr nation. Disabling Home Accidents As a cause of death and disability, the home accident problem may significantly be . compared with, some of the hitherto major diseases of mankind, many of which have yielded to scientific control. For example, during the first seven months of 1940, the In addition to fatalities, home accidents, home accident death rate among Industrial according to the estimates of the National policyholders of the Metropolitan Life In Safety Council,.result in 4,700,000 disabling surance Company amounted to 12.0 per hun accidents a year, or-ah average of 537 per dred thousand policyholders. During the 177 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Is Wl/-o3*5?<6 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT I1 OrtfS 42 N,. 178 29th National Safety Congress same period, a combined rate of 3.7 was following lines: noted for the following five communicable diseases: typhoid fever, measles, scartet fever, whooping cough, and diphtheria. 1. A comprehensive statistical analysis of home accident experience--to determine the physical conditions and individual practices It would seem logical to consider the con 'chiefly responsible for accidents in American trol of the home accident problem from a homes. public health or perhaps, "epidemiological" point of view and accordingly, to review the fundamental steps taken by science in the 2. Intensive and localised home accident surveys--to determine whether these known unktfe conditions exist or whether known control of other serious causes of mortality and morbidity. In general, these steps-have ' been as follows: 1. Scientific rerearch---resulting in an iden tification of factors responsible for the cause and spread of the disease under considera tion; 2. Local epidemiological surveys--to de termine the existence or non-existence of the disease and its etiological agents in a given area; unsafe individual practices are followed in the homes under consideration. 3. Control and prevention--the removal or correction of unsafe conditions and the de velopment of safe practices by individuals in the home. Actually, in the field of home safety, steps two and three are very largely the respon sibility of the individual and his family. An organized program of education, however, based upon an accurate knowledge of condi 3. Control and preventive procedures--the tions and practices responsible for home ac development of a program for the elimina cidents, is necessary to encourage action on tion of conditions producing the disease in the part of the individual the given area. Some accidents are due to the design, con Similar procedures adopted by industrial struction, and maintenance of the building organizations have, according to the National itself and may, therefore; be considered a Safety Council, resulted in a 69 per cent re responsibility of the architect and builder duction in accident frequency and a SO per rather than of die occupant The prevention cent reduction in accident severity in 'the of such accidents, however, likewise requires period from 1926 to 1939 inclusive. Many an analysis of accident producing conditions. \ industrial organizations have been able to Existing Data ) reduce accidents to an even greater extent, and there are outstanding cases of large in dustrial plants which are now able to con duct their operations for one or even more years without an accident of sufficient se While we know that the home accident problem is serious, we scarcely know enough as yet to provide the basis for a real pre ventive program. verity to cause loss of time. Measures for Upon records of the United States Cen the prevention of occupational accidents sus Bureau and those of State health depart parallel those of disease prevention : ments, the National Safety Council annually 1. Industrial Safety research--to- deter-, mine the physical conditions and the work ing practices responsible for occupational accidents; estimates the number of deaths and nonfatal injuries incident to home accidents in the United States. The data relative to fa talities are obtained from coroners* reports and, therefore, can be considered fairly re 2. Local plant surveys--to determine liable as to gross totals. These data are whether improper physical conditions exist classified according to age groups and five or whether unsafe working practices are principal types of accidents, namely: burns, followed in the plant under consideration; falls, firearms, mechanical suffocation, and 3. Control and prevention--the develop poisoning. ment and conduct of a well-planned program for the elimination of unsafe conditions and the correction of unsafe working practices. - No additional analysis of fatal home acci dents is made on'^a national basis. Some health departments, however, make a more . Because of the success of these funda- . detailed analysis, the most complete bring mental steps in the control of disease and that contained In the annual report of acci occupational accidents, it would seem that dental deaths published by the Kansas. State these same principles might well be applied Board of Health. This analysis dassifies to the home accident problem, along the -home fatalities by. type, location within or o. without A stt the city by H. ' Researc In the Home? by resi status ( ddent include! In th howeve lias bee analysis issned 1 based t ddent port cc approx: type. 1 howeve A st hospita Hospit: Works sponsor Public tional 1 an ana cases c Durii Public Health survey of 800L areas, suiting In the werec family There types o Whil belief t necessi study : is now - devdo] analysi opport serve practic is calk Base Home Safety \ \79 / 'tiout the house, and cause, home accident' -study covering the period v 1 study of home accident fatalities for from November 15, 1939, to May 15, 1940, the city of Cleveland was conducted in 1935 was undertaken under the direction of Pro by H. W. Green, Director of Statistics and fessor Irma Gene Nevins of the Kansas Research of the Geveland HealthCouncil. State Teachers College and a Fellowship In the report of this, study, "How Safe Is Student of the Center of Safety Education, Home?M the accident fatalities are analyzed New York University. The study had the by resident location, sev sex, economic support of the National Organization for status of the irijured party, and; type of ac Public Health Nursing and the active par cident Some interesting case reports are . ticipation of the Visiting Nurse Associations included. or Public Health Nursing Associations of In the field of non-fatal home accidents, however, no comprehensive, national study has been' made. Perhaps the most complete analysis in this field is the five year report Detroit, Mich., Indianapolis, Ind., Kansas City, Mo., Minneapolis, Mina, New Haven, Conn., Philadelphia, Pa., Pittsburgh, Pa., and San Francisco, Cal. issued by the Travelers Insurance Company, As a result of this study 550 individual based upon benefits paid under personal ac home accident reports were submitted bv cident policies of that company. The re the participating members of the Associa port contains a fairly detailed analysis of tions listed. These reports are now being . approximately 48,000 home accidents, by tabulated. Hie report, form included the type. No other analysis of home accidents, following questions, to each of Which was however, is included in the report appended a check list; "When and where . A survey of home accidents resulting in hospitalization at the Cook County. (Illinois) Hospital in 1933 and 1934 was made as a. Works Progress Administration project sponsored by the Cook County Bureau of Public Welfare and supervised by the Na did the accident occur?" "What are the im mediate factors?" "What are the contribu ting factors?" "Who was involved in the accident?" "What was the person doing at the time of accident?" "How will the acci dent be classified?" tional Safety Council. This report contained A Study by Metropolitan Nurses an anaalysis of 4,602 hospitalized accident In