Document YrK6dqpjqEq38R5pNMDw4NJrK

VOLUME 12 TRANSACTIONS 1952 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT NSC-38c i Current Safety Topics in the GLASS AND CERAMICS INDUSTRY as presented in sessions of the Glass and Ceramics Section at the 40th National Safety Congress Opening Remarts . . 5 Grinding Wheel Safety..................................................................... 6 Chemical Hazards in Glass and Ceramics Industries..................... 9 Don't Bet Your Life.............................................................................. 15 4 Ventilation Procedures in the Glass and Ceramics Industry......... 16 ! j Ventilation Problems (Round Table Discussion)............................ 17 i NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 North Midiiaan Avenue Chicago 11. III. Ventilation Problems (Round Table Discussion) 17 This subject was discussed at the meeting of this section last year. It is so important that some new developments should be men tioned. At least four exhibitors are showing heat reflective clothing. It is made of alum inized fabric, and finds use when working around hot furnaces. We also have a film leaned by Minnesota Mining and Manufac turing Company, which illustrates how this type of material withstands radiant heat much better than ordinary non-reflective fabrics. Ventilation Problems Round Table Discussion of Ventilation Problems Discussion Leader--W. G. Hazard. Direc tor, Industrial Hygiene. Owens-Illinois Glass Co., Toledo, Ohio. Local exhaust systems are not always well designed. Sometimes the plant is too busy with production. The plant engineer may lack experience. Duct systems are sometimes "out of this world." Principles involved in exhaust venting were shown by a film produced by the American Air Filter Co., in cooperation with the Michigan State Department of Health. Part One dealt with "Laboratory Experiments" and Part Two with "Practical Applications." A demonstration with simple apparatus showed the comparative effectiveness of suc tion and blowing. It was shown that it was possible to blow smoke across the room but suction was effective for only a few inches. One trouble with ventilating systems is adding too many hoods to the original sys tem. A motion picture produced by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. showed the uses of aluminized fabrics for protective equipment. Clothing and shields of this material have a high fire resistance but are still not too durable. Their present uses are for rescue work rather than for general industrial use. Officers of the GLASS AND CERAMICS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1 952-53 General Chairman--THOS. R. DONOGHUE Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co.. Pittsburgh. Pa. Vice-Chairman (Glass)--W. G. HAZARD. Owens-Illinois Glass Co., Toledo, Ohio. Vice-Chairman (Ceramics)--HARRY A. JACKSON, Frigidaire Division, General Motors Corp.. Dayton. Ohio. Secretary--NELSON B. INGALLS, The Norton Co.. Worcester, Mass. Program Committee--*JOHN P. STEPHENSON (Chairman), Ball Brothers Co., Muncie. IrxL; "JAMES L. MORRIS .The Federal Glass Co.. Columbus. Ohio; "FRED G. ANDERSQN, Coming Glass Works, Coming, N. Y.; "J. C. DITTMEK. National Lead Company, Brooklyn. N. Y. Membership Committee--JOHN B. FULLEN (Chairman), Kopp Glass. Inc., Swissvale, Pa.; BERNARD CAMPBELL. Owens-Coming Fiberglas Corn.. Newark. Ohio; LEE B. HAWTHORNE IR.. A. P. Green Fir^Brick Co.. Mexico. Mo.; E C. HARTUNG. Westinghouse Eectric Coro., Derrv. Pa. AVrcs letter Committee--"JAMES L. MORRIS (Chairman), The Federal Glass Co.. Columbus. Ohio; CLINTON BALLENGER. Owens-Illinois Glass Co., Gas City. Ind.; M. E HORMBERG. The Cambridge Tile Mfg. Co.. Cincinnati. Ohio. Engineering and Health Committee--F. S. KRIGER (Chairman), Coming Glass Works, Coming. N. Y.; W. G. HAZARD Owem-l-Hinois Glass Co.. Toledo, Ohio; KARL DUNN. Coming Glass Works, Coming. N. Y.; H. WAUGH, Anchor Hocking Glass Corp.. Lancaster. Ohio; NELSON B. INGALLS. The Norton Co.. Worcester. Mass.; WILFORD McMAHON, Coming Glass Works, Coming. N. Y. Safety Promotion Committee--J. H. GATTRELL (Chairman), Blue Ridge Glass Corp.. Kingsport. Tenn.; A. E THOMAS. Libbey-0wens-Ford, Shreveport, La.; PAUL E GARRETT. Harding Glass Co., Fort Smith. Ark.; "H. V. GARDNER, Owens-Illinois Glass Co.. Toledo. Ohio. Safety Contest Committee--H. WAUGH (Chairman). Anchor Hocking Glass Corp., Lancaster. Ohio; EARL W. STEINKRAUS, Owens-Illinois Glass Co.. Alton. 111.; R. H. LOWRY, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Derry, Pa.; J. R. HARSH MAN, Arm strong Cork Co.. Dunkirk Tnrl Associations Committee--J. C. DITTMER (Chairman), National Lead Co.. Brooklyn, N. Y.; M. E HORMBERG, The Cambridge Tile Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Mag Representative--L. W. DUTTON, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. *Pa<;t General Chairman 19 Accident Analysis Committee--EARL E. GEBHART (Chairman). Asst. Safety Director, Frigidaire Div., General Motors Corporation, Dayton. Ohio; RUSSELL C. TIRRELL, Div. Safety Engineer, Sylvania Electric Products Inc., Salem, Mass.; LEX WALTERS, Loss Prevention Research Manager, Hardward Mutuals, Stevens Point, Wis.; M\HREX I. GJERDE, Safety Engineer, Thomas A. Edison, Inc. West Orange X- L Training and Publications Committee--HAROLD C. STAXZLER (Chairman), Director of Industrial Relations, Collyer Insulated Wire Company, Pawtucket, R. I.; OLIVER C. BOILEAU, Manager, Safety & Health Sect, RCA Victor Div., Radio Corp. of America, Camden, X. T.; I. MILLER, Safety Supervisor. Allis-Chalmers Company, Xorwood, Ohio; MAJOR IRVIX KRALOVEC. Headquarters A.A.C.S., Military Air Transport Service, Washington, D. C. Trade Associations Committee--ALBERT A. RAPP. Supervisor of Safety, Westinghouse Electric Corp.. Lamp Div.. Bloomfield. X. J.; LOUIS E. XEWMAX. Manager, Health & Safety Services, General Electric Co.. Xew York. X. Y.; PAUL O'DOXXELL, Industrial Relations Manager, E. D. Bullard Co.. Chicago. 111. Special Representative--E. CLARK WOODWARD. Director of Saietv. A. O. Smith Corp., Milwaukee, Wis. Councilors (Past Chairmen)--EDWARD K. TAYLOR. Safety Director, Zenith Radio Corp.. Chicago, 111.; H. B. DUFFUS, Manager, Safety & Security, Westinghouse Elec tric Corp., Pittsburgh. Pa.; MICHAEL F. BIAXCARDI. Manager. Health & Safety Dept.. Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.. Milwaukee. Wis.; CLIFTOX X. FOGG, Safety P'ngineer. Simplex Wire & Cable Co... Cambridge. Mass. Stan Representative--LAWREXCE S. HILL--Xational Safety Council. Chicago. 111. 11 VOLUME 14 transactions 1952 > I ICurrenf Safety Topics in INDUSTRIAL NURSING : as presented in sessions of the Industrial Nursing Section at the 40th National Safety Congress Introductory Remarks and Annual Report......................................... 5 The Impact of Temporary Disability on Industry (Panel Discussion] ............................................ -............................ 6 From the Viewpoint of the Industrial Nurse...................................................... 6 From the Viewpoint of Management................................................................... 9 From the Viewpoint of Industry.............................................................. ............ 12 Sight Conservation in Industry........................................ . . 14 Conditioning for Retirement................................................................ 18 Just People .......................................................................................... 23 A New Approach to Safety............................................................... 