Document ZB024pvgObQDRgDNOmDQndJpY

/r*' r.L bblMM j.r. col* April 11, 1973 ittachad 1* revised vmloa of the "Letter to Maabanhl^ which Includes th* new point X. X *l*o suggest that we enclose copies of Senator Bart's Congressional Xeeord Statement of March 29th. j.r. col* Biclosur* ^6,03686 H * Draft - 4/11/73 Letter to L1A Membership Dear : The outcome of the lead in gasoline issue is of vital interest to us all. In the past year, evidence has continued to mount that the government has moved too quickly in its effort to control automobile emissions and to remove lead from gasoline. Your aid is needed to help convince Congress that the Clean Air Act of 1970 must be reexamined and amended to reflect the realities of the present state of technology and the relationship of environmental needs to other important national priorities such as the growing shortage of energy. You and others in your organization can help by writing to your Senators and Congressmen and expressing your views on the desirability of amending the Clean Air Act to permit a more realistic approach to controlling automobile emissions. What follows are some major points that could be made in your letters: 1) The Environmental Protection Agency position that lead in gasoline poses a threat to public health has been shown to be without a basis in scientific fact. 2) The catalytic approach, which has been the basis for the requirement of lead free gasoline, is no longer thought to be the system of choice from economic or durability standpoints. Other systems, such as thermal reactors with traps, could meet more realistic standards, such as those of California, and also control particulate/ emissions including lead. (_ i A 0 3 fc 9 N 739.01 .rfcSl. 23) Current measures to control automobile emissions including the removal of lead from gasoline will result in a tremendous drain of energy supplies at a time when the nation faces severe energy shortages. 4) Implementation of the present law will have an adverse economic impact on all segments of society from consumer to producer. Many members of Congress are aware that the Clean Air Act of 1970 is proving detrimental to the public interest. They need to know that their constituents will support them in seeking changes in the law. Your letters can help provide this public backing. .'Sincerely, ; Er*-ftohason LI AC3t 90 S 6196 f.ONT.ni-SSlONAL RF.CORD --ST-NATE March 2,1, 197 for tp*dorurMlcriUy m'U'.tifv*-fod Inter?. v, `Vr cliiTiiMiHy. roT 1 i fit i: y, and drlvihllltv <tf 'Hi to?> official* of thr Ao^ericin antouu fotnnnstion engine. C*crf*r.il M 'Mru iti-; the r.rw vvhlcl*' ., 'i A<lmlnl ti .u*r must bllo luiu iiry Ti^titly maluuia tn it ti produces * Ca t in whli'U liu'i-fR tb-icrinlne whether c**- not mi acditioual iiealHi oi their tndtuvry ts erticial io th> n .i vhe 1975 standard*. Meren'to .-M-mix , M vv.ifv can in fact nriilrve M:it. nurpo.'e. tloi's pro.prrity. Tbat reality dvs not pv and Honri* expect to nert tin* 1st an l tr !s In short, the Adi.lnl.t i a tor must d`.er- VP.-m iu-yord ;h.c law. nor dvj i: Juauf without s^non* cfT<cts on t r. .\t peru-vem- r.r.ce levels with tb* Hie Wa mk c I .uni the stretTicil charzo rukn*^. re .pcctlvLl'/. In foot, k p a hoi saul th.u : ed.v will nvwt the li>73 s' uuMiris w)U fm*! f. i;;nmy 12 percent bc?t;r than cnmo'.rn 177H ve inine :iut Ju h w!i.*t tlie liutu.ury : ay It Im irs to do, but w :u` t'.'.a InduaLry la will in' (ocummth if o 1 f !->d If tlie Act u ni..trvt'-r J'.twts that the hi;v C. vr\'> i)->t nrriuii. suilicu* nt ffov.htllty to pur "e fhn-,e 1. rid., of c^mimr moothe shotjJ,! utikc apuc inrinte icv- their dictating the terms ou which they wh operate. Over the past halt century thLs lodu^ir; Iia.^ dcmonslrutisd uificnuUy ai d enteipri.* in faslunning an automobile which bott whet .rd and catered to the co turner * ao* hicles, ar.d t'.:u Mvrcciic; wi.l mw i the 1975 on'in<?iKlal Ions to Un- peUto for comfort and convenience. We huv* standard* with tuel tr^nonw 75 percent The auto com?'vu~x hwe tmlicated that ashed It to assume the hith reir>o?.si.>liiti letter ti.au canvcutiouit vehicle'.. iln-y inii-nil to t. .`X a riithuc m the i;uv re- of turning that mr ?* caoaoillty to tite serv- Honda hm al*ii publvty k I.v .i- i that tMy p.udio'" <4 the Ai.n tiv.