addition to collecting accident data, the ; '~^es classified by location, and -by . type. visiting nurse is in an excellent position to during 1935 and 1936 the United States Public Health Service conducted a National Health Survey with WJA assistance. This survey consisted of a house-to-house canvass of 900,000. families in 84 cities and 23 rural - areas. The study was confined to' cases re sulting in disability of seven days or more. In the report of the survey home accidents were1 classified fay means of injury, age; sex, family income groups, and nature of injury. The report contains similar analyses of other types of accidents. The Visiting None influence safe home .practices and the re moval of unsafe home conditions. In order further to explore the possibilities of using the visiting nurse in both of these fields of activity, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company early in 1940 instructed its sal aried nurses throughout the United Slates and Canada to submit reports regarding all cases of accidental injury for winch nursing service was requested. Since the Company maintains 336 salaried nursing services, em ploying a staff of 678 nurses who handle more than 300,000 nursing cases in a year, a study conducted by this staff is nation While.these studies are helpful, it is otir wide in area and covers a large number-.of belief that a successful preventive program individual homes. The study also...indudes necessitates a more complete and detailed some 35,000 nursing cases handled in Canada .study and''analysis of such accidents than by astaff of 89 nurses. is now available. As an instrumentality in This study was undertaken for two defi developing basic data essential for such an nite purposes: first, to collect accurate data analysis, the visiting nurse has an unusual regarding home accidents; and, second, to opportunity, since she is in a position to ob stimulate nurses* interest in home safety serve and analyze unsafe conditions and through familiarization with such data. practices in the homes of the patients she To launch the plan, letters of instruction is called upon to nurse. were sent to each nurse early in. 1940 and Based upon this principle!, an individual additional information was furnished through / T \ |. '.r. X ISO 29th National Safety Congress regular supervision channels. No special forms were developed for thepurpose, the nurses being instructed to famish die re quired information on their regular case re ports. They were asked to report on each case where care was necessitate! by an acci dental injury. They were instructed to re port whether the injury was the result of a motor vehicle, occupational, public, school, or home accident Only in the case of home accidents were additional data requested. These indude: nature of injury, part of body injured, ac tion of the injured party, location of acci dent^ type of accident, and objects involved. The data submitted by die nurses are care fully reviewed, and form letters requesting additional data are sent to the nurses when necessary. An analysis of the final informa tion is prepared on a monthly bads accord ing to a number of pre-detennmed subclassifications. This study was initiated in die spring of 1940, and approximately two months were needed to cany out the proper instructional work and to obtain complete data. A test analysis of accidental injuries was prepared for the month of April and, on the bads of this study, certain necessary changes were made in die analysis form. Using the re vised forms, comparable analyses for the months of May, Jnru; and July have been completed and a quarterly analysis prepared. For each month as well as for the quarterly period, analysis sheets have been developed for three geographic areas, namely: toe United States east of the Rockies; toe Pa cific Coast and mountain states; and Can ada; A total sheet, covering all areas, lias also been developed. In general, toe study is confined to acci dental injuries sustained by industrial and intermediate policyholders, and group certificateholders of this company. It covers cases which are of sufficient severity to require nursing service. Only a comparatively few fatalities "are included. Prior to July our records did not show toe number of cases requiring hospitalization.' On toe basis of the July experience, however, it is noted that approximately 11 per .cent of all accident cases and approximately 9 per cent of toe home injury cases reported required hos pitalization. According to the experience since this survey was started, it will eventually indude approximately 500 home accident cases a month or a total, of about 6,000 a year. Since this study to date, however,-covers a period of tone months, the results reported in this paper can. only be considered as indicating possible trends and illustrating the type of data which will be available as the study continues. It is'interesting to note toe dose compar ison, between toe percentage of home acci dents reported in our stndy and toe similar percentage estimated by toe National Safety Council. .For toe three months covered by this "study, 50 per cent of all injuries re ported, .or a total of 1,572 injuries, resulted from home accidents. The National Safety Council estimates that 53 per cent of ail dis abling injuries in toe United States are due to home accidents. In toe Eastern area of toe United States our stndy shows this fig Table I--Nature of Injury - Eastern Pacific Coast & States Mountain States Canada Total Cuts, Lacerations and Abrasions__ ... Bruises and Contusions.................... Burns and Scalds............................... Strains and Sprains........................... ....... ... ... Asphyxiations.................................... Poisoning........................................... ... Fractures and Dislocations.............. ... Foreign Bodies.................................. Bites....... ........................................... Multiple............................................. ... Other.................................................. Not Specified..................................... 25% 18% 12% i% 20% 6% 28% 11% 18% 13% 3% 17% 1% 5% 3% 1% 30% . 25% 18% 11% i 34% 19% 1%' 11% ! i 4% 2% i 9% 19% & i% ## 1% 3%. 5% 3% 4% , ure at 5 47 per c An id indndec and toe Handsi Head, I Legp.Fi Arms.'. Eyes... Trunk. Interna Mu!tipi NotSpi , Wailrin: Househ Launde Other! Cookmi Eating. Playing Tendin; Other. Noneo Living Dining Bathro Hallwa Cellar. Attic.. Stain < Porch, Garage Other. NotSp Home Safety 181 |at 50 per cent, in the Pacific Coast-states . per cent, and in Canada at 58 per cent An idea of the range of seventy of cases induded may be obtained from TableX This and the five other tables in this paper are based upon, a total of 1,572 injuries, of which 1,190 were reported in the Eastern states, 280 in the Pacific Coast and mountain states, and 102 in Canada. These figures should not be accepted as indicating relative ' Table II--Part of Body Hands and Fingers.................. Head, Face, and Neck-----Legs, Feet, and Toes............... Arms.'....................................... Eyes.......................................... Trunk........................................ Internal......................... . Multiple.................................... Not Specified........................... Eastern Pacific Coast & States Mountain States Canada Total ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ..... ........ ........ ..... 14% 9% 34% 11% 1% 16% 3% 12% .. _ 16% 20% 30% 9% 4% 16% 3% 1% 1% 22% 21% 25% 10% 2% 12% 5% 5%.- 15% 12% 32% 11% 1% 16% 3% 10% Table III--Action of Injured Walking and Running............. Household Cleaning................ J-'Wdering Duties................... jer. Household Duties......... COoking.................................... Eating................................... Playing..................................... Tending Heating Equipment. Other................ :................. ;. None or Not Specified............ Eastern - ; States ........ 36% ........ 5% ........ 4% ........ 7% ..... 5% ........ 2% ........ 22% - ... .1% ........ . 11% ........ 7% Pacific Coast & Mountain States Canada 32% 3% ' 3% 7% 3% 2% 33% . 16% 1% 16% 3% 9% 9% 3% 5% 27% 2% 25% 1% Total 34% 5% 4% 7% 5% 2% 24% 1% 13% 5% . Table IV--Location of Accident............. Living and Seeping Quarters. - Dining and Kitchen Quarters. Bathroom................................. Hallways, etd..................... Cellar................................. ' Attic......................................... Stain or Steps...................... Porch, Yard, etc...................... Garage....................................... Other......................................... Not Specified.............. Eastern Pacific Coast & States Mountain States Canada Total ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ 15% 27% 3% 2% 4% ..... 18% ........ r' o28% ........ 1% ........ 2% 13% 28% 2% ., ., - 8% 41% 3% 2% 3% 8% 55% , 3, % 7% 17% 1% 7% 5% 14% 29% 3% 1% , 3, % 15% 30% 1% 2% 1% 182 29th National Safety Congress r frequency of home accidents in the respec tive areas, but simply as a basis for the per centages in the respective columns. Considering the extensive educational ac tivities which have been carried out with re spect to the dangers of asphyxiation due to carbon monoxide in closed garages and to improper ventilation in homes, it is interest ing that only two cases of asphyxiation were reported; likewise that only 2 per cent of the cases involved accidental poisoning. Another indication of the land of injuries being experienced as a result of home acci dents can be obtained from a review of the parts of the body injured through accidents of this nature. Table II presents the classi fication used and the percentage variation of injuries on this basis. For preventive purposes it is necessary to know what people were doing when they were injured. Proper emphasis then may be given to the development of correct prac tices incident to home activities. Table III shows die percentage distribution of the Table V--Type of Accident Eastern Pacific Coast & States Mountain States Canada Total Falls from Heights........................................... 12% Falls on Levels........................... ....................... .. 38% Failing Material................................................ 1% Handling Materials or Objects.......... .......... .. 11% Stepping on Objects.......... ........................... 6% Collisions with Objects.................................... 12% Hot or Burning Substances............................. .. Electric Burn or Shock..................................... ( .1(2% Inhaling Gas or Smoke.................................... Poisons, Not Gas.............................................. .. 1% Other....................... j........................................ .. 6% Not Specified.......... .'........................................ . 21% 16% '9% 5% 16% 15% 1% 6% 9% 1% 17% 6% 6% 12% 8% 7% 19% 9% "s% 13% 14% 32% 2% 10% 6% 12% 13% 1% 3% 7% Table VI--Objects.Involved ,t Eastern Pacific Coast & States Mountain States Canada Total Household Furnishings or Equipment............ ...15% Floor Coverings................................. ........... . 3% Slippery Surfaces............................... .......... ... .. 4% Toys and flay Equipment....................... 4% Tools and Sharp Objects.................................. 13% Utensils............................. ................................ 7% Food................................................................... 2% Animals, Insects, etc........... ............................ - 3% Heating Equipment, etc...........................*----- 4% Laundering Equipment and Materials........... - 4% Inflammable Liquids or Materials.................. Other Household Appliances........................... Plumbing Fixtures............................................ 4% 1% 1% Structural Defects............................................ 2% Firearms............................................................ Automobile........................................................ 1% Multiple............................................................ 1% Other................................................ ................. .. 12% None or Not Specified............ ......................... ... 21% 5% 2% 7% 5% 9% 1% 3% 6% 5% 6% 3% 1% 3% 3% 29% 11% 14% 3% 1% 2% 7% i 15% : H% - 5% 11% 3% 7% 3% ,, ,, 1% 19% 13% 3% 4% 4% 12% 6% 3% 4% 4% 5% 2% 2% 1% 2% ,, 1% 1% 15% 18% home i at the For necessj gardinj ddents of inji the hoi Con: Table with a Coast sible f 6perc Last the su indicat H As The and a live si is too preva have this, with for i the ii modei rimes well forgo! been of sa: and t tudes creati But i a par sciou; (whic Home Safety 183 me injuries by the action of the injured /the time the accident occurred. For a proper preventive program it is also necessary to obtain some information re garding the place of occurence of home ac cidents. Table IV indicates the percentage of injuries by room or other location on the home premises. Considering the' type of accidents (see Table V), falls on level are outstanding with a total of 32 per cent In the Pacific Coast area, however, this Item was respon sible for'only 16 per cent and in Canada only 6 per cent Lastly, the study included an analysis of die subjects involved in home accidents, as indicated by Table VL This survey, although incomplete and of a comparatively short duration, seems to indi cate that the public health nurse is in a po sition, becauseof her training and her fre quent contact with individual homes, to serve as an excellent source of information re garding home accidental injuries. In the . absence of official reporting of non-serious home accidents, it is reasonable to suppose that we can look upon the visiting nurse as an effective instrument in the collection of data of this nature. Because of her training in the field of prevention and because of her close educational contact with individuals in the homes she visits, , she is alsti in an ex cellent position to utilize this experience in a useful and constructive manner forflfte t . advancement of safety. __ * HOME SAFETY ACTIVITIES OF SELECTED NATIONAL GROUPS The American Red Cross By RICHARD W. THRUSH _ Assistant Director, First Aid and Life Saving, American National Red Cross, ton, D. C- There have been safe practices of cme land homes each year) must be developed a and smother about the places where people determination that these accidents in a very- live since the beginning of home life--there large measure can and shall be-prevented. is too close a relationship between accident prevention and self-preservation for it to have been otherwise. But admitting all this, safety for the home, as compared with industrial safety, or highway safety, for instance, has lagged terribly behind the improvement and the conveniences of modem home life and the fast moving times in which we live. In fact we can well say that home safely has not only lagged but has been, to a great extent, forgotten as a definite effort while we have been busy about many other matters. <-The whole effort needs to be individu alised. The very nature of our home life indicates this. We have no group or organ ization responsibility here as exists in in dustry,-no set of laws and regulations as in dealing with traffic Those of us who concern ourselves about this particular phase of safety realize more and more how in direct and almost subtle our approach to the home.must be, however well intentidned our'purpose From the standpoint of the Red Cross it. appears that we have an opportunity (.The first responsibility in the direction - and a peculiar responsibility because of the of'safer conditions in and about our homes very nature of our organization set-up. and toward a better set of habits and atti There are 3,700 Red Cross Chapters in the tudes .for accident prevention lies in the United States. Frequently they are on a creation , of