Document Z4zgxbLGMMO8QyLwarMa2aRLO

paint Research December, 1949 -26- #97 - Coot. 4. Exposure* 11772-65 F, C were examined after 18 months at Florida, vertical south, and 26 months at Chicago, both north and south. These are cedar bevel siding panels. Regular Rex 471 SUP doss White, all linseed-all anatase titanium, is tested against National Lead Company's Dutch Boy #110 Bright White and against O'Brien's Thensolyzed Tung Oil (T.T.O.) White. Also, Dutch Boy #124 Buff Is tested against SVF tint base shaded to match. SWP end 0'Brian (no tint tested) are applied both two coats self-primsd and over Rex 460 Undereoater, while the Dutch Boy tests are both self-primed and over their #010 Primer. Though the series is small, many sig nificant details arise which cannot be presented here in full. Briefly, the Dutch Boy White represents a high (42$) lead - low (20?) zinc oxide formula as against our earlier 24? lead and 32? zinc foauln, with the #124 Buff and our tint base differing in a similar manner. Ve have no formula for O'Brien'a point. O'Brian'a shows up very poorly at Florida, with serious check ing and bad dirt; it also steads out as dirty at Chicago, although reasonably good on south exposure. The Dutch Boy - SWF comparisons, both white and tint, ere characterized by an almost complete contra diction of results, Chicago as against Florida. At Chicago Dutch Bay White is cleaner then Rex 471, at Florida the opposite; however, in neither case is there a wide difference, and there have bean fluctuations in the past. The Florida tints show the Dutch Boy as dirtier end more faded than SWP, while the Chicago results are quite the opposite. . A subsequent re-chock series of tints, using identical tinting colors, shows, at one year, that the #124 formula does have better color at Chicago and at least as good at Florida, with slightly less dirt than our tint base. The tests as a whole point up the v&riatione in behavior which nay bo expected from a given tint basis In various parte of the country. 0007-SWP-044432 #97 - Cent. Paint Research December, 1949 -25- c. Volin IS, presumably a polyollyl ester of dehydrated castor fatty acids, used both for all oil end for (2) only: slightly more microscopic film failure than the guide, but'unsatis factory mainly because of serious dirt and Unsvsn clean-up both trends being a little less noticeable in the case of the lesser amount of IS oil. Chicago results at 56 months confirm the above almost exactly, but both the failure and the dirt differences aye such less advanced. 5. Panels 10927-32 P vere retired after 24 months' exposure at Florida, vertical south, cedar bevel aiding primed with Rex 45Q Undereoater. Altbougi of considerable interest, this group had to be retired because of hurricane damage) for this reason also, no positive con clusions could, be dram. All top coats are based on Rex 471 SWP 51osa White with ell 1405 snatc.se titanium, testing oil variations, with results briefly as follows: OJ 62 K - Regular (46), factory production -- Good film, dean. OJ 65 I - Using P.P.G. #500 Selected Soya for (2) -- Clean, but appears to have most microscopic checking of the series. OJ 66 K - CVR-689, linseed (44), used for (48) -- Much like pre ceding, probably slightly better. OJ 151 K - CVR-671, catalyst-bodied soya, used for (48) --- Good film,:clean. OJ 152 I - CVR-670, #600 bodied, used for (48) -- Good film, clean. Incidentally, at 12 months, Pittsburgh's #500 unbodied, CVR-669 and CVR-671 went cleaner than the others by a alight margin, but all were satisfactory. Chicago panels show.no differences in dirt and no failure except equal erosion, at 30 months. 'i 0007-SWP-044433 0007-SWP-000113803 Faint Research December, 1949 -24- #97 - Cont. Exposures examined and reported during the month include the following: 1. Panela 7667-72 C, F were exposed 4 years at Florida, verticil south, and 64 months at Chicago, both north and south. All are tint bases shaded to Rex 462 SWF Cream and painted over Rex 460 Ondercoater on cedar bevel aiding. The regular of 7-21-45, using 116 pounds of 2174 dry Ti-Pure R-610, is about avenge for the group in durability, all locations considered, and is definitely better than another regular (2-10-43) using 1895 lead titannte and 2051 Ti-Pure 0 rutile titanium. Fading and dirt collection results have varied at the three locations in the pest, with the 1895-2031 formula having a alight advantage, but final results show fading the same and give the 1895-2031 sample only a very slight advantage as to dirt. None of tho other four tests show any final difference in either dirt or fading, except on north exposure. TheBe teste are; (1) a formula suggested ty Mr. Fasig, pigmented with 44 pounds of 2174 and 148 pounds of 2140 Titanox RC, and using Lowe Brothers' leaded oil vehicle, (2) tho sane with SVP vehicle, (3) same, with SUP vehicle but 2140 Increased to 225 pounds, and (4) same, but further increase of 2140 to 250 pounds. These showed some variations in earlier stages, especially leas chalking with the increasing 2140, but no really noticeable differences in dirt or fading over occurred. However, the Chicago north exposures, which have always held quite a heavy film of dirt and some mildew, indicate that the (1) Lowe Brothers sample holds the most dirt, (2) somewhat less, (3) still less and (4) slightly least. 2. Panels 10630-5 F were retired after 36 months at Florida, vertical south, all Rex 450-prlmed cedar bevel siding. The Rex 471 SUP Gloss White tests are based on the 9-14-45 formula, a 50/50$ rutile/ anataae titanium type, end show the following results due to varia tion of experimental ails: a. SN-1172, Dow's experimental Resin X-480, a 16% styrene modi fied linseed, used for all oil in the vehicle: slight micro scopic checking but less than the guide, clean and white (though rather dirty in the earlier months). b. Archer-Daniela-Mldland's #75-5, containing cyclopentodiene, used for all oil except 12 gallons of (2) linseed, both! and Z* variations of #75-5 oil being tried: very poor dura bility, checks and cracks much more thon others, but is satisfactory in clean-up. 0007--SWF-044434 0007-SWP-000113804 Paint Reeearoh Becaober, 1949 -23- #97 - SWP 471 Two samples of treated delydraied carter oil vara admitted ty the Vegetable Products Research Laboratory. ATM 66 bad a viscosity of 5-1/2 seconds, acid valus of 10.7 and color 10. AVM 67 had a viscosity of 41 seconds, acid value of 7.9 and oolor 9 + . They vara compared with linseed (510) and Debydrol far drying and wrinkling, using lead and manganese driors in the amounts used in SUP. Drying Characteristics ___of VtrtgWLQlU____ Wrinkling Flow-Outs on Glass .008" Oil Set-to-Touch Tbnxtfih Dry at 1500 y. Wrinkling Transparency (510) 2 hr. 40 nib. Good; conedd- SUgrt erable tack. None Very good (252S) 1 hr. 30 min. Good; consid V. V-. bad Very bed erable took. It n ATM 66 3 hr. 25 min. Good) vey bod Cu b e . None nn AVM 67 2 hr. 5 mia. Good] sli^tt V. V- bad Very bad Hn Laboratory batches of Rex 450 3WP Underwater and Rex 471 SWP Gloss White made with the li#rt bodied ATM 56 were short in flow and low in gloas. There appears to be no parutoular use for this type of oil in house paints at this tine* Panels 14414-29 c and T was* prepared during the month for expore at S&o&go and Florida. This ssidss represents a number of clear finishes tor exterior use of wood aiding and trim, including some allctf and phenolic varnishes with or without added fungicide (Nuodex 72) and blear ablngLe stain. Specific products are 75% (4100) plus 25% (4103), 03401 phenolic varnish, Cabin Exterior Finish, Floor Seal 031 as is and plus rev linseed oil, Haxpcr as Is and plus (310), and Clear Shingle Stain OHIO. Exposures are an maple and white pine. Supplementary addi tives include Nuodex 136 sine allQrl sulfate, Copper Pbsnolato, and Cunilate #40 and #40-A (copper-6-quinolinolate)-. Us would appreciate suggestions for additional clears to include in later tests. 0007-SWP-044435 0007-SWP-000113805 Paint Research November, 1949 -29- #97 - Cont. 3, cent. KB 9474 (old number, CV-7027) - Bis soya, air-hlovn. RB 8471 (old number, CV-7028) - SOg treated soya. RB 8472 (old number, CT-7029) - Catalyst bodied soya. RB 8473 (old number, CVR-584) - 80/20* (1273) aoya/(140) CWD, bodied. RB 8477 - Pittsburgh's SO-BOO soya, bodied. Our maker CVR-670, not used previously. the whites show up very well at both locations. SO-500 and our soya/CWO blend show slightly faster chalking tendencies. The tints are also generally satisfactory throughout, but slightly dirtier than the guide. This dirt tendency ia especially true of the SOl j bodied soys, but this and the bis-bodiad, seem a little better than the average in color. 30-500 end the saya/CUO blend tend to be moot faded but good in dean-up. 4. Panels 15183-96 F ware examined after 12 months' exposure, vertical south, at Florida, cedar bevel siding primed with Rex 450 Undercoater of contrasting shade. Micioniaed 20 F magnesium silicate from International Talc.Company ia tested in Rex 471 SUP Gloss White of 7-29-47 against regular 20 F dry, and also against 20 F In Rex 459 Berkeley Tallow of 7-31-47. Except for a slightly greater chalk rub-off at present, there are no differences between test and regular. Past records show a oamewhat faster loss of gloss due to the special extender. Chicago results at 12 months, north and south, show no differences except vary slightly leas fading on the special. A supplementary group of tests oovers CW 2747 Nytal 300 in Rex 471 and Rex 475 SUP Colonial fallow. In this case, the regular or basic formulas of Rex 471 with less lead-zinc and more titanium and extender are used, also with 2201-2203 drys Metronite B4X and Carbola Talc. The 2201-2203 combination la also used In the Rex 475 as well as 20 F. In the several direct and indirect comparisons of Rex 471, there are no appreciable differences. In the Colonial lelluwa, the 20 F regular seems less faded and better in gloss re tention, tut dirtier than the others, part of the dirt being mildew. There ia little choice between 2201-2203 end Nytal, which in this case is an ''off-grade" material coded CW 2748. The Chicago panels show nothing additional on the whites, but give contradictory indications on the Colonial fellows, in that the 20 F and 2201-2203 samples seem vexy much alike, but the Nytal sample seems less faded and more dirty. 0007-SWP-04443 6 0007-SWP-000113806 W a, E& Paint Research November, 1949 -28- 1. Panels 10056-7 F, C vere examined after essentially 4 Fears at Chicago and Florida, vertical south, cedar bevel siding primed with regular Rex 450 Undercoater. This series is a simple com parison of a normal laboratory batch of Rex 471 SWF does White against a special batch made with the mill paste temperature advanced to 200 F. This was suggested ty Newark Technical Ser vice as a means of increasing mill efficiency, but only a very slight increase in mill speed resulted. The exposures show no appreciable differences, and the past records show that they have always been very closely alike in durability end appearance. 2. Panels 10065-8 C, T covering Atlas Powder Company's oil G-875-X vere discontinued after 4 years at Florida, vertical south end Chicago, north and south. Regular cedar bevel siding was used, with Rex 450 Undercoater as ths primer In a 2-coat system. The tests compared G-875-X oil, which is the recovered linseed fatty acid ester of Atlas' sorbitol Isomeric mixture, against regular Rex 471 SWP Gloos White and Rax 375 Colonial fallow, regular bodied oil types. It was found that 1 part of (48) plus 5 parts of G-875-X gave a viscosity equal to the SWF vehicle blend of 4 parts (48) plus 6 parts (2), Thus, ths test batches cany 40 gal lons of the special oil to the 100 gallon batch of paint. Both Florida and Chicago tests show quite similar results for regular and specials, as far as general appearance character istics are concerned. Therefore, considering the large volume used, the oil mist be eaid to have some merit. However, closer Inspection shows up msny disadvantages. The Atlas oil results in a puffy paint with serious brush marks. It shows rather serious fils failure, especially cracking at Florida, which is in most cases definitely more advanced than on the guide. There has been a general trend toward poorer clean-up with the special oil, al though it has a possible slight advantage in color retention. . 