25 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 North Michigan Avenue Chicago 11, III. Officers of the INDUSTRIAL NURSING SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1 952-53 General Chairman--ERNA MAYRER, R.N, E I du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., East Chicago, Ind. Vice-Chairman--MRS. MAREN FRYE, R.N, Union Carbon & Carbide Corp., Chicago, III. Vice-Chairman and Membership Chairman--BERNARDIXE HOLMAN, R.N., Employers Mutuals of Wisconsin, Wausau, Wis. Membership Committee--GWEN DEKLE. R.X, Georgia Dept, of Public Health, Division of Occupational Health, Atlanta, Ga.; MRS. MARY BIERMAN, R.N.. Employers Mutuals, Detroit. Mich.; KATE EVANS, R.N, Du-Common Metals & Supply Co., . Los Angeles. Calif.; MARY McNULTY, R.N., Union Carbon & Carbide Corp., New " York. N. Y. Xezvs Letter Editors--MRS. HELEN M. GEORGE, R.N., Cities Sen-ice Oil Co.. Ponca City Refinery. Ponca City, Okla.; ELIZABETH A. NEUBERT, R.X, Tennessee Dept, of Public Health. Nashville, Term.; KATHERINE SMITH, R.N., Coast Federal Savings Assn., Los Angeles, Calif.; ALDA H. SICA. R.N, U. S. Steel Co.. Pitts burgh, Pa. I'ublicity Committee--HELEN EL MERCER, R.N. (Chairman), Dodge Manufacturing Corporation. Mishawaka, Ind.; HAZEL L. HICKS, R.N, St. Regis Pulp & Paper Co, Pensacola. Fla.; MRS. LILLIAN WETTON, R.N, The Chicago Tribune, Chi cago, 111. Program Committee--JOHANNA M. ANDERSON, R.N. (Chairman), Blue Cross Plan for Hospital Care, Chicago, 111.; MRS. VIRGINIA WHALEN, R.N.. The Oliver Corporation, Battle Creek, Mich.; JEAN SILLS, R.N., The Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, Niagara Falls, Ont, Canada; HELEN CHARPENTIER, R.N, American Zinc Company of Illinois, Monsanto, 111. dominating Committee--MRS. JOAN TIMKE, R.N. (Chairman), American Medical Assn, Chicago, 111.; MILDRED KRUSE R.N, Commonwealth Edison Company, Chi cago, 111.; F. PAULINE COMPTON, R.N, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Silver Springs, Md. Visual Aids Committee--JOANNA M. JOHNSON, R.N. (Chairman), Employers Mu tuals of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis.; MRS. MILDRED MOORE R.N, Bureau of Nursing, Illinois Department of Health, Chicago, 111.; MRS. LILLIAN SCH1PFERLING, R.N, Marathon Corporation, Menasha, Wis.; MRS. RUTH ML'RRAY, R.N, Marinette Paper Company, Ft. Edwards, N. Y. Secretary--E. VERLE HERMAN, R. N, Miller Brewing Company, Milwaukee, Wis. Medical .Idvisor to the Section--J. F. McCAHAN, M.D, Council on Industrial Health, American Medical Association, Chicago, 111. Stopf Representative--JANE S. WEIR, R.N, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. 27 VOLUME -15 TRANSACTIONS 1952 Current Topics in INDUSTRIAL SAFETY as presented in the Subject Sessions at the 40th National Safety Congress ( American Society of Safety Engineers Safety Is Essential to Our NationalEconomy.............................. Safety Is Basic in Human Relations........................... .. 5 9 Association Safety Swapshop Introductory Remarks....................................................................... (2 Costs and Statistics........................................................................... 12 Services and Materials................................................................... 15 Safety Manuals................................................................................ 17 Employee-Employer Cooperation ............................................... 18 A.A.O.D.C. Safety ProgramConferences....................................... 21 Supervisory Training...........................................................................24 Summary of Discussion..................................................................... 25 (Continued on next page) NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 North Michigan Avenue Chicago 11, 111. 10 Industrial Safety As an example of the effectiveness of training, let me tell you something of the program of my own company, the Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Basic Consideration 1. In hiring, the worker is carefully screened ' to apply the man to the job. 2. A fundamental part of job instruction is along the line of personal orientation and safety. 3. A comprehensive supervisory training program is in effect. The philosophy stressed is: Company and employee must have the same objective and pull together--toward the same common good--with safe and efficient operation. We stress the fact that people are creatures of feeling and emotion. Our supervisors' training program covers thirteen subjects relative to company poli cies, cost control, production planning, or ganizational set-up, etc Six of the thirteen items deal directly with problems having to do with human behavior which results in safe workers. These six subjects are: 1. Management responsibilities. 2. Understanding people 3. Employee training. 4. Accident prevention. 5. Attitudes are important 6. Motivating employees. As an example of how these subjects are presented, the following is a brief summary of management responsibilities. As it is developed, again you will note the emphasis placed on the "worker as a creator of feel ing and emotion." 1. How people differ as to: Intelligence Interest Habits Temperament Mental health Aptitudes . 2. Components of personality and tempera ment as indicated by: Sociability Depressiveness . Shyness Aggressiveness Self Control Selfishness 3. Self Interest as shown by: Success, regardless of price Gambling to win Criminal tendencies Lack of sense of fair play Material interest Other main subdivisions: Nature of self control Emotions Your ups and downs Tendency to retreat from reality Temperament combination Discipline and criticism Praise (according to temperament) Individual motivation Grievances (emotional kind) You might ask, does this program pay off? During the past five years Westinghouse employment has more than doubled with many new plant locations, which mean? a terrific job of training. The results tabu lated below, however, tell the story. Injury Experience--Westinghouse Plants Year Frequency Severity 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 (1st 6 Mo.) 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.4 2.6 .63 .51 .37 .40 .43 27 Kansas City Aviation Gas Turbine Plant * (Put in Operation 1949) Year Frequency 1949 1950 1951 1952 (1st 6 Mo.) 12.0 2.38 2.09 U Severity 7.9 12 .96 25 The Kansas City personnel was recruited from people with either limited or no indus trial experience, and our training in this plant has been most intensive. As a conclusion to methods, since ap proximately 90 per cent of accident cause is failure of the individual--your training program, to be effective, must have full support of top management, it must deni with the characteristics of people and i: must be presented with the proper appeal. Prestige Your profession as "Safety Engineers" icomparatively new, and as such has no: gained the prestige needed. American Society of Safety Engineers 11 At the beginning of engineering speciali zation in this country, the practicing engi neer doubted or denied the value of technical training and distrusted engineering gradu ates. Today, engineering has ceased to be traditional and is becoming recognized as a learned profession. Yours is the problem of gaining recognition for the safety engineer, not only as a man technically qualified, but also as one educated in the study of "human behavior." . I note in the Qualification Standards Bul letin on Registration dated July 13, 1951, several items that deal with human behavior have been indicated. If