an awareness of the problem. county basis,, but. since there are only about But awareness of accident hazards is only 3,200 counties there are considerably more a part of the beginning. Along with a con Chapters than counties; in other words the sciousness of what causes the accidents Red Cross Chapters quite completely cover (which result in some 32;000 deaths in our.. the entire couritiy. '"4 184 29th National Safety Congress Locally those who are interested in the program in the nature of campaign has Red Cross are interested, too, in the other been meant as a stepping stone to higher worth while community activities, and by levels of interest and accomplishment The the same token the members of other groups emphasis is upon year-aronhd. program de are interested in what the Red Cross does. velopment and such seasonal hazards as Also, there are more than dght-and-a-half need particular attention at particular times million boys and girls enrolled in the in the year. Junior Red Cross, so that we have an alto gether natural service program relationship with the schools in particular through this medium. To assist schools and youth groups in their efforts a pamphlet on. home and farm accident prevention is provided to teachers and leaders. Four hundred thousand copies The accomplishments of the Red Cross of this pamphlet were distributed last year, in its training programs related to safety as a part of definite programs developed are rather well known. It is worthy of note, however, that 656,803 persons com pleted courses in first add and in water safety last year. That means that for each working day more than two thousand cer tificates were issued for courses'that ted. been completed in these subjects. This work in or through the Chapters. Based upon the information and the stimulation provided through the use of this material between nine and ten million check-lists of common hazards were distributed. Also 88,000 posters reading, "Their Safety Depends on You," were provided. in first aid and in water safety is mentioned On the adult side of the program 19,000 because it does have a direct bearing upon copies of "Group Discussion Material-- safety at home. For example, if a man is Home and. Farm Accident Prevention" were trained in first aid in an industry, he does nsed last year. Courses have been developed not leave at the plant the knowledge he for the training of adnlt leaders to carry has acquired when he goes home in the our program in Home and Farm Accident evening. Prevention, and a start has been made in But specifically the Red Cross has a program designated .as Home and Farm Accident Prevention which is designed to contribute to the efforts being made' for a more formalized presentation of this sub ject to adults in P.T-A^ Granges, Service Clubs, and in a multitude of community groups ready-male and otherwise. home safety. Incidentally, in linking the We have taken pains to provide much farm along with the home it is well to keep publicity for both the press.and the radio in mind that while, in this instance, we are and are regularly issuing a news-letter, giving thought to an occupation, at the "Home and Farm Accident Prevention." same time it is an occupation which is more dosely associated with home life than.is true of any other occupation. Or to reverse In addition to the material produced and provided by our own organization we dis tributed last year through our Chapters the picture; the home life of a farm family 55,000 of the Forestry Service posters, is not confined to the four walls and pos `Yours in Trust" sibly a yard but indudes the barn,, the orchard and everything. to the far -line fences. More deaths occur in fanning acci dents than in any other occupation. . Just recently we have completed a series of 14 nation-wide radio broadcasts. This program, "Listen and Live," proved to be a very interesting project with a high re-' The approach to home and farm accident . sponse from all sections of the country. prevention, as we .see it, is through educa We had excellent cooperation from a variety tion, just as this has been true in First Aid of organizations and governmental agencies and in Water Safety. When we think of in this series. education, we think both of children and of adults. With this in mind it is our pur pose to cooperate with the schools, with j'oung people's organizations, and with any adult groups interested or who may be interested in the problems of home safety both urban and rural. All along the line we have had excellent relationship with the schools. We are glad to have them understand that the Red Cross is endeavoring only to help them with a problem and with a program in which they themselves are interested. The same thing applies to the youth organizations. The Whatever there has been or is in our National Safety Council has been most helpfuL on home be modi We ai For insts informed ership in The t Scoots < woven v and safe separate premise support: But h< may bell We hav and safe) 1. Pro Scouts; - Our K ical exai limit his tion bees of aedde Every struction training gram to . From mandate In 19 earned l all of w tent' wi XTarlrem safety > house: 1 jhip, Sal Beside them, ai Skiing which 81 ' While of the i acquired taught t Home Safety 185 Y tuL Without the-material they develop C hmt and farm accidents there wouldn't be modi in the way of directional signs. . We are learning much as we go along. For instance nothing is more important than informed, interested and active local lead-, ership in this field. We know too that there is no more important* place. to contribute to the individual and . general morale than through safer and consequently stronger homes. We recognize in the words of W. H. Cameron in a recent editorial, "We must go at this business of safety as though it were a life-long job---which it is!" Boy Scouts of America By FRED C. MILLS Director, Health and Safety, Boy Scouts of America, New York City The home safety program of the Boy Scouts of America is so completely inter woven with every , other part of its health and safety activities that it is difficult to separate it, for we have proceeded on the premise that each part of that program`gave support and impetus to the whole. But here are a few facts and points which may help you better to understand our work. We have a three part program of health and safety: 1. Protection of Scouts; 2. Education of Scouts; 3. Service by Scouts. Our No. 1 point in protection is the med ic-* examination of each Scoot in order to 1. }his activities if necessary. This I men tion because of its importance to every sort of accident prevention. consider the growing fatality list and I ask myself what excuse we have for not having done more; more and still more with our opportunities. , * . I ask myself why I see on the program today the names of but six national organ izations making reports rather than 66 or even 666 and in all seriousness I wonder if it is to a considerable extent our fault Where , are representatives of that most powerful influence . inhuman affairs--the churches of America--many of whom and perhaps all are' interested in the temporal as ...well as the spiritual welfare of their people. Where are die racial group represents-, tives--Negroes, Indians; Mexicans? They are counted in the toll of dead and injured. Every Scout gets some home safety in struction and every one receives first aid training as a part of his advancement pro gram to First Class rating. . From there on op a knowledge of it'is* mandatory. In 1939, 101,000 Merit Badges * were earned by Scouts in die following subjects, Where are the representatives of Rural America in whose dwellings most of these home accidents occur? Why are not the representatives of die Farm Bureau, the 4-H. Clubs and the Granges here? 1 And die fraternal and Young Women's, and Young Men's organizations? Where are they? [ all of which have to do to a very great ex tent ' with home - safety, even including Marksmanship, a. major portion of which is safety with firearms in and out of the house: Firemanship, First Aid, Marksman ship, Safety. Perhaps our organization .with its great influence among these other organizations has somehow failed to stimulate their in terest Certainly there has been a failure somewhere. They are not here but they should be. The help of every angle group is Besides these, but very closely related to needed. What is the answer?. , them, are the Personal and Public Health, I wish .to submit to the Home Safety Com Skiing and Swimming Merit*.Badges of mittee of .the National Safety Council the which 88,500 were earned, in 1939. recommendation that the following informa * While I take pride in.tbis report because .. tion be made available for the guidance' of of the fine work doneby the Scouts who those organizations who cooperate in this acquired those skills and the leaders who effort: taught them, .1 fed. very hnmUe when I 1. A definition of the home as .it has to nf 186 29th National Safety Congress do -with safety: Does it mean the.house in which we live or the house and yard, out buildings and bams or perhaps the whole farm property, or does it mean the neigh borhood surrounding the house? 