3. Exposures 12914-29 F, C were examined after one year at Chicago, vertical north and south, and Florida, vertical south, all cedar bevel siding primed with Rex 450 Undercoater of contrasting Shade. These panels test bodied soya oils and blends, the same as tested in series 10945-63, which gave some erratic results uue to warping at Florida and also due to the use of chrome tinting colors. The present series tests the following oils in Rex 478 SWP Geneva Cream (ferrite tinting colors) of 7-31-47 and Rex 471 SWP Gloss White of 2-9--48, both regular guides having 1005 linseed vehicles: 0007-SWP-044437 0007-SWP-000113807 Faint Research November, 1949 -27- #97 - Coat. Proparties of SWF Gloss White Using (310k 148) , AVM 55 and AVM 54 Viscosity Drying Character- Actual #5 Orifice Brush- Thru Batch istlcs Wt./Gal. Fresh 0'Nite ing Flow Gloss Set rr 704 N Card 60 14.21 Using (510) No (324) 26.4" 29.2" 51. Good Good 5 hr. Good sticky 50 min . 705 N As above but CV 49 14.21 29.8 52.2 SI. Short Good 7 hr. Good sticky 50 min . 706 H As above 14.52 but AW 55 19.2 18.6 OK SI. Very 5 hr. Good short good 25 min . 707 N As above 14.51 but AVM 54 25 25.4 V. SI. Short Very 5 hr. Very sticky good 40 min . good mjz m 54 Viscosity 6-7" (Base3oil 60") 6" (Base oil 60*) Acid Value 2.5 5.2 Color 12-13 10-11 Solids 80* 80* Panels 14405-7 C, F were prepared for exposure at Chicago and Miami for the Chicago Technical Service Department. They will compare resin coated pigunt shading bases with conventional oil bases for shading Rex 496 SWP Ivory. Panels 14549-58 CS and CS were prepared for exposure of SWP Gloss Whites end Colonial Yellows comparing the transparent litho oils of the 300 series with the 500 series oil&. Faints made with the 500 series oils had shown considerable viscosity increase during four years' stor age as compared with those made using the transparent litho oils. Exposure series examined during the month included the following: 0007-SWP-044438 0007-SWP-000113808 r Paint Research tfovaabfr, 1949 -Si6- W! - Cent, Panels 14559-71 CS, GR and T vara praperad for expoaura at Chicago and Miami, oqpoalag these special Defaydrol gyp's 0var Pax 450. This group also included exposures-of the P. E. sojra ester paints described in the following paragraph. F. E. sops, eaten AVM fcj end 54 outfitted ty Dr. Bunn vara coopered In SWP with linseed (510} and CV 49 for general paint charactaristies. The paints aad* with tbs P. E. sojra esters were on the low side for consistency, especially the paint aada with AVM 55 (spe cial catalyst}. Comparisons ware also aada of the clean blended with raw linseed oil and drlen as used in SVP. Ths drying properties of the oil blende and paints were as fallows: Clear Vehicles Set-to-tcuch 694 N Blend using linseed (510) 4 hr. 40 nln 695 N " (48) 1 55 696 N " " AVM 55 (special catalyst) 5 " 46 697 N * " AVM 64 (regular catalyst) 4 46 696 N Rex 471 aede using (510) 9 hr. 40 min. 699 X (48) 9 " 10 700 X " " AVM 53 B " 40 n 701 X " " " AVM 54 5 " 40 In addition "to the tests above, four additional paints ware aede in the usual manner. These compared as follows for general char acteristics. - ^1 0007"SWP-044439 0007-SWP-000113809 Paint Research November, 1949 -25- #97 - Cont. These oils were coopered in SVP with regular (48) Introduced &b CV 49. Each bodied oil ms Introduced for 40$ of the total oil in SUP as in the regular foimiLa. The laboratory batches were checked for body, brushing, flow, gloss and wrinkling tendencies at 140 F. in the ultra violet drying cabinet. The batches node with the special (48) oils showed no particular improvement In flow, .whereas the factory production made with the sane oils ms very good in flow as well as in gloss character istics. The lack of flow in the laboratory batches nay be due in part to the hi&er viscosities obtained with the special (48) oils. Paint Bodied Oil L&frTtiftg MfihW Viscosity #5 Orifice Fresh O'Nlte 2 Ho. ________ Prying Set-to-touch O'Nlte OJ 511 N OJ 512 N OJ 513 N Sp. (48) Batch #1 Sp. (48) Batch #2 CV 49 55.8" 45" 86.4" 9 hr. 20 min. Good 38 51.4 55 9 hr. - Good 29.4 31.2 29.8 7 hr. 40 min. Good Paint. Brushing Flow Gloss OJ 511 N OJ 612 N OJ 515 N SI. sticky * fl Good Short IT SI. short Good ft ir Factory Batches Paint Bodied Oil Viscosity #3 Orifice_____ Fresh O'Nlte 1 Mo. Drying Set-to-touch 0 'Nite Rex 471 Sp. (48) 27" 24.2" 25.6" OK OK C 3089 C Batch #1 Rex 471 Sp. (48) C 3049 C Batch #2 25" 24" 26" OK OK The brushing, flow, and gloss were very good on these two batches. 0007-SWP-044440 0007-SWP-000113810 Faint Research November, 1949 -24- m,~ gg m. A sample of Kytal 200 froa R. T. Vanderbilt was coapared with 20 dxy magnesiua ailicate and CV 2747 Kytal. 800 for general characteristioa. Nytal 200 vu supposedly designed to n&tch International Talc Company's 5 x Asbestine, material purchased same tins ago at 20 T. Due to the fact that our apacification haf ben revised to Unit the narinma 32S neah residue to 0.59, Nytal 200 would ba too coaraa for our usage. It v*a found to ho vary poor In texture and require* a aueh longer grind ing tine than 20 dxy or Nytal 300 to obtain the sane degree of fineness. If the 20 dxy used In our teste had been vithlp our specification for tex ture, we would have obtained a larger spread In grinding tine also. Properties of SWF Gloat Whites Using Various Inerts BatchCharacteristics Vt./Gel. Viscosity #5 Orifice Grind fritah O'Hite Rate Grind 0J 629 H OJ 630 H 0J 631 N Rax 471 - Cad 59 275 pounds 20 dxy 1.19 residua 14.23 273 pounds CV 2747 14.24 .159 residue 275 pounds Nytal 200 14.50 2.69 residue 26* 29.2* S' 42" 2 B 24.6 28.0 4' 47* 2-1/4 H 23.8 27.6 7' 12" 2 K Brushing, flow, gloss and drying characteristic* were standard in all the batches,-with the Nytal 300 batch showing slightly more gloss and Nytal 200 slightly nor* flow. The Varnish Department prepared two plant batches of (46) made with Dehydrol replacing the tung oil. Special (48) Batch #1-50% linseed, 309 Boya, 209 (3017). Special (48) Batch #2 - 509 linseed, 309 soya, 209 (2325). CV 49 - 509 linseed, 309 soya, 209 (140) reduced with (348) to 719 solids. Special (48) Batch #1 Special (48) Batch #2 CV 49 Body 60" 63" H kJL13 11 6.2 Color 6-7 7-8 - Solid* 1009 1009 Approx. 719 0007-SWP-044441 0007-SWP-000113811  > ' ` *.?HP1 Paint Research October, 1949 -17- 197 - Coat. SWP Gloss White BatchDrier Under Teat Sst-to--tnmcb Tiffin With (543) Without (545) OJ 385 M 386 M 387 M 388 M 389 M 390 M 391 M 3-1/2 gals. RC 1058 1-3/4 " " 7/8 " " 3-1/2 RC 1039 1-3/4 " " 7/8 " 1-3/4 (4230) 5 hr* 15 min. 5 it 50 5 n 45 " 5 50 5 it 45 6 rt _ 5 ft 45 19 hr. 45 min 17 15 " 16 " 25 " 16 " 25 " 18 " 5 " 19 " 15 " 15 " 45 " The batches containing manganese drier all dried veil over night, hit without manganese tie films were slightly soft. In addition to the above organic driers, samples of P.C 2207, 2203,.2209, 2210, 2211, 2212, 2213 and 2214 were also tested as re placements for (4230). In most-oases the driers are too bad in odor or too slow in drying compared with (4250). Sample RC 2210 is quite good in drying but poor in color. RC 2212 and RC 2213 would warrant further tests in other fomilationa, SWP Gloss Vhite - Using Organic Driers for (4230). Regular Amount of (545) * y, Batch Drying Properties Through Paint Drier Fresh 0 TJite Set-to-touch Dry Odor Characteristics 515 N Regular 39.6" 36.4" 8 hr. 40 min. Good Driers Characteristic odor, good - 516 B RC 2207 44 44 10 It 50 ft * Good - Too slow in drying. 517 N DC 2208 44 44 8 ft 40 ft n Bad Bad odor 518 B RC 2209 43.8 40.2 8 It 10 ft n Bad ft ft 519 N RC 2210 44 40.2 7 ft 50 II 7 days 520 B RC 2211 31.2 27.8 14 ft 40 ft 521 B RC 2212 42 7 days 38.2 8 ft 30 ft 7 days 522 B RC 2213 37.8 33 8 n 40 ft 7 days 523 N RC 2214 34.6 35.4 12 ft - n Good - Poor in color. Fair Bad Bad odor Good Fair Poor Fair Good Good - Only fair ip. odor. Only fair on thru. dry. Too alow drying. 0007-SWP-044442 j 0007-SWP-000113812 Paint Research October, 1949 -16- #97 - SWP 471 Preliminary work is under way to study means of easing the brushing of SWP. Several trial formal.itlona have been tested with no narked improvement to date. R. Bruhn spoke before the Peoria section of the American Chemical Society on October 20 on the subject "Progress in Paint Tech nology," Panels 14300-30 CS, CN and F were prepared and placed on ex posure at Chicago end Florida. The tests compare SWP made with various special soya oils, PE soya esters, etc. which were listed on page 14 of the September report. The special oils include Ardol, ASV #4, Var oils, 73-5 oils, etc., and the pigmentations include same lead- and zinc-free formulas as well aa the conventional pigments. Inspection of the Chicago penels show no great differences, but the 2030 TiG^-wytal (lead and zincfree) formulas in goneral are whiter than the conventional paints. Additional experimental SWP paints were prepared for exposure comparing CV 49 (reduced 50/30/20 linseed/eoya/tung bodied to Z% - Z3) with two special bodied oils with the dehydrated castor oils (3017) and (2325) replacing the tung oil in CV 49. The paints made with the spe cial oils brushed quite well In spite of high body, were fair in flow tut did not dry quite as well as the regular. Additional special paints included paints made with PE soya esters with sodium hydroxide and barium oxides as catalysts. Organic Driers In SWP The Resin Research Department have submitted a number of organic driers for evaluation. Two substitute driers, RC 1038 and RC 1039 were tested as replacements for (4230) in SWP. If the substi tute lead driers are not reinforced ty manganese, they are not equivalent In drying to (4230) regardless of the concentration used. RC 1038 im proved in drying at lower concentrations whereas RC 1039 had better dry ing properties at higher concentrations. When manganese drier is used with RC 1038 and RC 1039 the drying properties are equal to the regular drier combination of (4230) and (343), From an odor standpoint RC 1038 and RC 1039 are rather sweet in odor, even at low concentrations. See following table. 0007-SWP-044443 Paint Research September, 1949 -15- #97 - Cont. Inert Usod Grinding Viscosity Batch Drv No. 0. A. Grind____ Rato__ Fresh 24 Hrs. 3 Oars Brushing Flow 47e N 20 dry 28.4 479 N CW 2747 35.5 2-1/2 H 6' 37* 23.3* 5 H 4' 28" 21* 28* 26* 30.2" SI. pull SI. short 27.2" n ft 480 N Nytal 220 37.1* 2-1/4 H 4' 37* 22.2* 26.2" 28.2" M If "Taken on composite sample from car. The first production batch of SWP Clloss White made with Nytal 220 had an initial viscosity of 31 seconds vith excellent brushing and good flov properties. However, the factory has reported that :dien the paint was checked on the grind gauge it showed more of the extremely hard, coarse particles than show up with Nytal 300, CW 2747. According to their results these hard particles are evident in the paint film end give the point-out a fuzzy appearance. The grinding time was equal to.that of CVT 2747 but the paint was not ground to the same fineness. Nytal 220 would require a longer grinding time, which is not desir&hle. Cleveland has used some Soapstone Talc 1246 dry in SWP to reduce brightness whan pure zinc oxide was used. Batches of SWP were made using 7S and 275 pounds of 1246 replacing an equal weight of 20 dry. The paints containing 1246 dry were lower in viscosity and rather dirty compared with the standard. Batch Viscosity #3 Fresh 24 Hrs. 0J 445 N Rex 471, card #59. Regular 20 dry extender. 24.4" 29.6" 0J 446 N tt It Using 75 pounds 1246 dr/. 25 25.6 0J 447 N Tl It Using 275 pounds 1246 dxy 18,4 20.8 Panels 13992 - 14021 C5, CN were prepared for c:rposure at Chicago south and north vertical. These paints were applied under fair fall con ditions and wore a repeat of series 13573 - 15407 carrying special soya-CKO oils and painted in cooler weather. Considerable! time was spent in the preparation of ohotogmphs and publicity matter on SWP for our advertising agency. 