-.'.va'or'a detl .'.nn on Koof couutry'a health. c k o o c i to rucet the 1970 sU\:.: i.(1. In rk.itlon, f. Mercedes-Benz die-el npp.vrt-:* lly liar, been te-d.eU and. found to nm.*t the 1970 Wic tj.u.dmp eMfif :.r.'.nic f. A . far ws I ;*m c >nc Ti-cd. nuy cl.auce In tlm la.v will he o\en ;v,rr' sharp.y fv*ouscu on And what u tuelr response?--Th?e are saying that the disease U uot grave enough to warrant the co3*o of cure. And. using slAttdftrd*. The U:i!& argument U th-t p: wt closure.* ril( be i'r-rvii i>Ie unless the poverument relaves tbe enforcement oC the law. 'Him. Vi'C Industry i.s trying to ue the livelihoods of tV'iidrcr.s of thousands of wml;-rs as a huge bftrcfcUiidi* chip In i:* sUu.*"ie with the -over.intent. But the truth Is that If plant closures should be threbtened V will > 2 hetaui.e of bad business ticeklo:'* of <'.>:-\p\ny maii- wlmt nu; t he dene i nc!iieve a clean car. What th! . country ii entiled to 23 ft fuel eniciciu. dean car winwa is duralxe, driv- i:hle. and economical, 'l l a*, must be ih-* obJfvtlve of the industry. Until now v.v have .r 'emoted to reach that ( h)cctr.by 3e;t:nq m-. .*'...*j n :e stanctiuda fur the indusuy r.i;hp ti\a:\ tk'/yn s*avdr.rrts. We l.:.vc rtrpeuccd <n tl'cir evaluation* of then' own techn.;!.>.y. iJui. ao.v *. iuive learned li'.;:' our reliance o*\ U;e Industry w.s th*ir enonnmw weight In tha produrtivo sec tor, tiu-y ftpiV'ar to ba Jss*uii;^ all of u* an uUunatmn. They say. In e:Tect. that the price of proirc`ln public health from air pollu tion is an utuhinkab'e dislocation of their industry and the American economy--tint the public hcal'.h l* Inconsistent wi'.b the health of the Industry. The American automohl' Industry hor bocft on notice for a decade that air pollu tion !s a grave natlorji*. concern, that tha nr-'mer.l, r.M requirement* of the Clean. Air Act That U the context in which the manu facturers are p: * Iti'W.Pig for mi-c lu > pi light of the ptr> <; '.! ".'' r ! the uro Industry !u rv ;-tine.ad:..v ^ circun.- venting k v j lo cunu-.-f -,v ; v i ;.e c. s it u s . I ho pc that the Ao .r of in* nviiona:u i rou*et;ou A c; wail ex amine Vie ir. I.ulf.i uj'i; < t Jcr.:t the W-';**; of ,u has ir.r.r.-.ed 1; " ;r. facUu . , ' . >c*.'K * h to the '.a w . In a:.v even: v:c s'1 : or*. evu/.nm carefully the rations of i in; l-.ilusirv s apparent f.iMirvs c-r* Jir.ui.m s.i.--' -is, md consider the ;''^-IhUHv of e. .'v. L j -u t d>';- trcls or r.w:c:;.->otic ?- -a 'ormru^e. The Aclirv: '.r.':>r . : - r- * . ,' i with a d:7i . i *. V. \ n ilw v.:;; r r>: rsot a d u c -iv t c .ton--.; i. is \. - t * -* m v.Ren. When the auto manufacture--, arpu^d i>^snist ci Ml ?i t< t:.>..'7i'.ur'.,s auto -!, 'i'.ns s* amlmiU r.i t'' ' 1 --'. t':o ''; :a^- k -.r 4 l !v- A" ... :".:o : -e-Ur- 1 . p'-:iu' iiv.^ ; .t:*. ;i|-."f.! ^'f wi'h r.i~ci- ^orii'r. p-j '-.I `hm : '!.nv.e( v. on hi r.; the . :.:n. p-.r.,- lo irr'-M- r.'.'lv n\ -s; ,..:va .w-.h v. . tn i.e.'-.j.-n c:; w -re pretf ahtc to r.d'i-'.n uv.i'q ;.'i *n . . cat .ly l."h in i.-i tur c' o :, <>: tue hW.j- '.* cv-\.-h.iu--. the-r. u-.-:. .- ur-.-t . p.n* t.vjh- ;nq ti.e .* :\r :rY:' thu: h'.'.e ne. 'T r. ; .1^: ; '.1 1 'f V`. iVi'.' lO-the I. a ;:.] ; . 1 m.-e. t;.*.* ('r-r..-,: Hi1..- ; c c idvT v. r?.'.. .'. . ic;- uu/,;ue m*>'or vehicle Is a major coiutimu-'f to the crisis and tnat Cohjres* Is n5*-'.-. rd to rr- p^'C t.-w req'.urerne^ita neccssiry to pre*t--ve li'.o no- health. The t.'irtwjfr.y /;*i: hod the n unit y jor a dr**a?fr to cie.xn v o ti.e au--in:V)ih v.r.h only generv. sup?:.-iv-.*i fro i th.^ r-v(l:*ra 1 government: standard; u.ue -.nance. r*<t desijn. 71-;: -? ui'" - Ir.tW con:- >'.s r.cv: appear to h:-ve ^.*'n ::'.ui1'- cyrite Tat fu-`.!ier ^teps thav 1 hi.'" >-> cd ut iv he i:e-*es*arr--hc:atn* ;v_* .vilve the automotive .air pollution t-D-ilcm, and solve k wichou' making the ruJhc n.-v for iha b du^wy's mistake?. ^ > it falls to Industry--mo*t of all bcatr*^ of i: v??t I'uporfanc'--to Add i ? ryo*xbih. .* to re ,*'or.itv .-nv;'*. Tli ? sire of t :e i* . .:.*.. h:5c lu:lr?;r> Itself requires of it; le." 1.- i the dcu.'e of tvjb'ic rcspoi; Jollity. Dtiring the 1970 ''on^iier.W!: n of On a Ik 'V requir.a t: the hidnM- / -A-.w control of io:hr -M.