we fully understand these problems and can get top manage ment to know that we do understand them, and. how to use them, your prestige will immediately be raised. Perhaps when this pamphlet is revised we should stress this part of our qualifications, even more, as today we indicate more emphasis on the technical and statistical work, which ac counts for only approximately 10 per cent of accidents. We might consider the technical side of our qualifications as the foundation upon which the whole structure of safety is built As soon as possible we should establish registration for our members as a compul sory item. Registration does not signify that the engineer is immediately more proficient, hut it docs give you a "Trademark" to sell. 1 mentioned professionalism as a trade mark or cloak on which to build prestige. Prestige or stature is something that can le conferred or earned, but cannot be de manded. It is built up over years of per formance. We can build our stature through good work and also sell the "Trademark" of Registration, such as the medical profes sion has with M.D. and the legal profes sion with L.L.D. It is quite evident, the greater the repu tation of the individual or the profession to which he belongs, the greater respect and attention is given to his words and actions. Conclusion In conclusion, one cannot live unto him self alone and be acceptable in our society of people. His actions are greatly influ enced by his contact with others and by the type and amount of education and training he has received. Our program must have full support of top management and appeal to the worker. As our knowledge, know-how and prestige increase, our work will become more effec tive. I would like to give you my impression of the great value, importance and high calling of our work by quoting John Ruskin: "It is nothing to give pension and cottage to the widow who has lost her son; it is nothing to give food and medicine to the workman who has broken his arm, or the decrepit woman wasting in sickness. But it is something to use your time and strength to war with the waywardness and thought lessness of mankind; to keep the erring workman in your service until you have made him an unerring one; and to direct vour fellowman to the opportunity which his judgment would have lost." Maintaining Itv. .rest in Accident Prevention 59 The first time a square was prepared we neglected to inform some of the men work ing in that vicinity, and before anyone noticed, they proceeded to "clean up the mess." We had to start all over again, but we were pleased with the effectiveness of our good housekeeping education. We have made a collection of dangerous tools like mushroomed chisels, blunt pica roons, etc. We put them on display in a corner of the lunchroom. Under each of these tools is pasted a label giving its his tory. the reason why it should not be used, and how to exchange it for a safe one. There is another stunt. Members of the plant safety committee are dressed up in white overalls and carry brooms. They are sweeping up a dirtv-looking fellow in un safe clothing who is identified by a sign as "Mr. Acci-Dent." The slogan used in con junction with this would be "Let's sweep Mr. Acci-Dent out of our plant." Finally a stunt which created a lot of discussion among our men and for which we got the fullest cooperation of the local ambulance service. It is 4 pm, the end of the shift, and the whistle blows. An am bulance drives into the plant, sirens scream ing. red lights hashing. It stops at the time docks. The driver and attendant jump out. open the rear door--but instead of bringing out their dreaded stretcher, they carry out a poster on an easel and set it up in front <t the ambulance. The poster reads: "Work safely, and don't let me take you home." While human engineering is all impor tant. I would hasten to add that we must not neglect to look for "the little things" in the mechanical field. These little mechan ical gremlins can best be detected by some one whoc eyes have not become over familiar with his surroundings. In this connection we have regular inspection tours through all departments by different mem bers of the safety committee. At these inspections, special attention is also paid to the housekeeping of each department The inspectors, identified by white safety hel mets and armbands, carry printed cards stating the housekeeping was found to be good, fair, or poor. The appropriate cards are posted on the departmental notice boards. These are the little things that we are doing in our plant which help us to prevent accidents. How many and how severe these accidents would have been, we very seldom know. Only once have I experienced the grati fication of proof. This happened not quite two years ago. The plant executive safety council was in session and we were just going through the report of the last safety inspection. One item on the report, a "little thing." was the recommendation to extend the feed rolls operating lever of one of the resaws to bring it within easier reach of the operator. The plant engineer reported this matter had been taken care of. At that moment our first aid man entered the room and informed us that the fingers of the feeder working on that resaw had been caught in the rolls, but, due to the newly installed extension, he had been able to keep his hand from being Sragged into the saw. He had a pinched finger, but after proper attention he was able to go back to work. Had this "little thing" not been found at the last safety -inspection and remedied at once, the resaw feeder certainly would have lost several fingers, most likely his entire hand, and possibly even part of his arm. , Many Eyes Hunt the Hazards By MYRON L. MILLER Supvr. of Safety, East Pittsburgh Works, Westinghouse Electric Corp., E. Pittsburgh, Pa. In his book. Industrial Safety, Ronald P. Blake makes a statement, "With the possible exception of the manager, the foreman carries a greater share of the responsibility for accident prevention than any other one person/'1 Enlightened management knows the im portance of accident prevention, not only from the humane point of view, to prevent personal injury and suffering, but accident prevention aids production. 1 Industrial Safety--Blake. Page 67. VOLUME 16 transactions 1952 Current Safety Topics in the MARITIME INDUSTRIES os presented in sessions of the Marine Section it the 40th National Safety Congress Accident Prevention on Gene Equipped and Self-Unloader Type Vessels................................. 5 Carso Ship Operation--Accidents to Crew and Preventive Measures Taken.............................................................. 9 Tanker Pump Room Explosions: A Case History: Causes and Preventive Measures..................................................... 14 Case History of Various Accidents Occurring on Passenger Vessels .............................................................................. (Continued on next page) 18 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 North Michigan Avenue Chicago 11, 111.  . . Officers of the MARINE SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1 952-53 General Chairman--CAPT. GEORGE WAUCHOPE, Exec Yice-Pres., Farrell Lines, New York. X. Y. i.xecutrve General Chairman--WALTER M. WELLS, Prc>., Isthmian S. S. Co., New York. X. Y. I'iee General Chairman (Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing)--JOHN' G. PEW, JR., YicePre<.. Sun Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co.. Chester, Pa. / tee General Chairmen (Atlantic Area)--JOHN D. ROGERS. Yice-Pres., Esso Shipping Co.. New ork. X. Y.; PHILIP Y. EYERETT, Yice-Pres., States Marine Corp., New ^ ork. N. Y.: F. M. ROHRER. Yice-Pres.. Grace Line, New York, X. Y. ! ice General Chairman (Gulf Area)--E. A. JIMISOX. Yice-Fres.. Lykes Bros. Steam ship Co.. Inc.. New Orleans. La. I'iee General.Chairmen (Pacific Area)--RANDOLPH SEYIER, Pres., Matson Navigation Co.. San Francisco. Calif.; A. E. KIHN. Mgr.. Marine Dept., Standard Oil Co. of Calif.. San Francisco. Calif. I'iee General Chairmen (Great Lakes Area)--WM. R. MACDONALD, Counsel, Hutchin*<*1 & Co.. Cleveland, Ohio; DAVID L. BUCHANAN. Ind. Rel. Mgr.. Pittsburgh S. S. Div.. U. S. Steel Corp.. Cleveland, Ohio. rice General Chairmen (Passenger & Cargo Services)--HARRY X. KELLY, Excc. YicePres.. Mississippi Shipping Co., New Orleans, La.; CAPT. JONES F. DEVLIN, JR., Cfen. Mgr.. United States Lines. New York, N. Y. I ice General Chairmen (Tankers)--T E. BUCHANAN. General Manager, Marine De partment. The Texas Co., New Yo. .. N. Y.; CHRISTOPHER STORY, Yice-Pres.. Cities Service Oil Co.. New York. N. Y.; W. X. DAMONTE. Yice-Pres.. and Man ager. Marine Dept.. Sinclair Refining Co.T New York, N. Y.; KARL R. KURZ, YicePres.. Keystone Shipping Co.. Philadelphia. Penn. I'iee General Chairman (Coastal Regions and International Safety Conventions)--VICEAD.M. MERLIN O'NEILL, U.S.C.G., Comdt.. U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. I'iee General Chairman (Coordination--Government and Marine Industry)--ALBERT GATO\ . Maritime Administrator, U. S. Dept, of Commerce, Washington, D. C. 1 Chairman, dominating Committee--WILLARD F. TONES, Yice-Pres., Gulf Oil Corp.. New York. X. Y. ' Secretary (Admiralty and Maritime Counselor)--HENRY C. EIDENBACH, Hagen. Sene ca! & Eidenlach, New York. N. Y. Advisory Committee (Past General Chairmen)--CAPT. EDWARD C. HOLDEN, JR. (Chairman). Vice-President, United States P. & I. Agency, New York, N. Y.; FRED ERIC R_ PRATT. Gen. Mgr.. Marine Transp. Dept., Soconv-Yacuum Oil Co., New York. N. Y.; LEIGH R. SANFORD, President, Shipbuilders Council of America, New York. N. Y.; LOUTS B. PATE, Yice-Pres., Seas Shipping Co. (Robin Line), New York. N. Y.; COM. ROBERT C. LEE, Exec. Yice-Pres., Moore-McCormack Lines, New York, X. Y.; WILLARD F. JONES. Yice-Pres.. Gulf Oil Corp., New York, N. Y.; CARTER KENDALL, Chief Safety Eng., Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, 49 Pa.; CARL E. HOLMES. Mgr., Claims Dept, Marsh k McLennan. Inc, New York. X. Y.; CAPT. E. \Y. FISKE, JR, Mgr, Operating Dir, Marine Transp. Dept, Socony-Vacuum Oil Co, New York. N. Y.; CATT. FRANK H. COGAN. Supt, Marine Dept, The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western R. R. Co, Hoboken. N. J.; ARTHUR M. TODE. Consulting Eng, New York. N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Programs, Conventions k Meetings)--H. M. WICK. Asst. Vice-Pres, American Bureau of Shipping. New York. N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Membership)--CAPT. H. R. IEHLE, Director of Safety. Farrell Lines. New York. N. Y. Assistant GeneraI Chairman (Cargo Vessels)--L. H. QUACKENBUSH. States Marine Corp. of Del, New York. N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Petroleum and Tank Vessels)--FRANK W. MILLER. Ass; Mgr, Oj>eraiions Div, Esso Shipping Co, New York. N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Stevedoring)--G. H. K. BUXTON. Director. Safety Rureau. New York Shipping Assn, New York, N. Y. Director, Public Relations and Publicity--FRANK BRAYNARD. Dir, Bureau of Infor mation, American Merchant Marine Inst, New York. N. Y. Director, Maritime Associations--Safety Cooperation and Attendance--R. J. BAKER. Secretary-Treasurer, American Merchant Marine Inst, New York, N. Y. Director, Safety Information and Posters--CAPT. R. E. MACKEY*, Asst. Mgr, OperationDiv, Marine Dept, T'he Texas Co, New York. N. Y". bditor. Marine L'cws Letter--S. B. PARSELL, Marine Dept, Soconv-Vacuum Oil Co New Y'ork,* N. Y. Regional Activities and Committees Assistant to Pice General Chairtnan (Coastal Regions and International Safety Conven tions)--CAPT. GORDON A. LITTLEFIELD, Executive Secretary, Merchant Marine Council, U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Assistant Chairman, Atlantic Region--Tanker Operations--CAPT. WILLIAM G. AN DERSON, Mgr. of Operations, Marine Div, The Atlantic Refining Co, Philadel phia, Pa. Assistant Chainnen, Gulf Region--Ships and Stevedoring--CAPT. RALPH L. MOCK. Supvr, Accident Prevention, Lykes Bros. S. S. Co, New Orleans. La.; EARLE SMITH, Safety Dir, Waterman, S. S. Co, Mobile. Ala.; O. P. VILLARRUBIA. Claim Agent and Safety Mgr, T. Smith 5: Son. Inc, New Orleans. La. Assistant Chairmen, Pacific Region--Ships and Stez-edoring--JOSEPH H. TRAVERS. Mgr, Acc. Prev. Bureau, Pacific Maritime Assn, San Francisco. Calif.; HARRY E. AVERY', Safety Engineer. Matson Navigation Co, San Francisco, Calif. .Assistant Chairman, Southern California Region--Ports and Terminals--REAR ADM. FRANK D. H1GBEE. U.S.C.G. (Ret). Warden of the Port of Los Angeles. San Pedro, Calif. Assistant Chairman, Great Lakes Region--Bulk Carriers--WM. ECKERT. Mgr, Safety Dept, Interlake S. S. Co, Cleveland, Ohio. Assistant Chairman, Great Lakes Region--Tenting--J. B. GARBUTT. Mgr, Claims and Insurance, Great Lakes Towing Co, Cleveland. Ohio. Director, Inland IVatcnoays, Operations and Shipbuilding--CHESTER C. THOMPSON. Pre*, The American W'aterways Operators. Inc, Washington. D. C. 50 VOLUME 18 TRANSACTIONS 1952 Current Safety Topics in the METALS INDUSTRY as presented in sessions of the Metals Section at the 40th National Safety Congress 1 Our Best Safety Idea During the Past Year...................................... 5 Steel Plants, Group B................................ 5 Foundries, Group A................................. :...................................... 6 Non-Ferrous, Group A...................................................................... 7 Heavy Machinery, Group A........................................................... 9 Light Machinery, Group A.............................................................. 9 Heavy Fabricating, Group B............................................................. 10 Light Fabricating, Group A............................................................. 16 (Continued on nett page) NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 North Michigan Avenue Chicago 11 111. Officers of the METALS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1952-53 General Chairman--H. S. SIMFSON, Manager, Safety Division, Caterpillar Tractor Company, Peoria, III. First Vice-Chairman--J. J. NOLAN, Safety Engineer, Bethlehem Steel Company, Beth lehem, Pa. Second Vice-Chairman--A. H. ZEILINGER, Superintendent, Safety Department, The Colorado Fuel & Iron Corporation, Pueblo, Colo. Secretary--W. M. NELSON, Manager of Safety, Republic Steel Corporation,' Cleveland, Ohio. News Letter Editor--W. H. WILSON, Supervisor of Safety, American Bridge Division, United States Steel Company, Ambridge, Pa. News Letter Co-Editor--W. J. M. REDWOOD, Safety Supervisor, Industrial Relations Department, Algoma Steel Corporation, Ltd_ Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. Consulting Committee--E C METZEL (Chairman), Assistant Supervisor of Safety, United States Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. ;*J. L RIDINGER (Advisory Chair man), Director of Safety & Plant Protection, Inland Steel Company, East Chicago, IrxL; J. L. MacKENZIR General Supervisor, Safety- & Sanitation, South Works, United States Steel Company, Chicago, I1L; J. W. TYSSR Safety Supervisor, Chicago District, Republic Steel Company, Chicago, I1L Contest