Document Yr4JxM2XKNxb8eDqMdD6pnd30

2/r - m-zj APRIL, 1946 7 Industrial Hygiene Digest (Vol.10, No. 4) HiteiatuU Gbstl&cts MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL - dociaiona and tranda fludustlial Health Tlews M Mi Bf INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVSCUZ rnrsBunoH u. pa. EXHIBIT a Isdaatrlal Hrsleae Fbaadatloa unma no reapenatbllltr for utinuru in nrtleloo abatxactod Is thla Ciceat or for motortsl-from otbor organlaattona which map bo oont to aiembon from uni to tlmo. Tbo Dlfoat'o condanaataa of ajttclea. aa wall aa litaraturo not orifinatlns within tha Foandatloo. an matfa amiable to oar namhora aolal? for tbalr taformatloa, hr war of hooplas thorn pooled on doTalopmaaio. FOUNDATION FACTS rouftflatioA *cta a wontm* a-'ttttf ttutd to induttnal coc*ra holding mtme^n<e induAtNAl Mygint Foundation. Th# FoundAtton it a non.oeoFt AddoeiAtion of >nowat^>os *or tnt advaneamont of hoaitnfui wording condition*. 7sl. 3 April. 1946 Mo. 4 Medical and Engineering Transactions Issued The Transactions covering the Medical and Engineering Section of the Foundation's Tenth Annual Meeting were published and sent to members recently. This notable publication contains: A preliminary report by Dr. C.Q. Sappingtoo on a field study now ir. progress on Industrial Health Department Functions; A panel discussion on Accurate Diagnosis of Silicosis, led by Dr. Leroy U. Gardner; A report on Accurate Measurement of Silicosis Hazards by Dr. F.R. Holden and other members of the Foundation1s staff, and A detailed report by Dr. W.M. Gafafer on the continuing study of sick absenteeism in which the Foundation has been cooperating with the U.S. Public Health Service since 1940. Uac or Aliaima \n Coasting Sliicoaia The Council on Industrial Health and the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association have issued a report on "Aluminum in the Prevention and Treatment of Silicosis". This is published in the April 27 issue of the "Journal of the American Medical Association". A copy of the report is contained in the current INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST. Measurement af Air Flaw A revision of the Preventive Engineering bulletin on Measurement of Air Flow Rate-in Industrial Ventilation has Just been issued to members. The demend for this publication exhausted the original printing. Members desiring additional copies may now secure them. Integration of Health and Safety The Foundation arranged an industrial hygiene program at the Western Pennsylvania Safety Conference held in Pittsburgh late in April. Dr. Dudley A. Irwin of the Aluminum Company and Theodore F. Hatch of the Foundation participated in a joint discussion on "Integration of Industrial Safety, Hygiene and Medicine". News Briefs: Members of the Foundation's staff attended the annual meeting of the Industrial Physicians and Industrial Hygienists held in Chicago recently............ Dr. Holden presented a paper at the meeting............ Dr. A.J. Lanza, Chairman of the Foundation's Medical Comittee, was given the Knudsen Award at the conclusion of the sessions. This is presented each year to a physician for outstanding work in indus trial health. I-H-F NOuaTWlAW HVAlANl VOUNOATlON 4*00 irT avBNUl TABuL 3F CONTENTS News Items....................................................................................... 1 Icruprtional Disease Statistics.............................................. 3 Legrl Developments........................................................................ 4 Book Reviews and Notices............................................................ 7 Methods of Detection and Determination................................. 3 Control Methods.............................................................................. 10 Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects.................... 11 Skin Diseases and Bums.............................................................. 19 Industrial Medical Practice...................................................... 21 Industrial Relations, Personnel............................................... 24 Putting the Disabled Veteran Back to Work........................... 25 Absenteeism, Hours of Labor, Etc............................................. 28 Insurance and Medical Economics............................................... 29 Laboratory Toxicological Studies.................................... 29 Public Health................................................................................. 31 Nutrition......................................................................................... 32 Miscellaneous................................................................................. 33 Index. 34 April, 1946 Vol. X. No. 4. Industrial Hygiene Found-r, 440' Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh 13, Pennsylvv.i INDULTKIA- HYGIZNF DIGEST Literature and Neva News Items 318 Penna.. Beaming Wnr* Beat.rS trfci.^na rm Vnmtn and Minora Restrictions on the employment of women sad minors in Pennsylvania, relaxed during the war, will again become effective on June SO, according to a recent announcement by the State Industrial Board. It was pointed out by William H. Chemut, Secretary of Labor and Industry, that "to all practical intents and purposes the ear emergency is at an end". -- Pitts burgh Post-Gazette, (April 1, 1916) 319 Enforcement of Smoke Ordinances Poses New Management Ptoblaea. Wartime laxities in s&oke abatement problems will soon and, if municipal authorities are successful in gaining support for present en forcement plans and expansion of control programs which were postponed by the war. Baltimore, Cleveland, Indianapolis, Louisville and Wilmington, Del., are preparing to enforce pre-war laws os smoke regulation. Los Angeles',-Columbus and Milwaukee are considering similar legislation. Virginia, Minn., has a central steam heating system throughout, and a downtown heating plant is Duluth will probably expand into residential districts. Such systems are more common is Europe. In Cleveland, it is estimated that SO tons of filth is deposited on every square mile of the city each month, causing over 312,000,000 damage per year. (The estimate of sootfall is Pittsburgh is twice that figure.) It has been pointed out that moke control is also fuel conservation, end threatened coal shor tage may make more economical use of fuel necessary. -- Anon. Buildings and Building Management, pp. 44-46 (Feb., 1946) Editori Although not mentioned in the article, Pittsburgh has had a amske control ordinance, applying to industries, for a number of years, amd extended to domesti: consumption since just before the war. It was not enforced during the war. A large share of the credit for Pittsburgh's legislation, on which ssry of the others are based, is due to the investigations and campaigns conducted by Dr. R.3. Mailer, late Managing Director of the Foundation. St. Louis is also conspicuous among the cities in smoke regulations and their enforcement. 320 Tan Tear Index - J.1JI.&T. Plans for publishing a cumulative index for Volumes 18-27 inclusive, 19S6 to 1945, are announced by the Editors of the -Tmimai of Industrial Hvwiene and Ta*icalagv. Only a few copies will be printed in addition to orders actually in hand at the tine of going to press. Orders received industrial HtDlairt - 2 April. l?4fi before November 1, 1946 vill be priced at 615.00 leas 10%. Thia index, the announcoaent states, "means the saving of hours of tedious search and dol lars worth of valuable time". Orders should be sent to Journal of Indus ,trial Hygiene and Toxicology, Mt. Royal and Guilford Avenues, Baltimore 2 Maryland. 521 Westinghouse 1945 Annual Safety Report. On the first page of this four-page report is a chart giving the fre quency and severity rates for accidents for all the coapany's plants. A graph ahowing accident rates for successive years, 1955 to 1945, indicates generally slowly falling curves both for frequency and severity in spite of a great increase in man-hours worked froa 1938 to 1944. The 1945 record included six fatalities, 154 permanent partial disabilities, 999 temporary total disabilities, and 227,506 minor Injuries, in a total of 220 million man-hours worked. The most coonon cause of Injuries wes"handling objects", with "operating machines" second. 322 Safety end Health Several union agreements in the textile industry contain clauses stating that the employer will make "reasonable provisions" for the safety and health of the employees. Two specify that compliance with the State laws will satisfy this requirement. Another agreement merely states that the employer will comply with all existing laws and regulations. -- Monthly Labor Rev., (Mar., 1946) 323 National Fire Protection Amaocl*M The 50th Anniversary seating of the Rational Fire Protection Assoda- ticn, will be held in Boston, June S-7, 1946. In the 50 years, the organi sation has grown from a mull group meeting in e Boston office after work, to a world-wide, independent, technical and educational organisation with members in 57 countries, three sections in specialised fields, and three regular periodicals,. with, othar publications totaling 10 million copies per year. Nearly 150 technical standards have been issued. 324 Sw Treatment fay Athlete Foot. A new remedy and preventive of athlete* s foot has been announced by the Navy Department. Chief active ingredient is undecylwnlc add, a fat ty add found in sweat. Thia add, its sine salt and ordinary talc ere mixed into e dusting powder for prevention of athlete's foot mad treatment of mild cases. Undecylenic acid and sine undecylcnlc in a carbowax base, with water, propylene glycol and triethanolamine sake an ointment for more severe cases of the fungus infection of foot and groin. -- Science Service. 325 Industrial *****w Chaika. The following Industrial Safety Charts have been published recently by the Division of Labor Standards, U.S. Dept, of Labor* Series I, Wren ches; Series J,~ Arc Welding Equipment; Series K, Low Voltage Electrical Equipment; and Series L, Screw Drivers. Each aeries consists of six onepage charts showing the right end wrong way to conduct a particular opera tion, verbally and plctorially. They are for sale by Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C. at 5 cents or $5.75 per IDO. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 2a April-. 46 325a ilumlnum in tha Praventlon and Treatment af Silicosis. The Council on Industrial Health and the Council on Pharmacy and Chem istry of the American Medical Association have authorised publication of the following report on the use of aluminum in the prevention and treatment of silicosis. Since this aeons of therapy is controlled by patent and can be used only by licensees, studies will be continued by the two councils into this phase of the subject* Further reports will be issued as indi cated. Carl M. Peterson, 'A.2. Secretary, Council on Industrial Health Austin E. Smith, M.D. Secretary, Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry The dissemination of. reports on the effects of aluminum powder lr. the prevention end treatment of silicosis has aroused widespread interest and a demand for an authoritative statement regarding its value. At the present time the following statement would ssem to be warranted; it is sub ject, however, to such modification as future knowledge and experience may indicate. 1. In experimental animals the prophylactic use of alunlnum inhibits the toxic action of relatively pure ouartz. 2. In man, industrial dust exposures often involve mixtures of var ious minerals in addition to quartz and other environmental variables to which experimental animals are not subject. Therefore human silicosis usually developa more slowly and is often modified in type. Only prolonged unbiased observation, with adequate control cases, will demonstrate whether the prophylactic results obtained with animals are applicable to man. 5. Animal experiments have demonstrated that administration of high concentrations of amorphous hydrated alumina unfavorably influences resis tance to tuberculosis. While this result has not yet been reported for metallic aluminum, caution in the application of all aluminum therapy to human beings is recommended. 4. The use of aluminum might appear as an easy short-cut to health ful working conditions, thus saving large expenditures for ventilation and other control methods. Actually there is no substitute for the accepted methods of dsst control. 5. If industry indiscriminately treats all employees with aluminum duet, thsrw may be ngiemui n of tuberculosis or other pulmonary conditions. 6. The therapeutic use of aluminum in man appears to relieve symp toms la a very small number of cases in which silicosis develops rapidly. Experinee in some groups is more favorable than in others. 7. In view of these considerations it is recommended that the gen eral application of aluminum therapy in industry be delayed until ade quately and impartially controlled clinical observation demonstrates its effectiveness in preventing or alleviating silicosis in man. In the mean time, there should be no slackening in the control measures that have been found effective in reducing the incidence of duat diseases in industry. -- J.A.M.A., (Apr. 27, 1946) Industrial g-mn Plait - 2h Aaril. 1946 325b f^H iri r,n BpemgtltMtlaaal. Section 6 of Part VII of tha Workmen* a Compensation Act has been dec lared unconstitutional by our Suprane Court In the ease of Datlon Ford Motor Coapany filed April 1, 1946. This section has been in our la* since 1937 when the occupational disease anendavit was enacted. It provided for the appointment of a commission of three qualified, impartial physicians to examine an injured employee and to report whenever a dispute arose as to whether or not the employee was suffering from a particular occupational disease. This report, when signed by at least two of the members of the commission, was final and concluaive aa to the existence of the disease alleged. The practiee of the Compensation Commission haa been to refer these disputes to a medical commission at the University Hospital at Ann Arbor. The Court found fault with this procedure in that tha medical com mission was not directed to keep a record of ita findings -- it sutaitted only its conclusion to the Compensation Commission -- neither the employee or the employer was afforded an opportunity before the medical commission to explain or rebut the shoeing on which ita conclusion was based ana the findings upon which it based its conclusion were not made a pert of tha record so that it could be reviewed by the Court for the puxpose of deter mining whether or not the findings supported the conclusion. Therefore, in all pending cases and in all future cases in which a dispute is pre sented as to whether or not a claimant has a particular occupational disease such dispute will be determined by the Compensation Commission or a deputy member thereof in the same manner as other issues are deter mined, upon the basis of the testimony presented by the contestants at a bearing. -- Mich. Labor and Industry, (Apr., 1946) Tndurtrtai Hygiene Digflt ^_3 April. 