0007-SWP-044444 0007-SWP-000113814 Paint Research September, 1948 -14- #97 - Pont. The Inspection Trip Report Tor 1949 auctioned the good per formance of special house paint binders such as 75-5, Aidol, V&r, etc.., and the possibility of asking a copper and iron stain resistant paint ty eliminating sine colds. A series of paints vers made using the regu lar Hex 471 card 57 pigmentation, using the following oils, as well as s o d s zinc-less pigmentations with a group of oils selected from the following list: AV 1100, AT 1101 and AV 1141 - P. E. Sore Esters (Regular catalyst) ATM 51 - P. E. Soya Ester ((Special catalyst) Ardol - AD.M. AST #4 - " Aliphat 17 B Ester R3C42Q6 - General Mills, Inc. Aliphat 17 B Ester R32 4597 n * " Driecjr A and Za - Spencer Kellogg 75-5 (Tie. Z.) Cyclopcntadicoe Copolymer - AD.M. 75-5 (Tisc. r) " "" Tar 70 - AJ5J4. Tar Za - A J>.M. The various oils were used to the extent cC 40* of the binder. A miaber of other variations were also included based on the use of 502 and 10O in conjunction with variations in pigment composition and pigment volume. Panels are being prepared and exposures will be made this fall at Chicago north and south and Florida south only. House paint storage teats are under way to check the granula tion tendencies of Harahaw'a new manganese naphthenate versus (545) in SUP Gloss White. These paints will be added to another aeries made cn formula card #55 using (5321) and (S10) as the bodied oil. A car of Nytal 220 received from R. T. Tanderbilt Company was compared with Ctf 2747 Nytal 300 and 20 dry in SUP. (Note thia is not Nytal 200.) The test batches made in the laboratory indicated that Nytal 220 was actually quite dose to 20 dry in consistency character istica. This was not indicated ty the oil absorption. The laboratory grinding rate on Nytal 220 was faster than in the case of 20 dry when ground to approximately the same degree of fineness. In comparison with Nytal 300, the grinding time was about the aame but the grind was not as good. 0007-SWP-044445 0007-SWP-000113815 Paint Research September, 1949 -15' #97 - SWP 471 ThB Vegetable Product* Research Laboratory has submitted a sample of P.S. soya eater AVM 51 made with a special catalyst In place of the regular catalyst for asking tbs methyl ester. This oil has the following characteristics: N.V.H. (548) A. V. Color Viscosity 00* SO* 2.9 on solids 12 - 15 6-7 seconds The laboratory batch of SUP aade vith AVM 51 v&s slightly leer in viscosity and gloss as compared with (510) linseed. As indicated below, AVM 61 and AV 1101 (regular catalyst) produced paints that were short in flow and low in viscosity. Viscosity Batch Characteristics Vt./Gal. Fresh O'Nlte Brushing 416 N Rex 471, card #59 14.22 Using 19 gala. (510) 25.2" 28.7" Slight pull (Good'-) 417 K Rex 471 as 416 N 14.24 17" 18.2" SI. puffy but AV 1101 for (510) (Good -) 418 N As 4l6 N but AVM 51 for (510) at equal solids 14.50 19.6" 22" SI. puffy (Good -) Batfih Characteristics Flow Gloss Grind 416 N Rex 471, card #69 Slightly Good 1-1/8 H Using 19 gals. (510) short (Good -) 417 N Rex 471, as 416 N Short but AV 1101 for (510) (Fair) Good 1-1/2 H 418 N AS 416 N but AVM 51 for (310) at equal solids Short (Fair) Less than 416 N or 417 N 1-1/2 H New samples of the two P. E. Soya Estere vith higher body have been requested. The higher body should increase the viscosity end gloss and give a better comparison ct their properties when used in SWP. 0007-SOT-044446 0007-SWP-000113816 Paint Research August, 1949 -22- #97 - Cent. Panels 12472-12487 F, C vere examined after 12 months at Florida and sli^jtly loss than 16 months at Chicago, vertical south, plus vertical north exposure at Chicago. Regular Rex 471 SWP Gloss White of 6-15-46 end regular Rex 465 SWP Colonial fellow and Rex 563 Slate, tint bases of 7-21-47, all linseed formulas, are the basic formulas for testing (1) 19 gallons of (3316) bodied linseed/soya/chinavood and (2) all oil as AVM 14 and AVM 15, bodied and normal body High Polymer oils from Vegetable Pro ducts Research Laboratory. In addition, a similar test is made using 20 Mac magnesium silicate replacing the regular 20 F, in Rex 471 only. The panels are cedar bevel siding, using regular Rex 450 Ondereoater, tinted gray under the Rex 471 for Chicago exposure. In general, there seems to be a trend toward improvement of the usual soya dirt-collection tendency in the use of the High Polymer Oils. The history shown in routine Florida reports indicates very little, but the present appearance shows the High Polymer paints cleanest of all in the whites. Though differences at Chicago at 3, 9 and 16 months have not been great, there is a rather consistent over-all pattern. Both the (5316) and High Polymer paints started out more glossy, slower in chalking and more dirty than the linseed, with (3316) the more pronounced in most eases. Both have cleaned up and achieved fairly free chalking at 16 months, but the (2316) ia still inferior to the regulars in most instances. The High Polymer paints are at least as clean and in several cases noticeably cleaner. 0007-SWP-044447 0007-SWP-000113817 Paint Research August, 1949 -21- 2Li-ggP.t Rax Card No. Agent Settling Period. Settled state 471 49 Control 9 Ho. Stiff, firm cake, stirred lumpy. 471 49 6# (4081) 9 Mo. Firm cake, stirred lumpy. 471 49 6# 2270 dry 9 Mo. Very soft cake, stirred smooth. 471 49 S# 1626 dry 9 Mo. Very soft cake, Stirred smooth. The redispersibility of aettlsd portions In thasa tests was evaluated by mixing each sample with a spatula in its full container. Every sample containing lecithin, 2270 dry, was readily dispersed to a smooth consistency la this manner. 1326 dry looked very good In Ren 471. Rex 4S0 samples show no appreciable differences vith respect to suspension characteristics when agents (4081) and 2270 diy are intro duced before or after the grind. Last December a series of exposure panels was started, vertical north and south at Chicago only, using regular Rex 450 Undercoator - Rex 471 Gloas White of certified quality, the panels to be painted at inter vals whenever the weather is typical of each season. The purpose is to give a succession of year-arcund painting testa with the srme paint and eerefully selected wood, to check on The Glidden Company's advertising of last fall to the effect that fall waa the ideal time to paint. We now have painting teste done in December, April, June and August, panels numbered 15331-15554 C. At the time of the August painting it was decided te expand the series to cover possible changes if (3321) high Polymer Oil were used in Rex 450 and Rex 471. A tie-in test was used, testing the (3321) type Rex 471 over both (3321) type Rex 450 and over the regular Rex 450 used in the previous series. The numbers of the newer series start with 13930-13931 C. Panels 13683-702 CS, CHI and F were prepared for exposure at Chicago south and north vertical, and south vertical at Minmi. The paints were variations of SWP Gloss White, Berkley fellow and Chelsea Gray com paring linseed, P. E. soya esters and Drisoy in the vehicle. This series was painted in warm weather and will be repeated in cooler fall tempera tures . 0007-SWP-044448 0007-SWP-000113818 *5* ' Paint Research August, 1949 J97 - Cent. Box Card He. Agent 210 5 Control -20- Settling Settled state 6 Mo. Deep film cake, stirrod lumpy. 210 5 4# (40B1) 210 5 4# 2270 dry e Mo. 6 Mo. Deep cake, stirred lumpy Deep soft cake, stirred smooth. 210 5 4# 1826 dry 6 Mo. Deep cake, stirred sligitly lumpy. 210 4 Control 6 Mo. Large firm bead, stirred lumpy. 210 4 4# (4081) 6 Mo. Large soft bead, stirred lumpy. 210 4 4f* 2270 diy 6 Mo. Pull, very soft bead, stirred smooth. 210 4 4# 1826 dry 6 Mo. Pull soft bead, stirred smooth. 450 26 Control 6 Mo. Film, dty cake, stirred lumpy. 450 26 6# (4081) 6 Mo. Firm, dty cake, stirred lumpy. 450 26 6# 2270 diy 6 Mo. Large, soft bead, stirred smooth. 450 26 Of* (4081) In let-dovn 6 Mo. Very large soft bead, stirred lumpy. 450 26 6# 2270 diy in let-dovn 6 Mo. Large, soft bead, stirred smooth. 465 Alt.C ' 4 Control 6 Mo. Moderataly fin# bead, stirred smooth. 455 Alt C 4 6# (4081) 6 Mo. Soft bead, stirred smooth. 465 Alt C 4 6# 2270 diy 6 Mo. Very soft bead, stirred smooth. (Cont.) 0007-SWP-044449 0007-SWP-000113819 Paint Hasearch August, 1949 -19- im - SWP 471 A sample of Sierra Mietron Talc T-076 has been received f;rom the Sierra Talc Company. When compared with 1989 Microne Tale it was found to conform very closely to this material. Oil absorption was 58.25 as compared to an average rating of S3 to 56 for 1989. Color and texture are slightly better than 1989. Paint consistency is slightly higher than a corresponding SWP made using 1989 dry. Tests were made to detemine the effect of grind on SWP consist ency. Three batches were made varying only the degree of dispersion. This test would indicate that viscosity is not affected. Paint Grind Viscosity Fresh 1 Par 14 Days Rex 471 - RB 2635 1 50.8" 33.6" 33.0" Rex 471 - RB 2636 2 so.o 53.2 33.2 Rex 471 - RB 2637 2-1/2 30.0 33.2 34.0 John Moore, Director of the Scientific Section of the HFVLA,was in to discuss moisture problems. Also during the month representatives of the Minnesota Paint Company visited the exposure farm. Time was also spent proparing publicity matter for SWP advertising and dealer meetings, as well as in reviowlng a rewrite of Boolclet Wo. 3 on handling of house paint complaints. A comparison of the effect of Acto 450 (4081), Lecithin 2270 dry, and calcium stearate 1828 dry, upon the suspension- characteristics of SWP 450 Undorcoater, SWP doss White - Rex 471, Colonial fellow - Rex 465 and Semi-Lustre - Rex 210 is being made. Consistent patterns of perform ance establish themselves in this series. Acto 450 shows improved suspen sion, calcium stearate performs better than Acto 450, and lecithin does the best job of the agents under test. This inspection was made on Rex 210, Rex 450, and Rex 465 systems after six months' storage in quart cans. The Rex 471 samples had stood over a 9-month porlod in one gallon containers. Inspection data is tabled below: See next page. 0007-SWP-04445Q Paint Research SvOf, 1949 -18- #97 - Cent. Batch, tot 01 207 N Characteristics Rax 471 - using 6/8 gal. (545) Viscosity - #5 Orifice Wt./Qal. Fresh 2 Weeks Brushing 14.28 20" 21.6" Good 07 206 N Rsx 471 - using l/8 gal. Nuodax 6* Mi 14.28 19.8 25.2 Good 07 809 H Rax 471 - uaing 5/8 gal. (4251) 14.24 19.8 22.5 Good Batch No. Ploir . Gloae D nrlng Sot-tor-touch- . Over Niriit 07 207 N Good Good 7 hr. Very good 07 208 N 07 209 H Good Good Good Good 7 hr. SO nla. 8 hr. Good Good' The 1949 bouse painting teat prugrma is veil under way is both Cleveland and Chisago. Since aaqy of tbasa teats Ibv o It o variations in both underooatara and. top ooata, reference should else be aade to pro jects No. 12 tad Jfo.'168. Materials have been supplied Cleveland for the following two coat aystone, sspbaaizlngtop coat taste: 1. Beqy house. Comparison of clean-up of SWP Gloss White with Tid es 100* 1405, 50/60 1405/2060 and 100* 2050. 2. McMillan hcwao. Regular undercoater. Top coats compare SUP Rax 471 Glosa White, Cards #49, 65 tad 66 covering recent reductions In load contents. 3. Ryan house. Top coats coopare Rex 471 - SWP Gloss White, self- prinad and over Rax 460 versus Rax 456 - SWP Pune Resisting Gloss White, aelf-prised. 0007-SWP-044451 0007-SWP-000113821 Paint Hesearch July, 1949 -If . #97 - SWP Gloas Whits Messrs. E. V. Pasig and M. Van Loo made their annual inspec tion of the house paint exposures o du Font's Pigment Division at Wilmington, Delaware; of the Titanium Flaunt Company at Sayville, New York; and of the basic silicate paints exposed ty National Lead Company, also at Ssyville. A report is beihg distributed herewith. The Linseed Oil Kill forwarded two galloos of linseed oil (2) for the evaluation of the perforasaye of extracted and expelled raw lin seed In SWP 450 Undarcoater and SHF: does White. Extracted (2) 1729 Foots (Heated Oil Test) Acid Value Iodine Value (Vljs - 1 hr.) Color (Gardner 1953) Sp. Gr. 60 F./BO0 F. O.fflC 1.7% 185.6 11 + 0.955 Expelled (2) ..hyjUBBL. 0.3f 2.5i 182.8 11 + 0.933 There seased to be little difference in the immediate character istics and pexfomance of the palnta. A comparison follows: MshJfr: OJ 231 N QJ 252 N OJ 233 X sM Hex 471 using expelled (2) Viscosity - #5 Orifice Fresh O'Nite 3JLvk 26.4" 53.4" 33.2" Brush4fi___ Good Hex 471 using solvent ex tracted (2) 51.6" 57.6" 56" Good Hex 450 using 17" expelled (2) 20.2" 25.4" Good + Flow Gloss Good Good Good + Very good Good Good OJ 254 N Hex 450 using solvent ex tracted (2) 16.4" 17.6" a" Good + Good Good A sample of Nuodax 6$ manganese drier from Nuodex Products Com pany was coopered with (4251) and (543) (at equal metal content) in SWP. The paints were checked for drying, brushing and flow, and.samples were placed in storage to check on granulation and loss of drying. No appar ent difference could be detected in manganese float or color difference whi the batches were freshly made. The properties of the paints were as follows? 0007-SWP-044452 0007-SWP-000113822 Paint Research June, 1949 -19- #97 - Cent. Several teati at Rax 462 SHF Croon showed Rood results, Kith no appreciable differences. These teats used the following liquids, ova* regular Rex 460 ontyi RA 4246 B>` RA 4248 8, RA 4249 B, 6-34 A-B bodied P.B. black oil estef and 5-66 and 6-67 noxnal body p.g. black oil esters, A few tests covered Xieoik Primer and Metalastic Qragr using RA 4245-B as against the regular (2)-{2S25) vehicle. All gave satis factory results. 