-',; i- :n-t \h-. f-.Uil cA :b hive . . ih.u c.. r.-.ul i' J:; ^ i m.s . *.* ,. . .Mr A**' In the Sc^.'te. I ss?d. "D.`;rv*.: ' <cn p .. ur '. r -.... tv J i`v n:.`ho tiiat Am.4r::rji c'-o-.J h 'e *' " v. hi h *.ve wi'.hov.t r!.e avavr.ebilo. Tins legUhk wut v i'-..id l In tt.e : u-' .-j*.. and that the Academy ( hvicm'c*; has not found alte- i\ri; c.~. Tlie public la'cre.it doterntiu:' 1 icn will not be easy. It wi'I rcqufrr unor* than t-n : *af/Ji . of the lmp.i ~.t of li.r possible so ; of op- .* n-o le -i ece-r* uiy, mid we v..i; ne^d to - * othe a.'v-r.v* v.'i for iir.]nov,n:: the conm*-re e( the jndu; *. hue ;''!!) . >.-u ft!. 4: ' .4- * t-j L!' C*. "ir. Air \.-t tr.u -t, ;"t *. < w ; ** 'C.-y to eu'.uro tell D'-ron iha- If that u the c^-s. they moat cxvhe at; automohlle with which ! *.;>: n; .ir.i can live." To that I would only add one mot a th o'.'irht frc*nt U mry Tori. "Our Invar .hJe reply to `It c^n'[ bn done.'"* he vrate. is `Go do It/** erfttiar.s ot n* or more mam.' < . t.-.rs It will require more ih.v.i :.n >.naivLis of the iTrp"t of delayed iu<nd: u of model ., or of the i:nr. n r: tr.j platinum for ratc.:y::ta fro;*.; It;. - ... ; .t;-.u Afnea, or of the wnpact c-f r " hr-perf*'t technulo;? on e .c r^y t.'-n.-ump- /..i. Any test of 'he nuh'lc lut -r t murt laclxule: cvn :> . -oo of v.vi* ''. r ,1 v > , ~ can In; / in /* -fee for a <;. v..r c;-:J ..- s`.on. Ik ludv `t1r7 tbM r * r. ip no-" t to r.iia lytic s;,-s c.r.s to ro1.c v = V.illiU- Is no; In ih.c p 'bile llU-.T.'-.I v l" " \ cxten-I on of li me to per:*-;'. \ : f , I" ' . f \ u .-viv '*e to .h.`. \ e;.''.ea r, *c`i :*. *.v ,, Jo: vy r.nc\ C ..if-, rma. v.-.'n h. e -'Vr:*.,,- I .*4/ '..he crui.'a:'i:i r .; tr-el niw vcu.;*. o.\ th..- a a '''-r Die in eon.- t rail in : t::n' m?\> trie . a;;c-*>r . Vo. u-s vpr.it- h._: wi'e-a thru** bmui-.-u!- >. We :..ay p-tve tu uu *.h ' tiie P'-'.eral r.Ue in : *. i . ..i*. th< nen.1 :i:ui ur-in..- f----- ' umui> ji-` . ' :> ;h^ e? -ion co:n r h vy-.t 2.u :. V.v .*.. t.- h - t I;^ prohibit'*,n ;unt cm., orh ' ^i.Rh u r .* h.ci i. hr- le- y ".''c: / : t : - : -U c>\:. ' I'-n.r. -- :'ih i.-y1 e'v . ..i'1 ty ;:i;ri.vi -- AUTO T'"=irTONS STATlDAHDo: DO TKV TTLL ?.TAiw2 SEN'SS? Mr. FiAriT. Mr. President, ConTre^^. v.% wi'.s by th? authors of hie Co.t- r.titution, m-i.'.Is to be tlie most tentative \>r- rq h M iroterameut. Uc2:-\Mc vi A'i 5i23. became of f1'/.1 di- v^r ky of philo:ophy roprese:Uei iierc, be: <k'C of cc\'^ urnnliy couPittln'r rc- b'io.wi '.ir.1. po.itkal intr:e.-:. Cci.gve'-c ;r. a pot \vtur`rc Ij-^islcvtive ir.s"C:i`t md to .`..nnr.or -'av. ly until the;-' tvra m^:s- ^ .rem The Admin,`.srntor must r<> ) -,op I p,n premise. J!** 5!`..ui't (!' '. r: iiiC v i.er ij * Industry's t-:.........vi.. *.-n r\ r., r * ' t a r!ire< lon .. Is in-; r.. ih :.i- p : teTest. nr.U wherher there Is a in m:.; pnr. - bltl^y that a ''ue-y^ar oxtomu n ..ill In 'art U.-'4 nrc--. i,r ti . -i ileal**.. And. H'trJIy. -e .. .h t lo a .sure that ft'" v.-.*v a e :u v -. . :y i,,ii m-: u>, -I hy trie K-n- W`- ( .*n- ' r *. 1 ; L > v, He-iry !' -nl si.'i .`h./u: hh> "'.ichl-* "rv,; .''*. in e .- 'v.h.*r ; '* : r i C-f hi.j . .>;. ..".iv H<: r.-v-ho titvtuii.hnblc in the gruel that firally ar rives at the tabid. j hi.s. In balance. Is Cn?. Pvryra'r.^ do r.i7':*i :*. l.r-'.er ('.anc? if th" 0,4): Ji M rector's` !v. ryy;,t toeth are blunted. Xfinoi'ii v pkilo^o^hr. ; should have a c^rcc* t.\ciMute the o*vcl.mu' a; i:ctiou o: "*'...' :''i.. ' Ah.vuf. r uer ,a of inpuen::. Hy-icaal intcu-st* s!iouit t f aKcr..v.i;v r;, itcan-.. a hie.-: i o>v . - . a i!v. i , f Innh. .; , ;)ri not l*c iotally ignored. The indua'.ry ha., argued thet sn i vtunuUm would provt !: t une u> ci *veio(, u.- r,* ?'< : c.Tiner.t r.i;'/ -l v -i.t.M - . IfUUs. 'Ihv* / ".'I ... .: r,k> C r ;<1.- \v>ither or : . that i. \ \ . v i., h ^ rejihl of an < *. * The lnd'iairy >:n*: orip ru ti.^l . L^n .i iu th '*v.-in-', vf ..re.lhe/*, and In* p.il |, ; iimit . - s,r hTt n-' : - . n . } e it . r . . . i . . > i . ' * i-n hu- - to a.; t ,.i i.t.- nu.r.hv. Ilj> J> J!V;'.-d m JmhVm libs Our problem very' often is that one*' !.v ; pi, h.-'l . op. p.r IU") tOl- iu ? i:...iiio:i w.fh Rll th? iw-vo.'- 1,1 i ;?nd nsh c ti con- lihri.hoo-.