2. A breakdown of accidents into kinds and then into causes in so far as they are known. 3. An apportionment of work to various cooperative organizations. Of course there will be overlapping of effort, but that can be constructively coordinated if we talk the same language and teach the same methods and strive for the same common end. Home Safety Program of the United States Housing Authority By HOWARD L. WHITE Management Review Division, United States Housing Authority, Washington, D. C. Effective safety standards in project de a sign and management are prerequisites of good public housing. This statement briefly sums up the attitude of the. United States Housing Authority toward the question of safety in its present large-scale slum clear ance and rehousing program. Under this program 193 locally appointed housing authorities have or are now de veloping 467 projects of 154,209 homes. Construction has started on 276 projects of which 75 projects, totaling 29,559, homes, are either occupied or about to be tenanted. An . addition, 49 projects formerly con\\y' structed by the PWA Housing Division and now under the general jurisdiction of the United States Housing Authority, are in operation. The safety record of public housing in the United States lias been exceptionally favorable. On the basis of one and one-half years of accident experience, rate reductions of 98 per cent on liability coverage and 59 per cent on fire coverage were allowed on ir blanket policies for 44 occupied projects. These reductions represent savings - over average fire insurance costs for apartment buildings and savings over original 25 per cent preferred rates on liability costs. A study of the 1939 accident records for the 49 PWA Housing Division Projects under USHA jurisdiction indicates, how ever, that there are great opportunities for further reducing accident hazards in the low-rent housing field. These projects housed 69,925 people during the year. Their accident reports list one fatality and a total of approximately 129 accidents and 61 fires resulting in injuries and/or property damage within project boundaries. An analysis of causes indicates that 40 of the accidents and ai %\ 36 of the fires might have been prevented by safer planning and designing. We realize that as more projects are completed and occupied the problem of safety for tenants and operating personnel becomes relatively more important. In addi tion to humanitarian considerations, eco nomic savings to tenants which can be re alized through the elimination of accident hazards are highly desirable. In view of the limited income of the average family in lowrent housing projects even a temporary' loss of income because of an accident may result in extended economic hardship. The initiation, development and manage ment of public housing projects are vested in Local Housing Authorities. The respon sibility of the United States Housing Au thority is one of a tanker who has loaned money and wishes to protect his invest ment In protecting' this investment the United States Housing Authority has found it necessary to set certain standards and policies with which local authorities are ex pected to conform. It is through these pol icies and standards, as well as through ad vice and counsel, that we are able through our dealings with local housing authorities to foster safety considerations. . We in the United States Housing Author ity are concerned with home safety at tivo definite stages. During the development and construction of a project we are interested in the safe design of dwellings. After the project has been completed and has entered the management period we are interested in conducting safety education activities and rectifying any mistakes in design which might have been overlooked during the de velopment of tiie project Let us first con sider the development or construction stage. i;;:> In cou thorities guide ma Authqrit: sider saf ects. The appearing specified cently be entitled * gestions operating have also Of the consider! and oper to home group. S are as Co 1. Loc first flo inches al sential oi 2. Pro age fad storing I volving ; 3. Elir possible, high rail 4. Cor non-slip such plat 5. Av< lower p< doors. 6. Av close to . .7. Prt & Ret inches al 9. Usi sible, wi able safe 10. C< each sta from sqt 11. Pi 12. In bottoms. 13. Pi with so stalls. 14. L. Home Safety I* 187 ) counseling with Local Housing Au medicine out of reach of small children, and thorities and in the development of written wherever possible providing a lock. guide materials, die United States Housing Authority has made a special effort to con sider safety in die design of housing proj ects. These many separate recommendations appearing in specifications and bulletins not specifically concerned with safety have re-cently been brought together in a document entitled "Planning for Safety." Design sug gestions which have evolved from the operating experiences of our earlier projects have also been included. Of the many design factors which we have considered, important to safe construction and operation, only those pertaining directly to home safety will be of interest to this group. Some of the more important of these 15. Locating cooking stoves at least one foot from jambs of windows. Ranges with open flame burners, should be located so that dames will not be subject to drafts or in the path of blowing curtains. 16. Selecting a type of range with oven and broiler raised to a level which mini mizes dangers of stooping and lifting heavy hot objects. 17. Avoiding low types of hot plates on which darts may catch fire. 18. Locating electric ice boxes and other electrical equipment far enough from the rink so that their handles cannot be grasped conveniently while touching faucets or sink. areas follows: ' 19. Providing adequate and convenient 1. Locating residential buildings so that first floor levels are approximately 14 inches above grade in order to avoid unes- . ' shelving, most of which can be reached without climbing on chairs or ladders, and avoiding shelving above cooking ranges. sential outside steps at entrances. 20. Locating electrical switches and poll 2. Providing adequate dwelling unit stor age facilities to minimize the necessity of storing toys, equipment, tools and items in- . volving a fire hazard in hazardous locations. cords in bathrooms and kitchens away from plumbing appliances to minimize the possi bility of simultaneously grasping two fix tures which may, in the case of a fealty electrical connection, complete an electrical 3. Eliminating elevated porches wherever drenit and produce a shock or bums. possible; and when the}' are used, providing iv"h railings of safe design with toe boards. 21. Providing adequate lighting in all I rooms with switches placed so as to enable I Constructing entrance platforms with persons to turn on lights before entering. norislip finishes, and with railings wherever such platforms are raised. 