0007-SWP-044453 Paint Rasaarch Jims, 1949 -18- ft7.Tjtt.ia The 1949 bouse painting teat progran la getting under way with eight testa In aoae stage of pragmas. Panels 15802-5 CS, CM and P were prepared for exposure In Chicago south and north vertical and south vertical In Florida. The paints ccmpare regular SVP with specials In which from 40% to 100$ of the total binder were petroleum drying oils sutaitted ty Sinclair Refining Conpengr. In general the special oils were too alow in dry ing, and the paints made with these oils retained e bad tack for over a week. See page 19, Monthly Report for April, 1949. Panels 8591-8425 F, C were wiremined after four years' exposure at Florida and at Chicago, vertical south. The purpose of this series was to detarnino tbs possibilities of eatariflsd black oil and (548) lin seed fatty acids for use in SUP and other exterior paints. The durability and appearance characteristics of aost of the special liquids were sur prisingly good, with no particularly poor results. The materials used, with mention of noticeably good or poor durability results in Rax 450 tfadareoatar and Rax 471 doss White, bodied oil type, are: RA 4245 A - glyceryl aster of Wilson fatty acids, light. (Wot used in Rsx 471). RA 4245 B - ditto, bodied to (48). Results on these two tended to be rather poor as used in Rex 450, followed by RA 4245-B in Rex 471. RA 4247 - (548) osterifted with 1/4 P.E., 5/4 glycerine, both A, light and B, bodied. Conflicting results - good film at Chicago (erosion the main type of failure) but below average at Florida (checking and cracking), emphasized in both eases vhwo used In both Rex 450 and Rex 471. RA 4248 - (1781) black oil, esterified with 1/5 P.E., 2/5 glycerine. A and B, latter only being used In Rex 471. Satisfactory except for one sample at Florida. RA 4249 - glyceryl ester of (1761). A and B, latter only used in Rex 471. Perhaps poorest of the list, as there are more Instances of noticeable Inferiority, but some samples are satisfactory. It should be noted that, in general, the special oils aeon less suitable for Rex 450 than for Rsx 471. Q007-SW5-044454 0007-SWP-000113824 Paint Research May, 19*9 -21- Batch Materials Sat-to-touch 54 N Approximately 75$ (4100) 4 25$ (4105) 4 1$ Nuodex 72 5 hr. 45 min. 68 N Sams as above, but no Nuodex 72 Vet at 5 P.M. 70 N 05401 (Phenolic) 4 1$ Nuodex 72 2 hr. 69 N 05401 2 hr. 10 min. 71 N Floor Seal Rex 051 2 hr. 10 min. 72 N 1/2 Floor Seal, l/z (2) 4 driers 4 hr. 75 N Rexpar (Rex 04) 1 hr. 52 min. 90 N Rexpar 4 (2) * (54-1/2 gal. varnish) 1 hr. 50 min. 91 N As 54 N 4 extra drier 2 hr. 5 min. Panels 9102-20 C, F, Cof. were examined after four years' exposure vertical south and north at Chicago and south in Florida, and 61 months at Coffeyville. All are on cedar bevel aiding and are 2-coat work using Rax 450 Undercoater. The testa are a aeries of formulas considered for poat-war SVP Gloss White, as discussed in November, 19*4. 'One group includes SUP at 25$ total lead content as against the more generally used 50$. In general, there is no difference in performance. The formula used in moat cases is a "modified oil conservation" type with 16-1/2 gallons of (48) bodied linseed and a p.v.c. of 54$. Regular pre-war "high oil" formu las show generally poorer durability, while the full oil conservation type with 19 gallons of (48) is about the same as the "modified." Other vari ations involve mainly titanium content, although one of the most signifi cant tests of the series shows 586 mineral whiting as clearly inferior to mapiesium silicate in both durability and dirt collection. 21152 Titanox RC HT tends to be durable but poor in clean-up. In a blend with 1271 anatase titanium-calcium it shows serious failure and only fair self- cleaning, but results in a blend with 1405 straight anatase are very good in almost all cases. Another good bland In this series is 1403 and 2175 rutile. 5 gallons of bodied fish oil does fairly well with 56$ zinc oxide and 27$ extender, but is definitely on the poor side with 51$ zinc and 50$ extender. 0007-SWP-044455 0007-SWP-000113825 #97 - Cont. Paint Research May, 1949 -20- A. House Paints - cedar aiding, vertical south exposure. Sax 460 Undercoater - Bax 471 SWP dose White vs. Bax 471 self-primed. Rex 450 - Bax 456 SUP Fume Resisting White va. Bex 456 self-primed. Rax 450 - One Coat House Paint White Kem Bulletin White, self-priaed. Bex 500 Faally Paint (old litbopone tFP) > self-priaed. 5 coats lead-in-oil as per label (Rex 17). B. Metal protective and others - 6" x 12" steel, 45 exposure. Kroaik Prioer - Metalastic Gray va. Carclad Enamel (vinyl cysten). Ken Luetral White and Green, both 1 coat and with Fast-0ri Prilner. Kem Transport Ruby Maroon and Birch Grey, regular itana. Opex Autaootive Lacquer Light Gray end Opalescent Maroon, regular. C. Clear finishes - 8" x 12* hardwood, 45 exposure. 5 coats Itaxper Varnish vs. Kea Finishing Clear. Other panels prepared for exposure include the following series Panels 15606-27 CS, CM and F. SWP does Whites and Colonial Tallows, exposed south and north vertical at Chicago, and south vertical Florida,. Using regular blends of soys and hung oils vsrsus similar oomMnatieme mads by directed interestcrificetlon by the Eckey process, as the bodied oil portions of tbs vehicles. Panels 15689-702 CS, CM and F. The paints represent SWP Gloss White Rax 471, formula of 2-7-49 and SWP BerkeW lellcw and Chelsea Gray and variations using 40$ AV 1125 P.E. Soya ester, Drlsoy Za, and with all the oil replaced by a combination at AV 1100 end AV 1125 or Drlsoy 2 and Brlsoy D-F. It was intended that this eet should be painted In low tem peratures. However, while Initial temperatures were as low as 44 F, a period of hot weather brought day temperatures as hi# as 86 7. including one period of precipitation when 2" of Tain fall. The following clear finishes have been gathered for exterior exposure, three coats on 8* x 24" maple penal*. The tests include Muodex 72 added to impart mildaw resistance, end also Clear Shingle Stain OHIO, (See next page.) 0007-SWP-044456 0007-SWP-000113826 '"`S. Faint Research May, 1949 -19- #97 - Cont. Properties of swP Olosa Whites - Hex 471 (Cont.) (All ground at Mae Bill adjustment.) YiflooaltleB - #3 S-W Orifice at 76 F. 2 4 8 14 Batch No. Freeh 0'Nite Dave Oars Dare Dave Brushing Flow Gloss QJ 97 N OJ 98 N OJ 99 N 20.2" 29" 17" 21.8" 20.4" 2S" 29" 20.4" 27.8" 27.6" Very good Good 22.8" 22.2" 22.0" 21.0" n if n 27" 26.6" 25.4" 25.4" n n fi Very good SI. lower thap 97 N SI. lower than 96 N OJ 100 N 28.6" 45" 46" 45.4" 56.6" 57.8" Good - Short SI. lower than 99 N (An effort ii $ an equal grind, S H) 03 US N 03 116 N OJ 117 N 21" 17". ' 20" 50.2" 21.8" 26.6" 29.6" 28.8" 51.6" 50.8" Very good Good 21.4" 21.2" 25.0" 25.6" n w If 26.8" 25.8" 27.4" 29.2" n it II Very good Good + Good OJ 118 N 28.6" 47.2" 48.6" 46.8" 50.2" 49.6" Good - Short Good - A special group of exposures was prepared this month, panels numbered 15654-15671. Mr. C. R. Caiyl has started an exposure testing station at Vlckenburg, Arizona. The claims made for this location are: 292 days of sunshine yearly as against 97 for Miami, brilliant sunshine for 90jS of the daylight hours, no snolce, fog or dust, and low humidity. Ve realize that mere concentration of ultraviolet is only one of many conditions needed to evaluate paint performance, end that the arid south west is of minor importance from a sales standpoint. Nevertheless, we feel that the Vlckenburg exposure conditions might give especially sig nificant results with certain types of finishes. Vs have therefore set up what seems to be a minimum test program to evaluate this location, and to check against our other exposure locations. Other departments have helped In the preparation of panels, as indicated below. The series consists of representative coatings of several types normally used out doors, and are to be exposed and examined in as nearly as possible the earns manner at four locations: Miami, CoffeyviUs, Vlckenburg and Chicago (both north and south for the house paints). The materials tested are: 0007-SWP-044457 0007-SWP-000113827 Faint Research May, 1949 -18- #97 - avp 471 At our request, the International Tale Ccopmy supplied saatpO.ee of magnesium silicate with low, medium and high oil absorption properties. The samples wars eodsd vltb respect to oil absorption characteristics as calculated for 100 grans of pigment using superior linseed oil (acid number less than 0.1) and the ball method of Gaidner-Coleaan, as follows: Asbestine 50 cc " 55 cc * 57.5 cc Ve also checked the three aamplee for oil absorption end made paints on theTSWP Hex 471 fonada, card Ho. 55. The two samples coded 55 cc and 57.5 ee were found to ha very poor In texture. The sample coded 57.5 ee (2.2* residue) could not be ground to a 5 H on the labora tory 5-roll mill without bad discoloration. In all cases our oil absorption determinations are somewhat lower than the figures reported tgr International. However, we found that the sample oodod 55 oc, as used in paint 99 H, appears to be in a desirable range in oil abeorptian taut too poor in texture. Properties of SWF dose Whites - Rex 471 (Ail ground at sans mill adjustment.) Oil % * Batch No. Rmania of TalC Absorption Moisture Residue Grind Grind Th OJ 97 N Our 6 bag stock sample 50.7 .533* .402* 2-1/2 H - OJ 98 N International Talc (SO cc) 25.5 .256* .470* 2 H - OJ 99 N International Talc (55 cc) 28.5 .328* 1.304* 1-1/2 H - OJ 100 K International Talc (57.5 cc) 35.0 .355* -2.2* 1H - OJ 115 N OJ 116 H (An effort was made to obtain an equal grind, 3-H) As OJ 97 N 3 H 1' 52" As OJ 98 H 3 H 2' 10" OJ 117 H OJ 11B N As OJ 99 H As OJ 100 N (Cont.) 2-5/4 H 2H 2' 45" 3i 20" 0007-SWP-044458 0007-SWP-000113828 Paint Research April, 1949 -19- *97 - SUP 471-- The house test program far 1949 trill Include la addition to the undereoater tests described unisr Project Mo. 12, a number of varia tion* in top coats. The two coat aystasia will Include the following: 1. Lead Seduction Series. Type of hens* required - normal repaint. Rex 460 Qhdercoater. Compare Rax 471 at various BCHL levels as represented ty standard fonula revisions over the past two years. fa) Rex 471, card49. 0.6 lbe. BCHL and 1.57 lbs. BBWL per gel. (b) Rax 471, card 55. Nc BCUL, 1.66 lbe. BSUL per gal. (c) Rex 471, card55. No BCHL, 0.96 lbe. BBWL per gal. 2. Basic Silicate White Lead Series.Type of honae required: (1) new, (2) repaint in poor condition. This group trill compare both undercoatsre and top coats formulated with basic silicate white lead. 5. SHF doss White versus SMP Fuae Resisting White. Type of house required - (1) clean location, (2) dirty location. This group will' compare regular SUP with Rex 456, both over Rex 450 and self-primed. Relative cleansing properties as well as long term durability are the chief interests. 4. T10a Dirt Retention Study. Type of bouse required - (1) clean location, (2) dirty location. This group will Involve study of dirt collection and erosion as opposed factors in the selection of titanium oxides for exterior whites. 5. SWP Tints. Type of bouse required - nomal repaint, in good con dition. This group will compare tint base formulations based on (a) leaded, zinc oxide, (b) pure zinc oxide, and (e) 2140 dry rutile titanium calcium versus non-chalking rutile TiOa. 6. Vehicle study. Type of house required - normal, in (a) clean, location, and (b) dirty location. Over Rex 450 undercoat. This group will compare several types of bodied oils In SUP including (510) bodied linseed, (48) 50/50/20 llnseed/soya/tung, and (5521) P.E.aoya ester. Cements and suggestions for additions are invited. Samples of petroleum drying oils were submitted by the Sinclair Refining Company for examination by the Resin Research, the Varnish-Resin Laboratory, and Paint Research. The work done by this department involved a comparison of Sinclair oils 126-88 and 126-90 with raw and heat bodied linseed oils in SWP. The results of our tests indicated that the: Sinclair oils are too alow in diying for this type of formulation. All paints made with them maintained a bad tack for over a week. The Resin Research De portment also reported these oils slow in drying and rather poor in odor. 0007-SWP-044459 0007-SWP-000113829 Paint Research April, 1949 -20- #97 - The Vamiah-Resin Laboratory prepared two - 25 gallon phenolic and Fentalyn A yaxnishea using the Sinclair oils * The ramishea ver reported to be alow in drying and brittle in film characteristics. The Varaiah-Resia Laboratory autadtted CTV 7127, a P.E. scare eater baaed on Aliphet 54 B which vaa coopered with High Polymer Oil AV-1125 and (510) la SUP. Viscosity Color Acid Value Sp. Or. isjm 57" - 65* 9-11 5-8 .945 - .948 SBJ12Z ' 60" 14" 2.9 Batches of SUP made with 19 gallone of each bodied oil com pared aa follows with (510) for general characteristics. Batch 8H 9H 10 H 19 Gala. Bodied Oil (510) CTV 7127 AV 1125 Viscosity - #3 Orifice Freeh 24 H. 5 Bara 23.8" 30" 42" 18" 19" 21* 21" 25.4" 28.8" Drvin* 7 hr. 50 min. Very gpod 9 hr. 20 min. Fair 6 hr. 25 min. Fair O sA Batch 8H GLoea Good SfiX Good Color Good 9 N Good Good - Good - 10 B Fair Short Good CTV 7127 was better than AV 1123 in flow and gloss but inferior in drying and lower in body and brightness when pigmented. 