and Statistics Committee--E H. HOUCK (Chairman), Superintendent of Safety & Welfare, Aliquippa Works, Jooes & Laughlin Steel Corporation," Aliquippa, Pa.; J. P. LEONARD, Personnel and Safety Director, Blaw-Knox Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; C H. SUNDERLAND, Supervisor of Labor Analysis, United States Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa_; W. T. McLEAN, Supervisor of Safety, United States Steel Company, Youngstown, Ohio. Engineering and Practices Committee--A. G. WHISMAN (Chairman), Supervisor of Safety, Gary Steel Works, United States Steel Co., Gary, Ind.; P. W. MORRIS, Assistant Director of Safety, Inland Steel Co., East Chicago, Ind. Fabricating Industry--E D. MORGAN (Chairman), Superintendent of Plant Protection & Safety, Bethlehem Plant, Bethlehem Steel Company, Bethlehem, Pa.; F. M. BEAU DOIN, Manager Industrial Relations, United States Steel Products Division, United States Steel Company, Sharon, Pa.; H. PALMINI, Safety Engineer, J. I. Case Com pany, Rockford Works, Rockford, III.; W. E. WILLIAMS. Division Safety Engineer, Butler Manufacturing Company, Galesburg, I1L; P. L. WISE Safety &: Welfare Director, Blaw-Knox Division, Blaw-Knox Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; C. A. DeMONGE, Safety Director, Kelsey-Hayes Wheel Company, Detroit, Mich. Foundry Industry--J. D. HOLTZAPPLE (Chairman), Director of Training & Safety, Continental Foundry & Machine Company, East Chicago, Ind.; W. N. DAVIS, Director of Safety, Hygiene and Air Pollution. American Foundrymen's Society. Chicago, 111.; 49 *D. A. FARRELL (Advisory Chairman), Supervisor of Safety, United States Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; G. B. MILLIGAN, Industrial Relations Division. Safety X Insurance Section, Minneapolis-Moline Company, Minneapolis, Minn.; S. RICHARD SON, Employee Relations Staff, American Radiator & Standard Sanitary Corporation. Pittsburgh. Pa.; E. M. LAYMAN, Director of Personnel. General Steel Castings C>rj>oration. Granite Gtv, 111.; A. G. STARRETT, Personnel Director. The Buckeye Steel Castings Company. Columbus, Ohio; E .T. WALLMAN, District Supervisor of Safety. American Brake Shoe Company, Chicago. 111.; J. G. CULLEN, Senior Safety Inspector. Engine & Foundry Division, Ford Motor Company. Dearborn, Mich. Metallic Coating Industry--T. C. CARRICO (Chairman). Director, Welfare & Safety, Wheeling Steel Corporation, Wheeling, W. Va.; *C M. ALLEN (Advisory Chairman). Chief Safety Engineer, Armco Steel Corporation. Middletown, Ohio; B. TRENT, Chairman, Plant Safety Committee, American Hot Dip Galvanizers Association, Inc.. Pittsburgh, Pa.; E. O. KUMLER, Assistant Director, Industrial Relations, Safety Casualty & Tensions, American Steel & Wire Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Non-Ferrous Metals Industries--M. L. ABEL (Chairman), Executive Vice-President. Magnesium Company of America. East Chicago, Ind.; *H. G. HENSEL (Advisory Chairman), Safety Director, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, Chicago, 111.; W. R. GILLILAN'D, Assistant Safety Director, Aluminum Co. of America, Pittsburgh. Pa.; C. L. McCOY, Director of Industrial Relations, Cleveland Plants, Chase Brass X Copper Company, Cleveland, Ohio; J. E. NICHOLS, Director of Safety, ReynoldMetals Company, Richmond, Va.; C. L. RIENZO, Supervisor of Workmen's Compensa tion, Revere Copper and Brass Incorporated, Rome, N. Y.; W. S. VISOKAY, Super intendent of Safety, Bridgeport Brass Company, Bridgeport, Conn.; H. K. LAMBIE Safety Consultant, Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation, Oakland, Calif. Steel Industry--E. J. LANGLAND (Chairman), Safety Engineer. Great Lakes Steel Corporation, Ecorse, Detroit, Mich.; G. J. EIGENBROD, Assistant Superintendent of Industrial Relations, The Colorado Fuel & Iron Corporation. Wick-wire Spencer Steel Division, Buffalo, N. Y.; S. W. HALL, Supervisor, Employee Services Section. Steel Division, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan.; E W. ENGERER. Manage ment's Representative, Pittsburgh District. Bethlehem Steel Company, Pittsburgh. Pa.; W. D. WILLIAMS, Assistant Supervisor of Safety, the Youngstown Sheet & Tul< Company, East Chicago, Ind. Steel Warehousing Industry--J. C. CUSHING (Chairman). Director of Industrial Rela tions, United States Steel Supply Company, Chicago, 111.; *F. W. KELSEY (Advisory Chairman), Supervisor of Safety & Welfare, Jones 8c Laughlin Steel Corporation. Pittsburgh, Pa.; M. A. KING, Supervisor of Safety, J. T. Ryerson Company, Chicago. 111.; J. E. SPANN, Chief Engineer, Chicago Warehouse, Jones & Laughlin Steei Corp., Chicago, 111.; W. C STONER, Superintendent Industrial Relations, Truscon Steel Company, Youngstown, Ohio. Wire Manufacturing Industry--P. CONTARDO (Chairman), Safety Director, John A. Roebling's Sons Co., Trenton, N. J.; *J. F. COLLINS (Advisory Chairman), Super visor of Safety, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, Y'oungstown, Ohio; H. E FRAYER, Safety Director, L. A. Young Spring & Wire Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; A. E. ASEL, Safety Supervisor, Sheffield Steel Corporation, Kansas City, Mo.; W. W. BRANT, Supervisor of Safetv, lohnstown Plant, Bethlehem Steel Companv, Johnstown. Pa. ' ' Health Committee--A. M. EDWARDS, M.D. (Chairman), Medical Director, American Steel 8c Wire Company, Cleveland, Ohio; R. J. BENNETT, M.D., Chief Surgeon. United States Steel Company, Chicago, 111.; E. H. CARLETON, M.D., Medical Director, Inland Steel Company, Indiana Harbor Works, East Chicago, Ind.; S. A. NORRIS, M.D., Chief Surgeon, Jones & I-aughlin Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, l'a 50 Membership Committee--A. D. MURPHY (Chairman), Director of Safety and Sugges tion Plan, Crucible Steel Co. of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; R. H. BUMGARDNER, Manager, Safety & Casualty Bureau, Tennessee Coal and Iron Division, United States Steel Company, Fairfield, Ala.; J. C KEARNS, Safety Supervisor, Reynolds Metals Company, Longview, Wash.; J. A. DOWNEY, JR, Director, Personnel & Safety, Sloss-Sheffield Steel & Iron Company, Birmingham, Ala.; A. L. LOTT, Manager of Industrial Relations, The Steel Company of Canada, Ltd, Hamilton, Canada; C. J. VANDEVENTER, Safety Director, Atlantic Steel Company, Atlanta, Ga. Program Committee--G. O. GRIFFIN (Chairman), Director of Safety, Dravo Corpora tion, Pittsburgh, Pa.; *H. HOLLAND (Advisory Chairman), Supervisor of Safety, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, East Chicago, Ind.; C. L. BRADSHAW, Safety Director, Aluminum Company of America. Pittsburgh. Pa.; G. F. GRACE, Assistant to General Sales Manager, Industrial Chain Division, Columbus McKinnon Chain Corporation, Tonawanda. N. Y.; J. N. MAHAN, Supervisor of Safety and Insurance, Continental Steel Corporation, Kokomo, Ind.; E MARTIN, Director of Safety, Oliver Iron and Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.; A. M. MORGAN, Manager, Industrial Relations Department, Haynes Stellite, Kokomo, Ind.; R. I. PISLE, Super intendent, Industrial Relations, Chicago District, Republic Steel .Corporation. Chicago, 111.; R. MASSENBERG, Superintendent of Safety, National Tube Company, McKees port, Pa. Trade Association Liaison Committee--R. S. B. HOLMES (Chairman), General Staff Supervisor, Training and Safety, National Tube Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; P. J. BOWEN, Assistant Safety Engineer, Great Lakes Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; *P. E GRUNDMAN, Safety Engineer, Armco Steel Corporation, Rustless Division, Balti more, Md.; G. A. RILEY, Supervisor of Safety, American Brake Shoe Company, New York, N. Y.; E MANDRY, Superintendent of Industrial Relations, Republic Steel Corporation. Geveland, Ohio. Visual Education and Poster Committee--D. D. MATEER (Chairman). Supervisor. Safety & Welfare Department, Pittsburgh Works, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation. Pitts burgh, Pa.; P. N. LUNDQUIST, Safety Director, Acme Steel Company, Chicago. 