-; tucked in, it must succeed or failln I hat form no matter what tdujiues would provide an opportmuiy u< hpiuc only .. i ho c..u Ml it in circumstances may befall it. LIAO 3691 N 739.02 HUireh 29, 1973 COIn GRTSSIONA]. RECORD -- SENATE SG1D7 Congress somehow finds itself with lit tle ability to adjust. lo trim, to add bal last or remove it once the program lias been launched. The war o:i poverty might be cited as an example. It was ncUnttfKily a some- whal emotional concept .siruyUired into legislative form. It was a somewhat un certain craft--tending at times to be cranky and inefficient hut It w:us never theless an inspiring sight as it set out on its rescue mission. Some parts of it waited. Some parts not. But Congress never really restruc tured it. cut tins oil tite iir.im::i!<r -in.purs and providing a bettor compass. And as a consequence. an inaenstitive administration--citing the program's deficiencies--finds itself iiolitically ride to scuttle the whole concept of a uniiied poverty program. Certainly, it Is our obligation--al though an admittedly difficult ore in vie-.v of the nature of the body in which v.-c serve--to rnte sure that the [ira?rerr.s we enact f.rc not made rapidly of 'dote by clrtuniotance, not made ut.reccgnv.able by bureaucracy, not left to s hi tluoueu uncertain seas without ;ui oc casional chance of c o it .-c 0: ` "1. All of tins is a rat'n r v .j iv ./ . r-- . to my re''>:e.m.!'V'"'y> ot pv '. are soon to oescev't on ur.--. . tern - ryucrated by the liW> cns.N.'r. ' t i Clean Air Act. When we pa.? -?i * i at l.vi ia.N!*.' in bf us--with co:: i:i s-rdi.e juv. ,";f*.* L:OP. I think--were par. iiL'l.'.i; iy se: . i'^c t.- the distortions 0: r jTl'Cs.n' Ii. 111! I'I't that often rf-<ult w! *c*I'i ^ P'.M :C U'V i' passed tiir ju .ii r. bv..VQTXW 'i .nic ii:U-r. Previoiui:-', in ma" c:*.5 0: h- .r.ji, Coil- prtss has l-f. the t w'.i.--. ci discover:.' and enfevea:'.;- w ex ecutive Ur- itch. We traduiouqlly let them f.-uro out what the dancers are mul -..nut en forcement levels arc needed t y nr-ct ihe dangers. This time, yv decided that v.e would be the technicians. that we woul' determine the reqiu: enver.M and set standards far m.t j the future. So we did not iev.e much cl vii'Jrt to the enforcing aietuncr. i;in!i the ship but before we pu died it c hour shore, we set the sails, ve ioM-d u>.; rudder, and sent it on it, vra;.- and:-- the guidance of a largely aid :>m Ux ptM. But nosy it is (!;/ our re ... : -ip , to monitor that sy.yaae closely. I h<...g ve can do that and m.dte wh.it.-ver .aiiu't- meius that loci; may der.mrd v.mt undue loyalty tc the cirri niT. Con gress made under other cirev-vi ..'iv.-.s in 1970. My suggc. 'iou that the art h- p mined will not. I horse, be r tt.il'- . w u becnu.e I am tl-.e server i,-, Michigan. It is h a.-'hat :ny-- y. ;,tv Is hcavtiy ittvob.od m auto.mo'm.-.i.u- Ii'Cture, but I ;hm'; many will recognize that I am mi p- . a ,e;y.r- lle in the b.i udio.Mi,; of d m In fa t. 1 have m ievp ol : *'v o' .* i -(lur 1 hat til" c; i . r ' , ! ..... v.i ... is In no .' -.ah > ivy I y ... ! on the p. r: ei tba imp > i:. . , t Ui-jiuseiv?.,. They had little or no re.-por re to early pollution warnings. Moreover, it is un deniably true tlict the no-.-famous Cali fornia cor. c.it decree r :t s :. :. i umt of- feted .strong evidence that the companies did. in fact, ro. ...pna1 orially dreg their fret on poiliili'-su rsturol. it nil hit be .'".sltil.-.biy said that, had the atilo companies in 1070 been more highly thought of in regard to fairness, vuegrty and consumer concern, the Clean :r Act may have pas-od m a more inodry ec form. Ti:c Amme.ii auto industry certainly lias not been mued for individual inno vation When U moves, it nl::i'.al.vava moves in lockstep. n cui'inete.i-fic com mon to concent rated industries. Nevertheless. I find myself in accord with i be National Academy of .'sciences, which niter it,-.owing the energy, eco nomic and impact of Uw act, reeoinmc'.Hieu: Ttcz' n'r.ST, rrre so core.p'.ex mul im- portMU. if at .- .run'.;' 'e- ure-s :'i rorlv ena *.Ih i. <i: .ii p.:.rn::i.V ion bv Fl'A i.i.rl ti.e .iczrtrrr.v ot -U i.-pzcls of li.e motor .ei.iclc stand'.r.is ev i. b;l..'c2 in V : ru n All -m-a.lis'Us or ia,M--ttoir yi emiscs, ur.'ie ivi- y o .sm-tylioo-,, t .i- goals th.V, vi'rt tis nr.d : \,r luterylay r.a.1.14 lfu? I: r*'? p;. I:.: ..TO .