0007-SWP-044460 0007-SWP-000113830 Paint Research April, 1949 . -Zl- #97 " Cent. Panala prepared during the mouth for exposure included tha following; 1. 15655-6 CS, (3T and F. Chicago Math and north vortical, and Florida south vortical. Cooophor oil (supplied by Loris Berger And Sona) versus linseed oil In SUP. 2. 15685-9 CS, CH and F. Chicago south and north vertical, and Florida south vortical. Comparison* of SUP 4S0 tJndercoater and Gloss Whits system, both at OB to ZB grind. Sines the paints vare not satisfactory In all respects, this Mrlea will be repeated. Exposures examined dozing the month included the following: 1. 8067-70 ?, C, Extender Pyrux H.P.in Bex 500 Family Faint White of 1942 (lithopoue type) and SWF Bex 471 of 1942. PyTax H.P. In a mineral jyroptqrllite from B. T. Vanderbilt, of flaky structure hut with acne abrasive particles. Florida Bax 500 teets were discontinued at 2 years, Florida Bax 471 testa at 5 years, end all Chicago teats at S years. Pyrax H.P. was slightly hotter than 20 L magnesium sllloats in Florida, although showing acre tendency toward aurfaes flaking sad unarm dam-up. In Chicago tha psrforsanns throughput the entire exposure was about equal, with erosion developing slightly slower with 20 L. 2. On page 20 of the Report of Investigations for December, 1948, a progress report on exposures 9968-10025, du Pant cooperative series, was sumarlsedi This was based on nr exposures only, Chicago north sad south vertical and Florida and Coffeyville south, at 5 years. We now have a report fren du Pont on their exposures of the sene peinte. Their exposure tines end locations am Wilmington, Delaware R fl Miami, Florida Chicago, Illinois If 0 46 south Vertical south 45 south Vertical south n north 5 years 2 years 5 years 1-1/2 years 1-1/2 years Same of the exposures are less then three years In duration, because du Pant originally put up bevel siding panels without the conventional lapping and later replaced them. Ve have aamtlally triplicate exposures of each paint at each loca tion (primed with Bex 450 gray, primed with Bex 460 white and two coats self-primed), whereas they have tested only two coats self-primed. Including our comparison of bodied oil versus pre-war vehicle at each location, ve have actually 24 comparisons of each formula, as against du Pont'a ten. 0007-SWP-044461 0007-SWP-000113831 #97 .-Jfrtifat Paint Hasearch April, 1940 -22- 2. (Cant.) We can present here only the most Important conclusions from cur results, with coaaent on their agreement with ours. For most of the comparisons it ia felt .that the Wilmington vertical exposures, although only two yeara old and presenting no durability data at present, are the ones most likely to be of future, value because of the geographical factors involved. The paints which we provided are mainly orthodox variations of Rex 471 SUP Gloss White, testing BCVL and BSVL content, rutile versus anatase titanium, end bodied oil versus pre-war vehicle types. Paints contributed ty du Pont cover the same items of formulation, but loss systematically, and Include mechanically mixed lead-zinc and unusually high rutile titanium contents. (a) Citing our over-ell conclusions first, the bodied oil types are definitely superior in durability to pre-war, and somewhat better in appearance. No choice, on their tests, at Wilmington vertical or Chicago north or south. Full 5 years at Wilmington and Florida, 45 south (least acceptable conditions) oonfins both these conclusions. (b) du Pont1 s paints, especially with high rutile content, slightly more durable, but dirtier and show yellow cast. Contradicted ty their Wilmington vertical exposures, which show a history of almost identical "slight" or "very slight" dirt and yellow stain for all paints involved. Their other locations tend to confirm our results, but results on durability are not conclusive. (c) Supplementary white lead Increases durability somewhat. Mr. Singleton, of the du Pont Philadelphia laboratory, states the "tentative conclusion" that the rate of failure ia essentially equal in all the cases testing BCVL against no supplementary lead. However, since the Wilmington vertical teats show no durability data at present, we feel that our conclusion is preferable. One of the most interesting points of the whole study is the complete "follow-through" on our 141 BCWL formula and "no lead carbonate" formula (essentially Ti-Sil) as against du Pout's lead formula (17.61 BCVJL) and their "no lead carbonate" formula, the lattor being 10! higher in extender than ours. Of the 24 possible comparisons of our two formulas, 16 show definitely poorer durabil ity of the "no lead carbonate" type, plus 5 or 4 which 0007-SWP-044462 0007-SWP-000113832 *% Paint Research April, 1949 -23- #97 zJSBb- 2. (c) Cont. show equivalence (little failure having occurred), while practically all agroe on equivalent dirt collection* du Pont'a ten comparisons show the "no lead carbonate" paints slightly cleaner, tut only four show significant durability remits, rating both equally poor. Switching to du Font's paints with and without lead carbonate, cur 12 comparisons are less decisive statistically, but the "no lead carbonate" paint showed all the most obvious instances of poor durability. Dirt collection history runs almost exactly alike, du Pont1s five exposures clearly Indicate greeter dirt with no lead carbonate, one of two cases reported rates the carbonate formula most durable, the other case rates both poor. (d) Our paints specifically compare 14$ BCWL, 14$ BSVL and 7$ eff each. The durability results on our exposures are quits evenly divided, with BCVIL having a slight edge and the blend being poorer than either in several oases. There is little choice as to dirt. The du Pont exposures show no choice at all In the pre-war "type formula, but indicate In the bodied oil group that BSUL may fall some what faster than the others but has a possible advantage as to clean-up. 5. 10288-10350 7, C and 10547-10579 F, C. These groups test Trimbrite and Fume Resistant Whites and tints, the former group has been exposed S years at Chicago and essentially 2-1/2 years at Florida, the latter 55 months at Chicago and 24 months at Florida. The series is quite complex and mimeographed copies of the report havB been distributed and further copioe are available. Hence we will present here only brief highlights of the results. Most of the tests are on both cedar bevel siding and 8" x 24" white pine, both types being exposed vertical south, with the cedar also on north exposure. Further, many of the tests are both over Rex 450 Undercoater and self-primed. (a) Trimbrite Whites. These are all experimental and may be considered to cany 33$ zinc oxide, 25 - 28$ ex tender and 40$ titanium dioxide, the particular pig ments being varied. The vehicle, unless otherwise specified, uses 13 gallons of (4103) alkyd and one gal lon of phenyl mercuric naphthen&te solution. The group in which zinc oxides are varied are uniformly good, with XX-503 having a alight edge over XX-50 and ZZZ-33. OOOO-SWP-044463 0007-SWP-000113833 Paint Research April, 1949 -24- #9? -.Conti. 2. (a) Cent. A special, T 509, ewknitted from Cleveland, using only 3.5* sine oxide as Kadox, 5UC Microns Talc and 62* R 610 titanium oxide with Dovicide 6 and a special oleoreslnoua vehicle, was unsatisfactory in early stages due to mildew, and later showed bad checking and cracking. The group In which extenders and titanium are varied (the alkyd content also being cut In half) above 1969-20 P-R 200 aa better then 2188-R 200 or 2188-Titanox AA anatase. All R-200 panels have a persistant yellow cast and tendeniy toward dirt, vhlls anatase, though clean, is definitely too free chalking for Chisago exposure. A segawvt of this group else shows that less than one gallon at phenyl mercuric naphthenate Is not effective against mildew and even one gallon is far from a sure preventive. (b) Fume Resistant Whites end R*ltad foran^f- These are similar to the first group exoept for the use of Ti-Bar and a straight oleoreslnoua vehicle without fungicide. In this group there are two regular Rax 456 Fume Resist ing doss Whiles of 3-24f43 and 9-24-45, the latter being slightly higher in extender, lower In Ti-Bar and using 50/50 rutUe/snatase as against straight rutile. The straight rutile results la sons yellow cast, but this formula is definitely better in general durability. A second group compares Rex 610 Gas and Fume Resisting Whites of 1-51-59 and 4-30-40, both ossootially 60/20/20* XX-50 slno axide/magnaslum silicate/titanium. The later formula, with 2050 titanium (serai-nonchalking) la more durable than the other with 1405, but it does not prevent the heavy erosion which makes this group vezy poor at Chicago. A group called "Trim and Trellis Whites," using 412 dry leaded zinc and generally similar to Rex 471, canqares 15 gallons of (4100) alkyd against (4880)E. Both showed up well In both durability and appearance, with the alkyd having a slight edge. (c) Miscellaneous. other formulas tested include (a) regu lar Rex 471'a, pre-war, bodied oil and high anatase "post-war" formulas and (b) tints on both SWP and fuse resisting formulas. The Rex 471 samplea rate generally better than the foregoing in durability and are sur passed in appearance only ty the best of the special types. The (b) group of tests shows that fume-resisting tints are entirely practical. One using 2140 extended titanium is excellent in durability, while Gilders Whit ing seems to help in both durability end appearance as against 20 L. 0007-SWP-044464 0007-SWP-000113834 Paint Research April, 1949 -25- #97 - Coat, Lacquer Exposures A clear lacquer produced ty the Cleveland Chemical Congmny, Grover, North Carolina was compared with three of our own aatertale T91 C g, T02 C 12 and T75 C 10 for exterior durability. The submitted lacquer wee compared vith T91 C 2 and T82 C 12 on Steel and aluminum and T82 C 12 and T75 C 10 cn maple panels. The Lacquer Department did not recamsend our lacquers for exterior expoeuro on mod. However, the T82 C 12 and T7S C 10 were applied on maple in order to have some yard stick in evaluating the Cleveland Chemical Company lacquer. After 10 weeks1 exposure at 45 in Miami the Cleveland Chemi cal Coagnuy lacquer appeared equal in durability to T91 C 2 and defin itely better than T82 C 12 when applied on steal. Vham applied on aluminum, the T91 C 2 was superior to the submitted lacquer end ouch better than T82 C 12. When applied on wood the submitted lacquer was slightly better in general appearance than T82 C 12 or T76 CIO. T91 C 2 was not exposed on wood, but based on the good performance on steel end aluminum, it is quite likely that T91 C 2 would alec be superior on wood to the Cleveland Chemical Caqpaay sample. 