111.; K. C ROBINSON, Director of Safety and Health, Eastern Stainless Steel Corporation, Baltimore, Md.; K. I. WARD, Assistant to Supervisor of Safety, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, Youngstown, Ohio. . Members-at-Large--*E F. BLANK, Assistant to Vice-President, Employee and Public Relations, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.; G. C BROWN, Secretary, Industrial Relations Committee, American Iron and Steel Institute, New York, N. Y.t *R_ A. CHAFFIN, Vice-President, Industrial Relations, Continental Steel Corporation, Kokomo, Ind.; *R. H. FERGUSON, Assistant Director of Industrial Relations, Republic Steel Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio; *G. T. FONDA, Assistant to President, Weirton Steel Company, Weirton, W. Va_; *K H. FYLER, Superintendent, Industrial Relations, United States Steel Company, Gary Steel Works, Gary, Ind.; *F. A. LAUERMAN, Superintendent of Industrial Relations, Republic Steel Corpora tion, Youngstown, Ohio; *J. A. OARTF.I., Pittsburgh, Pa.; *R. L SCHMITT, Louisville, Ky.; *H. J. SPOERER, Director of Industrial Relations, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., Youngstown, Ohio. Staff Representative--R. D. GIDEL, Senior Engineer, National Safetv Council, Chicago. 111. " Past General Chairman 51 VOLUME 19 transactions 1952 II Current Safety Topics in the MINING INDUSTRY presented in sessions of the Mining Section the 40th National Safety Congress a9 Some Aspects of Undergroend Environmental Control................. 5 Fire-Retarding Paints and Compounds for Use on Mine Timbers. . 9 Rock Bursts in the Deep Mines of Calumet and Hecla................. 15 Fires and Fire Prevention Practices in Lake Superior Dist- Iron Mines................................................................................ 18 (Continacd on next poyc) NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 North Michigan Avenue Chicago II, III. 5 Some Aspects of Underground Environmental Control By JOHN W. WARREN Chief Ventilation and Industrial Hygiene Eng., Anaconda Copper Mining Co., Butte, Mont. The literature abounds with information pertaining to the many phases of man's at mospheric environment. The information available lacks in specific procedures for the prevention and alleviation of concentrations of undesirable atmospheric contaminants. Control procedures for underground oper ations become complex and installations diffi cult due to the physical nature of the sur roundings. It may be of interest to those cqncemed to present some of the results of experience and experimentation. Much of the material will be a review. The management of the Anaconda Copper Mining Company has for many years di rected the efforts which have achieved con trol of the underground environment. The policy of the Aanaconda Company in its control of an environmental hazard has always been to improve conditions by proper ventilation, wet methods and any other methods that have been tried and found practical, thus eliminating the use of encumbering gadgets such as masks, helmets and the like. Respirators are used only occasionally and in very few places. The campaign on dust control began with the adoption of wet drillings in 1918. Con version of percussion drills then in use was complete by 1926. During a full normal operation in the Butte district an excess of 1,400 drills have been in service at one time. One of the major undertakings to improve the underground environment was the pro gram to increase the airflow through the mines. The program was formulated by Mr. A. S. Richardson, who has given much to ward making mine ventilation the science it is today. His coefficients of frictional re sistance to airflow and technical papers have I'een o great assistance to the progress of mine ventilation. Mr. Richardson conceived and developed the most ingenious scheme for air conditioning in use today. Knowing that power requirements vary as the cube of the air volume passing through the system and that resistance pressure losses vary as the square of the volume it can be readily realized what an accomplishment was prosecuted and the economic outlay involved. Actually the air flow was doubled for a power increase of approximately 70 per cent. Normally the power increase would have been 800 per cent. Smooth surfacing was installed in 20 air shafts to reduce the resistance pressure losses. Airways of high resistance were enlarged or paralleled and 23 new. reversible and more efficient main surface fans were installed. With a skin to skin octagonal air raise of a diameter of inscribed circle 9'. Area = 67 sq. ft. the friction factor = A 0.0000000018. In a vertical rectangular shaft smooth surfacing is treated and pegged with hard wood dowel pins. In a horizontal airway long treated smooth surfacing is also pegged. The Anaconda Copper Mining Company has always cooperated to the fullest extent with the United States bureau of mines, and the assistance from the bureau has been very helpful and constructive. Accordingly, in 1935 the bureau was extended an invita tion ot make a survey of the existing con ditions in the Butte mines. - In 1936 a survev was made under the supervision and direction of Dr. Carlton E. Brown, chemist. United States bureau of mines. The average dust concentration for the Butte mines was found to be approxi mately 2.05 millions of partiefts per cubic foot. The survey results supported the find ings ot surveys made by our own engineers in their investigations both before and since the bureau survey. The free silica content will average about 16 per cent. A very fruitful research . program was prosecuted with the cooperation of the V. S. bureau of mines. One of the major accom plishments benefiting the industry as a whole was the investigation of the relation of dust dissemination to water flow through rock drills. Findings have l>een published as He- 0 Mining Industry i>ort of Investigations 3393. In brief it ing. and arc delivering air through over 40 was found tiiat with all other factors con miles of flexible tubing. stant. the water flow to the anting face of There is in excess of 10.000 connected tiic bit should be not less than 1 Ys G.I'.M. horsepower on ventilation in the Butte All rock drills arc now equipi>cd with a water needle which will pass this flow at desirable underground waterline pressure. district. An air transmission duct having 3S" inside diameter assembled from V/z" thick Today there is being ciroilatcd in the Douglas grade A fir staves delivers condi Butte mines an excess of 3 million cubic tioned air counter-airrent to very warm feet of air jnrr minute. The quantity of air drainage water resulting from a high ground circulated through the mines in one minute gradient at the horizon. is sufficient to sustain life in a human being from the time he is bom until he is 21 years old. In weight there is circulated through the Butte mines an excess of 20 tons of air for every ton of rock which is hoisted to surface. This weight includes an excess of 5.000 tons per day being hoisted from the greater Butte project. A steel duct made from a 21 Jj" inside diameter spiral circumferential U*ckscam welded --14 gauge steel pq>e