-.y re.1 '.C ./ ea f: - w ;:i y . 1, .Jit ct ttie r.'-.v.si.^l d-'.Soy.-ti In f.i s.t ' i . i.rrr Is'.ir-'.'-. tbrf. -U a r0_ . ...:y ..i ,ru ocr.fi tr e :r*.x-.vr.1, .laUie lu rS.v.: ,s rr.o: r c.ri.r.:' a contol die- in .r.y 1: . r 1 r ..v,...t I .. r ;.i.. 1 i\--J i.'.'u iv d rrvv-.rs - :..:: 1.11 t'-v..'y. V.'.iy i; i. apu: t;.ri.v` fur us to now : re inline : hr' 1;' a act5 . e V.: \ a .no :: is :y .3.-:nylv cvhcerned ab.'.ut our eiirr. v runyti-j', if now : -r.i-ar.s tthe vs:c:ns mod hecly to h ' r-t:.reu to :-a irui at .if.it it: '.ind- 1 . f - \. ''il require full . .".1.0.10111- V. c ehb ii.'i c r j :ve...;vl r.l '-..cv -- however t-.nt.-.t', --of iV.e tl-yg e to v.if,.. j J._ '.'.if biui., loved by Ire cnd-.'V.'o rt-rv yi'iih .'.f tre ret; thus ti: coit-b.-i::fii r.'tlo is dulicult. If act vpr-.'.."fh-:-, I-- eampule. If i;Kiu.'t:y rad ye .ertvaent do net de- view lr'.m :;:e>iiu. foursi:. is np- y.::y-:it ia,; C-:.\y. nc-'dvd to crirg cyt.i tu-.o - .yip ... v.e v. .til 1P75 "nd If)7t> rc't::-. ment: fd ab.-.ut ff.- ro the pvte.g o an at:' ,s Ti.e rens'.x.p itting out the e (i-f m v lh *. ' y -e ,y -f m a. y- bf' jaeii'- ly .v.-.a. btu-fiu v. u' accrue t.j It- n.-elv M.a '.a..-:: i s.re'i 1 lev J : not sure err . : -v.eis c.hl 1 e very r .fu.tory, cw.wi^hy to th.-t per- C' t (; Me thruf. . . ;n bjticr. .n, living i a:r .a ..n .... Te n'.o.c. :n ; ad .'..ncei r.*.'/ on the irmii ..rear- y : .. < y . 1 i'.. vr prirr - rci-wri. - 1 j'.f. ;r.l by private f r. 11.: 1 '..a I of. rt : -r --1nUi- mii"r- ('.':uii.' - . 1 ;".t : thf..:r.i', of nil cr ' ' g : .. --May rul bo :a"ii..'Ml il. ,-d ;hJt vc earlier lb u: a' it 10 I r. if 1 ifti'. (> u p. a L.e.ihnrak a . 1 , a r: 1 . . .. a. :., r ' .1 I r.. 1 '. " ' ti'ly. J..)... ...v tilt*. ; 11.1. y n.-.w r.r'.ini ri litni the .a'.iudi v m la u mi- - t.iiie in us prr.ucten.l rii'vid.on to the vuii- vmticnal Internal combustion tngino. 'lhe iiiiiomoUve genius. Charles Ketterm:. would have understood that. ft was always his contention that in a factory there is nothing harder to sell Ui.h i a new idea. The essential problem as I see it Is that wc are at present locked into a course that will require additional expenditures by the consumer of at least $2 billion 3 year If catalytic converters are standard equipment. It is possible that the total extra car expense may go even higher than that if increased demand drives up gasoline Brices. Many experts In the oil Industry, in fact, are predicting gasoline prices of il a gallon, the cost being propelled up ward by no-load requirements and by the inc reased consumption required of pollu tion devices now being contemplated for installation. Tite National Academy of Sciences concludes that: T] .3 costs, la dollars and In depletion of fuel reserves, arc so great that they should serve as a national Incentive to hasten tha ilcvcloyiiient of reliable lower-cost a!tem\ti'.-os :o no d' al-citaiyst system as a solu tion t i tlie p: oiilem of emissions control. rertairly, everyone will agree that they should. But will thc-y? In view of Mr. Kettering's law and in view of past periuru: in.-C. vse cannot at tins tune proailsa the consumer that the industry, once the du:d-cafa!/st is comfmtably in place, will quickly :cci; to replace it. But if v.e are to require the consumer to spend an extra f2 billion a year, we hrve to pror.tite him something, right? V.'e almost have to be able to pledge, dj we not, that the 1975-7(3 emissions .',t.tr.darc!s will make his environment either Healthier or pleasanter or bath. Veil, v.e assume the environment will be healthier in some selected parts of the country, particularly concentrated urban areas. No or.e is sure, but we think so. On the other hand, evidence indicates that in most areas of the country', the r.c'.v er.U.Mior.s standards won't make a mint of ciilfcrenco. We might as well face if--' n our present course we will sooner or later be compelled to tell the auto owner in Ocrmfask. Mich., why he has to pry $272 more for his car because db U-.nt ctfit-s that he has no prospect of there are serious pollution problems la visiting. And lie might ask some embarrassing que.':':. ns. I..: ini: bt ask If the last, and most ex pensive. c:v.iviionx controls are repily nccM.My from a health standpoint. I!;- might a'k ii local pollution ontt :e 1m iv .i .lit not te mere efficient!y and .. arc eh.tm-iy ; . thralled by local re'.ulaInn dtJiqttCd to cut buck auto traffic. V, i.g. ;:t ask. for example, why a frddcr-.l pm eminent worried'about pullut--n m Washington. DC. might not suni'-v pi.ihi' if iii ' ire i f at least jeovern- . s 10 riv! > *' ry.i'.i i-jALM* . ;. Ii 1 0 1 :. i..':t . k w!tv \ .