5. Avoiding the use of glass panels in the lower portions and in the pushing areas of doors. 22. Providing adequate lighting for dwell ing unit stairways so as to minimize shadows during descent, with three-way switches lo cated both at the bottom and top of stair ways. 6. Avoiding the location of doors too dose to stairs. 23. Designing all electrical work in ac cordance with the National Electrical Code 7. Providing well secured screens. : and using only those materials approved by 8. Requiring window sills at least 32 the Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. inches above floor level. ' 9. Using straight stair runs whenever pos sible, with risers and treads meeting accept able safety standards. The factors which I have just enumerated . are indicative of the consideration engineers and architects concerned with the develop ment of USHA-aided projects are giving to 10. Constructing continuous hand rails for the improvement of safety in the home. each stair run, designed to prevent children After every .reasonable effort is made in from squeezing through. . ' " designing a project to eliminate safety haz 11. Providing non-slip floor surfacing. ards, it 4ffieb. becomes the responsibility of 12. Installing bathtubs with flat, antt-skid bottoms. / 4. ' ... 13. Providing grab bars in . combination with soap.dishes for bathtubs and shower stalls. ... the housing) manager to reduce hazards through safe maintenance and operation. HowevW^sffc realize that only part of the hazards ihay'be met through the direct ac tion of management The others are due to human factors beyond direct control. Ten 14. Locating utility closets for ^storing ants engaged in the activities of daily life 188 29th National Safety Congress in their own homes are subject to a wide range of hazards. The only control. is through the tenants themselves. For this reason management can make only an in direct approach, and this can best be done through a program of safety education. project maintenance personnel. - Project newspapers sponsored by tenant organizations.or by other tenant groups have beat instrumental in spreading information on home safety. Very few of these publica tions, however, have emphasized this type As a part of its community relations pro gram, the United States Housing Authority is concerned with the stimulation of safety education activities in local housing projects. These activities have developed differently in various localities. of material. One of the problems peculiar to low-cost housing is the presence of a large propor tion of new tenants who are unfamiliar with the use of stoves,' refrigerators, and other equipment provided in their new homes. Some project managers have incorporated home safety hints and suggestions in hand books prepared for and distributed to new tenants as they move into their new homes. In a few cases, mimeographed- bulletins have been used to supplement'handbooks. Recognizing this problem, the management staffs of most projects have provided indi vidual instruction or group instruction on the safe use of equipment This instruction - is usually provided when the family moves in or soon after. ; Local chapters of the. American Red Cross have been very cooperative and helpful in supplying teachers and educational materials for first-aid and safety courses in a number of our projects. Serial, and recreational rooms provided in community buildings and in other parts of the projects have beet used, for class purposes. These courses have been conducted primarily for project ten ants, although some have been designed for .Aware of the need-for a well-planned program of safety education, the United States Housing Authority has been working with the New York University Center for Safety Education on the development of safety education materials and a course outline which will be made available to local housing authorities some-time in the future. The major portion of this material will be concerned with home safety. National Congress of Parents and Teachers ' By MARIAN TELFORD National Chairman, Committee pn Safety; Director, Traffic Safety Education Project, National Congress of Parents mid Teachers; Director, Education Division, National Safety Council The National Safety Committee of the National Congress of Parents and Teachers was organized approximately twenty-eight years ago. Since its inception the Committee has assembled information on the home ac cident problem. It has distributed home safety tests, home inspection blanks, and other materials.^' As early as 1928 it de voted one part of,,a three-part survey to home accidents. School and community' hazards were also surveyed at the same time. Two phases of the present program will be discussed in this brief report Earlier this fall the National Board of Managers of the National Congress voted to include the subject "Housing" on the Na tional Study Program. Perhaps there are some people who think of housing in terms of the Federal Housing Authority. We pro pose to malm a study of the general subject The work of the particular governmental agency' in this field will be incidental. We conducted last year a family accident survey. Five thousand families containing at least one. individual holding a member ship in:a local Parent-Teacher Association participated in a three-month study of home accidents. The purpose of the study was to determine how the accident problem, widely recognized as a tremendous social problem, actually affects the families of representative Parent-Teacher members. Every state in the union participated in this study. Parent-teacher leaders feel they can now concentr, problemt families cal parer For among ] dents all bicycle, combine! common Public .public p --ranked of freqt roads at . church! accident! - Anton about 01 ddent^ occumn salting i were fa other ty rag the automob Alma: by injur as were The rek accident, and nal long est tional ( has rare techniqu tion. T! now one Repor been rci tabulate dent typ Tlie 1 of the < Mrs. V Chicago Presii Iron Rs Council Home Safety tentrate their safety efforts on specific motor vehicle, and occupational--reports V..items known to be the problems of the were scrutmized.for additional information fathOtes represented by memberships in lo- of Value In the development of a safety pro ey] parent-teacher associations. gram. When did the accident occur? Who . For example, the survey showed that was injured? These and other questions among parent-teacher families bomeacd- were asked. dents alone exoeed in number automobile, About 75 per cent of the accidents re bicycle, public and occupational accidents ported occurred between noon and 8 o'clock combined.. Falls and . burns were the most in the evening. Bicycle accidents were, con common type of home accidents reported. centrated in an even shorter period,; two- Public accidents--accidents occurring in thirds of these having happened between 3 . public places bat not involving automobiles --ranked second in importance on the bams of frequency. School and city playground, o'clock in the afternoon-and 7:30 in the evening. Saturday and Sunday were free from occupational accidents, but with this roads amd highways, public parks, yes, even . church basements were the locations of these accidents! single exception accidents were reported with about the same degree of frequency throughouthhe entire week. The age*and sex of individuals injured Automobile accidents were reported only ' about one-third as frequently as public ac cidents, about oae-sixth. as often "as injuries occurring at home. However, accidents re sulting from the careless use of automobiles were far more serious than those of an other type. The only fatalities reported dur ing the three-month period resulted from throws farther light on the problem..' In fants, youth, middle-aged arid the aged--all of these suffered in home accidents, with burns appearing to