134S Occupational Disease Statistics 326 Occupational Slaaase Statistics. Calif. Jan. Feb. 1946 Carbon Monoxide 15 Carbon Tetrachloride 2 Chemical Pneumonitis Conjunctivitis 205 Dermatitis 991 Heat 1 Inflaaaatory Conditions 279 Lead Absorption Lead Poisoning 5 Miscellaneous Noise 1 Pneumoconiosis (exclusive of silicosis) Pulmonary and Bronchial 20 Affections Silicosis Skin Diseases (other than dermatitis) Systemic Effects 36 Tuberculosis (due to contact) Typhus Ondulant Fever Dimer Respiratory Affections 9 Totale 1564 Conn.* far. 1 9 1 1 Ind.2 Mar. 1946 1 52 2 Mich." Ohio1 Mar. Feb. im 7 115 10 4 49 18 Tat^xa 16 2 1 205 1152 1 289 2 10 49 1 10 20 S 9 35 V? 22 4 40 22 11 11 9 12 40 27 217 1860 (1) Occupational Disease Claims filed with the Industrial Commission. Ihare ware 74,024 days lost, including eight deaths from silicosis and one death from tuberculosis due to contact. (2) Occupational Disease Cases filed with the Health Department. TiHuatrial Hvrt cne Digest - A April- 1946 327 Trends In Canmtlfln Cases. 1940-1944, Industrial Commission of Wisconsin, Stat, Release No. 3186, 12 pp. mimeographed, (Feb. 20, 1946) The compensation cases considered here are the total, including injury and occupational disease- The number of cases settled fluctuated from 22,630 in 1929 to 23,^55 in 1341, but rose steadily to 31,946 in 1944. The number of working days lost, however, was lower in 1944 then in 1329 - 2.2 mil lion against 3.4 million, and the amount of indemnity paid was only slightly higher. The iat* are classified according to occupation, industry, etc. 329 Diseases of Occupations and Other Non-Accidental Injury Casea Settled in 1344. Industrial Commission of Wisconsin, Stat. Release No. 3135. 26 pp. mimeo graphed. (Feb, 19, 1946) 4 total of 1,699 injury cases, which is S.9C of the coopsnssble injury caeea settled in 1944. were classified as diseases of occupations or other non-accidental injuries. Nine of those cases were fatal, one caused per manent total disability, and one permanent partial disability. The nine fatal eases include one of carbon aonorLde poisoning, two of bmzene poison ing, and six of silicosis, which also accounts for the case of permanent total disability. Classification by industry shows that 90% of the cases arose in manufacturing Industries, and that percentage rtiows a steady gain since 1942, when it was 65%. Dermatitis accounts for 948 esses, inflamma tion of muscles, joints, nerves, etc. 362, end plant poisoning, 102. Im pairment of vision cases total 46, eye infection 35 and eye inflammation, 32 Only seven silicosis cases were settled but they were ell fatal or totally disabling. Extensive tables classify the cases according to agency, occupation, with the days last, and indemnity paid, which last is classi fied into fee and contract basis, A very small number were on e contract basis. Another table shows the course of compensation for dermatitis over an eight-year period. In 1939, 220 cases of dermatitis were compensated at an average cost of $61 indemnity and 346 medical aid; in 1944, 948 cases averaging $63 for indemnity and $31 for medical -aid. A special table lists the undulsnt fever eases, of which there were nine in 1944 and fluctuated during the preceding years, all but one caused by handling meat. Legal Developments 329 pgraant Partial PiawbUlty; Pdar Injury- An award for 80 per cent permanmit partial disability was denied when the evidence showed that boom percentage of claimant's disability resulted from s prior injury for which claimant was awarded benefits on tbs basis of twenty per cent permanent partial disability, -- Patrv v. State ComnanmaMm q.wiiiHnnr. West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. No. 9799. February 26, 1346, (CCH) 330 Panelan and Compensation Rights: Status of Employee. The employee's application for pension benefits was properly dsnied as be mas already receiving compensation payments, end ha could not have the benefits of both statutes. -- Da Lorenzo v. Board of Conieaimers of City of Newark. New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals. No. 40, October Term, 1945. January 31, 1946. (CCH) Industrial JygiWl ClV - -___ I" Heart Attack as Cause of Death: .Cnura ;f iffilgyRftnt. When an employee died suddenly a:'ter ocu.g stricken with a severe pain in the region of the heart, it was held that the me-'u-al evidence supucrtei the contention that the strain of the worK sri the heat weri the motivating causes of death, and that the lower murt erred in its consideration of said evidence . -- fttpphill v^Irsnunu ..umoer '-a ! : .-.s-. uv.i Supreme lourt, No. 5" 521 February 11, 194.1 ' 1 `.'H * a; Accident Sbiployee' s injury was onior.o-.cir: no --.soio.-wr v.s Z'.'-.:. on. notice and was not prejudiced by failure to give written r.m -. v.* fir. causal relation was sustained Lepcjh y_ UPAaoh.^crAi- New tcr< Supreme Court., appellate Division., Third Oepervnwt Ur - isoer '?'. iZZ~.) T ? Ipnaatj.; CgnsBr; Goafluting hen claimant was strucK ir. toe hrea3t end later level:c: rar.oer, there was a difference of medical oponi-.jc as to ahethvr *hc blow roused the condition; the court upheld Che trevry of trauLatic* cancer arc affirseo tna awards -- In re Both New fora Supreme -curt. Appellate'iiv! si >-, Tbira Departments September 19 194b. ; 1C?.; 334 latiftlattan .oU^hifiriae M&g;_ Fcrc^u.y Tu.pgg^is.at^u wut* Claim ;f Appellee while employed cy the arrel'anc as a :ar>entar wns seriously injured when a large quantity <:i .h,.:via? gas escaped fron a oire His throat, bronchial tubes, and Lungs were burned wreck he icir.aled the escaped gas, after which he was given aid at a dispensary Ke did net return to work for aim weeks. Prom that time on in* appeli.ee s realm riwcreasive' y deteriorated but he continued to work *'rr sijc acr- eura at wrath time he left the employment of the appellant bems* rccr n.-ilta Six years after the accident occurred, appellee filer elan for u-.nier .vition, his contention being that he was lulled into a state .if se-.u-.t-y oe-ceuse of his continuing to work for appellant, kind treatment cy aia employer ir. giving hin lighter woTk to perform. e_.g paid his salary from the date of the injury, and the fact that wren ce ceased to work for rr.e apoei- lant be was receiving higher wages *>_*n or -sd refer* the eo-'ccent-. Because the department eupermter:jut v?.- rvit-.:sed^; .u* s.ed :re ap,`*'l*.` into a state of security did not have t.* authority vc me:e tne promise of seeing that the saipenter s : 1 *i-n was takes care of. wu.-h uniitfcorizer. action cannot be set up byway of eatoooel Igmer.t reversed and case remanded for an order to be passed ;.n ooaforti *.y with the ctiisior -- Wbwt yiwwtnla P,iln <mH P*r- :~n bary.ar.a Iwlirt cf Appeals. No. 55, October Term, 1943. Fi^ed February 6 1943 i CCH) 335 Annlicabilitw af Caeroeneetinn k~r.i Zormr- Contregted 1b ?acres af EmrlavB^p. Plaintiff contended that setruse of the employer s negligence in falling to remove quantities af spin glass dust from the vicinity of plaintiff s work, plaintiff contracts! dermatitis- Defendant s demurrer to plaintiff's complaint was basso on tr* gsvunie that tna court was without jurisdiction of the subject of tr.e action and that the facta did not constitute a cause of action As the 1943 amendments to the occupa tion?! disease -act included wit. -r. . :o turpon i_l oocupctioua. diseases, defendant asserted that regarol-oss :.p do.i. ty. plaintiff's muse fell wholly within the conpensr.*.! Ain.'.ug.-. pl.uv.iiff did not Tnrhi*^al Digest 6 jpgll. 1 <uk contribute to the production of the spun glees, it was evident thet he con tracted the akin disease on his employer's premises and within the scope of his employment. The reviewing court held, therefore, that plaintiff* s cause fell directly within the provisions of the 1943 act. The lower court1 s order overruling defendant1s demurrer was reversed. -- Sandv . Walter Butler Shjpfcundorw, Tnr. Minnesota Supreme Court. Ho. 54,126. February 1. 1946. (CCH) 336 Tuberculosis as Accidental Inlurv or Qeeuaettamel Diwe*--* Oi.eetlan of Feet for Jury. The appeal was froe a judgment upon a directed verdict in defendant* s favor. In a common law action plaintiff alleged that he eea ezpoaed to conditions which reactivated e pre-existing dormant tuberculosis. Defendant pleaded that plaintiff s cause was under the Workmen's Compensation Law and that the illness arose from an accident. The trial judge's holding thet plaintiff had suffered an accident was held to be an error. In considering the evidence opinion could be divided as to whether plaintiff' condition was brought about by accident or not. There was e question of feet to be submitted to the jury; e verdict say be directed only on a court question arising from uncontroverted facts. Judptwot was reversed. -- Dawson v. E.J. Brooks and Co. Hew Jersey Supreme Court. Ho. ID, January Term, 1946. March 4, 1946. (CCH) 337 Benzol Poisonings. Cleaning of Spray Guns; UiMt'tr of Ehnlovag. Deceased became disabled from aplastic anemia and leukemia as the re sult of banaol poisoning, an occupational disease, which he contracted shile employed by the Niagara Shipbuilding Company. In his work bs used a brush and a paint spray gun, and each Boning he cleaned the sprey guns, using a Tarnish remover. The resover contained sore thm 156 of bensol, and the cleaning was done in e badly ventilated shanty about six feet square. The evidence indicated thet the exposure to banaol occurred during the period of employment with the Hiagerm Company. Two months before hie death the employee bed worked for e second employer for e few weeks. The award for disability and death benefits made by the Industrial Board wae affirmed. -- In re Herr. Hww fork Supreme Court. Appellate Division, Third Department. March 6, 1946. (CCH) 333 Lead ffliioBlhg; Ccaflisting Midical Twitting. The employee claimed total disability as tha result of load poison ing, and the disallowance of compensation was appealed in the instant action. The medical testimony was in sharp conflict as to whothar claimant suffered from lead poisoning or nephritis. Tha laauo in tha case was purely factual, and the burden was upon claimant to show by a preponderance of the evidence that his disability was esueed by an occu pational disease. Tbs crmdibllity of the medical testimony wae for the board, and the reviewing court found no capricious disregard of compe tent evidence by the board. The court also sgrasil with the board's re fusal of a rehearing on the ground that the additional testimony would be merely cumulative. Such testimony would not be mifficimrt to reverse the board1 s findings of fact. The lower court' jud^ant in defmidant' favor was affined. ---Hoatamn v. Pennsylvania Superior Court. Noe. 92,96. Filed March 4, 1946. (CCH) Tnr.nTt.iiBl ffTrifioc Piwrt ,-JL 339 Wp-rtce and Filing Delay: Faulty Medical Diaeresis a Sufficient Good Cruse An employee has a right to rely upon the diagnosis of a reputable jr.y- sicisn end when the diagnosis is faulty, the consequent delay in giving notice of and filing claim for workmen's compensation is considered suffi ciently good cause. -- Dean v. Safety Casualty Ce. Texas Court of Civil Appeals, Second Supreme Judicial District. No. 14,723. November 9, 1345 (CCH) Book Reviews and Notices 340 Poisona - TV^-ir P-nprt.ies. Cheat cal Identification. Svmntoas. and Ener^---.TTwi>tnrtg. V.J. Brookes and U.N. Alyea. B. Van Nostrond Co., New vor>.. 209 pc. Price $3.00. (1946) This volume differs from the usual textbook on toxicology in its style and arrangement. Originally written for police, investigators, and pence officers, the material should nlso be of value to physicians, nurses, chem ists and pharmacists. It is written in simple language, ready for rapid reference, with a minimum of tachnlcal details. Tha first three chapters are general, including definitions and statistics, the fundamentals of chemistry of poisons, simple methods of ehmaical tests, and general proper ties and claasiflcation of poisons, with antidotes. A list of antidotes for a kit is suggested. In the next chapter individual poisons sre dis cussed in alphabetical order, including identification, symptoms, end treat ment for each. In the next chapter the information is repeated, concisely and in tabular form, with emergency treatment, for quick reference. Indus trial hazards are next treated, first in general tables, then in alphabeti cal order. A short chapter deals with poisonous plants and animals, end the final chapter describes special techniques, including artificial res piration, tha gaa mask, tha inbalator and shock treatment. An appendix consists of a glossary, a list of reagents and tables of measures. 341 Medicine in Tnduatrv. B.J. Stem. The Commonwealth Fund, New fork. 209 ?p. Fries $1.90. (1946) The general subjects covered are the social, economic, legal and professional setting within which Industrial medicine has progressed, end the development of the scientific knowledge which h*s enabled indus trial physicians to cope with many diseases affected by occupations. The author presents data on the rates of industrial disability and the limited extent of preventive services. Among subjects considered are recent development in health and insurance programs, the problems of the handi capped in Industry, and the relationships between the industrial physician and the general practitioner. The conclusion is that although great ad vances have been made in recent years, adequate care for the great mass of workers in the United States is still to be provided, end that indus trial medicine offers a fruitful cpproach to preventive medicine end pub lic health, one that needa to be skillfully and intensively developed. Accidents from Falls of Bnnf and Coal in Bituminous Coal Mines. Coal-Mine Accident Prevention Course, Section 2. U.S. Bureau of Mines. Miners Circu lar No. 48. 