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AROCLORS
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Monsanto Chemicals
AS USED TO EXTEND OR SUBSTITUTE CARNAUBA WAX
Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-132 Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis 4, Mo.
_____________________ March 18. 1949
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Selected blends of AROCLORS*, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, are attractive extenders or sub stitutes for oamauba wax in the manufacture of polishes. This bulletin gives several practical formulas using Aroolors In wax blends possessing the qualities of carnauba wax for automobile, wood, leather and linoleum polishes.
Registered In U. S. Patent Office
The Intonaaiieo in this bulletin is based on out experience, represent* our be*' judgment in the matter, and ia
MOMS 079932
I. INTRODUCTION
The AROCLORS, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, when properly blended possess the unusual qualities required to satisfac torily extend or substitute carnauba wax. Moreover, the extension of oamauba wax with blended Aroclors constitutes not only a saving of this unique and versatile wax, which has become scarcer in supply, but It also offers an attractive saving In cost.
Particularly In England, considerable work has been done to replace oamauba wax with blends of other waxes and Aroclors. Much of the following Information about the use of Aroclors for this purpose is taken from the publication "Carnauba Wax Substitutes" by 0. W. Wood (Maxwaxa Limited), presented In the Manufacturing Chemist and Manu facturing Perfumer, March 1948, Volume XIX.
The physloal properties of Aroolors are given In Monsanto's Technical Bulletin Mo. P-115, "The Aroclors."
II. PROPERTIES OP PORE CARNAUBA WAX
Pure carnauba wax has the following characteristics:
Specific gravity.....................................O.99 at 15*C. Melting point ........................................... 84.1-91'c. Add value ..............................................2.0-7.0 Sap. value ......................................... 78.4-88.3 mg. KOH
Although there are several grades of commercial carnauba wax, In general the following properties am typical:
Specific gravity ..................................... 0.978 at 15*C.
Acid value ................................ ....
7.8
Sap. value ..............................................87.0
Iodine value .............................................. 9.9#
Alcohols
............................ .... 49.22^
Melting point of alcohols .... 8l'C.
Acetyl value .............................................. 122
Hydrocarbons .............................................. Nil
These properties Indicate to the experienced wax blender that the preparation of a worthwhile substitute for carnauba requires the use or unique materials In order to conform with the qualities of the
natural wax.
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III.
CHARACTERISTICS OP A CARNAUBA WAX SUBSTITUTE
The principal requirements of a good carnauba wax substitute are:
Hardness or penetration value should be at least equal to thhat of the natural wax.
Texture should be homogeneous, preferably non-crystalline and somewhat brittle.
Melting point should be similar to the natural wax and the setting point should not be more than about 6C. below this point, otherwise protracted cooling phenomena will be experienced.
Performance. Especially with respect to physical appearanoe and performance, the substituted wax composition must possess the working characteristics of the natural wax with reference to the particular end use application of the substitute.
IV. PREPARATION OP CARNAUBA WAX
SUBSTITUTES
The early work done both In America and lr. Europe to prepare carnauba wax substitutes was based largely on blending materials such as paraf fin wax, ceresln, colophony, montan wax, beeswax, candelllla wax, ozo kerite and shellac wax to arrive re a blend possessing properties simi lar to carnauba wax. Like the case o'* carnauba wax, several of these naturally occurring substitute materials hav> increased In price and have become soarce. Also, with the use of naturally occurring waxes there has always been the problem of maintaining uniform quality. These factors led to the recent Interest In Aroclors as extenders or substitutes for oamauba wax. A number of suggested blends and the characteristics are given In the following table.
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TABLE I.
COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OP AROCLOR-VAX BLENDS
Parts by nx, i
Aroelor 1268 5-0 )
Aroolor 1242 2.5
(i) Carnauba wax 2.5
Cerealn
20.0 )
Paraffin
70.0 )
Light cream
Softening Melting
Smooth, hard non-tacky
58'C.
67.5C.
Aroelor 1268 10.0 )
Aroolor 1242 5.0
(2) Carnauba wax 5-0
Cerealn
20.0 )
Paraffin
60.0 )
Pale
Similar to
yellow,
above
white
6oc.
78C.
Aroolor 1268
Aroolor 1242
(3) Carnauba wax 6.8 )
Cerealn
19.6 )
Paraffin
49.0 )
Pale
Similar to
yellow
above
77'C.
79*C.
Aroolor 1268 30.0 )
Aroolor 1242 5.0 }
(4) Carnauba wax 10.0 )
Cerealn
20.0
Paraffin
35.0 )
Pale yellow
Smooth, hard, slightly brittle
78C.
78"c.
Aroolor 1268 35.0 )
Aroolor 1242 5-0
(5) Carnauba wax 30.0 )
Cerealn
20.0 )
Paraffin
10.0 )
Pale cream
Slight surface 79C. crystallinity
86*C.
Aroolor 1268 35.0 )
Aroolor 1242 5-0
(6) Carnauba wax 40.0 )
Cerealn
20.0 )
Cream
Similar to above
8lC.
86.5C.
