Document Yr6weprpgodzwkynd5V7aY68y
November l6, 194-0
Dr. 3VU. Buchanan Republic Steel Corporation Youngstown, Ohio
Dear Doctor Buchanan:
We are sending herewith the analytical report on the four samples you sent us.
As Dr. Kehoe is out of the laboratory and will not return for some time, I am commenting on the results of the analyses and stipple cell counts and am leaving this letter for him in the event that he wishes to enlarge upon the following observations.
The stipple cell counts were as follows:
- 4- per 50 fields per 50 fields - 0 per 50 fields L- no smear
As Dr. Kehoe has probably pointed out in his dis cussions with you, stipple cell counts find their chief value as an index of exposure only when used for large groups of men and as a continuous frequent record on an individual. In other words, a single stippled oell count on an individual at one time does not furnish the accurate information that can be gotten from study of the excretion. The variability from count to count.in an single man or in a group is high and it is only by consideration of the mean values for groups that the effects of this variability can be eliminated. Again, while subsequent counts on a single individual may vary, a progressive rise of tendency to inorease, would be indicative over a period of time of greater and greater exposure. It follows therefore as a consequence of the high variability of stipple cell counts, that correlation between them and urine analyses would only he feasible if a large number (sufficiently large to eliminate variability in counts) were obtained. In a small group, variability would obscure any contingency or correlation that might otherwise be present. The experience with large groups with varying lead exposure with its effeot upon stipple oell counts and means for the grqup is included in Dr. Kehoe*s recent publications, copies of which you may have. If not, the collected papers of the
Dr. X. U. Buchanan - (2) - November 16, 194-0
National Battery Manufacturers Assoolatibn meeting in Chicago, in 1939* cover this subject well.
Spot urine analyses, sinoe they are carried out on small samples, are more variable than large .24-hour samples, but if there is no forced or abnormal diuresis or concen tration of urine, they check well with the large samples, and have proven extremely useful. Much greater care is necessary in their collection, of course, since very small contaminations will greatly influence the results. Because of the possibility of contamination, large samples taken at periodic intervals to measure the exposure of groups,, have in the long run been freer from conflicting incidence and susceptible to more accurate interpretation. These need not of course be collected at the plant, but may be taken at the time the workman is at home and the jugs left in his possession until a 2 or 3 liter sample has been collected in the off hours. In our experience with adequate instruction and reasonable care, large samples can be collected repeatedly without contamination.
In the light of v:hat has been said above, the interpre tation of the stipple cell counts and the urine results will become somewhat clearer. In so far as the counts are con cerned, these are no higher than those seen in non-exposed individuals and should be interpreted in terms of pervious counts on these men and counts on other workmen with similar exposure.
<^Ir^th^mse of the urine results, Only one, namely, that on IBBMBBMHBBlla at a level which indicates significant expo^reTxnlar^e groups'of men having a mean urinary excretion of this value, only occasional oases of intoxication appear and this level itself is not of an order of magnitude which Is associated with intoxication in a given individual.
value of 0.0& for
an<i 0 0&5 ' for
_ ire higher than tbffse encountered in normal indivi-
l S and suggest recent moderate exposure, which may or may
not have been industrial in origin. In the case of none of
the samples, however, is the magnitude of excretion of such
order fes to suggest serious exposure.
With best regards, I am
Very truly yours.
0018655
Willard Machle,. D.
..feiis V
iis..
'
-
**> t it;
nth & yea?. Heats IHA
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n**
iXPosaaa ofim-fo A T31AT3D STSSL
* * *
|ilg* 19S8!
I ^ "b
? ;
'-
.; 'L ear month oa lays that
- '^ aa Mins afede
1954 2030 , 2000
15.7- 0H:t 14.S-:
3S.9
-,
; :fSi*9: :
sept.1933 . 270 16 18.0
\
Oct. 1938
683
36 19.0
1 . HOT* 1933
456
35 13.0
93.7. 67.2 105,3 93.6 , 103.8 100.5
53.7 56 106.3 12.2 188.4 96
53.5 31.6 96.6
lee* 1938
135
13 10,4
31.6 26.7 23.9 8
26.7
Jan. 1939
51
10
5.0
30.0 15.3 30.0 0
16.0
Fb. 1939
93
15
6.0
43.4 43.8 63.0 39
51.8
2r 1939
164
20
3.2
68.3 70.0 95.7 72
79.7
ipr. 1939
191
23
8.3
62.5 57.0 71.0 48
74.7
:isy 1939
103
15
6.9
34.8 42.0 61.3 16
58.0
JUneli839
239
29 10.0
121,3 73.4 107.1 82
43.9
as abfevs ia all the record thatis available on the man whoso chock numbs? is given. As there is three turns to a full 24 hours of operation the above record is very inaccurate aa it non stands. An approximate amount of exposure time oaa be calculated by uivi&ing the hours worked each month by three, assuming that the XPM. was divided equally among the three turns and that the time also was equally divided. If this is done the time should than be multiplied by the degree of exposure according to,the kind of position the man fills* This degree of exposure has been estimated by the superintendent of the Bessemer and is given below with the mens names and positions.