114 pp. (1945) The conclusion sayss "The prevention of accidents from falls of roof and ccal is one of the major problems in coal mining, but until such time as the reduction of these accidents is given the same intelligent thought as that si-'en to die production of coal, such accidents will not be reduced to the lowest possible rate. It has been demonstrated amply that most accidents from falls of roof and coal, as well as from all other causes, can be pre vented by a combination of proper mental attitude and application of sound preventive measures." Most of the circular is devoted to details of physi cal preventive measures, with also some attention to written records of inspection, bonuses and penalties, and enforcing regulations. A list of 41 suggested topics of class discussion should stimulate interest in the sub ject. Suraing in Coamerce and Industry. Bethel J. McGrath, for the National Or ganisation for Public Health Nursing. The Commonwealth Fund, New Tork. 356 pp. Price S3.0C. (1946) This is the moat comprehensive book published on the subject end appears to fulfill the author1s purpose as an authoritative guide to the manifold duties and responsibilities of the industrial nurse. She discusses the nur se' s place in the industrial organization, her relationships with officers and employees, the physical facilities of the nursing service, the health education and hygiene activities of the nurse, her role in occupational and r.cn-occupational illnesses and accidents, records and reports, workmen's compensation, rehabilitation, and many other difficult problems. The book is intended primarily for the industrial nurse on the job, but should also be valuable to the nurse preparing for industrial service and to the compcny executive who is interested in establishing or improving nursing service. Careers in Safety. H.J. Stack, C.C. Hawkine and W.A~- Cutter. Funk and Wagr.alla Co., New fork. 152 pp. Price 41.50. (1945) The objective of this book is to portray the types of positions open in the broad field of safety* To this end, it deals with those phases of safety which encompass the home, the factory and travel. Same considera tion is given to industrial hygiene but this presentation is both misleading and erroneous. As an exa^le, it is said that first knowledge of silicosis came from the Geuley Bridge cases. It is further stated that silicosis is a process wherein the lung is damaged by the cutting action of the sharp silica particles. The repetitive cutting and healing ia aaid to cause scar tissue and hence disability. At another point it is claimed thmt the in dustrial physician interprets data gathered by the chemist and guides the engineer in the correction of industrial health hazards. This ia an echo from years ago efai industrial hygiene was in its infancy and is hardly a proper statement of the unique combination of medicine, chemistry end en gineering which'is the basis and strength of the field today. There is an index summarizing governmental, industrial and consultant services in safety. Hvelene Digest .-_3 Mali. Methods of Tetectim and Determination 34 5 tr, Arr-.arotus far P.acli Sampling of Large Air Values far Industrie! Air Analyses. L. Silverner. and C F.. Lillians. J. Ind. Hyg. L Zzx., C^, (Jar.., 1946) An air sampling apparatus for rapid swapling of particulate natter large sir volumes is described. This device employs a lerge area filtr*-tr r. unit constructed rith analytical filter papers. A flomneter, housing or.-, centrifugal blcvcr are incorporated with the filter units into r. conpa-t portable epparatus for use in the field. Snanllng rates as high *3 63 r.ir feet per minute are obtainable with high efficiency. -- Authors sunr-'rv 346 Detecting Radleticn Hazards. Anor.. J.A.K.A., 13S. 791 (Mar. 25, 1946} A recent release from the University of Rochester reveals nan-- hereto fore unputlicized aspects of research connected with the atomic bomb. The medical aspects of the research were organised in 10 divisions. Among the most important was the development of methods to protect the employees: of the thousands employed in the plants not a single one was injured bv any of the nev and peculiar hazards of the work. Animal investigations cn the toxicology and pharmacology of uranium compounds established criterie for tolerance levels. Methods of analyzing the urine of employees were deviseo to determine the extent of exposure and be-estimate the amount of radirtlor. exposure vhich coulc be tolerated by human beings. A method of te.kir./? :or ger impressions in wax was devised and employed on the workers handling radioactive materials in atomic plants. This permitted the deterrir.ati of when, if at all, employees began to shew changes in the skin as r. rer.;*. of contact with the materials handled. One division studied the blood large groups of animals, completing over IOC,COO analyses. Geneticists studied the effects produced on the offspring of mice and fruit flies wh.oi. had teen exposed to radiation. Some 277,C00 mice and SO million fruit fliscwera bred and observed The application of the vast amount cf data gp.tr.eriby the University of Rochester group, of which that cited is only an example, can hardly be predicted, tut the results will eertainlv be signifi'-or.t ir the fields of metabolism, cancer, hematology and physical medicine. 3IT Benzene Poisoning. Preventive Measures and Relation between Ataoscheric Pollution and Frwmiencv and Grnrri tv nf Trtoxicatlcn. Avy, Vallaud and F-V. Area. Mai ad. Profeseiocnellea, j|, i-*9-:412 (1944-1945) (French) A study was made of atmospheric benzene concentrations end of bleoo findings in ssveral industries, with an attempt to correlate them. Ir. estimating the extent of blood damage, a coefficient was estivated rer each worker: "0" for "dangerous" conditions, RBC under 5.5 million, W8C ^ under 4,000 and polymorphs, 90$; "2" for "normal" conditions, RBC under 4 millions, W3C over S,C00 and polymorphs, 60$; and "1", "to be watched", with values intermediate between the above. The average for workroom was calculated by dividing the sum by the number of workers and multiplying by 100. Thus a perfect score, or ail normal blood, would be 200, and entirely dangerous conditions 0.. Benzene concentrations were determined by the formalin sulfuric acid method. Summarized reports on the industries or* as follows: (1) Waterproof industry. Large and airy rooms, but little special ventilation. Benzene 0.1-1.1 g. per cu. m. Workroom coefficient n-uatrial Dtgt - lf> April. 15AS 50-71. (2) Rubber Industry. Concentrstions 0.1 to 4.0 g. per cu. n. Work room coeffieimt 7-120. (3) Dyeing end eleening. In the "two chase" process concentrations ran 0.7 to 6.4 g. per cu. m.) In the "single phase" process, carrying out cleaning and drying as one closed operation, 0.1 g. per cu. a.; workroom coefficient, 28-80. (4) Flower and feather industry. Concentration . ,0.1 to 0.3, workroom coefficient 84-113. (5) Printing, concentration 0.1 to 6 0 workroom coefficient 51-162. (6) Miscellaneous (cowering metallic tubes tr.d spreading fabric) 0.1 to 4.7, workroom coefficient 108-161. Preventive measures were recommended in all cases, including suitable ventilation, sub stitution by another solvent when possible, and the uae of closed systems. The authors conclude as follows: "Precise relationship between benzene con centrations in atmosphere and risk of intoxication is made difficult by fac tors such as nature of contact, period of exposure, and individual predispo sition. Atmospheric estimations are not sufficient to evaluate risk, as seen especially in the flonec-and feather industry, where concentrations are low, but blood results give evidence of a far from negligible hasard. On the other hand, blood exmainations merely give indication of the present state of health, not of eventual risk of intoxication. However, atmospheric estimations are necessary to determine efficacy of ventilation and recovery. In vie* of the known toxicity of bensene and the impossibility of estimating it in exact figures, adequate ventilation should be installed in all work rooms where boazene has been demonstrated, even in low concentrations. -- From Bull. Hyg. Control Methods 349 Wood and Booth T*p.a to Solve Typical Ventilation ProbLaae. A.C. Stern. Monthly Rev., Div. of Ind. Hyg. and Safety Stands, (N.T.) 25, 1-4 (Jeau, 1946) *. -The three general types ef enhaust hoods are discussed.- The canopy hood is ussd where the normal air flow is upward. It may be fixed and high, but rat then be larger than the tank or pot. If it lo low enough to give 'good ventilation and remain the aise of the tank, it must be mov able, either vertically by a telescopic Joint or laterally by a swivel joint. Movable hoods must be kept in good order and easy to move, other wise they will not be mewed into position whi they ere needed. The use of lateral hoods avoids that difficulty. In the laterally exhausted booth, the two significant criteria are the velocity at the face of the booth and the maintenance of that velocity across the crosssectional area at the plane of dust or gas -dissemination within the booth. Baffles are useful when the booth'is large, to distritate the air evenly over the booth cross- section. Methods of getting into end out of the booth are described. The third type is the downdraft hood, usually with e grille in the floor or table surface. The effects of convection currents and cross-drafts may be avoided by the use of enclosing walls end top. In sandblast booths, even the front is enclosed and air enters through the roof. Combination down draft-lateral booths are sometimes used in sandblasting operations, with the air entering from above and exhausted through lateral slots near the floor line. The seme provisions are alloyed for moving material in and out, except that under some conditions the booth may be open at the top nnd the work may be lifted in by a crane. n Hi Hygiene Digest - II April, 19 ah *49 wif shift Mine Ventilation. E. Smith. Safety Eng., .21, 55-54 (Mar., 1546) Ventilation of idle mines is rarely giver, any attention, and such mines, if air passages are at all blocked, must be ventilated before they can be worked safely. Air from a compressor is satisfactory if uncontamir.?ted but sometimes the engine stench is evident in a noticeable degree. A fan may cause recirculation of the mine air if too near the entrance. In one rase the recirculation of blackdanp was sufficient to stop the engine. A gasoline engine may constitute a fire hazard. Several cases of makeshift ventilation, none of them successful, are reported. For instance in one case tin paddles were attached to a wheel of a bicycle to convert it into e far.: As an air moved it proved to be still a pretty good bicycle. Other improvised blov.-ers proved to be dangerous. Stove ventilation has beer, used in me 11 mines, using the draft of a stove at the surface to cause * slight circulation in the mine. It is only effective aa long a he fire burns, and f*>tplities have resulted from such an arrangement rhe. the fire went out. Puzzling appearance end disappearance of blackdarap from certain parta of a mine is caused by changes in barometric pressure. The gas expends out of unused parts of the mine under reduced pressure and contracts beck into those parts under increased pressure. A Mine Safety Order does not permit mer. to work when the oxygen content of the air is under 19.Si by volume (dry basis), but a deficiency ie difficult to determine, ns safety lamps still bum brightly at that percentage. 2SC Arestrong Cork Tnkee Duet for a P.lda. Occ. Hazards, pp. 18-20 , 90-31 (Mar., 1946) The Armstrong Cork Company describes the precautions taken against fire hazards from dust. These include an airtight dust collector system which keeps dust under control at all stages from cutting to final grind ing, with frequent insertions of screw conveyors which act ae baffles to stop any fire; rigid fire precautions with automatic sprinklers, portable fire extinguishers and fire doors; exhaust ventilation with explosion type emergency vents; and workers constantly on the alert to clean up at once any escaped dust. Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects nlliCQfiiai__ rH"^1 SanHv- H. Dayman. Am. F.ev. Tuberc., 52, 44S-462 (Dee., 1945) Dayman reports observations on 116 patients with silicosis, 33 of whom came to necropsy. Thirty of the 115 patients who did not present evidence of clinical tuberculosis are divided into two groupa; tfaoae with simple nodular silicosis (15 cases) and thoae with simple conglom erate silicosis (15 cases). The majority of the 15 patients with simple nodular silicosis were free of symptoms. A few noted alight dyspnea on exercise. The diagnosis was established eolely on s history of prolonged exposure to silica dust and the minute, widely distributed ahadoes in the roentgenogram. The patients with simple conglomerate silicosis exhibited symptoms end signs of pulmonary emphysema. Dyspnea was often the sole outstanding complaint. In seven of the 15 cases massive shadows were situated symmetrically ir. either lung fiel'i at the hilar level, while in Tndustrial HtUmi Diat - 12 April. IQfr S cams tha principal shadows ware sooswhat aaller, aorw nunerous and irre gularly distributed. In 12 thsre ware additional ainuta diaanlnated shad ows compatible with silicotic nodulation. In 77 of the 115 patients with silicosis, coaplieating tuberculosis existed. The symptoms were predomin antly those of the tuberculous disease. The constitutional reaction is not so pronounced when tuberculosis complicates silicosis as whan tuberculosis alone is present. The chest roentgenogram presented widespread minute shadows similar to those observed is simple nodular silicosis together with larger mottled shadows, the latter usually being due to the intimately com bined lesions of silicosis and tuberculosis. The presence of silicosis evi dently predisposes the patient to progressive tuberculosis. Sixty-six of 77 died. -- J.A.M.A. 3S2 A Mote an the Qecurrwnew af Stllrawis in Bitnninauw Cowl Mlnarw. M.J. Snail. T. 7a. Had. J., J2, 6 (Jan., 1946) Tan cases of silicosis have occurred in the past four years in the author's private practice in an.area of smell bituminous coal mines, con trary to genaral sxperiaacs. Investigation of tha cases showed that all the patients worked on the motor", that is, they operated the care that hauled the coal from the pit to the surface. The grade being quite steep, sand is sprinkled on the wheels to increase traction, and is ground to e heavy cloud of dust of sufficiently small sise to causa silicosis. This hazard has bean recoil sad by the coal companies end in recent years masks hava bean iasuad to tha miners thus exposed. However, new cases continue to appear, perhaps to some extent because the miners ere delinquent in wearing their masks constantly. The author believes that eany more such cases will be found on careful examination, and questions whether one case mentioned by Eandargrass ln e recent paper (our Abst. 96^ 'July, 1945) aay not have the sane cause. 