- are net more . tivily pia- up tor mass transit system.. Ill: '. irkeil 111 f . Ife might point out that a mandatory LI 403692 I S CIOS COXGHHSSIONAL UHCOKn -- SI-NATU March 29. 1973 Inspection" Wtovn that insl. trd on vrlltuned nuto enr-jnrs in Imii-poiiut u>n areas could reduce hytiior;nbon and monoxide emissions hy id iik ! 40 ycvcvm at a cost of pcrlvns .15 r. r:r. II we slay on our picscnt c curse. v.c will also have to prepare a otvonu ms for prcrcntatiOii to fanu'^s of low and middle income. All the r-dditional co.-fs demanded by the 1975-76 :'.cps vml represent a .sizable pontnUv:.- of thnr income when car-buymn i*me coi.ics around. Those families will have a riyht to know precisely what bench's ^ ill accrue to them and the Nation as r re-nit of the extra chanxs we require them to pay. Once again. I quote from thy Academy report: Wherens pollutant emission \r. undrT.ir.ible anywhere, emissions control d.K-s not appear, today, to be ts'intial on the l>. is c,i cdlto:* ebsentially i:ct:'ciic or health (K:sr i-.iciT,*. ;o:i In large arcr.rt of the nation. Indeed, overall, raturnl production of hv- drocarbons. cswbt-n mnr.oM:'*'. : nd pern. rs nitrous ox.de fur exceeds that ir<'m r/.r.i:mado Bonrets. In view of ihe costs to the n.vion, in col lars and In furl cmsuniption, of cr-rlv mentatlon of the 1976-7G aai.i- lion seems v.r.r:;t;'.ud 10 1 !).. n- < temporarily c ofe-re'.he *' ;P/.i c:: . - eions only m ihoic spec;no urban r-r .m. \,,:c .< air quality is i:nov. n tc be nevr ;.. . r-.hc<.-.-c. by automcir. e 11..lesion?, ic.r:\.. ~ ?...* wir.tl Impkrrentat.cr. rrn t "it re r : c '.! file r liable, rclaUVxhy u.c ^y.cnsi'e . , ^ : ^ trol systems v hicjj exact no I .1 p :.uliy. What the Acadrmy is snyinr. I th::il:, is that the t>:t:a test of nmc-t.-tni emis sions control may l;e c: sy to cxi.-i.m to the fellow in I.os Ar.grips hu; c:.;: r:ne;y - difficult to tv, ::-.in ;o tl'.e i.-H.v.- in 3 .:y- ette, Mies ., or G^rmfusk. Mich. It is undent? biy true that vc hrv.- pent-need sesiov.s o-ttbrcai:-. oi )< '-hiiit-n in a number of urban areas }>ut li tb. is an outbreak of rabies in. y.-. a do, m cities, is it it -.- -.-'n a Lie to in; ,?t that cv evy- one in the nation undertake an evpen- sivc and inconvenient series of innocu- lations? And if we think it. is, do v.e net have the duty to prove it? And certainly a fellow who 'nnrjiij to ba employed in making cars v.ll have a light to know precisely what 1- / aided in return for whatever rccluerd demand re sults from the ir' her prices. After all. hundreds of l`ir rant's of families depend on the tit; to .rh '' y for their livelihood';, their very survival. We cannot re:Tv>ri>jiy coriimie > a hasty onu unfc-itain ccur.c that may damage their initrc-t* nr; \ c are v r v p05.ilive that, th i: nr '.v,h .uiMifk-.-j by mensural'! be.-.-:', is to .-r,i oiy. In 1070 and 117?. we dm n.it bu-.r t\ a great dee! of time to tin- ., t-heiH-'r questions. live;; one was in . , ,.r ir ; principle of t.'11 -r air so v.e :;:.n- to ahead tow ard that goal or. i!.- ra-n; t f whatever jnfor.Trition we i on!.-.' rerr lx together at, the thne. Cut once the rests of that t'canev air are applied, all ino- c* i-jv- a.p i; to c'^ne. . ; 1 ,. ^ deserv.ng Ir- ma: r.s'- . i . It n.iyii! . . r; ,,i')| ii..f. . t ,!.. :.;^ir,t .;t to note that there is ir-i.t ; ; 11\> . underway to del ermine the lei.ihoiu-lup between health and tmlrsiona. However, ft is my umlcTMindirr: that the study, la iny rom!t:< led by i PA. is no! scheduled lor cops letion until tlie end f t tliis year. t-,oiiicor.fi mi"ht a! o a l: v.li. lhcr r 11 tie e espensne c;evi(. ; wiil re:.Hr work once iiv-talied. I gvr.