0007-SHS-044465 0007-SWP-000113835 Paint Research March, 1949 -17- #97 - Coat. Panels 7195 - 7208 C, ? were examined after fire years' expo sure vertical south in Florida on cedar bevel siding. All are in rela tively good condition and will have to be exposed further to try to get greater differences in film condition. Chicago panels are being dis continued at 64 months, however, because of advanced erosion. The tests are based on Rex 471 SUP Gloss White of 1-22-45 (earliest oil conserva tion type, all R-200 titanium), and compare 3, 5, 7 and 10J6 each of 1779 dry - 325 mesh water ground mica from Kraft Chemical Company, CM 1581 dry - Mineralite and 2284 dry - Alsibrons micas. All are slightly to definitely better in durability than the regular guide at Florida,, with Mineralite perhaps slightly beat and Alsibrona least helpful. At Chicago, there seems to be no choice among the three, and Mineralite does not show up particularly well. The 7% and 10% additions seem definitely more help ful than the lesser amounts. A sample of Pittsburgh's Sunproof White which was reproduced on the basis of an analysis made in Cleveland, vas also tested. This carried Lehigh #635 leaded zinc, 50/50 rutile/anatase titanium, 3j 1779 mica and a vehicle quite similar to ours. This foraula was good in durability at Florida, but somewhat dirtier; at Chicago it performed about the same as others with 3% mica. Panels 7374-9 C, F, Cof. wen examined after 65 months' expo sure at Chicago north and south vertical, 65 months at Coffeyville south and 48 months In Florida south. The panels compare several titanium dioxides and titanium calciums in SWP does White, in most cases as used in certain regular formulas, both pre-war and bodied oil vehicle types. Considerable detail has been presented in the current report, March 26, 1949, and a previous report, December 20, 1945, and space does not permit discussion of the several fonnla changes and the results at all four locations. Briefly, considering early dirt eolloction history, as very important, the tests and their resuite are: (a) Pre-war. Rex 471 of 4-8-42, all 1403 anatase, shows up poorest of the entire sorieB in film durability, but has the best record for clean-up. It is essentially the only one to rate "poor1* appearance due to film failure. Rex 471 of 10-15-42, very similar but T10z all 2173 rutile, was dirtier during the first 30 months but accept ably clean in later stages; though more durable than the 1403 sam ple, it shows more failure than the bodied oil counterparts, as in (b). (b) Bodied oil. Rex 471 of 1-22-43 compares directly with that of 10-13-42, as both use all 2173, The formula of 1-22-43 rates as one of the best of the entire series except in early dirt col lection and the presence of a yellow cast. Rox 471 of 8-16-43, using 185 pounds of 2140 dry Titanox RC and 55 pounds of 1403, plus two variations, one using 2132 RC HT and the other using 50/5051 2140/2132 in place of the 2140, all have a poor dirt history, also uneven or spotty clean-up, but are relatively good in durability. The few failure differences indicate a probable inferiority on the part of 132 dry. 0007-SWP-044466 0007-SWP-000113836 Paint Research March, 1949 -16- 137 - SUP 471 The factory has been asked to sake a 100 gallon batch of SUP 471 on the latest fonaila using Nytal CW 2747 as a replacement for 20 diy. This batch is being nade to determine if a satisfactory paint can be made without grinding the Nyt&l. The Nytal 300 is to be stirred into the paste when it is reduced. If the small batch appears to be satisfactory in gloss and other properties a larger batch will be made on the Premier mill. The Varnish-Resin Laboratory submitted CTV 7099, a P.E. soya ester based on Aliphat 54 B which was compared with High Polymer Oil AV-1123 and linseed (510) in SUP. CTV 7099 had a body of Z* +, an acid value of 8.2 and a color of 15 - 14. The SVP's carrying the usual 19 gallons of bodied oil compared as follows: Visoosity Drying Properties Bodied #3 Orifice Batch Oil Deed Fresh 3 Days 5 Days Set-to-touch O'Nite Color Glosa 894 M (310) 18.4" 25.2" 25.4" 7 hr. 15 min. Good Good Good 895 M CTV 7099 26" 35.2" 55.2" 6 hr. 10 min. Good- SI. Good- yellow 896 M AV 1125 17.6" 21.2" 21" 6 hr. 10 min. Very Good good Good- panels 13488 - 95 C3, CN and F were prepared for exposure south and north vertical Chicago and south vertical Florida.- The paints com pare Sierra Talc Fibrene C-400 as an extender in SttP versus 20 dry magneslum silicate, 1969 dry Micronised Talc and 2203 dry Carbola Talc. Panels 13496 - 505. CS, CN and P were prepared for exposure as above, comparing batches of SUP Gloss White containing (5316) as it was made in Chicago, Cleveland and Oakland, and as mads by & solvent process. Special oils include ADM'e 65-1 oil and eafflower oils, and an all-linseed paint am a guide. Sicca Soya Paint Company' a Sta-Par paint was also in cluded. Panels 13542 CS and Of were prepared for exposure south and north vertical at Chicago to determine whether Versene added to house paint would help In controlling nail head rusting. 0007-SWP-044467 0007-SWP-000113837 Paint Research February,1 1949 -25#97 - Cant. Panels prepared for exposure during the month include: 1. 15429-54 CS, CN. To cheek the suggestion received from the Northern Regional Laboratory that CaO ground into house paints would Improve drying. Three types of vehicles were used: (1) all linseed; (2) 6056 linseed, 52} soya and 8} tung, (3) 92} soya, 8} tung. No improvement was found in aet-totouch time and through drying was aomevhat slower, except for slightly faster set with vehicle (5); Exposures Chicago south and north vertical; See page 22, Monthly Report for August, 1949. 2; 13450-91 CS, CM, F. Exposures of institutional house paints sent in for survey in August, 1948. Exposures Chicago south and north vertical, Florida south vertical; 3. 15462-5 CS, CN. Comparison of 60 pounds basic carbonate white lead In SWF versus 60 pounds lead lincleats, to observe effects on durability, especially erosion. Chicago south and north vertical. Series of house paint exposures examined during -the month included the following: 8669-80 F; 36 months Florida vertical south; Comparison of "three hundred" series of bodied linaeed oils versus "five hundred" series, using larger amounts of lower bodied oils, decreasing as the body increases, Substantially equal per formance, indicating considerable latitude in selection of bodied oils. 0007-SWP-044468 0007-SWP-000113838 Paint Research February, 1949 -22- m - Cont. frtch Inert Qu YfaWfifr ~J9 Emfe SklBb. 836 M 2205-2201 19 gala. (510) 29-5/8 gals. (2) 28" 857 M a it 19 eala. AT 1101 29-5/8 gals. (2) 16.8 858 M a tt 19 gala. AT 1101 56.6 29-3/8 gals. AT 1100 859 M ft ft 19 gala. CTV 7086 19 29-5/8 gala. (2) 840 M ft a 19 gala. CTV 7086 44 9-5/8 gala. CTT 7035 841 K * a 19 gala. CTT 7082 25 29-5/8 gala. (2) 842 M n 19 gala. CTT 7080 51 29-5/8 gala. CTT 7082 40.2" 17.6 42.4 20.4 44.2 28 54.4 finuhlnff StftQdArd Quite free Sticky Good Sticky Good OK iSK Good Good- Very good SI. short Short 31. short Short Gloss Good SI. low Very good SI. low Low al low Low 856 M B59 M MartinSenour 20 Dry ft 860 M 661 M ft ft 862 K 865 H ft ft 364 M 865 H II n 19 gala. (510) 29-5/8 gala. (2) 52 52.4 19 gala. AT 1101 6 " (798) . 25-5/8 gala. (2) 27 26.4 19 gala. AT 1101 66 29-5/8 gals. AT 1100 76 19 gala. CTT 7068 6 (798) 25-3/8 gala. (2) 52 50.2 19 gala. CTT 7066 64 29-5/8 gala. CTT 7085 54.6 19 gala. CTT 7082 6 gala. (798) 23-5/8 gala. (2) 54 56.6 19 gals. CTV 7082 50 29-5/8 gala. CTT 7080 67 19 gals. CTV 7086 45 + 65 29-5/8 g.CJV 7090 1/4 cup Standard Good SI. SI. short low It Low Sticky Short ft Good SI. short ft Sticky Short ft SI. sticky SI. short ft Sticky Short ft ft ft II 0007-SWP-044469 0007-SWP-000113839 Point Research February, 1949 4ei- The Varnish-Rosin Laboratory boo submitted five P.E. eBters based on Pl&stoleln DC and Aliphat $4 8, for evaluation In SVP, end com parison with Or. Bunn's P.E. says enters AV 1100 and 1101. The char acteristics of the Varnish-Resin esters are as follower SDL 7080 Pattr Acidi Plastolain DO ELasaflifr D Asidjwai 6.4 Color 11 . Time 9 hours 7082 7085 7006 7090 It If Aliphat 54 8 nn nn Za G Za D+ 6.5 14 25 " 6.9 11-12 4" 4.5 15-14 18 " 6.3 11-12 -- Experimental batches of SVP made with these esters were not satis- . factory for flow or (loss end somewhat yellow in appearance. P.E. eoya esters AV 1100 and AV 1101 in general were somewhat superior to the Plastolein or Alipfaat esters in these reapeeta, but none equalled the all linseed vehicle SVP in all around performance. When the vehicle was entirely P.E. esters the brushing waa sticky in ell cases,. although with AV 1100 plus AV 1101 flow sad gloss were on the high side. The Varnish-Resin Laboratory will repeat CTV 7066 in m effort to increase the body, reduce the acid value and improve flow ohargctaristioe. Some trouble also has been encountered with high viscosities when 20 dry is used. Paint* made with 2205 and 2201 dries have lower bodies and better flow and gloss regardless of which vehicle is used. Chart follows. 0007-SWP-044470 0007-SWP-000113840 The ALL ALUMINUM "MIDGET LOUVER" Z, 2Yz & 4 inches in diameter THE ANSWER TO MANY OF YOUR VENTILATING PROBLEMS ROOFERS BUILDERS PAINTERS INSULATORS TERMITE CONTROL COMPANIES Use than - - - Flat roofs - - Eaves and Soffit - - Unexcavated areas - - Sidewalls - - Gable Ends Manjr other uses. pat en t pen d ing Cr mu ). ScsIkM Printed m u j, A Midget Louver Company 8 Wall Street Norwalk, Connecticut Easy to Install - Simply drill a corresponding size hole and insert the "Midget Louver." No nails or screws needed. Swedge fasteners, equally spaced, keep it in place. Aluminum Screen to keep out insects. Slots for tension. Water Deflectors keep out rain. Another NEW Size One Inch for storm-sash, closets, boats etc. "Midgait" Louver* 1, 2,2iand 4 inches in diameter. 0007-SWP-044471 0007-SWP-000113841 Y* -4 Son* of the now constructions using sheet metal for en exterior flnieh over conventional materials rely principally on Tent Hat ion to the weather to carry off axsees moisture. Thit is very practical and has only a minor, effect in increasing the heat loesas from the house. Condensation in attios is essentially the sane ea condensation within the walls. Moisture nay migrate out through the pleater or interior finish of the walls and then riae through openings to the attio. Some times the noisture originates in the basement and nigrates up through the walls to the underside of the roof. It is not unooeaion to find loioles forming from protruding nails or natal and, whan the warn sun strikes the roof, to have water spate fnra on the callings of top-story rooms, It is Important in this ease, as always, to recognise the siuroe of the vapor. Often ail that Is required is to adequately ventilate the attio. Two or nors louvers, with s total area of at least l/SOO of the attio floor area and plaoed at apposite ends of the attio, are usually sufficient. A vepor barrier effectively applied to the warn side of the sailing wiil help materially, Weather stripping nay be added to tbn doors biosing the ontranos to tho attio, Thic will prevent air currents from oarrying moisture to the attio from tho lower part of the houso, If the attio ia to b# used for living quartan, insulation oan be added between the rafters and a vapor barrier installed on the warm loser surface, A apaee of several inohes should bo loft between the insulation and the roof boards. This spaoe should be vented to tho outoide at the ridge end in acme oases venting at the eaves will bs helpful. All rafter paces oan vent Into tho opaoe above tho oollar beams and in turn out through soroenod louvers at tho gable onda. Flat roofs may bo treated similarly but oiroulation will bs less positive. A vapor barrier is raoommended and, perhaps, a fan will be required to provide more positive oiroulation. 0007-SWP-044472 i 0007-SWP-000113842  *! -5-. It is rat hap difficult to altar tha cooking, bathing, and laundering habits of a family, and perhaps the potted plants must stay. Son# alteration to tha building may be necessary to raduoe the humidity and control the moisture. Basements, and orawl spaces in unexoavated areas, should be oheoked to see if they are sources of humidity. The walls may appear dry in a warm basement only because the hast evaporates the water before it comes to the eurfaoe. The invisible vapor then works its way through the hoaee to the trouble area. Basement walls can be painted with points having 1cm water-vapor transmission rates. Condensation frequently occurs on basement walls and floors during tha summer months. This is oaused by the humid atmosphere coming in oontaot with the oold masonry. The ground surface under orawl spaces can be covered with asphalt roofing to reduoe the amount of water evaporated, Tha only requirements are that the ground be fairly even and the roofing should lap four inohss at the joints. Cement or oaulking for the edges of the roofing is unnecessary in most cases. Where reduoing the humidity proves to be iapraotieal, there are other thinga you oan do. Condensation on windows oan be controlled readily by the use of storm sash. The addition of the outer sash raises the temperature of the inner glass surfaoe, and reduoes the likelihood of condensation. While the storm sash should fit neatly, they should not be too tight. Provision for ventiletion from the outside to the specs between the glass should be made in oases whsre condensation, usually frost, oolleots on the inside surfaoe of the cuter sash. Holes at top end bottom of the sash will often help to accomplish this. Where condensation is observed or suapeoted inside the walls, some treatment mist be given to reduoe the fleer of vapor to the trouble ereR, You notioe water, caused by condensation, dripping from the wall during a thaw after a oold snap. Paint any blister or peel from the siding, These symptoms usually show first on the northern exposure of the house where the walls are oolder. A very effective barrier to the flow of vapor is several oosts of high-gloss oil paint on plaster. A finish seat of low-gloss paint or wallpapsr may then be used over the highgloss paint serving as e barrier. Proper ventilation of the wall will reduoe humidity within the wall. One-Inch holes, one in eaoh running foot of wall, et the top and bottom of the oold air spaoe in a oavity wall, venting to the outside of the house will prevent considerable oondensation troubles.. Regulate the Flow of Vapor. In new oonstruetion, where the remedies ars not so limited, a barrier to the passage of vapor may be plaoed within the wall, somewhere near the warm surfaoe. Host good insulations are supplied with excellent vapor barriers atteohed to thw warm'surfaces Careful consideration should be given these barriers at the time of installation. They should be neatly applied and proteoted fran rupture, Naw as Trail as reconditioned construction should also avoid the us- of vapor-tight papers and felts as sheathing papers. Sheathing pepar ie intended to shed liquid water, but it whould not impede the passage of vapor. in faot, a vapor barrier applied between sheathing and siding would be a misapplied vapor barrier and could be the source of serious trouble. 