355 A Health anyvew af Pine Cawing nnarwtiana 1b CanmtiuctAnw Maval Vaaaala. l.E. Fleischer, F.J. Tiles, Jr. R.L. Gede end Philip Drinker. J. Ind. Hyg. and Tex., 26, 9-lff (Jan., 1946) (1) The character of asbestos nips covering industry on board naval vessels is such that ecnelumlans drawn from other asbestos industries such as textiles, cannot be applied. (2) The operations of bend sew cutting, grinding, cant mixing, and installation on board tfiip should be equipped with exhaust ventilation to keep the total duet concentration low. (S) The incidence of asbestosie among pipe eoverers in the shipyards studied was low, 0.29 per cent or three capes out of 1074. In view of the nature of shipyard pipe covering soxk, this low Incidence is not surprising. (4) Since each of the three eases of esbestoais had worked at aabeetoa pipe covering in Alpyerda for sore than 20 years, it nay be concluded that each pipe covering iw not e dangerous occupation -- Authors* conclusions. 554 Chronic Mewwiw*Queries snd Minor Motes,. . J.A.M.A., lg, 981 (Apr. 6, 1946) A patient wee exposed to nercury fumes four years ago, and har phy sician questioned whether e slightly enlarged spleen snd aching in tha left qPP*r quadrant night be due to mercurial poisoning. A study of 102 eases of chronic eercurielism gives no instance of enlargement of the spleen. The syndrome of chronic eercurialia includes central nervous sywta disturbances and othar symptoms which are easily recognised. Therefore, this case ia probably not chronic mercurial!a. Tnd.iatH.al Hygiene digest. - 11 355 Casualties Following Exposure. to Zinc Chloride Smoka. E.H. Evans. Lancet, 249. 363-570 (1945) Ten deaths and 25 instances of non-fatal injury occurred among 70 par sons exposed in a tunnel to sine chloride fanes resulting from the burning of a smoke generator 39 yards from the entrance. The generator contained hexschloroethane and zinc oxide, with snail quantities of calcium sillciie and an igniter composition; the smoke consisted mainly of finely particu late zian.cnloride together with carbon and carbon dioxide. Near the gen erators, the zinc chloride smoke concentration was estimated at 9.5 lb. per cu yard. The main effects were damage to the mucous membrane of the r.-.sopharynx and respiratory tract, and a pale gray cyanosis that did not res pond to venesection nor readily to oxygen. Morphine was useful in aliavir.g restlessness and anxiety. -- C.A. 356 Poisoning from an Incaustic Containing Lead Tetraethyl. Senlmlo-o Datorainrtioc. of Lead Tetraethyl in Gnsalina. G. Schuster. Ann. chim. anal., 25, 55-56 (1945) (French) The term encaustic signifies a vehicle for painting in which wax is the Chief ingredient. A case is described here of poisoning of a French artisan eho handled a product containing lead tetraethyl. His symptoms are described and the quantities of lead found in the urine at different times are given. These analyses were made by determinations with hydrogen sulfide or with dithizone.' For the rapid determination of lead in gaso line the following procedure is recommended: Take 20 ml. of sample, add 2 ml. of concentrated citric acid end heat a few minutes. Pour off the acid and treat the gasoline three times more with 1-ml. portions of con centrated nitric acid. To the entire acid solution, add cautiously 2 ml. of concentrated sulphuric acid and boil gently for a few minutes. Cool, add 5 ml. of a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium tartrate, 1 ml. of 10? ammonium acetate solution*, .and 15 ml. of water. Saturate the solu tion 'ith hydrogen sulfide or add some sodium bisulfide solution. Compare the brown color produced by the lead sulfide with that obtained with the known quantities of lead. -- C.A. 357 Detection of Porphyrinuria In Land PolmiHiw. Schein. Arbeitsschutz, pp. 336-339 (1943) (German) The normal person eliminates in the urine up to 6 gamma % porphyrin. In lead workers values up to 15 gamma % are still normal, higher figures up to 50 gamma are significant for lead damage. -- C.A. 553 Memorandum on Weldlny Processes and Their Haearda. Leeds Joint Council on Industrial Medicine. (1945) This Memorandum describes the various welding processes and their hazards, including shock, explosion, radiation effects, burns, eye injuries, the various metal fumes, heat effects end anoxemia. Precautions recom mended include use of direct current under 60 volts, general and localized exhaust ventilation, and protective clothing, especially leather gloves. Regarding gloves, "a better material than leather is required but has not yet been discovered." 359 Formaldehyde. Controlling Chan-leal Hosarda. Series 3. U.S. Dept. Labor, Div. of Labor Standards. 12 pp. (1945) For sale by Supt. of Documents, Washington 25, D.C. Price 5 cents. This pamphlet, is one of a series on common chemical hazards, and con tains basic infonation on uses, properties and hazards. Figures on phy siological response, tabulated from several sources, include: permissible adustriai 1'^.g.^ - 14 April. I94fi eighwiour working exposure for huaan beings, xJ.p ppm; least detectable odor, C.S pro; leant amount causing throat irritation, 5.0; coughing, 15.G; and irritations of the mucous membrane; of the respiratory trect, 90.0 ppm. Its action is irritating and temper*--, end fntai poisoning hes developed only from ingestion of the solution and from massive exposure to the gas (above 500 ppn). Dermatitis often results from exposure to the dust. Pro tective equipment includes goggles \mere dust or splashing may occur), respirators, oxygen or supplied =<: r line nasKS, gloves, sleeves, aprons and underclothing, according to the con iti or,3 32 exposure. General sanitary facilities and ventilating eauipaen* are discussed briefly. First aid treatment for miner and serious exposures to vapors, dust and splashing is described briefly. In serious exposure the most urgent need is to call a physician Workers exposed to forme.'de.-.yde should be examined monthly. A bibliography is included. 760 Anoxia Resulting from Uethar.e. , R -. Fuller, and W.A, Sodeman. New Orleans Med. end Surg. J , 22' 13o~137 tMcv., 1945) Pullen and Sodeman present this paper for the particular interest of those residing in areas that use natural gas with high methane content and no carbon monoxide. Danger arises from faulty apparatus or faulty use of such apparatus for burning the gss, sc that effects are produced from methane alone or from methane end career. monoxide, or carbon monoxide alone. Methane acts as an anesthetic agent at c concentration of 87$ and as an asphyxiant et 90$ concentration This narrow safety range added to the explosive character of the gas, merk its lethal eetien. Physiologically methane exerts its action by reducing the partial pressure of oxygen by simple replacement. Prolonged subleth&l asphyxia apparently produces central nervous system degeneration Therapy consists of removing the patient from the methane atmosphere end supplying oxygen therapy. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive, or as indicated by any complica tions. A case report illustrating t-nese price: las is included in the paper. -- J.I.2 AT "^1 Chronic Chlorine Poisoning and Tuberculosis F Arloing, E. Berthet nd J. Viallier. Presse mad., no. 32/54, p. 253 (Apr., 1940) (French) Groups of guinea pigs were exposed to prolonged Inhalations of light concentrations of chlorine before and after infection with tuberculosis. It appears from the results obtained that chronic chlorine poisoning favors the evolution of experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs. Indi viduals employed in industries where they may be exposed to chlorine fuses should be screened for any evidence of tuberculosis and should be followed clinically and radiologically during the period of employment. -- Am. Rev. Tuberc. 562 Exposures to Oxides of Hltrogen Accompany-'''* Sh^nlrin* Operation*. F.E. Adley. J.'Ind. Hyg. and Tox., 29, 17-20 (Jan., 1946) The use of large oxyaeetylane shrinking torches, particularly in small, unventilatad compartments car. produce dangerous concentrations oxides of nitrogen. Under ihe conditions encountered it was foxnd that excessive exposures can accumulate within a period of a few minutes. Contact of the flame eith cold water or cool metal was found to have no noticeable bearing on the production of oxides of nitrogen. A dose correlation was found to exist, however, between the production of this gas and the rate of consumption of acetylene gas by the torches. Ex cessive concentrations ware present in the breathing zone of the opera tors working in confined spaces with all sizes of torch tips investigated; Industrial Hygiene Digest =_1& Agci-a . those of large capacity producing the highest concentrations. Contrasting tests obtained at shrinking operations in large, ventilated spaces showed that the resulting concentrations of oxides of nitrogen were noticeably less, although in some instances still excessive. Several tests for cnrb.r. mcncxiie failed to indicate the presence of any health hazard iron this gos ever, in confined, unventilated spaces. ~ Author's conclusions. 7C" Trr.s: .:r: Ar.g-._c in Benzene Workers. D. Picard, J. Eourrst end \!lie. V. PcillTri. Arch. Malad. Profesionneiles, .6, 137-142 (1344-1945) (French; The authors insist that the present hematological criteria of earlv benzene poisoning must be adapted to a new and lower level, influenced by present conditions of diet and mode of living. They have observed, during a repeated exsnination of series of workers exposed to benzene, the fair.; fre'-uont occurrence of anemia, which is transitory, easily curable ever, without cessation of exposure, and which differs from true ben-me anemic chiefly in the absence of leucopenie or even anv considerable nau*roon: This transitory anemia is characterized by a low red cell count with a fairly high hemoglobin value so that the color index is usually above 1. The authors believe that it is not a manifestation of a specific benzene effect, hit of an instability of the hemopoietic system, due possibly to the interaction of the two factors, benzene exposure and alimentary inade quacy. They agreed that systematic blood examinations of benzene workera are valuable in revealing latent blood disturbance, and are more than ever necessary in order to discriminate between workers who must be re moved from exposure and those whose transitory anemia makes this unneces sary, but state that they cannot be used to distinguish susceptible indi viduals and tnat they may give rise to a false sense of security. -- Bull. Hyg, ?S'! varton Tgtrachiaddtu__ A Report on l*a Use ir. Broaching Onernti ins. R.H. Avery and L. Davis. Nat. Safety News, jiS, 99, 138-140 (Oct., 1945) Broaching is a method commonly used in machine shops for the fin ishing of square, rectangular or irregular 3haped holes. It requires the generous use of cutting oils. In the luthors' paper, air samples were taken when the cutting oil was diluted with 13$ carbon tetrachlor ide r.nd again with 15$. In the former cese, air sanples showed a maxi mum concentration of 44 ppm and an average of 22. With the use of 15$ carbon tetrachloride, air concentrations rose to 71 ppm. with a peak value of 104. The 15$ material also resulted in complaints by the workers. The authors recommended the use of the 10$ mixture, but if higher concentrations are found necessary, special ventilation should be installed. -- J.I.H.&T. ?G5 Toxic lmblrooia After Inhalation of Methyl Acetate. A. Lund. Ugeskrift. Laeger, 106. 308-311 (1344) (Scandinavian) An old man who was exposed to methyl acetate vapors developed general depression, headaches, end dizziness followed by blindness of both eyes caused by atrophy of the optic nerve. Possibly either meth anol or formaldehyde is forsed from methyl acetate in the organism. -- C.A. ^ Pathology of Methyl Bromide Poisoning- 11. Duvoir end L. Derobert. Arch. Malad. Professionneiles, 3,, 143-154 (1944-1345) (French) A description is given of the post-mortem findings in the two fatal cases of methyl bromide poisoning described by Nicbaux and steers. Compared to e case recorded by the authors in 1937 tne two present cases showed less marked and less generalised hemorrhage and more intense leucocytic infiltration, amounting in the second ease to an actual alveolitis. The kidneys, as in the 1337 case, showed lesions of the tubules only, the glomeruli being unaffected: The brain was congested, but only the :er''.elluji was examined microscopically; this showed intense pericellular edema, with no nerve-cell lesions The liver showed little alteration bevond some dilatation of the biliary sinuses. -- Sail. Hyg, Methvl Bromide Poison-: np J Michaux, A. Clercy and G. Lechevallier. Arch. Yelad Professicnnelies, 6, 143-148 (1944-1945) (French) At a factory where ampoules were filled with methyl bromide, 13 women were affected, seven cases occurring on the same day, two of them fatal. An important step in the process was the storage of the sealed ampoules ir. the open air lor 24 hours so that, the faulty ones could be detected by self emptying. Under pressure of work this step was omitted and on the day fol lowing the mass intoxication, 30 empty ampoules were found, representing d4G gm. of escaped methyl bromide. The two fatal eases ended in coma, pre ceded by violent convulaions The remainder showed symptoms similar to those recorded by other investigators Preventive measures include adecuste ventilation by' windows and f*rs; care in the distribution of methyl bromide only to persons experienced in handling it; and, in view of a re cent series of severe cases of poisoning during disinfection of premises, special attention to the carrying out of this process by experts only. -- Bull Hyg. Traumatic Calci..cations^ A Pracinitt.