be particularly haz ardous to infants and falls, to the aged. Youth of approximately high school and ' college age were involved in the majority of public-not-motor vehicle accidents, while automobile accidents. their younger brothers and .sisters of ele Almost as. many families were--affected mentary and high school age were injured fay injuries occurring to individuals at work while riding bicycles. Boys and then were as were, involved In automobile accidents. injured far more frequently than women /*"* "t relative importance of the occupational and girls, except in those accidents occur Jlent; problem came as a surprise to state ring at home. L' and national parent-teacher leaders. The long established safety program of -the Na tional Congress of Parents and Teachers has rarely, if ever, included any reference to techniques of occupational accident preven tion. This apparent gap in. the program is now under consideration. Additional sources of data, such as reports of health, motor vehicle and police depart ments, are being utilized fay parent-teacher leaders in planning future programs. We have been interested in the wide spread expression of interest in this survey. Requests for copies of the materials used Reports received during the survey have have been received from seven national or been reviewed from many angles. Following ganizations, 31 states and groups of various tabulation by major classification of acci lands, and five Central and South American dent types--home, public (not motor vehicle). countries. *** . The home safety activities and materials of the Camp Fire Girls;were described by Mrs. W. T. Grable, Executive Secretary, Chicago Council, Camp Fire Girls, Inc. A-. similar presentation in regard to the activities and materials of the Girl. Scouts was made by Rosabel Burch, Program Division, Girl Scouts, Inc., New York City. Demonstration Meeting, Home Safety Committee, Minnesota Safety Council Presiding, A. V. Rohwedeb, Superintendent of Safety and Welfare, Duiuth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway Co., Duluth, Minn.; Vice-President for Home Safety, National Safety Council. I' 190 29th National Safety Congress Home Safely Panel The home safety panel was presented by members of the Horae Safety Section of the Minnesota Safety Cbrnidl. Panel par ticipants were: ^ Mrs. H. W. Brodt, Home and Community Chairman, Minn. Farm Bureau Federation, Fairmont; William H. Brown, Director of Safety, Northern States Power Co., Minne apolis; R. A. Jakoubek, Field Representa tive, American Red Cross, St Louis, Mo.; C H. Zealand, Executive Secretary, Min nesota Safety Council, St Paul; Dr. R. M. Bums, Chairman, Radio Committee; Minne sota State Medical Assn., St Paul; Mrs. Ada LaPachek, Chairman, Worthington Safety Council, Worthington; Frank C Berry, Executive Manager, Hennepin County Safety Council, Minneapolis; Theodore F. Wold, Director, Hotel & Restaurant Insp. Div., Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul; Ralph A. Rohweder, Assistant Sec retary, Minnesota Safety Council, St Pant (Pane! leader). *** MR. RALPH ROHWEDER: A most logical starting place.for this exposition of the Minnesota Home Safety Program is an explanation of the principles that grade our activities. MR. ZEALAND: The basic procedure in the prevention of home accidents is the same as for other safety work in that we attempt to guide activities by the lessons of accident experience. First, we systemat ically record the individual facts about single accidents. We summarize these facts and discover that hundreds and thousands of accidents are the product of relatively few dangerous acts, a few improper designs. We then effect changes in techniques, pol icies and designs by every means at hand, through every interested agency. MR. WOLD: There are two parts to the accident investigation job bring .done by the Minnesota Department of Health. The first is a follow up inquiry into fatal accidents. Our Bureau of Vital Statistics queries the attending physician or informant listed on the death certificate of. every home or farm accident victim. For brevity, spe cial forms, identified by color, are used for each type of accident. . The second part of our accident investi gation work is comprised of sampling studies of non-fatal injuries. We have started this type of investigation in Olm sted County, the location of the famed Mayo Clinic. There, every accidental injury treated by a physician is reported to the dis trict health officer. The health officer sends a detailed accident report form to the vic tim to learn causal facts. During the first two months of operation 227 home and farm accidents were reported in this county of only 35,500 population. If the experience in Olmsted County is typical, there are 72,000 home and Bum accident victims treated every year by Minnesota physicians. MR. ROHWEDER: And at that rate there would be *4,464,000 home and farm accident victims treated by physjdans ever)' year in the United States. The facts un covered in accident studies take many forms. One of the most obvious uses is a list of hazards for use in "self-inspection" cam paigns. . MRS. BRODT: Until recently, nearly every organization working for safer homes in Minnesota had its own home hazards check list Inevitably some homes were checked again and again while others were completely missed. The forms varied as to points covered. Few made definite sugges tions for the elimination of listed hazards.. So we combined and refined the best-points' of the various forms, added new ones, and produced a new home inspection'form for housewives. It is available to every, organ ization in Minnesota. MR. ROHWEDER: I have noticed that a number of the questions in any check list concern gas and electric appliances and their fittings. It seems to me that a direct ap proach is through the manufacturers and suppliers of these materials. MR. BROWN: Gas and electricity are really safe servants because the suppliers of these forms of energy take elaborate pre cautions in their distribution. The voltage of your house circuit,' for . instance, repre sents a balance- between safety on one hand and transmission efficiency on the other. For another example, odorless natural gas is highly perfumed to inform customers of leaks. Mirror service work is afforded free by. the utility, companies. For instance, ranges will be properly, adjusted to prevent the freeing of carbon monoxide. In Mint] plying edu scoot troo] readers of DR. B must com heating pli of the aitb in design, dent possi an enginee Housing J lie Healtl containing builders. ` to supply to every tradesman, home buyt for builde MR. B safety star nishings ir first is go - important regulation encourage be fiexibk and adeqt administrs strengthen yoii even 1 minister 1 munity? A secon by financ upon any fixations, apolts infi parallel c program. The tbi . administei des whid He respect writers' L MR. Vii Inspector partmeht. certain ty hotels, lot cases it i tain the c shaFs off proper fii combinati Home Safety x.; 191 /^Minnesota several companies are sup where part of. the building is subject to our ply J educational safety material to schools, regulations and the balance under, other law scout troops and. other organizations. Meter enforcement agencies. The State Industrial readers offer occasional safety' suggestions. : Commission can inspect hotels, and apart DR. BURNS: Additional., cooperation ment houses for the safety of" employees. must come from builders. Perfectly safe Nevertheless, for all this authority, the only heating plants are possible. At least a part city in Minnesota in which every dwelling is of the auto garage hazard can be eliminated regularly inspected is St. Paul--and St. in design. . And these are not the only acci Paul, which is one of the oldest cities, hav dent possibilities that can be eliminated by ing many apartment houses, hotels, and mul an engineering approach. The United States tiple dwellings,. by its nature- highly sus Housing Authority and the American