-vs n>> one really hmnvs. If tiro (Ivviees go out. then the companies ..re .supposed to lee.'il them lor sai vice. L*ut the owner is not n r imd to accept the oifer. r.r.d v.e cap ju: tiliably , ts tli.it nr ny of them v.ill not. i'o that Kn-.cs the :necter of millions of i ms e;iIrving o.pcie :\c. and ucclet., i oit- tro! meeh::r.:cn.s. More m-.i.ertainty ir. injerted by the appearance on the horizon ci newer and ClCl! :n r powerplauhs that. may oflor chf-; \\'cv r i!rrnati res. T he qui t:Ion mu*;. r.h-o lo iT>r<r;d rs to V.hcUicii .'.x c;.n v;-* > de'..ver r. :t ! )I o- cine r. i mr.!n .on: oi po.; .hioti liov;;r<-;s lo r- i\y<) r.y t iins Ii'i e> hi^ 0\'i tho ]v - 11)1 ii: y '01 ro: " M-htioo rmn U jn;i.e ul:'.cinvcr.-i r,i :iuihr \ i \ ;.r 'e: iti*:.':cn pi ob'c: n n)>rar 'y be- - C' ` hv. i:v * i:.uhi.'n y. 'i ,!(mo r rc v.j.lC-' *. ' - ' tils i WC* VI01 -h be ir:*f y :le to !, LriV i r- ,cn em iion- :or; 'r,. 1 i h ;: ;-i ; >< t p < - M'.-.l '' ::C CiCs. i. Air ;V ` .' ire::'" *: fl. j. it y v- : i! ; * / V hr.til.- ; a 1 v. t ii r. tho \ . ' r,{ f.t W ~t, , t:*e <:; <T j i l j onpve \u' T > i i C i. v. w --V e:. ; v-.o :.\0. -1 yc:~z i i ,i! I I'O'-V t ' it wc . o r; - ;:m -:i th c cx- I ' ' - 'h ur- 0: hlh.ryr; l't ini pm p j e or \o i ;.il , D f lie (/:: -i e;r ci.-: viii } ;:r. e hoon u..: 7 ! L .a bl:;\v lrcrn V. i 1 ih )Z v ill be hi'-'; I ,V U. leeot; T 0c r , it 1 1 0 O' i;ma- .-ir U u, r. 1 l i:* ;U ' ; .. t - ; he eet's ; t .- c'. n lo '1 M a 'ihicn) ;l..v1 '.'v. r\ j ji.i'iO r.. l l* : ..'.I i : *! i in.* v. w ;o rc . ti re. 1". -t ;;n 'Coryrc-- ' i- - ve tr. c''ei' j 11 i i t` .' "-'i r; h r lisC c:;n:::' : '- sh.oi ll ri bo j:.i ! 10 li* 1: t ci nev.' c - .t'ci.:rr >..(r:s . Ar.ci 0".^- Cm-'. ' s cxn :V) C llV:; he an. V or . h o: U'. I 1:P0 .. n .if mO:C c<>m- for:-; to pictend ih.v. c.'v icri'ia'ion, o:\i-2 (Voiv r.'.-.'.d, di.h;.ied, and c-'..vif.pi, t- n be rafrly er.tnvtc.i to hie age-. :>,o rv.e v. hi iek the a| pen. pure of iioinsr t j ne res-t ..p .suin,iy tlpit is no; l.< U: m impi a: ri.-li rcrard. The trot;' V v. r.ir the ; < 'I'pr.nies is that cvei;- time you. i r ri r.;.:i to lisuir t :p c .. ,"L.c; > " ; I-'..: iwv. .k ;i- 1 e: me - -,.:e it cle.-.r i t.te 1073 act ) .is ;f. ' n .- _:r.c- very : e.oti lv ii'.' d the rroi'i . air j'oilnpon is in/. ed !.y any i..y: V, is'"ever eo, v ' :. '' l ma. ih-hi all vi--ppe on ...- tire c-n j. -i-ir.--.. 71 \vc yes - Ip a -- r- ; . . -vf'imd i re. vs i. s is : : s i ; iai vre i 'Ufi-il., ;., ;l i..s . . 1.;,. . i. u- nir'.e .-.-.re <t when we po-:h. it i '-s e.ru a t'i ss-'s ,i '! -usdion lh..`. v.e : (ainr :i i i :sj hsv- in, i. sounc. fs. I-ben `.'A r. ;o. It iv here 0- ' - s to f-io', i.h t hi: . v _ i.:.'-.. . :id . v c is. ? ,t know.' What np'.waieri In th" public interest 3 years jfo demands cvm.toul inonilor- Ing if the public interest of 3 years lienee Is to he served. We should get at it--and qtilckly. DII'fXDMATIC RELATIONS WITH CUBA Mr. McGEE. Mr. President. I ask unanimous consent that there be inserted In the II Econo at the conclusion of these remarks an article from the Chicago Tribune of March 22.1973, reporting the results ot a Harris poll on establishing diplomatic relations with Cuba. The poll shows that 61 percent favor such action. 33 percent are opposed, and 1 Cl percent are not sure. Significantly. 2 years ago a similar poll showed 21 percent in favor and Cl per cent opposed. Thus in the last 2 years, there has been a marked shift of public opinion on this subject. This poll provides further evidence . that that opinion Is changing with re spect to Cuba, not only in latin America, Lat also in the United Stales--every where. ti seems, except In the State De partment . Tiic Subcommittee oil Western Heniis;ilie.e Adairs of the Foreign Relations C-m-.:rii`.ice intends to explore U.S. policy tow 3rd Cuba further in the coming w.vks. There being no objection, the article v.'.-vs ornoi-jd to be printed in lire It c o r d , as follows: Nv.'.v Fa v o r f o r De t e n t e Wit h Cu b a (By Louis Harris) Tsy .fl Ir, 33 per cent, a majority of Hie Auv-ri .11 p-.-piv f,Ivors tho United States` n c-.: vbn-,'iL..:: diplomatic relations with CM.