-> ng Factor la "Benda* Pain. J.K Allan. J. Aviation Med., 6, ?35-24i (Aug., 1945) Five coses of calcification susceptible to bends, ana presented. HeXcificrtior. is favored by impaired blood supply "Bends" tends to occur ir. areas of poor blood supply, high fat content, injury, and crystal for-.tior. _ In one ease where blood supply was great enough to permit ossifi- :ior.; the pair, was so greater than in a fibroaitis in the same subject. - J.I:H>T: Protection in P^er.tgenoaccnv. J ? Bacon end E.T. Leddy. Mei. Clin. N- A., pp. 1036-1041 (July, 1945) Protection in roentgenoscopy (fluoroscopy) depends on the use of shielding end distance in keeping the X-ray worker's exposure below the -'fe meximum. The effects of overdosage include changes in hair and nails, keratosis, ulceration and malignant degeneration of the skin, and, perhAps, sterility, anemia, and leukemia. About 0.03 per cent of the s/.in erythema dose has been suggested bv others as the maximum safe daily lose, but tile euthors found that tr- to four times this exposure produced r.c ill effect in 25 years experience at tne Mayo Clinic. Careless roent genoscopy by general practitioners end others who do X-ray work only occacicr.ally is considered the chief source of X-ray injury to the X-ray op erator rreH.cnt mistakes of inexperienced operators are discussed. -- J T F iff The Plumbing and Heating Industries Bureau advises that radiators which are protected with a son-metallic paint emit more heat: The top coat should always be r.on-metallic but undercoats say be either Hygiene Digest - 17. Ar7i: on Benda. H.L. Motley, H.I. Chins and F.A. Odell. J. Aviation Med., 16,, 210-234 (Aug., 1345) A detailed statistical study si sore than 9,53C coses of bends. S_rc-rtibility to bends increases with *>ge, tody might, rcigr.t, obesity '-eight divided by height). Ber.ds occurred in Negroes ies: ttn in Amor.', ---.lirs, or.-, ir. the French less than ir. Negroes. Flit*' per cent of cose: /."_-r= relieved 'ry an increase in pressure of ICO nr., of mercury; 30 per .* by or. increase of ISC nn. of mercury. At higher altitudes, greeter ir.rrc: '.r. pressure were necessary to relieve symptoms. Pair. was most :'re-;:.er* 1 the shoulders, least ir. the fingers mb feet. Recurrence of ber.bs in t : ti.-uiir part of the body was more frequent than could be expected or. oasis of rradorn chance. Significance of the dote is discussed. -- J.I.!'. . ZyneH-er-tal Investigation of the affect of Change In Atmospheric Co- ' ti-inn and Noise Doer Performance. M.S. Viteles and K.P.. Smith. Heat., ? ing ar.c Air Cond., 19, 107-11? (Mar., 1546) The following tentative conclusions may be drown from a consi;erat..; of the results: (1) The findings suggest that there is no need to pro ecuirmer.t for the reduction of effective temperntures below the 30 deg level where tasks of the type included in this investigation are to be per formed. "These tasks ere roughtiy analogous to operations carried or. by personnel ir. the plotting and charting rooms of Navel vessels." There is some evidence that it may be undesirable to do this type of work at effec tive temperatures as high as 57 deg but further investigation, within this range of approximately 37 deg to S4 deg is rec.uired to determine more exactly the critical level of temperature. (?) The evidence suggests th it is unnecessary to undertake considerable expenditure of funds to red. " the noise involved in the cooling and circulation of air, at least if cur noise does not rise above the 30 decibel level. In general it would ay that the effect of high temperature on performance is much more adverse tr.m that of high level of noises of the type reproduced in this export" -- From Authors' summery and conclusions. Toxic Effects of 2.? his (o-Chlnwnhenvl) 1.1,.1-Trichlcrcthane (OCT) * - V P.A.t:. Case. Brit. Med. J., 2, 942-344 (Dec. 15, 121S) The only case of hamen intovirrtlcn bv DDT previously reported --s Ti--.^_csworth (Abst. 1243, Deo., 1345). An ir.vestigction wss made or. two air. to determine the possible toxic effect of the use of a distemper cot:tairing 2? by weight of the '.rv file of DDT in circumstances where the paint mould be covered with a thir. film of oil. Thr ambient temperature would b* such that personnel at risk would be largely unclothed, their c-kir. would be oily and sweat}', because of cramped accommodations. Large areas of oily skin would come in contact with the oair.t and efficient ashing of the body could take piece only at relatively infrequent inter vals. After exposure the symptoms included changes in reflexes and ir. auuitery acuity, petchy peripheral anesthesia, tremor, fall in systolic pressure, end hematologic changes. It is emphasized that DDT mov be a fcosard to human beings but not in the amounts comr.only used. -- J.A.M.A. ictsl Case -Of DPT-Ralsonlng ir. Child, with Areaunt of Two Accidental Dcr.chs in Dags. K.R. Hill and G. Robinson. Brit. J. Med., 2, 945-5,:S (Dec. 15, 134=) A case is reported in which e chil-', nged one year end seven nontis rrn'r ebout one ounce of Si DDj` in kerosene. Ir. ID minutes he began to cough end vomit, then became comatose and had convulsions. Death was '-t- direst - 19 April. 'adg to pulmonary edema, probably from paralysis of respiratory center- The lethal dose was approximately 130 mg, per kilogram of body weight - an amount somewhat less than that found for experimental animals. Two fatal c--ses of chronic SET poisoning are described. -- J.A.MA. The Health of Workers. A Study of Health Hazards in the Industries of .uebe; ? J Toursngeuu. Car.. Med, Assoc. J.,J4, 352-358 (Apr-, 1946) '"rczc.-, nth I:.;!:!, summery) The caper summarizes an investigation of health hazards in the indus tries of Quebec, including 3.384 industrial establishments with 146,469 wor kers Over 22,CCS were exposed to excessive noise and 3,000 to excessive .cere lust is one of the most common hazards, especially silica and asbes tos Over 5,000 were found exposed to dust. About 7S% of claims on the Wor-caer. s Compensation 'esraissicn of Quebec are besed on Industrie! derma titis, and over 15.COG were found exposed to irritants. Among the poisonous substances encountered, lead, benzene end mercury were most important. It is felt that the amount of illness due to occupation is greater than gener ally supposed, especially if the conditions bringing about ill health grad ually are considered. The paper decIs with a varied list -of occupational hazards, in.Idling son* of munition plants It concludes with an appeal for cooperation between the doctor m the plnt, the family physician and management -- Frcm Author s summary Control of Occupational Tuaerrulasts lr Enanitala L. Brahdy. J Ir.d Hyg. and Tox , 27. 234-237 (Oct , 1945) _ Tubercuicc . may be considered an cccupetional disease for physicians, nurses, orderlies, clerks, technicians and all others who have contact with patients, Tuoerculosis cese finding within hospitals varies from non-existor.t tc complete, intensive programs. Student nurses are at the age when tuberculosis is most common, and although a high percentage of nurses have -re-employment chest X-reys, many nurses are assigned to care for the sick theut determining if they themselves have communicable tuberculosis, -.-.erg :ther hecrital employees there is a surprisingly great lack of pre-cclcy-ier.t X-ray examinations, wfclcn should be made on all staff members, ru.ents, cocks, porters and on =11 personnel employed by the hospital. there should be periodic X-ray check-ups Also, all hospitals = uv/c chest X-rays on all st?.j ssi -ns iue to laid Jt 1 Pari. New Te'-.l ind !led. J., 44, 159-154 ..-vug . -345) Tze abnormal physiology and trentroent of vascular disorders resulting from exposure to cold are described _r. cut-ine form. Tissues affected by :ji. are considered to pass through four stages', vasoconstriction, triple c-?j. .rose, inflammation and necrosis, Necrosis, however, due to actual :re->c;nj of tissues, is ou-h rarer then supposed In such conditions as oh.'.' '-ittr.s, ^trench foof or "immersion fact", inflammation rather than true frostbite is the important lesion Hence treatment of these condi tions should oin tit the reduction of hyperemia, and warmth should not be ocp-iod In P.eynzuu s disease, on the ether hand, vasoconstriction is the principal -hinge, ar.d the appl; :nt: m of heat is advisable -- J I.H iT Tn*iistrial Hwlene Digest - 19 Asril. 1345 Slcin Diseases and Bums 377 Rubber Products as Widespread Cn. of ?ran.---Report of 9Q Cases, P, Bonnevlc and P.V. Mareusen. Acta-Deraato-Venereologica, 5, 153 (Sept., 1344) "(Swedish) A systematic investigation at the department of dermatology of tne Flnsen Institute, Copenhagen, showed that eczema caused by rubber is c: rather widespread occurrence and not confined to certain occupations r.s previously supposed. Of the 80 reported cases, representing about 2 per cent of the cases of hypersensitivity eczema, only 25 were occupational. Rubber footwear and articles of clothing were the dominating causes of the eczema (about 74 per cent). Eruptions on the feet caused by rubber were in most cases difficult to differentiate from mycotic eczema. Etiologically the rubber itself was subordinate in relation to the accelerator agents used in manufacture. Of these mercaptobensothiazole was the sost frequent cause of sensitization. The prophylaxis of rubber eczema is sometimes difficult on account of the widespread use of rubber, its indispenswbility In certain garments and the penetration of the accelerator agents. Cold-vulcanized rubber can often be tolerated in cases in which there is only accelerator hypersorsitivity. -- J.A.M.A. 378 A Skin Eruption Due to Mite-Infaated Tobacco. I. Rokstad. Norilsk Med., 27. 154&-1548 (1945) (Norwegian) Twelve women working in a Norwegian tobacco factory developed an itching red papular eruption; in one case it covered face, neck, thorax and flexor aspect of arms, while in the remaining cases it was limited to the face and neck or between the fingers. The work, which was very dust--, consisted of emptying eases of tobacco ^oilt during storage. The erup tion appeared on the first day of exposure to the dust, and passed off from two to seven days after the work was discontinued. The general clini cal picture resembled a previous outbreak which had been traced to figs infested with mites, and examination of samples of the spoilt tobacco showed that it contained mites in large numbers. When mites were rubbed into the skin of 22 subjects (eight cases of eruption and 14 normal per sons) a red papular eruption appeared after 48 to 72 hours in seven of thmn (three eruption eases and four normal subjects). The author was able to show that the eruption was not due to sensitivity to tobacco, but was probably due to some unknown toxic substance in the mites. It was not possible to identify the mites; two kinds were present in the tobacco, -- Bull. Hyg. 373 Daraatlti'a Among Workers Employed la the Citrus Bv-Product Industry. M. Seidmann. Harafuah (Jerusalem), 125-128 (Sept. IS, 1345) (Hebrew) "Dermatitis among workers employed in the citrus by-product industry is studied. Factories and groves were visited. Patch tests were performed and 40 cr.ses were under clinical observation for about tmo years. The fol lowing observations were madei [Crude citrus oil is a primary irritant. Diluted solutions, as used in lnSustrial manipulations, cause dermatitis among sensitive persons. The clinical picture is of a recurrent cermctiti: on the hands and eras with acute, subacute, and eczematous symptoms. De vices were proposed to protect workers."' -- Bull. Hyg. Hwime Digat - 2Q inril- 590 Dermatitis Fran Wear*TM Arnw Spectacles. I.G.G. Taylor, A.G. Fergusson and W.R.G. Atkins. Brit. Med. J., 2, 40-12 (July 1, 1945) Six cases of dermatitis related to the contact area of nickel silver spectacle frames were observed during a three-month period and presented in this paper. History of onset of the skin lesion, prompt recovery -hen glas ses were not worn, and skin test response to the frames and similar alloys indicate that the condition represents a sensitivity reaction. Nickel sil ver contains copper, sine and nickel. Skin tests indicate that nickel is the offending substance. References to other cases of nickel sensitivity are quoted. The mechanism of development apparently involves the production of an electrolytic action between the alloyed metals with subsequent nickel salt formation whenever perspiration supplies the necessary electrolytic, conductive solution. "Silent sensitization" does not appear necessary to explain the development of the sensitivity. -- J.I.H.&T. 331 Percutaneous Photoaenaitizatian Due to Handling of Paranjas. Vera Starck. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 2S, 179 (Sept., 1944) (Swedish) Thirteen persons working in a factory which produced dried vegetables complained of an unusual looking skin change on the hands. Investigations revealed that the dermatitis was due to sensitization to light caused by work with parsnips. The author demonstrated in experiments that the parsiip root contains some substance liable to render the skin sensitive to a cer tain kind of radiation, which will remain for some time after the exposure. The effect is not due to the parsnip Juice alone. -- J.A.M.A. 582 Contact Dermatitis Du. tn Pontwea^with Chwa 17 Per Cent Steel IdentlfMca- tion Tags of the IKS. New. M.C. Harris. J. Allergy, JS, 299-301 (Nov., 1945) Coleman reports one case of contact dermatitis caused by contact with chrome 17 per cent steel identification tag used by the navy. No general ized symptoms of chrome poisoning were noted. The cutaneous lesion was preventable only by use of a leather pouch impermeable to sweat. -- J.I.H.4T. 583 Benzidine Cauaa of Qempetj nnal Dewatlfcia in a Physician. R.L. Baer. J.A.M.A., 129. 442-445 (Oct. 6, 1945) A physician suffered from a severe recurrent eczematous dermatitis of the hands and a milder dermatitis on the face. Patch tests with a series of materiale to which he had been exposed in the course of his work shooed that he was strongly hypersensitive to benzidine powder. A recheck of the dates of the various attacks of dermatitis revealed that each attack had started on. a day when the patient had performed a benzidine test for blood in a stool apedan. -- Author1 s summary. 384 Chlnmnh-rll id Adrenal Cortical Extract In the Loral Treatment nt Bum*. G.H. Collings, Jr. Am. J. Burg., 70 , 58-4>3 (Oct., 1945) A new material is proposed for local bum therapy. It is composed of desoxycorticosterone and chlorophyll in a base of bismuth ointment. The bismuth ointment is suggested to relieve pain, give comfortable dressings, and give ease in application and-removal of dreaaings. Tha desoxycorticostarone is auggested to reduce or prevent increased fluid passage from capillaries. Tbs chlorophyll is suggested to stimulate tissue repair and to prevent Infection. This combination is reported to be compatible and fairly stable. Whan used in a small series (91 cases) of industrial Industrial HygldOfi ElgMt.rn.Sl lprir. 