Aroolor 1268 35-0 )
Aroolor 1242 5-0 )
(7) Carnauba wax 50.0 )
Cerealn
10.0 )
Cream
Smooth; oarnau- 80.5C. ba rlnaced surface
88 C.
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It should be noted that a liquid or plasticizer-type Aroclor such sb Aroclor 1242 is used in combination with the resinous-type Aroelor 1268. This is done to enhance the compatibility of the resinous type Aroolors with the wax and to increase solubility of the blend in inexpensive solvents such as mineral spirits. Mixtures or Aroclors 1254 and 5460 are also suggested for preparing the wax blends.
A good commercial natural brown grade of ceresln wax is incorporated for binding and absorption of all surplus liquid in the wax blend. The standard white commercial grade of paraffin wax, melting point 135*-l40*F., is used largely as a filler. The type of camauba wax UBed in preparing the blends is prime yellow with a melting point of 84.5*0.
All of these compositions possess excellent molding properties and would be entirely suitable for the manufacture of molded products. Mixtures No. 5, 6 and 7 can be especially recommended for this pur pose or for electrical insulation work.
Mixture No. 4 is excellent for use in polishes.
V. TYPICAL FORMULAE OF POLISHES
The following are typical formulae for a household polish and a car pollBh:
Household Polish
Composition
PartB bv weight
Composition No. 4 (Table I) .
Natural ozokerite ................... Pararfln, hard............................. Mineral spirits .............................
1
3 26 70
Characteristics. This is a smooth, soft paste possessing very good polishing properties on wood and linoleum.
Car Polish
Composition
Parts by weight
Composition No. 4 (Table I) .
Candelllla wax............................. Natural ozokerite ........................ Mineral spirits .............................
15
2 3 80
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Characteristics. This Is a smooth paste possessing good polishing properties on all automobile paints and on leather upholstery.
VI. AROCLOR-WAX BLENDS WITHOUT CARNAUBA WAX
Ourleury wax Is less expensive than camauba, generally much harder, with a melting point of 89-95'C. and has equally good lusterproducing properties. The drawbacks of ourleury wax are Inorganic Impurities, chiefly admixed silica, and Its dark color usually ranging from light chocolate brown to very dark brown.
The following formulation illustrates the replacement of camauba with a purified commercial grade, medium brown ourleury wax pos sessing a melting point of o9*C., acid value 11.0 and saponifica tion value of 86.lt
Composition
PartB by weight
Aroclor 5460 Aroclor 1242 Ourleury wax Ceresln . . Paraffin . .
. 30 .5
.. 30 20
. 15
Characteristics!
Color --
Light buff.
Texture --
Very smooth, hard
Softening Point -- 60'C.
Melting Point -- T8.5C.
The following car polish was made according to this formula:
Car Polish (Ourleury)
Composition
Parts by weight
Wax blend (as prepared above) . 8 Natural ozokerite ............................. 2 Paraffin, hard..................................10 Aroclor 1242 ....................................... 5* Mineral spirits ................................. 75*
Dissolved with agitation before adding to the molten waxes.
(It Is noteworthy that aluminum stearate should not be used In this composition.)
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Characteristics: The color of this composition is a light
brownish-tan similar to polishes made from
fatty gray camauba wax. It has good pol
ishing properties on all types of surfaces
VII.
TOXICOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE USE OP AROCLORS
In the manufacture of wax compositions containing Aroclors, precau tions should be taken to avoid breathing the vapors from hot Aro clors. In this connection, the atmosphere of the workroom should be vented by the use of a suitable exhaust fan in line with ordinary and good factory operating practice.
When AroclorB are used at normal temperatures, usually only normal precautions relative to the handling of chemicals or ordinary clean liness concerning commercial plant practice are followed.
With reference to the normal end use of polishes containing Aroclors as suggested In the formulations given In thlB bulletin, It Is not expected that the Aroclors would present a problem of toxicity to humans. This Is based on the following information reported by a reliable source:
It was determined by the skin patch test procedure given by Dr. Louis Schwartz and Dr. Samuel M. Peck In Reprint No. 2552 from the Public Health Reports, Vol. 59, No. 17 (April 28, 19**) that ootton fabric coated with Aroclor 5460 and an oil modified alkyd resin In such a manner that each square Inch of fabric contained 10.5 mg. of Aroclor 5^60, was neither a skin Irritant nor a sensitizer.
Also, results of standard skin patch tests showed that Aroclor 1251* Is neither a skin Irritant nor a sensitizer.
VIII. OENERAL COMMENTS
1. The use of a selected mixture of Aroclors permits the exten sion or substitution of camauba wax to a substantial amount without detracting from the desired characteristics of the finished polishing wax formulation. This Is accomplished at an attractive saving In cost.
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2. Using s selected mixture of Aroclors and ourloury wax. It Is possible to completely eliminate carnauba wax.
3. Polishing compositions of this type are excellent for use on practically all wood, leather, paint and linoleum surfaces.
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The Information contained In this bulletin is to our best know ledge true and accurate, but all recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee, since the conditions of use are be yond our oontrol. Monsanto Chemical Company disclaims any lia bility Incurred In connection with the use of these data or suggestions. Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in oonfllct with existing patents covering any material or Its use.
MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY St. Louis 4, Mo.
New York-Chioago-Boston-Blrmlngham-Charlotte-Clnelnnatl-Cleveland Detrolt-Phlladelphla-Los Angeles-San Franclsco-Montreal
P0B/mag-2M
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