- ro C'tif.i" This mr.ri.s a complete turnaround from Urn Gl to 2: per cent opposition to 6uch rtcognition of the Coromuntr.t regime in Cui.a recorded by the Harris Survey in early 11)11. In m:ct-Fcl)i-uary, a cross section of 1,513 hou chaids was asked: "It is argued that with the war in Viet Nam over and with relations with Communist Russia and China gelling t atter, the I S. ought to reestablish oipioimiu- relations with Cuba. However, oiiicrs s.iv that as long as Cuba Is under Casito's communist rule, we ought not to hare f.i:yihlw; to do with that country. All In all. do you favor or oppote the Uii. es tablish.;:-- diplomatic relations with Cuba?" Jin ptreent) fr.or Qppwe Net wie t t: it,/. l*5t..................... . Jill............................. V' d.t ....................... ........ tw e '-dtr-'itcn: f. fi H'K-. Of |-35______ __ Hi e. . `.b:l................ C Bj- pri u< PU*J< C30. . ..... ___ . - Dtmoraitc_______ ........... 1 : "'{.' 'Ji.iiJ______ ? VOI . - .;;1 Ntion . .... ... V .ir..I U\, .............. 51 IQ lb 4f. 14 <1 4j b 4 4/ U 12 57 33 32 29 39 31 13 3/ r< 3G 3G <h 35 21 16 18 16 15 13 20 \1 n 16 17 u 15 1G A t'- c t:..r/ h:.a lnh.cn pbv.c hi lb'. 'ii V.-.-A-'.-. hue.:- and CI 'M;. i.l Ji-i.i n i'ia .iiii; vi . a : n.;.)v.r : ogmont tu' ti.e ; '.puia I loo across the country l.oar lavius tnploiiiati'; recognition of the Castro rovcrnm;-nt. Kc.cully, of course, the United tstates and LIA03693  HILL AND KNOM'LTON. In c . MEMO TO: SUBJECT: April 6, 1973 Philip E. Robinson Lead Industries Association LIA Letter to Membership As a follow-up to Hesselberg's suggestion that the members of LIA write to their Senators and Congressmen to ask a reexamination of the Clean Air Act of 1970, I have drafted the attached letter which might be sent to the LIA membership. JDC :nml Enc. cc: J.F. Smith .. J.F. Cole L' C. Thompson Va . ~- James D. Callaghan L J403694 N 739.03 Draft -- 4/6/73 Letter to LIA Membership Dear The outcome of the lead in gasoline issue is of vital interest to us all. In the past year evidence has continued to mount that the government has moved too quickly in its efforts to control automobile emissions and to remove lead from gasoline. Your aid is needed to help convince Congress that the Clean Air Act of 1970 must be reexamined and amended to reflect the realities of the present state of technology and the relationship of environmental needs to other important national prioi'ities such as the growing shortage of energy. You and others in your organization can help by writing to your Senators and Congressmen and expressing your views on the desirability of amending the Clean Air Act to permit a more realistic approach to controlling automobile emissions. What follows are some major points that could be made in your letters: 1) The Environmental Protection Agency position that lead in gasoline poses a threat to public health has been shown to be without a basis in scientific fact. n 2) Automobile compahie^ have noCbLen giyelhadequate''flnie to develop/the technology needed to meet national air aLity goals in an efficient and effective 1/ L, U '~ manner. 3) Current measures to control automobile emissions including the removal of lead from gasoline will result in a tremendous drain of energy supplies at a time when (he nation faces severe energy shortages. LIA03695 N 739.04 2- 4) Implementation of the present law will have an adverse economic impact on all segments of society from consumer to producer. Many members of Congress are aware that the Clean Air Act of 1970 is proving detrimental to the public interest. They need to know that their constituents will support them in seeking changes in the law. Your letters can help provide this public backing. Sincerely, Philip E. Robinson LIA03696 The catalytic approach, which has been the basis for the requirement of lead free gasoline, is no longer thought to be the system of choice from economic or durability standpoints. Other systems, such as thermal reactors with traps, co^ld meet more realistic standards, such as those of California, and also control particulates emissions including lead. LU03b^7 * The catalytic approach, which has been the basis for the requirement of lead free gasoline, is no longer thought to be the system of choice from economic or durability standpoints. Other systems, such as thermal reactors with traps, co^ld meet more realistic standards, such as those of California, and also control particulates emissions including lead. LI A 03 69 8