19jp, bums, the results from this materiel i- the third degree and "second degree spot" burno indicate a soothing effect of sn ointment, reduced infection, decreased fluid loss, ana accelerated repair. Wider trial is desired for this material. -- J.I,H,&T. 33? The Treatment of Zvw Bums wa-th^AraiC--d A.Z. Golden berg, Viestnik 2ft., 21> 42 (134.;) Russian; 7ery encouraging results are reported from use of a 30 per cent Albucid ointaent in 45 cases (half of then severe) including chemical and thermal bums and one due to an explosion Am ! Cphth- 336 A Caae of Bums Associated with Bilateral Retinitis, A.L, Newson and K.3. Armstrong. Med. J. Australia, 1. 459 (May 5, 1945) A soldier received an extensive second-degree bum by accidental Igni tion of low-octane gas, Toxe.noc srrsptoms developed on the second and third days. On the second day of illness the patient complained of blurred vision, and this persisted. When tr.e vision was tested two weeks later he could count with each eye merely fingers at four feet distance. In each eye the macula was surrounded by a large white area somewhat similar to that seen in malignant hypertension In the center of the ares was a' dullred spot. Five to six smaller patches were scattered over the posterior portion of each fundus, but only one snail hemorrhage was seen. A month later vision had improved to 5/36 is each eye. The peripheral patches had been largely absorbed and those around toe macula were in course of absorp tion. Am. J. Ophthc 337 Cleansing of Oil-Covered Sleir. a-H Sums. L Schwartz and H.S. Mason. Arch. Surg., 51, 55-53 (Juiy-Aug., 1345) \ In this investigation or the cleansing of oil-covered skin and bums, 165 surface-active agmts manufactured in the United States and commer cially available were systematically studied.( Some 350 mixtures of single surface-active agmts is combination with both light and heavy liquid petrolatum (purified mineral oil) were the subjects of approximately 700 teats of comparative activity in removing heavy fuel oil and tar from the skin. The test oils employed were heavy and light fuel oils. \Three mix tures of surface-ective agents were frond capable of completely removing heavy fuel oil without ostensible mechanical action in the course of three fifteen minute applications on surgical gause tun were also found to have poor detergency. Dioctyl sodium rulfosucoinate in 13 per cent light liquid petrolatum solution had good detergency and high activity as an oil remover in dressing fornj - Authors' sicamary. Industrie- Medical PractJ 388 Ihe Relationship Between the Industrial Physician and the Cawmmttv Prac titioner. C. Leggo. Ind. Med., 15, 137-138 (Mar., 1946) Nine situations are described wnere the plant physician should be expected to initiate the referral to community physician; such cases in clude certain types of surgery, tuberculosis, heart conditions, syphilis, eye or dental defects, communicable iiseaseo, and others. On the other industrial Hygiene Digest - 22 April. 1HS side, six cases are discussed in which the community practitioner should initiate a referral to the industrial physician; these cases should cower those suspected to be of occupational origin, or where working conditions or hours are concerned, and those in which claims for compensation might be involved. Is all cases the relationship between the industrial physician and community practitioner must be free and not strained in any way. 389 A .Comprehensive Mental Hygiene Prog-ram at Cstsrpillar Tractor Company Tau,roving human Relationship in Industry. H.A. Vonachon, B. MitteLuann, M H. Kronenberg, A, Veider and H.G. Wolff. Ind. Med., ^5, 179-184 (Mar., 1946) This paper describee a project devoted to the development of an indus trial psychiatric program. The main points developed are: (1) a new in terviewing technique; (2) an induction talk fortifying the employee against the stress of industrial work; (3) shortly after employment, a psychiatric interview to discover each individual's personal assets and liabilities; ( 4) a lecture series to train foremen to recognise and manage the minor emotional problems of men under him; (S) routine personality evaluations by means of psychological tests; (6) psychiatric counseling and brief therapy for those with personality disturbances; and (7) technique for insuring the readjustment of the veteran to industrial situations. Each point is discussed end illustrated- by reports of actual cases. The proce dures described are useful in placing persona in positions which usa their capabilities to the fullest and in furnishing ready counsel and therapy to combat situations which arise, and they should be carried out with complete understanding, caution and tact. son- 4-iiim-fmin Thor-apy at Parral. Anon. Mining World, , 10-12 (Mar. ,1946) The Panel Unit of A.S.&R.'s Mexican subsidiary is the first in any Latin American country to adopt aluminum prophylactic and therapeutic treat ment for silicosis, in addition to 65 in Canada and 19 in the United States now using it. According to Mexico's silicosis law, in effect since 1932, eight degrees of silicosis are recognised; the first three, normal to slightly fibrous, call for no indemnity. Beyond the third stage, indemnity depends on the extent of disability, as detenainsd by the company doctor and the union doctor. The stage at which indemnity begins is well below that which would be considered any disability in the United States. Accep tance of prophylactic or therapeutic treatment is voluntary. For the for mer, aluminum powder is .dijltixiied into the change rooms, during shift changes, with controlled ventilation, at about 30,000 particles per cc., and the employees breathe normally. For the therapeutic treatment, higner concentrations are inhaled through * special hose inserted in the mouth, and the nuAer and time of treatments vary with the severity of the disease, ranging from 30 treatments of six minutes to 60 of 10 minutes. The theory of the effect of aluminum on silicosis is discussed and details of the treatment are given. 391 Metatarsal March (Fatlwusl A.L. Levaton. Am. J. Surg., T^, 49-57 (Oct., 1945) Dr. Leveton treats the disease of metatarsal march fractures on a statistical basis from experience with 259 cases smong azay personnel. The condition, although extremely rare in civilian life, is an occupational disease of soldiers, especially those undergoing the rigorous training and marching programs after induction. Dr. Leveton discounts many previous explanations of this condition to propose fatigue of the peroneua longus TnAuitadal fr^H*** TM **+ - P* Aaril* I3yj anJ the tibialis posterior as the cause. Physical findings nd X-rav serve to diagnose the condition. In the army, patients were kept three weeks at bed rest without a cast and then returned to duty after a 2-4 week recondi tioning program. Approximately 99$ of the patients made a good recovery without residual symptoms. -- J.I.H.&T. 392 A Medical Service Plan Suitable for Chemical Twriimtrv - Tn "Current Develop ments in Plant Management..1' 1. von Pechoann. Ind. and Eng. Cham., 38, 97-83 (Mar,, 1946) The "Bloom plan", from its experimental stage in 1929 to e full-grown industrial service in 1945 was developed in the Ansco Division of the General Aniline and Film Corporation. For the first four years a group of physicians was selected to provide the necessary medical service under contract taut in 1933 it was reorganised to permit employees to choose their own physicians, which plan was tar more successful. Since family physicians could be retained, all practitioners had a stake in the success of the enterprise, and all were assured of their pay. The fees are 1.20 a month and the company pays 75^ for eaeh member. Benefits include teeth extraction, X-ray, laboratory, and sickness insurance for hospitalization. Wives and dependent children under 13 pay $1.50 a month and are entitled to operation, hospitalization for 30 days s year at $2.00 a day, care of fractures, and maternity care. The great advantage of the "Bloom plan" is that it can readily be adapted for any kind of Industry and the cost can be set at a figure to ensure success. Also, in cooperation with the medi cal society, this type of service can be provided to industrial workers on the basis of freedom of choice of physicians. 393 The Conner Tonlzation Treatment af Fungaus Infections- W.J. Lahey and J.E. Burns. Naval Bed. Bull.. 46. 554-557 (Apr., 1946) This report covers 164 cases over a period of six months. (1) Our experience indicates that the copper ionization bath is safe end valu able method of trestnent of fungous infection of the types described. (2) At. appreciable number of cases shows persistent scaling or fissuring of the skin despite disappearance of all acute signs. These require the supplementary use of keratolytic agents to complete the henllng process. (3) The method possesses certain advantages over the usual forms of therapy. Chronic eases are generally benefited. The vexing problem of "overtreetsent" ia by-passed. The procedure is simple and uniform in its application. The apparatus necessary is easily constructed from scrap material and requires little servicing. The over-all cost of treatment is minimal. These factors are of particular significance in military medi cine. -- Authors' conclusions. - Spidffll.c KTatgCBBlUacUTltifli__ Clinical Amenta and Suecaaeful Treatment 0. Giants. Klin M. f. Augenh., 106. 561-571 (Hey., 1941) (German) A report about 312 cases of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis treated in Giants's practice during 1938-1940. The majority (190) were spontaneous and of undetermined etiology. The rest occurred after: removal of corneal foreign bodies, other corneal lesions, chemical burns, lid abscesses, end removal of chalazion or lime concretion or pterygium. The main treatment was with optochin hydrochloride 1 per cent solution, which the author re gards as a specific for the condition. The average duration was seven days. -- Am. J. Opbth. Tnduntrial Syrians Ilgeat -.2*. tori;, iftfi 535 Prevention of Oral Dl--se of OrwirstinnAl Origin. L.L. Heacock. Ind. Med., 15, 1S4-1S7 (Uar., 1346) Within the medical services of an industrial plant should be dental services including: (1) preplacemcnt and periodic oral examination of all employees; (2) emergency treatment, including the care of occupational in juries end disease; (3) treatment and eradication of oral sepsis; (4) adecuate recording of findings and recommendations; end (5) education in dental health me fcllow-up of individuals to encourage complete and regular dental service The pathological oral conditions may be classified as: (1) abra sion from dusts; (2) decalcification by acid fumes; (5) caries caused by deposits of flour or sugar; (4) pigmentation of enamel caused by fluorides, copper, chrome or dyes and pigmentation of gingivae,from the ingestion of minerals such as mercury, bismuth, lead and nickel; (5) inflammation from many factors, including the halogens or ammonia; (6) circulatory distur bances shorn by alteration of the blood supply to gingival tissues; (7) de generation due to radium poisoning; (8) neoplasm caused by tar, pitch or irritation by foreign bodies; and (3) lesions which are manifestations of systemic diseases such as are found in the stomatitis of mercury, end In poisoning by lead, bismuth, radium or benzaae. 396 Prance Provides Health Services fnr Small Induatriev. F.B. Fedley. Can. Med. Assoc. J., 5, 493 (1945) Industrial health programs for mall industries that collectively employ the greatest number of workers has become a problmn. Because these industries cannot alone support an adequate health program, attempts have beer, nace to organize them regionally into units of 1000 to 9000 employees and to supply full time medical and nursing services. These attempts have not been notably successful. In Francs, ana particularly near Paris, this type of organization has procssdsd apses. Impetus for this growth has in large measure arisen fraa the work of the system of family allowances which has been operating in France for a number of years. These programs sup-iy a full time doctor, medical social worker, and secretary in central office end examination station. Here pre-employment and periodic examina tions are given as well as special consultative service. At present in one such group the operating cost is said to be ISO francs per employee per year, with a chargw of 100 francs to the plants served. The number of employees in the particular service described is about 9000. -- J.I.H.&T, Industrial Relations, Personnel 537 Industry and Medicine - Whwt ag. dxr.eeta of the Other. H. Strong. Ind. Med., 15, 194-196 (Mar-, 1946) The article discusses several qualifications which industry should expect in the industrial physician. They include special training in industrial medicine, familiarity with plant environment and possible haz ards end an understanding of psychiatry and preventive medicine. Above all he should be a health educator. On the ether hand, medicine should expect industry to give to the industrial physician a rightful place in the plant organization, with adequate salary and time for his Job, and also a growing understanding of his value to the successful operation of the plant. Industrial gywiene Digest - _2S. Aori-L. 13^ > rri 339 ?v. Qne-F'-ec Worker. J. Minton. Brit. J. Ophth., 29 , 472-476 (Sept., 104 One-eyed people fall into two groups: (1) those who have been witha-j one eye since*11dhood and (2) those iho have loot the vision of .one eye as the result of injury or sickness. The first group are not handicapped. Ir. the second group the degree of depth perception acquired Spends on (1) in telligence and experience; (?) age - young workaen adjust more auicklv: (") sex - women adjust more slowly; (4) the loss of the dominant or master eye produces greater disability. Factors in the length of the period of absence from work are: fear, compensation end litigation difficulties, end -unwillingness of certain firms to employ one-eyed workers. The safety of the good eye should be the first consideration in the employment of these workers. --* From J.I.H.&T. 339 Tecmwork for Industrial Health. J.J. Bloomfield. Am. J. Pub. Health, 36, 261-268 (Mar., 1946) We have leaned that we must bring the benefits of modern medicine and hygiene to industrial workers and to provide a safe and healthful en vironment, adequate medical and nursing service, preplaceeient and periodic health examinations, general health education, proper feeding facilities, end essential welfare services. Curing the war we accomplished much which seemed impossible. For example, in 1945, there were only three deaths from TNT poisoning among approximately 130,000 employees engaged in TNT opera tions; in World War I there were 230 deaths for every billion pounds of explosives manufactured as compared with only five deaths during this war. Assistance in developing such medical services is available in our commu nities but in order to have a well coordinated program, all of the people, not only employers and employees, must take an active part. We have the brains, the man power and natural resources to build the healthiest notion in the world. -- From Author's summary. 