Pub ceptible to.fires, has the seventh best safety lic Health Association .have publications record in the country. containing standards of safe, design for MR. BERRY: Even without official home builders. The Safety Council is attempting inspection, Minneapolis won an award in to supply educational material of this sort the U. S. Chamber of Commerce Fire to every architect, contractor, building Waste Contest last year, and -we are now tradesman, building supply man, realtor and working for home inspection. Many of our home buyer. A brief list of safety pointers home safety activities are conducted by vol-; for builders and buyers is in preparation. unteer groups. The Minneapolis Boy Scouts MR. BROWN: The enforcement of safety standards for housing units and fur nishings is accomplished in three ways. The first is governmental regulation. The most important things to renumber about coded regulations are that they must be liberal to encourage building; their specifications must be flexible to allow for 'technical progress; distribute safety literature and Maintain hy drants free of snow. The Girl, Scouts con duct a home hazard removal project The Campfire Girls learn how to live safely as part of. "living efficiently." A playground organization, "The Knights of Safety," pro vides safety training primarily through an advancement program. and adequate provision must be made for MRS. BRODT: Minnesota dubs incor administration. The last point can be porate both safety projects and safety ac str tthened by a question. How many of tivities in their program. Altogether, 35,250 . yc Jen know what agency or agencies ad-' dub members representing every county in minister housing regulations in 'your .com ' the state took safety last year. That is, munity? three-fourths of the total 4-H membership. A second variety of regulation is imposed .' Typical of their activities were the 45 safety by financing agencies flat refuse a loan demonstrations at last year's state fair and upon any structure not meeting their speci the more than 200 safety demonstrations at fications. Home, loan executives in Minne county fairs!. apolis inform me that safety and utility are MR. JAKOUBEKT: The Campfire Girls parallel considerations in their inspection during the. past year have nationally cele program. brated and worked oat their birthday The third type of enforcement is the type administered by testing and approving agen cies which owe most of their power to pub lic respect. One such agency is the Under writers^ Laboratories. . project entitled "Skillful Living." The Min nesota girls selected two activities: "Safety Through Home Handicraft Projects" and "Safety Through Knowledge of Contribut ing Municipal Agencies." Under the first heading the prls studied and rectified haz MR. WOLD: The Hotel and Restaurant ardous conditions around their homes by a Inspection Division of the Minnesota De direct contribution of such things as safe partment, of Health has authority to require knife holders, hot pads, securing rugs and certain types of fire escape installations on many other handicraft projects too numer hotels; lodging houses, and resorts. In some ous to mention. They also studied, under cases it is necessary that our Division ob the direction of experts from public service tain the cooperation of the State Fire Mar agencies, the proper care and use of elec shal's office in. enforcing compliance with trical appliances; gas equipment and water proper fire escape regulations, such as in facilities. Knowledge of fuse boxes, gas combination hotel and apartment houses. shut-offs and similar points were discussed and proper usage demonstrated and prac ticed. The g^ls also arrahged ^r erldKtSi talks and demwKtTations to adult%roitps. V The Pub^HealfoNmr^ In 'die seeded classification of . effort the toward "Skillful Lmng, die girls surveyed . home safetypoidxsi- Uteratureandexhibits. under guidance and in groups, variouspub- ' MR.JAKOUB^:^ lic service agencies to learn first Band abbot , RedtCzio^VtCpfaayB^c^^'dn^i^^.fjb^^ipaus^fpwair. the manufacture and use of the products jof' have pushed-torrirird m hoow safety through; these agendtes. -a- Boy Scoots developed their contribution ' have toward the safety of Minnesota primarily ;' through tite Rwl^ Gri^ through'the merit badge' program/Nearly . Acrident Preyoitibp PtogTajtn,.ltoine check 5,000 awards of this naturewere issued 'in lists, group discussipps/ testdKrs'lrrianuals, the past year on topics covering ordosety posters, p^^'-'radio;-;aDd "ne^.''piiMici^y.;'as allied to safety. ' well as directcontactoo focalized .arid spe- Added to this effort were norneroot pub eM'tezairife:-;;;^!;.:' lic service activities. The sale of 30^00 Through ^cebtofwhkh "GO-FOR-SAFETY- emblems to the citi-: hasdircet beariog tori aCTadent p zens of Minnesota to awaken and create' in Minnefota's Red' Cross Chs^iters mstriicted terest in safety..was oriel Distribution of 10740 ponsonsm 1939-im Red Cross Home and Farm Accident Pre :' t)R. BURNS: In tiie sdippls a committee vention posters and Fire Prevention Week - of home eooriomics teachers his noet and dis postern was another. A home check list for cussed means of injecting prindples of individual home inventory of hazards anda safety -into'botne ecoaontics courses. They check of hazards at troop tniceimg places decided .tw'.te'^peri^liiaeiiNU- developed modi interest among the hoys. ' saiy. (1) Reviswo of present curriculum Parades and . demonstrations carried ; the; oottmes\'.\4|vottgfqy^-pffnnCm maicnsu* beys' efforts to the attention ofadnlte, and ''arid {-t} fwjiiinfmg- atvf tratniny*>flir . many fathers recdved valnaMe irifoitnation With; the University of Mhmetota; Minfrom their saris when the boys conducted a . nesota Department of Edncation -arid tbe firearms safety program- for luncheon and; MinnesotaEdocationAssociation doing the socid groups cotnposedof men.' thebrizingaridtbe St PauI schools the ex The Girl Scouts work on projects related perimenting arerisedhoirie economics enr- to their homes and environments and create ricdumwaite devised. . exhibits and displays. - MRS. BRODT: ;The women's division of MRS. LaPACHEK: The FamityAcddent the Minriesota Farin Bureanhasadopted a- Survey of .the National'. Confess of Parents , safety program. Incidental to this evoy and Teachers was a boriie safety activity. home and comroumtychainnanbas received P. T. A. meetings everywhere in Minnesota safety material mdudmg;a copy of "Safety are often devoted to safety. Lately the de for Mirmesota lHomes" which is essentially mand has been particularly, for home fofety. .a program.: oatfiwi The result ;briefiy, is speakers, home safety movies' and" borne vthis': 33^565::faucm women, rqneseriting^that safety literatnre. 4 ^ numberoffarm families, are engaged in The Federated Women's Qubs^hrepro- safotywork/. !.r-. moting. home safety. In Redwood . Ffclls MR. ZEALAND : Tbe Minnespta lnter- every dub devotes 15 minntesof tygry meet communitylfoawSafetyC^ two ing to home safety, hi Duluth, a clafc con purposes. Itarouses .civic, concern for, the ducts a home safety snapshot contest The home acrident problem and U serves to de- Federation's State Fair bootb was partiy vdop standards. of community activity for devoted' to home safety. The Federation's thei convention program includes home safety. , .The contest isamatching ofbotrieacci' The American legimi Auxiliary devoted doit reands by poimla^ rates andcom- a convention session to home safety. . mrinity/hcmw accident premitioo.^ efforts. The Minnesota Home Economics Assoda?.. Towns and/dfiescrimpete in ,4 groups ac tion devoted convention time tohome;safety. cording fo population.. ADJOURNMENT ArritzovI Emerg? Vehich The Bridg ; : GKty 'l Eagle Sigi ; .Traffic Eastman! . Gamer; Employeri Workn The Genet ! FireE: Harley-Di ? '.Police Arbhul HoofProt Motor. Indian Me ; Police : Intenuitioi Accotm Internatio Lng-Ri Lumbernu . Anton* Medical S] The Metropplii tSfoH `The Natfa TheAi The Natid Postart Sana, Inc Slide F r.v'\