0007-SWP-044473 0007-SWP-000113843 1 2- Modern conveniences ere big oontributors to excessive humidity sine a they encourage the use of mora water more frequently. More frequent laundering and bathing increase humidity. Cooking end hasting with unwanted fuel burning equipment also oontribute moisture. In some oases, moisture stay ease from the ground through unwonted orswl sprees or from basements. Potted plants and similar trlnmings add same moisture to the air. Respiration by human beings end animal pets, along with evapora tion from the skin, oontribute humidity. The sources of humidity are many. Sene hemes are adding to the difficulties by the use of humidifiers In seme rooms. Recognise the Source of Humidity. Houses are being bnilt tightly in an attempt to ei*feot a better appearanoe end fuel sawings. This is made possible by a better understanding of ths properties of materials. The reduction in openings end erewioes reduoes the infiltration of relatively dry outside air. This reduoes the sweeping notion which earriss moisture out of the house. For eoonemio reasons there la a tendency to build houses smaller. More efficient use of apaoe inoreases the number of ooouponta per oubio foot of volume. In one test mads reoently, a wall was constructed with studs, sheathing, building paper and clapboard siding on the outaidej l" insulation without vapor berries, an air spaoe, and an inside well finish of 3/6" gypsum board an the inside. The temperature on the inside of the well was kept at 70 F. and the relative humidity at 38#. The outeide of the wall was kept et 0 F. These oonditiosa were maintained for a period of four weeks. At the end of that period we found a great deal of moisture on the sheathing boards between eooh etud. A similar wall was then oonstruetnd in exactly the same way except that aluminum foil, an excellent vapor barrier, was installed before the interior wall covering was installed. The seme temperature and humidity conditions were maintained for this wall for a similar period of time, and at the end of the tins, no aoousulatlon of moisture was present. Tfhile the test conditions were moderately aeoelerated, they were not considered unduly severe. The results are sute svldenoe of the need for vapor control. For a while it was thought that the water elwoya came from the outside of the house. But it has been proved that this is not so, and the information is spreading so that most people now knew that the diffioulty comes from inside the house. Reduos the Humidity. There ore several very effective remedies which orn bo used to overoome condensation troubles, the particular remedy to be used depending on the location of the trouble. No alterations to the building will be neoessary if the humidity inside the house oan be reduoed sufficiently. This is the same as removing the vapor before enough of it accumulates to condense on yeur windows or walls, ftiaidity may be reduoed in several ways. The major soirees of humidity shoild be removed. Certainly any humidifying trays should be drained. Large amounts of laundry should be dried out-ofdoors or in wall-ventilated apaoe. If the humidity condition is very bed, it may bo neoessary to ventilate the house with a controlled amount of air from outside the house. 0007-SWP-044474 0007-SWP-00011 W;..JM i VH =* >' ... 'f' IS YOUR HOTSS ALL WET? S. Rt Queer and B. R. MaLsughlin Copied from "The American Ho bo ", November, 1947, pp, 4142. Water *S an Enemy. The followingartijOle wai written especially for THK ABgftldAN j}Sms "by Professor B. R, Qpoer and Assistant Professor E. R. McLaughlin of the Engineering fejperlment Station of tho Pennsylvania Stato Collage. Tho Engineering Experiment Station hat boon oo-opwrating for the past errorel year* with the National Houaing Agenoy in reaearoh experimentation os thie and atony other'subjects that beaet the homwownsr. They hare asaenbled teohnioal data os the perforaanoe of sew materials and sew methods of oosetruetlon suitable for uae in Obtaining atruoturolly adequate! eatiafaetory, durable, and livable homes. The homeowner who haa to oope with tweeting walla and wihdowe will find here the very latest findings on what stops to taka to and condensation. -- The Editors. Water is an anamy of many building materials, and that it one reason why the roof of a house is designed to shad rain and the exterior walls to proteot the house fr cm the elements. These si^le presactions were sufficient in days past because they also serred their purpose in protect ing the oooupente of Amarioa'n homes from rain, sleet, and other vagarioe of weather. However, in more resent years the quest for e more comfortable dwelling, and one that could ba heated economically, brought sorta in additions In conventional construction. These additions inoludod insulation in the walla, weather (tripping around doors' and windows, osulking material in all eraolca and ersvioes, and etona sash. Along with the comfort and soonosy that these changes brought, oame, in tumorous oases, trouble. The reason for this moisture trotible waa that one aspect of all theee improve ments had been overlooked. A tight house had reduced the trnnefer of heat from the inside out, but water vapor vtill reamed at random inside and, in many oases, the improvement aggravated condition. All gaeea diffuse rapidly and tend to fill the space enclosing them complete ly. Water vapor, like other gaeea, enjoys thie property. Then when encugh moisture oolleete in a given area, it will oondtnse on any oold surfaoes of the roam or inside tho walla of the house. This oondeniation first appears as tiny droplets and later begins to run down ths walls or othar surfeoe In the form of water. The droplets have suggested the tens sweating." if the moisture concentration is high enough, this oondensstion oan ooour at any normal tenperature. As long as houses were built large and were not too tightly oonatruoted the water vapor oonoantrstlon or "humidity" inside did not rise to a dangerous point. During the hestlng season, whan the humidity was low outside, enough moisture-laden air from the l&aide would eaoape through creeks end orovioes or through the walls themselves to keep the indoor humidity at a low level. 0007-SWP-044475 0007-SWP-000113845 WAR 2 8 1949 Cleveland Dr* J. C* Weaver Chian go #6 P9i /KT 33| ^jecY Paint Research Hareh 22, 1949 Moisture Condensation in Dwellings The attaohed artlala which appaarad in "Tha American Bona* in November, 1947 was eallad to oar attantloa by tha Saw Jaray Zinc Salas Company. It la a rathar oapabla and praotioal handling of tha problan of moisture in dwalllnga a it influences paint performance. In oonnaot ion with tha wanting of moiatura, aa diaeueaed in tha fourth paragraph on page 5, we would like to oall your atten tion to tha alumina "Midget Louvar" whioh ia offarad by the Midget Louver Conpaiy, 6-8 Wall Street, Norwalk, Connect lout. A repro duction of tha first page of their brochure is attached. WLiMBB Director of Paint Reesaroh 0007-SWP-044476 0007-SWP-000113846 (4) Characteristics Suspending Agent SWP Undercoater - Rex 450 (Poxwula 12-29-48) Using CTV 7066-CV 49 50/30/20 Closed Kettle *4 Viscosities Batch No, Fresh O'Nit 5 Days 10 Davs 15 Days 30 Days 60 Days 547 Dry + (12)V 772 M 24" 50.6" 31" (ie)w 773 M 22 24.8 26.4 None 774 M 19 a.8 25.4 547 Dry 775 M 20.4 22 25.6 1826 Dry 776 M 20.6 25.6 27.2 CU (2343) 777 M 23.6 2270 Dry 7/ M 17.2 (12)W with DV 103 779 rp- (12)W + 13?6 Dry 700 V 26 18 41 24,4 2B.6 18.6 44.6 3Vr dors Vhite 471 - Card No. 51 Using CTV '*066-07 49 50/30/20 Closed anUIf *4 Viscosities Characteristics Batch Suspending Agent No. Frash O'Nlte 5 Days 10 Da:, s 15 Davs 50 Days 60 Pays (12)V + 547 781 K 35.8" 43" 50" (12)W None 547 Dry 1826 Dry 702 h 54 783 M c-.Z784 M 27.6 785 M 26 42 36.6 39 34 42 42.4 44.4 41.8 CW (2343) 78 6 M 36.8 2270 Dry 787 M 27.4 Paints 723 M, 752 M 770 M and 788 M are made with (310) 788 M and (12)N 37.6 39.8 29.6 43 45 32.2 52 + (12)V + 1826 Dry 789 M 35.2 41.6 46 *4 - CTV 7066 - Top Heat 350 F. CV 49 - 50/30/20 No fatty acids Small closed kettle used in making Body - H this oil. A. V. - 9.0 Color - 6 0007-SWP-044477 0007-SWP-000113847 -sr : (3) SWP Undercoater - Hex 450 (Formula 12-29-46) Using CTV 7065-CV 49-All Linseed Closed Kettle *5 Characteristics Viscosities Batch Suspending Aeent No. Fresh 3 Days 5 Days 10 Days 15 Days 547 Dry + (12)W 754 M 21.8" 26" 24.2" 23.4" (12)W 755 M 10.8 22.4 21.8 20.4 None 756 M 16.2 10.6 19.8 19.6 47 Dry 757 M 21 22.6 23 24 1826 Dry 758 M 16.6 19.2 20 20.6 CVf (2342) 759 M 19 20.8 20 20.4 2270 Dry 760 M 15.6 17 17 17 (12)W vith BW 103 761 M HI 30 32 34.6 (12)V + 1826 Dry 762 H 19.5 27.6 27.8 30 SWP Gloss White - Rex 471 - Card No. 51 Using CTV 7065-CV 49-413. Linseed Closed Kettle *3 Characteristics Batch Viscoeitiee Suspending Agent___No. Fresh O'Kite 3 Days 10 Days 15 Days : (12)W + 547 763 M 56.2" 42" 40.6" 48.6" (12)W 764 M 35 36 None 765 M 24 30.4 547 Dry 766 M 26 31 1826 Dry 767 K 30 34.2 CT (2545) 768 M 33.2 34.8 2270 Dry 769 M 27 28 Paints 725 M, 752 M 770 M and 788 M are made with (310) 770 M and (12)V 33.6 47 39 36 35 37 37 30 46 43 40 41.4 43.6 41 31.4 59 (12)W + 1826 Dry 771 M 31.2 38 39 50 *2 - CTV 7065 - Top heat 550 F, CV 49 - All Linseed Small closed kettle Body - G A. V. - 9 Color - 9-10 Ho fatty acids used in making this oil. 0007-SWP-044478 0007-SWP-000113848 rt - (2) Characteristics Suspending Agent SWP Undercoater - Rc 456 (Formula 12-29-48) Using (48) Large Closed Kettle *2 Viscosities Batch No. Fresh 0'Nite 3 Days 10.Days 15 Davs 30 Days 60 Days 547 Dry + (12)V (12)W 731 M 27" 732 M 20 25.2" 21.2 24" a,4 27" 20.2 27.2" a ivone 547 Dry 735 M. 19 734 M 25 20 a 18.4 19.6 18.6 20. . 21 20.6 1826 Dry 735 M 19 19.6 19.8 21 21.6 CW (2343) 736 M 20 20.2 20 19.2 20.6 2270 Dry 757 M 17.2 18.2 16.8 16 16.8 (l2)'.f with BV 103 73B M 22.4 29 54 40.8 44 (12)W + 1826 Dry 739 M 20 22.2 22 23.2 22.4 Characteristic s Suspending Agent SWP Gloss White - Rex 471 - Card No. 51 Using (48) Large Closed Kettle *2 Viscosities Batch No. Fresh 0'Nite 2 Days 6 Days 9 Days 15 Days 30 Davs 60 Days (12)V + 547 745 M 39" 59.8" 41" 39" 37" 37" <12)V 746 M 28 35.2 55 34 35.4 31.2 None 747 M 23 25.8 27.6 33 30.4 30,6 547 Dry 748 M 27 55.6 53 34.2 34.6 33 1826 Dry 749 M 29 29.6 32 34 34.2 56.8 CV (2543) 2270 Dry 750 M 31.2 31 751 M 26 25 32 26.4 32.2 27 32 25.4 32.8 25.4 Paints 723 M, 752 M 770 M and 788 M are made with (310) 752 M and (12) 37.4 50.6 65 + 65 + 60 + 50 + 1/8 cup 1/4 cup (12)W + 1826 Dry 753 M 35.4 36 45.4 55 + 54 + 64 *2 - CV 49 Base (Closed Kettle) Body - 58-1/2" G-H A. V. - 5,4 No fatty acids were used in making this oil. 00C7-SWP-044479 0007-SWP-000113849 rfaU 4lUMk 4U 0007-SWP-044480 0007-SWP-000113850 Characteristics Suspending Agent SVfP Undercoater - Rex 450 (Formula 12-29-48) Using (48) Small Open Kettle *1 Viscosities Batch No. _ Fresh 5 Davs 5 Davs 10 Davs 15 Days 50 Days 60 Days 547 Diy + (12)W 707 M 25" 39" 40" 41" 41" (12)U 708 M 20 24 25.2 24 23.8 None 709 M 16 22 25.2 25 24 547 Diy 710 M 25 26.2 26 26 26i6 1B26 Dry 711 M 20 24 24 25.2 25 CW (2345) 712 M 21 23.8 25 25.4 22.4 2270 Diy 713 M 16.4 18 16.6 17 17.4 (12)W with BW 103 714 M 23 37 39.4 41.2 41.2 (12)V + 1326 Diy 715 M 25 51 30.2 29.2 32 Characteristics Suspending Agent SWP Gloss White - Rex 471 - CaTd Mo. 51 Using (48) Small Open Kettle *1 Viscosities Batch No. Freeh Q'Nlte 3 Days 10 Pars 15 Days 50 Days 60 Days (12)W + 547 716 M 48" 48" 50" + 53" + 56" (12)W 717 M 45 . 53.8 51 + 52 + 50 None 718 M 29.3 59 49 47 + 50 547 Diy 719 M 44 47.6 45 + 45 + 52.6 1826 Dry 720 M 34 CW (2343) 721 M 39 2270 Dry 722 M 26.4 Paints 723 M, 752 M 770 M and 788 M are made with (310) 723 M and (12)W 29 42 45.4 51 37 49 45 33 39 45 + 44 35.8 52.6 42.6 34.4 39 36 (12)W + 1826 Dry 724 M 46 55 + 53 + 54 + 51 *1 - (48) 50/30/20 (Open Kettle) Body - 52" G-H A. V.