40: Three-Cornered Cooperation - How the Safety. Medical and Personnel Divi sions Fit into the Industrial Picture. J.S. Felton. Nat. Safety News, pp. 26-27, 102,106 (Feb., 1946) For the successful operation of any industrial health scheme there must be unified cooperation among all departments and each member of the operctlng staff must follow certain basic principles such as knowing his workers, going Into the shops and understanding nil phases of the work and norking conditions, learning and using the workers' vocabulary, end avoiding a "superior" attitude. Likewise, all plant agencies should cooperate with other medical, employment and social service organizations of the cosnunity. Putting the Disabled Veteran Back to Work i__ _ 4vl A Discussion of the Psychiatric Aspects of Rehabilitation. J.E. Finesinger and E. Lindemann. Dis. Nerv. System, , 149-155 (May,1945) The role of the psychiatrist in helping veterans to readjust to civ ilian life is discussed. Psychological factors which enter into the prob lem are the effect of army life changes in home setting, and readjustment Industrial Hygiene Slgest - 26 April lMfi at home. Psychiatrists oust cure manifest neuroses and psychosomatic dis orders and also be alert to the potential threat to mental health inherent in the crises of readjustment. Suggestions which are deemed helpful in the solution of these problems are listed. 402 Parchigtcr; AhRt43J.UUflft* New England J. Med. , 255^64-6> (July 19f 1W5T 'V'fV *'V The contribution to rehabilitation which the tivilifa physician must- meke is discussed. Apparent complete restoration to mental or emotional health before discharge does not preclude difficulties in making the tran sition back to civilian life. The attitude of the community and employers, in making the veteran feel that he is an asset to the community, is impor tant. Psychiatric training is of great value to personnel directors in industry. Each case should be handled on an individual basio. -- J.I.H.&T. 402 Motor Industry Rgporta on Statue of Driving for War Veterans. Anon. Automobile Facts,, j, 6 (Mar., 1946) Progress has bean made in getting ready for volume production, car driving aids for disabled Woila lar II veterene. Such aids include hand- operated throttle control, brake and gear-shift levers for right-hand or left-hand operations, special steering knob, electric signaling lever, con trol buttons for lights and starter, a flip switch to throw the clutch to manual or automatic control, and a hill-holder unit. The parts ere being made to fit all cars produced by on organisation, and free exchange of manufacturing facilities between producers of the kits will speed up dis tribution. 404 DatflcUpa tad Mflnagmmt Qf PersonalUy and P>rrchaap**-ic oiwordera Among Industrial Personnel. B. Mittelmann^A. Welder, H.A. Vonachsn, M. Kronen- berg, Nonna Welder, K. Brodman and H.G. Wolff. Paychoaom. Med., 7, 559-r (Hov., 1945) rroup of S' veterans seeking unptwysmnt or reemployment were given psychiatric interviews, and many of them ware gLvm either the Cornell Selectee Index Test or the Cornell Word Test. Men found to have person ality disturbances but considered employable, ware assigned jobs with a minimum of noiae, amoks and demand fbr spaed. They ware allowed to leave work when fatigued, gradually assuming full time dotles. With selective placement and psychotherapy, those with p--wi*i4s.y-d< held their jobs as long, on the average, me normal workers. A similar aarlea of interviews and testa was undertaken for a group of oploywes and pros pective employees that had not seen military service. Most of these who required psychotherapy were benefited. -- J.I.H.&T. 405 Selective Plaeewent for the Hendieenned. War Manpower Commission, United States Employment Service, Washington, D.C. Revised Fab., 1945. 156 pp., index. In this pamphlet a simple logical plan is presented for the placement of the so-called physically handicapped Individuals in industry on an even footing with their more fortunate competitors. This if accomplished by focusing attention upon the capabilities of an individual for performing specific tasks, rather than upon physical abnormalities which have no direct bearing upon efficiency in doing them. A simple check form for analyzing any type of work ia illustrated which Indicates working condi tions end physical activities required. A similar form with identical check items evaluates the capacity of an individual for performing those Tn*.t.w4al Hygiene Digest - 27 Activities and indicates restrictions as to working conditions. Space is provided on each form for brief explanatory remarks. The forma are accom plished independently by trained personnel. The problem then becomes merely one of fitting the individual to the job, and in this respect those with physical atnoroallties are considered on the same basis as those without. A large part of the pamphlet ia devoted to the description of specific phy sical disabilities end their evaluations which will prove of great value ir. standardizing physical appraisal. -- J.I.H.&T. 406 The Physically Impaired nrkar in Industry. R.L. Brown and R.L.C. Butsch. Ind. Med., IS, IBS-192 (Mar., 1946) Bnphasis in this paper is placed on a simple, workable formula for the analysis of the physical requirements of jobs. It describee the method of examining, limiting and coding physically impaired workers by the use of tabulating cards. The results of a study of 1,757 physically impaired indi viduals hired at a large aircraft plant during the year 1944 are presented. It 13 concluded that with.proper placement the physically impaired worker is an asset and not a liability in industry. -- From Authors' summary. 407 The Present and Future of War Numn. C.C. Burlingame. J. Nerv. and Ment. Dis., 101. 429-453 (May, 1945) Besides a large number of neurotics among service men, there is another large group among workers who are faced with new strenge problems concerning their jobs, their domestic affairs, and their social relationships. There are toe many of these cases for psychiatrists to handle on a personal and individual basis. Psychiatrists arust work through social organisations - especially industrial management and labor groups. The author believes that proper adjustment to a job is a cardinal factor in rehabilitation, and that therefore, supervisory personnel and formen should receive particular training from psychiatrists. -- J.I.H.&T. 40S Physical Capacity far Work. V.K. Harvey and E.P. Luongo. Occ. Med., 1, 1-47 (Jen., 1946) Examination of a human being to find shat work he ia fit for involves knowledge of a method not yet possessed by medical science, nmely, a method of estimating reserve compensation. Present technics of measuring job requirements and physical capacities are only reasonable guides. They have value only as guides since there ia a substantial margin of error both in the determination of the requirements of the job and in the physi cal evaluation and selective placement of the applicant. In the final analysis, regardless of what systems of job analysis and of evaluation of working capacity are used, the two most important factors in estimating physical capacity for work is the diagnostic acuao of the examining phy sician and his knowledge of industrial conditions. In tbia connection, the future of the physically Impaired in government or private industry will be as good as the type of preventive industrial medical service which management Is willing to provide. The future of industrial medicine is closely allied to "human engineering" in the promotion of individual phy sical and mental hygiene, nutritional guidance, physical training and con trol of fatigue and in the aiding of management in the selection of em ployees for specific types of work. In this connection, periodic reexam ination of msployees and jobs probably should be mandatory, especially in the case of the physically Impaired. The "must" in dealing with the applicant for work who presents an impairment, irtiether he is a veteran or a non-veteran, ia to give him e fair chance to make good under his own n-Tmtyial Hygiene lifeSt - ABrtU power plus whatever assistance or special benefits are provided by law -- state, municipal or federal. The general risk that an employer takes in hiring seemingly normal persons without being able to measure the large number of success factors involved in work is considerable. It may exceed any risk he takes with physically impaired persons whose capacities have been evaluated and matched with the requirements cf the job. Histakes in placing the worker with an impairment are inevitable, as in the case of the able-bodied, but the failure of a person with a particular type of de fect to do a particular job should not prejudice an employer against con sidering another person with the sane defect for the same job unless it has been definitely substantiated that there is a physiologic or a psycho logic contraindication in the requirements of the job, In cases in which there is a doubt whether the remaining capacities of the person with an impaired function are adequate for successful performance of the job, the doubt should be resolved in favor of the applicant, with the understanding that if he does not prove successful in the job, he may be referred to appropriate rehabilitation authorltes or reassigned, and that if this is not possible, his employment may be terminated -- Authors' conclusions. Absenteeism, Hours af Labor, Etc. 409 Effects on Industrial Production af the Administration of Delta 5 Pregne nolone to Factory Workers. I. G. Pincus and 2. Hoagland. Psvchosora. Med., 7, 542-546 (Nov., 1945) Two groups of workers, one with fixed wages and the other on piece work, were studied. All workers were told they were receiving a "vitaminlike" substance for colds. Control placebos were identical in appearance and taste to the 45 agm. pregnenolone tablets Each worker received one tablet per day. The group with fixed wages wonted on a daily quota basis, cutting sole leather from hides. Pregnenolone did not produce a signifi cant change in efficiency aa measured bv per cent of ecrep leather. The group on piece work was making bayonets for army rifles. Pregnenolone increased production above the placebo level by 8.2$ (statistically sig nificant). Reduction in Mount of waste was 32 7% greater with pregneno lone than with the placebo, but this figure is not significant statisti cally. -- J.I.H.&T. 413 Effects on Taduwtrtal Production of the Administration of Delta 5 Pregne nolone to Factory Workera. TT. G. Pincus, H. Hoagland, C.H. ftllson and !J.J. Fay. Psyehosom. Med., 7, 547-352 (Nov.., 1945) Described arm two aeries of tests on skilled workers handling spec tacle frames and cases. In the first series, some were given 50 mgs. per day of pregnenolone, same were given lactose placebos, identical in ap pearance and taste, and a few were given nothing. Earnings by those tak ing pregnenolone were 1.32% above the placebo level (statistically sig nificant). There was a saving in waste of 5.7* over the placebo level (barely significant statistically). In the second aeries, the effect on production of pregnenolone dosage was investigated. Group (1) received 0.1 mgn. per day; group (2) 25 agm. per day; and group (3) 70 mgm. per day. All tablets looked and tasted the same. Production in group (3) was significantly greater tnan in group (1), but production in (2) was not significantly greater than in (1) -- ' I H.&T. Industrial Hygiene Digest9 laxilt 13^ Insurance and Medical Economics 411 Sccunational Dermatoses;--Disability and Compensation. C.G. Lane. New Eng, J, Med , 233, ni-715 (Dec. 13, 1345) Data on compensation paid during disability due to occupational denatoses, medical expenses, amount of wages lost, and duration of disability are presented* Although incomplete, the figures show a steady rise in the incidence of dermatoses adjudged compensable, and falls in the average num ber of days lost, average indemnity, and average cost of medical care. More adequate data on these points are greatly to be desired; adoption of uniform criteria for compensable occupational dematoais is also desirable. The criteria published in 1342 by the National Committee on Occupational Dermatoses are to be recommended for this purpose. -- J.I.H.&T. Laboratory Toxicological Studi< 412 Toxicology of 1.2-Dichioronrooana (Propylene Dtchlarida). I. Studies on Effects of Daily Inhalations. L.A.Heppel, P.A. Neal, B. Highman and V.T. Porterfield. J, Ini. Hyg. and Tox., 28, 1-8 (Jan., 1946) Various species of animals received simultaneous Inhalation exposures to lTI^rllchloropropane. Many deaths occurred among rats, guinsa pigs and rabbits receiving lass than eight exposures to 2200 ppm. At a concentra tion of 1000 ppm, ieaths occurred among dogs after 24 exposures, among guinea pigs after 22 exposures and among rats after as few as seven expo sures. Some of the animals survived over 100 exposures. The animals were exposed seven hours dally and nearly always five days a seek. Ani mals dying after lass than 12 exposures often showed marked visceral con gestion, fatty degeneration of the liver, kidney and lass frequently the heart, and areas of coagulation necrosis in the lives*} The adrenal cor tex shoved marked lipoid depletion in several rets and extensive necrosis in the guinsa pigs, fIn general, except for marked splenic hemosiderosis particularly noted in rets and subcortical fibrosis of the adrenal in guinsa pigs, mimals killed after 35 or more exposures showed no signi ficant or occasional einimal lesions. Hematological studies of dogs and rabbits revealed no abnormalities. The liver was not damaged to any extent. Determinations of the concentration of dlchloropropane in the blood of exposed rabbits and dogs were mads. Exposed rets, mice, and guinea pigs excreted a substance in the urine that produced a red color when the urine was dried on wood shavings. -- From Authors' summary. 415 Degeneration of the Basal Ganges in Mnnkeva ran Chronic Carbon Disul fide Poi ermine R. Richter. J. Neuropath, and Exper. Neurology, 4, 324-353 (Oct., 1345) (lX_Four monkeys (Mccaca mulatta) were chronically poisoned with carbon disulfide by exposing them to inhalation of the vapor for periods of from 12 to 21 months, when marked symptoms of intoxication appeared. nJustrial Hygiene Digest - S April*. 