is protected inside and outride with a protective coating highly resistant to acid mine waters having a low pH. This type of installation is where the life may l>c of a semi-permanent nature and where reversible ventilation is permis A backward curve, centrifugal, safcload. sible. reversible, surface main mine tan with louvre Plastic air transmission duct, both semi control for selectivity of volume is highly rigid and flexible, is now undergoing test desirable for minute pressure control. Such and preliminary tests indicate it may l>c *>f control is highly advantageous in the event economic value for many types of installa of an underground fire. A shaft house with contained air lock facilitates work and transl>ortation with the fan in operation. Six similar fans having capacities from 225.000 to 250,000 CFM at total pressures varying from 10.0" H:0 to 14.75" H:0 operate primarily exhausting in the district. tions. With an oblong orifice used on the aid of air transmission lines servicing sill head ings. the positive ventilation is delivered in a flat tubular pattern at high velocity to the heading sweeping the face downward and nut along floor-line. Any concentrations A propeller type fan which relies on the are coursed outward l>clow breathing zone. change of rotation for reversal of airflow All hoisting shafts for safety purposes allows efficiency in reverse direction to be are maintained as downcast inlets. Mine greatly sacrificed. The loss of volume is wirds are paved with a "road-mix'* topping approximately 40 per cent when the fan is to prevent dispersion of dust into the atmo>- not primarily exhausting. plicre: such a surface lends itself to good A forward curve blade reversible mine housekeeping and jtermits an ease nt` wetting fan operating on a relatively shallow mine down. has a capacity of 150.000 CFM at 4.30" H:0. Hoisting shafts can l*c carily wetted with The Butte district has one forward curved blade fan delivering 275.000 CFM at 14.1" HtO Static Pressure which is directly con nected to a 900 horsejKjwer synchronous a compressed 'air and water mit spray without coursing a stream over supporting shaft timbers. The spray is of consequence when rock hoisting ulceration* arc underway. motor. This arrangement is by choice a Water mist sprays can l>c turned on i> necessity since a low sound level in the wet down hanlagcways and airway* as the area was desirable and mainly because the occasion arises. These sprays are non mine orifice is one of fixed nature. The fan dogging. induces the exhaust air flow from the central pumping plant and some exhaust components from surrounding mines. One of the more important dn-t control features in underground mining qierationis the proper use of a compressed air and There are approximately 1.000 auxiliary water blast or mist spray. With the general blowers with a capacity of 3.000 CFM at tyj>e u*ed by the Anaconda Company, the 6" HjO S. 1'. in service in the district. The water flow is controlled by a diameter blowers generally oj>erate. primarily blow orifice in the flexible hose nipple. The hose Some Aspects of Underground Environmental Control 7 cross-over is used to compensate for tlic varying lengths of service pipe lines. The mist wets down each successive blast as the One of the surface cooling tower units reduces the temperature of the circulating cooling medium to below the wet bulb tem round in the heading is fired. The mist perature when desirable. spray homogenously wets down the muck In the air washing chamber in one of the pile so tliat voids are more likely to be filled plants, tiie air undergoes preconditioning with water vapor rather than gases from powder ignition. The air displacement at the heading forces the gases out to where the auxiliary ventilation can course the at mosphere to the primary circuit. Use of the heading environment with and without the use of a compressed air and water blast and with all other factors being kept constant, show the dust concentrations in '.he heading vicinity soon after the blast arc of low magnitude. Cooperative research work with the bureau ot mines was accom plished in this respect. The results are pub lished in Report of Investigations #3388. A compressed- air and water mist spray or blast accomplishes the same purpose. This piece of equipment is shielded and can be wedged between the track. With a compressed air and water mist spray for use in a 3 compartment raise, the amount of water is controlled by an orifice in a union and is readily adaptable to flexibility since it can be pointed toward the back or into the chutes. It can be made to work equally as well in a 2 compartment raise. before entering the cooling section. At the discharge end of one of the 70,000 CFM plants, the circulating water courses in the low pressure circuit to the sprays in the washing chamber. Water resulting from dehumidification drops from the cooling coils and often exceeds 10 gallons per minute. Frost on the return bends of the heat absorber occurs during the period of great est mean temperature difference. The air conditioning plants deliver condi tioned air in the* heart of the working areas and do not condition near the source of the primary system. It is not a bit un common for these plants to lower the wet bulb temperature 20 F. The plants described arc of high pressure, closed circuit type. Low pressure, city water serviced air conditioning plants are used in some instances for remote de velopment headings. In many cases the dis charge water is used for leaching soluble copper. - The greater Butte project which embodies a type of mining method differing from With the mist spray in position in a three those being used in the fissure vein struc compartment raise, regular service hoses are used in the drilling operation and are connected to the blast. tures presents a new problem in dust control. Where large tonnages- arc transported, dust concentrations of high magnitude are A portable compressed air and water mist spray which is connected by dual or twin welding hose from the service lines has dispersed at points of loading, dumping, hoisting and crushing. Since these operations occur in the upstream of intake ventilation application in finger raises of block caving circuits it is desirable and necessary to operations and can also be used for wetting remove the contaminants before the air * down. coursed to the actual mining areas. Air-conditioning plays a major part in the To proride air of high quality the use underground environmental control within several areas of the Butte district. Two large air-conditioning plants of very in of electrostatic precipitation is being made. We believe it is the only means by which aH of the dust of pathological consequence genious design arc located in the district. can be removed from the air stream. Hach plant has the capacity to deliver a yearly average of over 1,000 totis of refrig eration per day. One plant is now in its 16th year of oper ation and during its service it has condi tioned and delivered into the working areas of the mine approximately one trillion cubic The distinction anti imjtortant difference lctwecn the scale of efficiencies <>f the vari ous collectors between collection by weight and collection by number concentration is of vital importance in environmental control. For example a collector may have a collec tion efficiency of 99.5 per cent by weight feet of air ujton which 3.500,000 tons of and only 1.5 per cent collection efficiency by refrigeration has l>een affected. number concentration. 