Document Z4QDZmedXKZ9X6QqrR3Kwb1k8

622 CHAPTER 27 1955 Guide i- of manufacture. Note that the joint factor, c, is not included for plain end non-ferrous pipe as listed in Table 2. In addition to IPS copper pipe, several varieties of copper tubing are in use with either flared or compression couplings or soldered joints. Dimen sions of copper water tubing intended for plumbing, underground water service, fuel-oil lines, gas lines, etc., have been standardized by the U. S. Government and the American Society for Testing Materials. There are Table 4 Threading Data for Pipe Nominal Size* Pipe 0. D. Standard Weight Extra and Double Extra Strong Threads per Inch . Coupling Coupling Threads O. D. . Length per Inch Coupling Coupling O. D. Length 54 0.405 27 0.563 54. 27 0.563 IMo 54 0.540 18 0.719 1M 18 0.719 m 54 0.675 18 0.875 lMc 18 0.875 lH 54 0.840 14 1.063 1M 14 1.063 2)4 54 1.050 14 1.313 m 14 1.313 m 1 154 m 2, m 3 354 4 5 6 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.563 6.625 11)4 1.576 2 11)4 1.900 2 Mfl 11)4 2.200 2H 1154 2.750 254 8 3.250 354 8 4.000 354 8 4.625 3)4 8 5.000 354 8 6.296 354 8 7.390 4 11H 11H 11)4 11H 8 8 8 8 8 8 1.576 2.054 2.200 2.875 3.375 4.000 4.625 5.200 6.296 7.390 2% 2)4 254 254 454 4H 4H 454 454 4H 8 8.625 _ _ _ 8 9.625 554 10 10.750 -- -- -- 8 11.750 SH 12 12.750 -- -- -- 8 14.000 654 14 14.000 -- -- 8 15.000 654 16 16.000 -- -- -- 8 17.000 6H . 18 18.000 _ _8 19.000 754 20 20.000 -- .-- - 8 21.000 754 * All dimensions in inches. b Taper of threads is H in. per ft on diameter on all sires of pipe, and in couplings of Couplings 2 in. and smaller are straight tapped. in. and over. three standard wall-thickness schedules of copper water tubing classified in accordance with their principal uses as follows: Type K--Designed for underground services and general plumbing service. Type L--Designed for general plumbing purposes. Type M--Designed for use with soldered fittings only. In general, Type K is used where corrosion conditions are severe, sai Types L and M where such conditions may be considered normal as, for instance, in heating work. Types K and L are available in both hard and soft tempers; Type M is available only in hard temper. Where flexibility is essential as in hidden replacement work, or where as few joints as possible are desired as in fuel-oil lines, the soft temper is commonly used. In new or exposed work copper pipe of a hard temper is generally used. All three classes are extensively used with soldered fittings. Pipe, Fittings, Welding 623 Standard dimensions, weights, and diameter and wall-thickness toler ances for these classes of copper tubing are obtainable from Table 2. Cop\ per pipe is also available with dimensions of steel pipe. In refrigeration lines, used in connection with air conditioning equipment, copper tube is used extensively. For refrigeration use where tubing abso lutely free from scale and dirt is required, bright annealed copper . tubing that has been deoxidized is used. This tubing is available in a variety of sizes and wall thicknesses. THREADING PRACTICE In all threaded pipe for heating and ventilating installations the American Standard taper pipe thread, ASA B2.1-1942 is used. This thread is cut with a taper of 1 in 16 measured on the diameter of the pipe so as to secure a tight joint. The number of threads per inch varies with the pipe size. Threads for fitting are the same, except that it is regular practice to furnish straight tapped couplings for Schedule 40 pipe 2 in. and smaller. For Table 5. Normal Engagement of Tight-Fit Male and Female Pipe Threads For American Standard and API Pipe Threads Pipe Size Engaged Length* In. Pipe Sixes Engaged' Length* In. Pipe Sizes Engaged Length* In. Vi 54 154 4 1H KH 154 Me 5 154 54 54 2 54 6 1M# 54 54 .2)4 >54 ..........8 . 1Vie Vi 31 10 154 1 354 lHe 12 lVi Dimension shown is the normal tight-lit thread engagement from the leading edge of the female thread back to the leading edge of the thread. No allowance has been made for threading variations. steam pressures in excess of 25 psi, it is recommended that taper-tapped couplings be used to obtain a tight joint. These may be secured by order ing line pipe2 which is used for oil piping, the couplings of which are provided with taper-tapped threads and may be used with regular mill-threaded standard weight pipe. Thread lengths shouid be in accordance with ASA B2.1. Right-hand threads are used unless otherwise ordered. To facilitate drainage, some elbows have the thread tapped at an angle to provide a pitch of the connecting pipe of 34 in- to the foot. These elbows are I known to the trade as pitch elbows and are commercially available. All ' threaded pipe joints should be made up with a thread paste suitable for the service for which the pipe is to be used. Table 4 contains pertinent threading data for standard weight, extra strong and double extra strong steel, and wrought-iron pipe. The normal engagement of pipe threads is given in Table 5. PIPE FITTINGS Pipe is joined by butt welding one length to another or by the use of ttings. Pipe fittings are made in a variety of forms (the common types are nsted in Table 6), and are screwed, flanged or welded. The type of