194a (2) la all of the animals the essential ar.i constant pathological changes consisted in extensive, bilateral and symmetrical necrosis of the globus palliius end the zona reticulata of the substantia nigra. (3) The monkeys presented in' common profound motor disturbances characterised by reduction on! clcmess of all tvoes of movement without r>*-nlv3is, incoordination of locomotion and climbing, plastic cog-wheel rigidity of the skeletal muscles, flexor postural attitudes of the trunk and extremities and severe action "no tension tremor: (4) LIt is believed that the data justified the conclusion that ihe motor syndrome observed in the animals is attributable to the destruction of the globus pallidus and substantia nigra and that there .ire close similarities pathologically and physiologically to the Parkinsonian syndrome of man. !-- Author1s suonery. 414 Danger of Inunction with DDT, E.l- Taylor. Lancet, 29, 320 (1945) A 5$ solution of COT in acetone, liberally applied to the ears, head, and feet of rabbits eight weeks old and eight months old, caused severe poisoning, generally fatal. A 0.5% solution caused non-fatal poisoning in the younger rabbits, although it apparently did not affect the older ones. Muscular tremors, paralysis, nervous excitability, and convulsions were among the poisoning symptoms; blood magnesium was normal in the single instance in which it was determined (4th day after inunc tion) . Taylor has previously observed that 2% DDT in liquid petrolatum is fatal when applied to the ears, nose, feet and tail of rots, i These ob servations emphasize the danger of attempting to apply DDT by inunction for treatment of mange in rabbits or scabies in man.j-- C.A. 415 Metabolic Factors In Qmw nnnin^. I. Gersh and C.E. Vagner. Am. J. Physiol., 144. 270-277 (July, 1945) The cellular pathology underlying oxygen poisoning has been suggested to be the oxidation of cellular components related to enzyme activity; this oxidation should vary with the metabolic rate of the animal as will as with the oxygen tension. Findings from experiments on cats support this theory. Marked differences between cats and rats in the response to increased oxygen tensions are pointed out. The applicability to humans of data obtained bv studying animals exposed to increased oxygen tensions la thus limited. -- From J.I.H.&T. 416 Tolerance to Afnlc Trlawld*. In the AlMno Rat. E.R. Norris and H.v. Elliott. An. J. Physiol., li, 6 35-633 (May, 1945) (1) Rats hava been shown to acquire a true systemic tolerance to arsenic trioxide in solution, injected intraperitoneally as sodium arsenlte, (2) The toxicity of a dosage of arsenic trioxide and the progress of adaptation has bten shown by following the hypothermia after injection. (3) The tolerance to injected arsenic trioxiie was shown not to be due to decreased rate of absorption from the body cavity. -- Authors1 summery. 417 In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of the Effect of Armanita on the Respiration of Rat Tisaias. H.V. Elliott and E.R. Norris. Am. J. Physiol., 143. 639-613 (May, 1945) By tissue respiration studies, arsenic trloxlde action-concentration curves have been prepared for cerebral cortex, diaphragm, kidney cortex and liver in the albino rats. Fatal doses of arsenic trloxlde administ ered either subcutaneously or perltoneally in vivo have no effect on cerebral cortex respiration and cause reduction of diaphragn and kidney Tmhiwtrtal Bveiene Digest - SI toll. IHft cortex respiration. Liver respiration is stimulated in subcutaneous and re duced in peritoneal administration. The absence of effect on the cerebral cortex respiration, while the respiration of the muscle tissue of the dia phragm is reduced, would suggest that the hypothermia of arsenic poisoning is influenced more by a decreased rate of energy -meteboliai of the indivi dual tissues than by a direct effect on the temperature regulating center in the central nervous system. -- Authors' summary. Public Health 418 Britain'a National Health Act. Editorial. J.A.H.A.,..120 , 358-859 (Mar. 30, 1946) The proposal for the nationalization of medical services In Great Britain is condemned by the writer as "one of the most backward steps ever conceived for a civilized nation* and a propoaal "to enslave lta own medi cal profession" to the "whims of bureaucrats" and the encumbrances of red tape. Further fear ia expressed that standardisation will rob the medical profession of its scope for Individuality and will halt the tremendous advances that have been made in scientific medicine. The propoaal that the government take over the private hospitals is deplorable, as it would remove the spiritual motive in the care of the sick. Hope ia expressed that the long debate in the British parliament, which is Inevitable, "will develop some means for retaining in Great Britain the spirit and the tradition that have earned for British medicine up to now the respect of scientists throughout the world", 419 Water-Borne Outbreak of Gaatroanteritia in an Industry. L. Louis. Monthly Bull. Ind. State Board of Health, 42* 55, 45 (Feb., 1946) An outbreak of water-borne gastroenteritis occurred in January, 1946 in an industry in a small town in north-central Indiana. Approxi mately 30 out of 100 employees were effected. . There were three sources of water supply, with cross connections, and the cause of the epideade was traced to failure to close the proper valves when changing the source of some of the water supply.! The water was later purified by thorough flushing, and the cross-connections will be eliminated in accordance with State regulations. 420 Industrialisation of India and Ite Likely Effact on Tubarculoeia Problems. P.&. 3m, Indian Med. Gaz., 80 , 55-41 (Jan., 1945) Concern la expressed that the ixninent large-scale industrialization of India and the employment of workers from rural areas may be attended by a heavy toll of tuberculosis. Control of nee entrants is given as the key point. Placements or rejections should be made on the basis of tuberculin tests. Crowded living conditions, feeling of insecurity on the part of the workers, and insufficient wages are problems to be dealt with by the Planning Committee. -- From Bull. Hyg* Industrial gvriene PlMit v 32 April, I34fi 421 Pth<*wlc Action of r.leiua CvmmaHH* UH in Agriculture m m FrtiHT. R. de Gaulejac and P. Dervlllee. Arch. Malad. Profesaionnelles, , 525-327 (1944-1945) (French) Calcium cyanamide for use as a fertiliser in agriculture contains about 50 per cent of quicklime, and a heavy oil is incorporated in it to make it less powdery, but in damp conditions the oil becomes altered and the sub stance again becomes powdery. Before the war it was sold in a granulated fcra in closed containers. It has a local caustic action on the skin and mucous membranes, due to the contained quicklime, and, if absorbed, as from mucous membranes or in the food, it may produce dyspnea, faintness and a feeling of suffocation, attributed to the action of free cyanamide on the respiratory centers. The authors give notes of cases, and state that the effects are well-known? they are not fatal. The following precautions are recommended: use the granulated form and, as it usually contains some powder, moisten it slightly before use; choose dry weather with little wind for spreading the fertilizer and mix it well into the soil; protect the skin, especially moist regions, by light, close fitting clothing; if a burning sensation is felt or contact seen, wash at once, end after the work is done, bathe, change the clothing, and wash out the mouth and nos trils. -- Bull. Hyg. 422 The Presence of Cooper and Lead in Samm Hmum Ttaauee. P.R. van der Riet Copsoon. Clin. Proc. of J. Cape loan Post-Graduate Had. Assoc., J, 475482 (Oct., 1945) This South African study shows that both copper end lead are widely districted in human tissues, and that copper is .present In larger amounts than Isad. Copper appears to be present as a catalyst in the formation of hemoglobin while lead present in the tissues is derived from incidental absorption because of its wide distribution as a contaminant in daily life'. -- J.I.H.&T. Nutrition 423 The Eva as a Guide ta-Latent HatartrMDeficiency Dlaaeaaa- A.A. Knapp. Bull. N.I. Acad. Had., 2, 217-222 (Apr., 1946) In a group of patients in the aimed forces suffering fron faulty food intake, certain eye conditions have been demonstrated -- axial myopia, vernal catferfc (also called allergic conjunctivitis), hazy fundus oculi, chorioretlKtii, and optic nerve disease. These findings further substan tiate earlier animal and human research. Whan there are no other clinical signs or symptoms of inadequate feeding in a patient, examination of the eyes may reveal the only evidaice of malnutrition. Bence, the eye may serve as a guide- to latent nutritional deficiency diseases. -- Author* s conclusion. 424 Industrial Canteens In Auei.raH - kr> E-marlwawt la Central Planning. H.G. Rouse. Ind. Welfare and Personnel Hanagement, 27. 56 (1945) The Australian experiment in industrial feeding is described. Under the Food Service Brandi the government planned, built and equipped cafe terias in war industries. It tra&aed the key staff and managed the feeding Tndugtrial Hygiene Digest - 53 Anri-- programs. Centralized control and complete standardization were established for ail war industries. A not meal, which conformed to the best nutritior.Ai principles was served in 20 minutes on all three shifts at a cost which the worker could afford. In addition to these cafeterias, the government gave encouragement and advice to employers in private industry to establish cafe terias which would carry on beyond the war period. These works cafeterias are considered a better means of nutrition education than propaganda. -- Fro-. Can. Med. Assoc. J-. Miscellaneous 425 Psychological and Psychiatric Reactions In Diving and in Submarine Warfare. A.R.-~Behncke. Am. J. Psycniat., 131. 720-725 (May, 1345) The author describes certain objective measures, outside of physio logical and psychoaotor tests, which have proved useful in the selection of sutmarine personnel. These measures include the darkened hood, con finement in a sealed chamber, and subjection to anoxia and nitrogen nar cosis. The first two are tests for claustrophobia, and anoxia and expo sure to nitrogen under pressure bring to light any undesirable emotional reaction. The author stresses the importance of prevention of psycholo gies -failure-^ twraai* individuals awthe result of extreme fatigue. Apart from the matter of proper rest, the individual can be aided by knowledge and insight as to the nature of normal reaction to stress. 426 Amenities in Mar Time Factor!m. Australia Dept, of Labor ?nd Nations Service, Ind. Welfare Division. Bull. No. 5. 52 pp. (1945) "Amenities" is uaed to cover those parts of the factory that are necessary for the accommodation of employees -- toilets, wash rooms, change-rooms, mess room and provision for first aid. The standards des cribed ere broadlyeonslrtent with requirementa contained in regulations applying to industriS premises, such as those of State Factories and Shop Acts and local government ordinances and by-laws. The descriptions of installations in the various amenities rooms.are accompanied by pho tographs and diagrams. 427 Let Thwra be Light - at Least Enough for Rwadlng in Libraries. R.M. Stecher. Bull. Med. Library Assoc., .33, 220-230 (Aor., 1345) Considerable improvement is desirable and possible in the condi tions' of artificfaT lighting commonly found in libraries. Generally diffused lighting is recommended, with a level of illumination at least as high as 25 foot candles, where continuous reading or study may be carried on for periods of an hour or more. For the study of poorly printed material, old manuscripts, fine or unfamiliar writing or print ing, as wall as sustained reading for several hours, and for the use of people with impaired vision, the general level of illumination should be increased, or supplementary lighting should be employed. Industrial Hygiene - S4 A=ril. 13-r IMSHC Air Samsung large volumes 345 .-.rcei-lc tricxide effect cn respiration (rat tissues) 417 tolerance 'rats) 416 "sr.rer.e appraisal of exposures to \ 347 transitory ansmia from 363 Bituminous coal mines accidents from falls (Bit. Rev.) . 342 Bock reviews and notices 340-341-342-343-344 Burns, skin chlorophyll treatment 384 cleaning of 387 Caisson disease calcification oain 368 statistical study of 370 precautions as ferti- lizer Carbon disulfide 421 nerve degeneration from 413 Carbon tetrechloride in broaching operations 364 Cold_______________________ disorders from 378 Coraoencetion cases Wisconsin (1940-44) 327 Conner *nd lead in human tissues 422 ::t______________________ absorption throui skin 414 poisoning 572-373 -emetitls benzidine 383 chrone steel 382 citrus by-products 379 discbility and compen sation 4U from spectacles 300 parsnips 381 rubber products 377 tobacco mites 378 mving ana su one rues psychological reactions to 425 Duet control of fire hazards 350 Eve bums bilateral retinitis from 386 treatment 385 Fungous infections 359 copper treatment Gastroenteritis 393 water-borne outbreak 419 hvH An* Quebec 374 teamwork 399-400 end private practice 388 (Bk. Rev.) 341 exhaust booths end hoods 348 relationship 397 treatment 594 porphyrins in 357 Lead tetraethyl in point 356 Lighting requirement for libra- ries March fracture Medical service 427 391 France 596 plan 592 Mental hygiene program 589 Mercury chronic poisoning Methane 354 anoxia from 360 Methvl acetate poisoning from 365 Methyl bromide poisoning 366-367 Mine ventilation makeshift 349 National Health Act Great Britain 418 aiae. xaaustrm effect on performance 371 Mursing industrial (3k. Rev.) 343 Nutrition Australia i?4 Nutritional deficiency and eye effect: 423 Qccunstionai diseases Wisconsin 323 398 Oral fliaease occupational 335 from shrinking opera- tions 362 metabolic factors in 415 Pice covering operations asbestos exposures 355 Poisons identification and treatment (Bk.Rev.)340 effect of pregnenolone 409-410 toxicology of 412 Radiation hazards detection of 346 Roentgenoscopy protection in 369 Safety careers in (Bk.Rev.) Sanitation, industrial Australia 426 Silicosis aluminum therapy 330 clinical study 351 in bituminous miners 352 Tuberculous and chlorine 361 India 420 occupational 375 Veterans, rehabilitation 401-402-40 3-404-40 5-406 - 407-408 Welding hazards 358 Zinc chloride smoke casualties from 355