- 9,6 Color - 9 No fatty acids were U6ed in making thi3 oil. 0007-SWP-044481 . 'IKf1 . y' - Jt>cT Vurer L t Sus/^': ia lM FEB 21 1949 0007-SWP-044482 0007-SWP-000113852 Paint Research January, 1949 -11- #97 - SWP 471 Considerable work has been under way to determine the reason for the progressive increase in viscosity of SWF end 450 Dndercoater. Test paints have been made covering a large number of variations In pigmentation, type of bodied oil, suspending agents, etc. To date vre have been un&blc to identity any one component responsible for the after-body tendencies of these formulas At the present time it appears that six pounds of lecithin - 2270 dry without water produces the lowest initial viscosity and shows the least tendency to body in both Rex 450 end Rex 471 formulations. This work will be continued. Further studies have been made of the use of F. E. soya esters AV 1100 and AV 1101 in SVP Gloss White, tints and 450 Undercoater. Three formulas wore developed using 50? of the oils as P. E. soya esters. Arrangements were made with the factory to make 50 gallon batches for house tests this spring. Alternate formulations were also developed to use Kytal 500 - 1989 dry, 2201 - 1989 dry and 2205 dry as alternates for 20 dry. Work is now under way to set up similar formulas using P. E. soya esters as 40? of the total oil. The Resin Research Department submitted a number of bodied oils made by the Eckey process and two made by the direct process. The bodied oils initially submitted were checked for drying as clear films using the following drier content: 0.346? Pb, 0.014? Ifa and 0.018? Co. In the clear films the Eckey oils set-to-touch in approximately half the time required for similar oils made ly the direct process. However, when the oils were used in SWP for the bodied oil portion of the formula the margin in drying was not evident. Actually in the Colonial fellow, the Eckey 65/55 oils (RC 0810 and RC 0857) were slower in drying than the direct process oil, EC 1547. The various paints are to be exposed at Chicago north and south an cedar siding. A close check will bo made on gloss and dirt collection tendencies during the exposure cycle. A study of the drying characteristics of various SWP formula tions has been completed with the RCI Drying Recorder. Results are of interest in that the comparative performance of pre-war vs. current SWP is demonstrated as well as the effect of pigment composition. The tests are as follows: 0007-SWP-044483 0007-SWP-000113853 Faint Research January, 1949 -0,2- #97 - Cont. Paint No. Deseriotian Tear Point OJ 596 M Rex 471 Pre-war formula of 4-8-42. 490 min. RB 2595 Rex 471 Card 49, using 412 dry leaded zinc plus basic carbonate white lead. 350 O 3 RB 2472 Rex 471 Card 50, using 412 dry leaded zinc- RB 2436 Rax 471 Card 50, using 414/511 leaded zincs. 430 " RB 2457 Rex 471 Card 50, using 414A8 * " " 520 " RB 2473 Rex 471 Experimental, using 1410 dry leaded zinc. 500 " RB 2433 R Rex 436 Card 13 SWP Fume Resisting White 450 Break Point 840 min. 550 n 620 tt 760 n 760 ft 710 i> 650 n. Ths Improved through-dry properties of the bodied oil formula are evidenced ty the proximity of ths tear and break points. These data also illustrate the slower drying properties of the paints formulated with 414 dry loaded zinc,. Cold weather drying of lead vs. non-lead containing paints shows drying rate to be proportional under adverse as well as good conditions. Room Drying Conditions - 75 F. Tear Point Break Point Rex 471, card 49, containing 412 dry + 60 pounds 19 dry 5 hours 7-1/4 hours Rex 456, card 13 - SUP Fume Hesisthig White (lead-free) Cold Weather Drying - 50 F. 6-3/4 hours B-l/4 hours Rex 471 Rex 436 14-1/4 hours 16 hours 20-1/4 hours 20-5/4 hours In addition to the data reported in December, the factory has now completed 11 additional batches of SWP Gloss White made with Nytal 300 on the 3-t o 11 mill. These batches were checked for grind, viscosity and production rate. The average production rate for SWP made on the 5-roll mill for the past six months is 239 gallons per hour. The pro duction on SUP made with Nytal 500 (CW 2747) on the 3-roll mill up to January 14, 1949 ran as follows: 0007-SWP-044484 0007-SWP-000113854 4*97 - Cont. Paint Research January, 1949 -13- Date 1-3-49 1-5 1-6 1-6 1-10 1-10 1-11 Size 1500 gals, 1500 ft 1800 1500 ft 1800 11 1500 ft 1B00 ft Gala./Hr. 375 333.3 312.8 300 288 353.3 248.2 Grind 2H 2H 1H 2 ft 2H 2H 2H T. Vt. 14,81 If It 14.88 14,61 II ft A. Wt. 14.75 14,67 14.60 14.76 14.69 14.61 14.69 Viscosity #3 27* 32" 30" 30" 30" 2SP 26" 1-12 1-15 1500 II 1800 ft 250 288 2 K n 14.72 2 H n 14.75 20" 26" 1-14 1-14 1500 It 1800 ft 315.7 2 H ii 14.76 300 2 H n 14.78 29" 28" Average production rate - 304 gals ./hr. Based on the above batches, Nytal 300 grinds 27.2$ faster than the average production for the past six months. Panels 13378 - 407 CS, CN and F were prepared for exposure south and north vertical in Chicago and south vertical in Florida. The paints were described in detail on pages 11 - 16 of the October, 1948 report. The oils used in the paints were a group of 65$ soybean/35$ tung oil combinations prepared by Resin Research. This set of panels includes whites and Colonial tallow tints which dried at 40 - 50 F. to check the effects of adverse drying conditions on dirt collection. The set will oc repeated this sunnier under good drying conditions. Panels 13361-9 CS, CN, K and F were prepared for exposure south and north vertical in Chicago and south vertical in Coffcyville and Florida. The paints wore described on page 22 of the July, 1948 report. They evalu ate Myvoil 2 which is a molecularly distilled soybean oil. 0007-SWP-044485 0007-SWP-000113855 Paint Research January, 1949 -14- #97 - Cont. Panels 15522-50 C.aad F were prepared for exposure at 45 Bouth in Chicago and Florida. This is a test of clear lacquers including a special containing a solvent-plasticizer which was submitted by M. C. Hardin. It is supposed to improve the durability of clear lacquers. The following sets of panels were examined during the month: 1. 10945-57. 24 months at Florida, vortical south, with consideration also being given to the Chicago exposures at 21 months, north end south. These tests are on cedar beveled siding, primed with Rex 450 Undercoater. Four bodied soyas wsre used to replace linseed (48) in both SWP Gloss White and Cream: (a) Bis soya air-blown, (b) soya bodied using S02, (c) eatalyst-bodiod Boya, end (d) 80/20$ (127S)/(140) (soya/CWO). As reported previously at about 14 months, there is essentially no difference due to any of these oils as re gards dirt or tint-retention. Sample (d) might have a slight edge in general appearance factors, with (b) and (c) very slightly more dirty in some cases. However, there is noticeable failure at Florida at two years, and all the special o IIb show more checking than the regular, (d) again having a very slight edge over (a), (b) and (c). At Chicago the testa all look clean and good except for dirt on the tints on north exposure. There is no failure except incipient erosion, which seems to be slightly worse with (d) than the others. The series also includes Rex 471 formulas using regular oils and testing 100$ 2175 dry versus 50/50$ 2173/1403 versus 100$ 1403 (basic formula for the oil tests). These tests show the char acteristic trends toward good durability but yellowness end .dirt due to raitile and good clean-up but more chalk and erosion due to onatase. 2, Panels 10997-11004 F. Examined after two years' exposure vertical south at Florida. Those ere tests of low p.v.c. house points, ex posed on cedar siding both as two coats self-primod and primed with Rex 450 Undercoater, regular Rex 471 being used as a guide paint. Titanium Pigment Corporation's EX-4508, which uses a pigmentation of 168 pounds each of 1405 Ti02 and 2295 zinc oxide and 224 pounds of 18 dry 3CUL, with a limed oil vehicle, was the formula tested. Vari ations consisted of three samples of limed oil made by the Varnish Research Department. As compared to Rox 471, the specials are slightly to definitely poorer as regards checking and cracking; their appearance is good due to general whiteness and cleanness, but they seam to hold noticeable mildew, while Rox 471 docs not. Thero is little to choose among the three limed oils, CVR-599-1, CVR-500 and CVR-602, although thB CVR-600 seems unusually poor In the test using Rex 450. The CVR materials are simply three attempts to match T. P. Co.'s limed oil VM-2182M7, using (44) and (520); CVR-539-1 was the least satisfactory, being low in acid value and body, while CVR-602 was very dose to the desired characteristics. 0007-SWP-044486 0007-SWP-000113856 #97 - Cont. Paint Research January, 1949 -15- 3, Exposures 11572-11610 F and C. Examined after 18 months at Florida and 20 months at Chicago, vertical south. These are old versus pro posed nev formulations for Institutional second quality house paints. Considerable time was spent on the examination and on writing a pro gress report, which emphasises the Florida exposures and is a final report as far as they aro concerned. Since it is Impossible to pre sent all significant details of formulation or results here, we expect to have copioa of the report available for all who are inter ested. For instance, complete cost figures as of the time the tests were put out and aa of the present will be in the progress report. The panels are all cedar beveled siding, prepared as 2-coat Belfprimod work with one pint of (2) per gallon added to the first coat. (a) Rex 300 S-W Family Paint of 1-5-45 is the basic outside white formula, using 150 pounds of 412, 270 pounds rf 2152 and 500 pounds of asbestine. All formulas, unless otherwise specified, use a 100? linseed vehicle, usually (2) -(48). Variations of the Rex 500 formila include the use of 1271 and of 1403 anatase titanium pigments for part of the 2152, of 568 calcium carbonate for 20 L and of increased 412 (to 275 pounds). At 18 months Florida, the guide (basic) formula is "average," with considerable microscopic failure and quite serious dirt which is largely mildew. 1271 and 1405 give not only a cleaner film, but slightly better dura bility; however, Chicago results show increased erosion due to their use, 566 seems to allow more dirt at Florida, and at both locations seems to result in slightly more failure. The inoreaae In 412 decreases mildew growth, with no other appreciable effect so far at either location. (b) Other whites tested are, briefly; (l) Lucas Sultana (old), 500 pounds lithopone, 150 pounds 412, 265 pounds 20 L va. a revision as of 8-21-44 using 245 pounds 414, 215 pounds 18, 50 pounds 2269, 420 pounds 20 dry and 19 gallons of (2310)F flah oil. The lithopone type is very poor in all respects at both locations, while the newer type is better but showB a heavy checking at Florida, very likely due to the fish oil. (2) Lucas Dura-Mix, an MS-130 type made on a formula of 9-10-42, is extremely bad as to mildew and tandB to erode at Chicago, although it is far from clean. (3) Central A-l high in 2140 and containing some fflrpeum, is similar to DuraMix at Florida and is dirtiest of all at Chicago. 0007-SWP-044487 0007-SWP-000113857 1 Paint Research January, 1949 -16#97 - Cont. 3, (c) S-V Family Paint Pint Base of 7-6-42 is the basis of several proposed formulations. It Is high in leaded zinc, vith 20 L and 1194 whiting as extenders and carrying 14 gallons of (629) long oil rosin varnish. These tints are more difficult to evaluate because of the combination of dirt and fading effects at the two locations (also there are two shades, Colonial fel low and Westchester Gray), but the most noticeable results are, briefly: (l) considerable improvement in durability due to elimination of (629) and replacement vith bodied oil, (2) the same due to changing to approximately 1/5 412, 1/3 2140 and 1/3 20 L, (3) better color but possibly poorer durability due to use of 666, and (4) reduction in dirt due to 2203 and to 1194 (separately) as inerts, although 2205 seems to hinder durability. (d) Other tints tested, briefly) (1) Sultana, with lithopone. Very dirty (mildew) and failing seriously. (2) Lucas, MS-130 type. Good color, but very dirty and showing bad checking at Florida as well as erosion at Chicago. (3) Central A-l, same as above but tinted. Very bad in both fading and dirt, although failing less than (1) and (2). (4) SUP Tint Base of 6-26-44. Very good film, but quite dirty and not outstanding in tint retention. 0007-SWP-044488 0007-SWP-000113858