Document YrDyOjYze52xL3paBvwRX2qG8

Generation Wind Power PFAS containing technologies for the EU path to a climate neutral society based on the European Green Deal Distribution Final Use Transmission & Distribution Equipment Grid Access H2-Production E-Mobility Industry Buildings Juli 2023 Pumps Electrical Contacts Semiconductors Cross-sectional Technologies Electric Drives Electric Energy Storage Fuel Cell Heat Pump Wind Power (onshore/offshore) Grid Access Products: Wind turbine Relevant for: Renewable energy production Function of product: Production of electrical power by using natural wind PFAS substance used: PTFE (lubricant) PFAS containing material / component: taping foil moulds as release agent in production; sealing rings, gliding pads, lubricants, li-battery Reason for use: separates rotor blades from mould during production, smooth kinematic motions, self sustainable turbines application Lifetime of product: about 20 years Lifetime of PFAS used: depending on application Products: HV Power Converter Relevant for: Enabling grid access to connect renewable offshore power generation to the grid over longer distances Function of product: conversion of electric power from high voltage alternating current (AC) to high-voltage direct current (HVDC) for long distant power connections PFAS substance used: PVDF PFAS containing material / component: Cooling pipes (oil system) Reason for use: extrem heat- and high (aggressive) chemical resistance insulation ability, low water absorption and fire retarding ability Lifetime of product: 30 - 40 years Lifetime of PFAS used: designed for product lifetime, can be easily separated for disposal Transmission & Distribution Equipment Products: HV/MV switchgear; instrument transformer; Coils; Distribution and Power Transformer Relevant for: grid stability and security (risk prevention) - power overload protection for overhead and distribution lines; metering, protection and control of the high/medium voltage power system; power transformation Function of product: electrical switching in power T&D lines for industrial and commercial use, protection and controlling power loads; voltage or phase conversion HV to LV, electrical isolation, voltage measurement and monitoring in T&D lines PFAS substance used: solids: PTFE, PVDF, PFPE lubricants: PTFE, insulating gases PFAS containing material / component: cooling pipes, seals; sliding ring, switching nozzle Reason for use: extreme heat-, flame- and high (aggressive) chemical resistance, low electric conductivity, dielectric insulation, low water absorption, ablation of PTFE for cooling purpose - prerequisite for arc switching, reduction of friction within kinematic chain, surface protection Lifetime of product: 30 - 40 years Lifetime of PFAS used: Designed for product lifetime Electric Energy Storage Products: Lithium-Ion Batteries Relevant for: Energy storage, electric mobility, ICT (information and communications technology), medical devices, tracking, smart metering, security devices Function of product: Storage and supply of electrical energy with low energy loss, high charging speed and energy density PFAS substance used: PTFE, PVDF PFAS containing material / component: low-molecular PFAS in electrolyte , binders in the cathode of lithium batteries Reason for use: intermediate electrical energy storage with minor losses and high charging cycles Lifetime of product: Up to 20 years Lifetime of PFAS used: designed for product lifetime Hydrogen Production Energy Storage Products: Electrolyzer Relevant for: renewable energy - production of green hydrogen by electrochemical splitting of water Function of product: electrochemical conversion of (green) electrical energy into chemical energy (hydrogen as an energy carrier). An electrolyzer catalytically splits water into oxygen ions and protons. Applying an electrical current protons migrate through a membrane and convert to H2 at the cathode while O2 forms at the anode. PFAS substance used: PFSA, PTFE , ePTFE, PFPE, PFA, and others PFAS containing material / component: membranes, GDL (gas diffusion layer), catalyst layer for MEA (membrane electrode assembly), sealings for stacks and other system components Reason for use: heat- and high (aggressive) chemical and mechanical resistance, wetting properties, low surface energy. Lifetime of product: ~25 years, 10 years for electrolyzer stacks Lifetime of PFAS used: see product, PM catalyst recovery ensures full recycling Products: Fuel Cell Relevant for: renewable energy - efficient ,,re-electrification" of hydrogen to electric power. Use of chemical energy for storage and fast refueling while having a higher efficiency than the combustion engine and no pollutant emissions. Function of product: electrochemical conversion of hydrogen into electricity and water PFAS substance used: PFSA, PTFE, ePTFE, PKM PFAS containing material / component: membrane, GDL (gas diffusion layer) for MEA, catalyst layer for MEA, Sealing for Bipolar plate and Cathode-/Anode endplate Reason for use: heat- and high (aggressive) chemical and mechanical resistance, wetting properties, low surface energy. Lifetime of product: ~15 years, operating hours: 15.000 h, target: 30.000 h. Lifetime of PFAS used: see product, PM catalyst recovery ensures full recycling Buildings E-Mobility Products: Heat Pumps Relevant for: Energy transition, decarbonization, energy-efficient houses Function of product: provide heating, cooling and hot water for residential, commercial and industrial use PFAS substance used: PVDF, PTFE (solids) , PFA, FEP, FKM, ETFE, PP-TFE PFAS containing material / component: Refrigerants, sealings and insulation, electronics / controls and monitoring equipment, compressor (bearing, seals, electronics) Reason for use: High temperature-, aggressive chemical-and UV resistance, high dielectric strength, high refractive index, inherent flame retardance, moisture barrier, non-fouling behavior in water systems. Lifetime of product: average 15 - 20 years Lifetime of PFAS used: designed for product lifetime Products: Battery, drive, cooling system, actuators for management of cooling fluid cycles Relevant for: Battery electric vehicles (BEV) and its lifetime operation Function of product: see description of electrical storage and electric drives; drive train components (converter, e-engine, transmission) via high performance gearmotor actuators PFAS substance used: PFPE/PTFE containing lubricant, refrigerant R1234yf PFAS containing material / component: cooling refrigerant, lubricants in micro-gearboxes (actuators) Reason for use: resilience against temperature fluctuation, wear protection, functional precision, avoidance of significant weight increase and design challenges. Thermal management of BEV coolant cycles requires high precision actuation of gearmotor-driven valves and flaps over temperatures ranging from -40C to +150C. Lifetime of product: ~up to 25 years. Lifetime of PFAS used: Same as vehicle lifetime Industry Products: Combined heat and power plant for decentralized power and heat generation Relevant for: decentralized power and heat generation, power grid stabilization Function of product: conversion of chemical energy (e. g. hydrogen, see fuel cell technology) into electricity and heat PFAS substance used: PTFE (solid), PTFE lubricants, PFPE, insulating gases PFAS containing material / component: Seals, hoses, PTFE tape, hydraulic fluid, cables Reason for use: Prevents fluid leaks, increases longevity of products that reduces waste, fire prevention, heat, flame and high (aggressive) chemical resistance, low electrical conductivity, dielectric insulation, low water absorption, provide friction reduction. Lifetime of product: 25 years Lifetime of PFAS used: designed for product lifetime Cross-sectional Technologies Products: Pumps, Vacuum technology, Compressors (H2, Biomethane) Relevant for: Production and conveying of basic chemicals (e.g. acid and leach); Conveying liquid H2 ; Manufacturing of Solar cells, Compression and Transport of gaseous H2, Bio-methan, gaseous chemicals Function of product: Transport of liquid or gaseous substances by applying pressure through mechanical means, also for storage PFAS substance used: FKM/FPM, PTFE PFAS containing material / component: Seals, sealing rings, guide rings, non-stick coatings, Labyrinth inserts, Lubricants, Sliding bushes, hoses, diaphragms (Diaphragm compr.) Reason for use: resistance against high heat and (aggressive) chemicals resistance Lifetime of product: 30 years and more (e.g. pumps, vacuum pumps) 50 years and more (process gas compressors H2) Lifetime of PFAS used: designed for product lifetime Cross-sectional Technologies Products: Electric Drive Relevant for: Automotive and industrial applications Function of product: Convert electric energy into mechanical energy PFAS substance used: FKM/FPM, PTFE, PFPE PFAS containing material / component: Sealing, coating, lubricant, wire insulation, guide element Reason for use: Thermal resistance, chemical resistance (e.g. anticorrosion), wear resistance (at high speeds, high-pressure cleaning), non-stick properties, low friction, resistance to environmental influences (UV radiation, ozone), lubricant compatibility Lifetime of product: 30 years and more Lifetime of PFAS used: Designed for highest durability, replacement of sealings in case of wear Cross-sectional Technologies Cross-sectional Technologies Products: Electrical contacts Relevant for: High performance industrial contacts with high mating cycles and high current densities; required e. g. for rail applications and BEV contacts to withstand vibration stress during operation Function of product: Electrical high current transmission PFAS substance used: PFPE formulated grease or oil PFAS containing material / component: PFPE surface lubricant on metal contacts Reason for use: only PFPE based lubricants withstand the rough environmental conditions at the extreme temperatures at high current densities, reduction of mechanical friction, prevention of contact corrosion and microwelding, reduction of electrical contact resistance Lifetime of product: Up to 25 years Lifetime of PFAS used: designed for product lifetime Products: Semiconductor (focus manufacturing process) Relevant for: electrification and digitalization in almost all technical applications Function of product: electrical power control and electrical information distribution switching PFAS substance used: PFPE, PTFE and other PFAS formulations (CF4, C4F8,...) PFAS containing material / component: manufacturing process gases for plasma dry etching; chemical solutions for wet etching and wafer cleaning; additives in lithography materials; antistiction coatings; machinery for semiconductor processing Reason for use: low particle levels (due to low surface adhesion and low wear), chemical process requirements, thermal stability, optical properties Lifetime of product: lifetime of final product/facility Lifetime of PFAS used: n.a.; generally only used for manufacturing Disclaimer The topics take into account the state of the art at the time of issue. Everyone is requested, if he encounters inaccuracies or the possibility of misunderstanding in the document, to notify the associations immediately so that any deficiencies can be corrected. The addition of and linking to other content requires the agreement of the authors. Contact Kirsten Metz ZVEI @zvei.org Michael POschner VDA @vda.de Alena Knauz VDMA @vdma.org