8 Muting Industry It naturally follows that high collection efficiency of number concentration is desired in environmental control. It is our experience that collectors range in the following order for dusts of patho logical consequence: Electrostatic precipita tors. Goth arresters. Wet collectors. High efficiency, high resistance cyclones. Low efficiencv, low resistance cyclones. Without control, concentrations of high magnitude would emanate at the main hoist ing shaft, skip chutes, transfer raises, haulageways and ore extraction zones at the new Kelley mine and pollute the entire airstream from inlet to outlet. The principle of collection, transport and retention is relatively the same for all locations where the rockstream passes freely through the air and where heavy concen trations may emanate. For example, in the case of dumping at the skip pockets the dust ladcned displaced air is drawn into the suction hood. The flat tubular air jet from the plenum chamber forms a horizontal shield mixing with the displaced air and enters the suction hood. The third and major air component is drawn down over the car during the dump ing cycle thus preventing contamination into the inlet air stream. The polluted air is coursed from the col lection hood to a wet collector of our own design where number concentration of the contaminant is reduced to a very low per centage. Complete and final removal of air borne dujt is accomplished in the elcctromatic filter. The cleaned air courses through 2 direct expulsion type fans operating in parallel and which keep the entire collection system under negative pressure. The clean air flow com ponent joins the main intake air' flow from the downcast shaft coursing to the working areas to provide a desirable environment for all concerned. Dust particles having a maximum diam eter of 10 microns or less are considered to be of pathological consequence. Knowing that 1 micron is equivalent to l/25,000th of an inch, the relative size of these minute par ticles can be appreciated. A particular type of electrostatic precipi tator utilizes an ionizing chamber and two vertical curtains of charged plates of alter nate polarity. The grounded or negative plates travel intermittently propelling a wiper. The mov ing plates course through a viscosine bath where adhered particulate material is re moved by a stationary wiper and drops as sludge into the sump. We are told that the acceleration of the negative electrons greatly increases as they approach the highly stressed electrical field surrounding the ionizing wires. The elec trons moving at high speed, impact upon gas molecules causing them to loose negative electrons which results in the gas molecules having a positive polarity. The dust particles which may or may not possess a charge are surrounded by a num ber of positively charged gas molecules causing a mass attraction effect The nega tively charged plate attracts the particle and retention occurs in the viscous film on the plate. Velocities through the spaces between the plates must be kept at low magnitude. I f the component of velocity exceeds the re sultant of electrical attraction in the plane normal to travel, the particle will pass fhrough the electrical field without deposi tion. Briefly dust particles are subjected to the effluence of air motion and are careless in nature until they approach the ionizing field where they begin to develop concern and shortly thereafter they are subjected to attraction and retention. Pollen, mold spores and bacteria have no means of locomotion but can readily choose a dust particle as a means of conveyance. Electrostatic precipitation provides the means for hygienically cleaning the environment. Officers of the MINING SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1952-53 General Chairman--A. J. STROMQUIST, Cleveland Cliffs Iron Co., Ishpeming. Midi. First Vice-Chairman--OSCAR A. GLAESER, U. S. Smelting. Refining and Mining Co.. Salt Lake City, Utah. Second Vice-Chairman--GEORGE GEDGE, Calumet and Hecla Consolidated Copper Co.. Calumet. Mich. Third Vice-Chairman--J. T. WILLIAMS, Runker Hill & Sullivan Mining & Concentra tion Co., Kellogg, Idaho. Secretary <S* A'e?cs Fetter Editor--I). 0. KENNEDY. Safety Rranch. U. S. Hureau of Mines. Washington, I). C. . Entertainment Committee--J. T. RYAN. JR. (Chairman), Mine Safety Appliances Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa. Engineering Committee--F. K. BIRCHFIELD (Chairman), Tennessee Coal, Iron & R .R. Co., Birmingham, Ala.; C. E. SHEA. Oliver Mining Company, Hibbing. Minn.; H. B. HUTCHENS. Eagle Richer Mining & Smelting Co., Cardin. Okla.. R.AYMOND R. KNILL, Potash Company of America, Carlsbad. N. M.; JOHN B. BIKER. Con solidated Mining & Smelting Co., I.td., of Canada. Trail. British Columbia. Canaria. Membership Committee--R. E. WILSON (Chairman), Oliver Iron Mining Co, Duluth, Minn.; M. R. McPHERSON, Kerr-Addison Gold Mines, LttL. Virginiatown, Ontario. Canada; C. R. NEIL. Betlilehem Cornwall Corp, Cornwall. Pa,; E. RUXEHJKLM. Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company, Flin Flon. Manitoba. Canada Program Committee--S. H. ASH (Chairman), Safety Brandi. U. S. Bureau of Mines. Washington, D. C; W. 0. TOWER, Chief Inspector of Mines, Toronta. Ontario, Canada; C. M. ELLEDGE, Remolds Mining Corp, Alexander, Ark. Poster and Visual Aids Committee--I.. F. BISHOP (Chairman), Anaconda Copper Mining Co.. Butte, Mont.; R. E HARMON. Phelps Dodge Corp.. New Cornelia Branch. Ajo. Ariz.; G. W. KNUDSEN, Utah Copper Company, Bingham. Utah; GEORGE W. STREEPEY. Alcoa Mining Co.. New York. N. Y*; M. C. M. POL LARD. National Gypsum Co, Buffalo. N. Y.; LAMAR WEAVER. Tennessee Copper Co, Coppcrhill, Tenn.; A. H. ZEILINGEK. Colorado Fuel & Iron Co, Pueblo. Colo. Statistics Committee--SETH T. REESE (Chairman). L". S. Bureau of Mine<. Accident Analyses Div, Washington, D. C. Safety Promotion Committee--R. F. A. THEW (Chairman). Steep Rock Iron MineLtd, Sleep I\<xk Lake, Ontario. Canada; P. D. McML RRHR. Mining Congrc'> Jour- 54 nal, Washington, D. G; EVAN JUST, Engineering & Mining Journal. New York. X. Y.; JOHN DORSCH. Mining World. San Francisco, Gil.; H. R. RICE, Canadian .Mining Journal, Gardenvale. Quebec, Canada. Hygiene and Ventilation Committee--C WESLEY POTTER (Chairman). Homestake Mining Co., Lead, So. Dak.; AL KOLU, Pickands Mather & Co., Duluth. Minn.; S. E SHARP, Tennessee Copper Co.. Copperhill. Tenn. Member^-at-Large--"CLIFFORD GIBSON, Mines Accident Prevention Assn, of Ontario. Timmins, Ontario, Canada; "GEORGE GERRY. Pickands Mather & Co_ Ironwood. Mich.; *\VALTER E MONTGOMERY, Quehec Asbestos Mining Assn, Montreal, Quebec. Canada; "JAMES K. RICHARDSON. Kcnnecott Copper Co., Salt Lake City. Utah; "JOHN L. BOARDMAX. Anaconda Copper Mining Co.. Butte. Mont.; "C. M. FELLMAN. The Montreal Mining Co.. Montreal. Wis.; A. W. NESS. Amer ican Smelting & Refining Co.. Salt Lake City. Utah: *P. M. ARTHUR. American Zinc Co. of Tennessee, Maseott. Tenn.; "ANGUS D. CAMPBELL. McIntyre Porcu pine Mines, Ltd., Schumacher. Ontario. Canada ; "W. H. COM INS. Baroid Sale* Div., National Lead Co., Texarkana, Texas; "R. DAWSON HALE Oral Age. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Inc.. New York. X. Y.; S. E SHARP. Tennessee Copi-er Co., Copperhill. Tenn.; GEORGE A. BORGESON, M. A. Hanna Co., Hibbing. Minn.: L H. SLOAXE Canadian lohns-Manvillc Co, Lt<E Asbestos. Quebec. Canada; R. H. SEIP. The New Jersey Zinc Co., Franklin, N. J.; "JOHN TREWEEK. Homestake Mining Co., Lead, S. D.; HOWARD I. YOUNG, American Zinc. Lead & Smelting Co,, St. Louis, Mo. Staff Refresentatk-c--G. G. GRIEVE National Safety Council, Chicago, I1L Past General Chairman 55