0k.Ho.
Position
Segree of exposure
2001
Pouring floor
1*0
1991
Steel poorer
0.9
1954
Vessel am
0*3
2030
.Labdr^v-,,
0.3
2000
Pouring floor
1*0
Hote: An exposure of 1*0 means that the man gets the full exposure to the fumes. Any
less amounts meaning a decrease in the exposure to fumes due to the mans position.
xhe men listed below have not been exposed to UMA treated steel since Sppt
record of prior exposure is available.
Ck.Ho.
Name
Position
5318
Scarfer
6179
Soarfar
6300
Scarfer
1939* Ho
The men listed below are from the Bessemer converter and finishing mill and no record
is available oa them prior to July 1st. 1939
Ck.No. ama
Position
1886 1920
6300
Bottom maker Scrap wheeler Guide setter
HZ 0018656
N19711.01
'#gf
!ir Is a report covering the months of July, ingust, September 1939 oa exposure f the
teel^-gi
illsd by a , jiQ^^a^chtel Superinten-
.oa Scrap asn
)f Toffcal
'Average \Dfigree of Sst* total
t 9
fume\im^9Kpos\ire; exposure
IBS l ft ae time per turn
V 52\0^hrs 1.6J?ts.
0 hrs
28 50.8 * 1.8
0.6
30.5 n
Vessel man
33 * 34.3 * 1.0
1.0
34*3
Steel pourer 35
Pouring floor 32
Pouring floor 28
Laborer
3
Guide setter 15
34.0 * 0.9 * 33,3 w 1,0 * 28.0 " 1.0 " 9,3 * 1.1* 20.6 " 1.3 *
0.9 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5
30.6 33,3 t* 28,0
2,8 ti 10,3 #
*Last xorked Aug. S3, 1939. Off thereafter due to vacation and sickness.
?3i
Note: Exhaust system uas put into operation December 12, 1938 Lead addes to moulds beginning March 8, 1939.
H. J. Elliott Medical Technician
KF 0018657
' ' ^ ; ; tfti
.W
Examinations of Employes of Republic Steel Corporation. Bess Hospital, Youngstown. Ohio
Name
Analysis Number
"u r in e Mr s Pb Pound
#l^k
flHHHBBt se,8lS
4HBh iiv #2000
#2001
^^SSSSSSSSL 4i99i
#6500
#1920
____ #23.W. ..
M #2020
#6179
39A-2514.7 . 39A-29k3 39A-25ll2 _ 39A-25kk . 3 9A-25k9 _ _ : _ 39A-25it5_ _39A-2530_ . . 39A-25k8 ..... 39A-25ia 39A-29k6
0.09 0*13 0.21 0.92 O.28 0.19 0.11 0.17 0.06 0.18
-V.;, Mss Pb/Liter rA** J /
0.02 . Q
0.0k +
3
0.08 +
0
0.1k
_u_
0.09
1
0.09.
L
0.06
9
0.06
k
0.02 + 0.09 +
/<? %
Reported: August Ik, 1959
HE 0018658
N19711.02
Sample of urine submitted by Republic Steel Corporation, Yoangstown, Ohio,
Urine
Date Received; 7-20-1939
Analysis No. 39A-264-7
Volume - 17SO cc
Mgs Pb/
Liter
-
0.03
?
Reported; 7-22-1939
KIT 0018659
N197U.03
STIPPBED CELL OOQWtSON
SMEARS FROM REPUCLIB STELL CORPORATION
Received; 7-19-3.939
#6300 #2020
6 1$
1 0 0 6 0 2
KB 0018860
N19711.04
Stippled Cell Sounts on
Smears from Employees of Republic Steel
These results are well within normal limits, Robert A, Kehoe* K,D,
KE 0018661