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FILE NAME Armco ARM DATE 1932 Oct DOC ARM003 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Transactions of the National Safety Council 1932 TRANSACTIONS National Safety | Council Incorporated -- ---- -- ' TWENTY ANNUAL - SAFETY CONGRESS | o meee f es eeeSe Voth ie Si ass 2 th Washington D. C. October 3 to October 7 1952 The Wardman Park and Shoreham Hotels Copyright 1933 National Safety Council Inc. patie ayes! * ~ v. te \ Ut AS eS A aR: Me : Ln ee et EAE ze Or ty. Spi Saupe at ig ne7h } . =f. 4 ; sees: . I tes a ast! AX tt teh ; Oficers DirectorsCONTENTS CONTES Refrigaton Construcion NationalNationl Safety CONTES Petroleum National SafetySafety Safety Council CONTENTS ChemicalDelivery, Council sa Edun or res in itpos INdEX. Textile Satety Quary Public Power Paper Mining Hot it Food Electric National + National National Safety Council Council Council : | the of CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS Secation and tlm Utilties Pres PAGE Section PAGE PenWOnm SectionRailway Taxicab Section National National National National National Safety Council Council 20 North National Lumber i these Purposes fer its Directors CONTENTS 2.0 tSec eSecctionon was oo Taning Section and 2020 Wacker Incorpated Incorpated Incorporated Meting . Chicago and Chicago - CIE Membrsof Sesions Members ocean Anual AnualMMeetiengting Members Safety * Manufctring ecsrt .ces Section.sPAGE 4359 NIRA .sec Drive Engiering Railroad Enginering AdvancedRound cser Sectlon.0 Advanced Council Prevention CONTES Method C .cve Health OFICERS Section, Industrial I. OFICERS Smel 1932- Engiers CONTENTS Industrial Manufctres Conference Industrial Secetiocntion Section Safety Safety Culiney Prevntion Accident Engine ring its Section * For^manship by Equipment Equipment to cs CD eees North AeronauticalAeronautical Manufctres OFICERS Automotive Section Section soren terns Culiney Vice Presidnt Section Councils Section e e ......107... serin...etrnacs antecs J. Robert Warel Engier Engier AdminstSafreyion Construction Delivery TTaaxxiciacbab MachineEngiering Section Shop Section a Bus Section resn* ahve tes 455 447 at ce Cori 7MT 37 Mg 217 North HONRAY HONRAY ChicagoDete and Bus Shop HONORARY MEMBERS P MEBRS Leather Juos eo Industries cuses OFICERS wet fi sae c es : et Section. ce ee Presidnt EEE en Helmuti Helmuti Presidnt Warel Industrial Vice \ ber IREIREIRES Whitney Vice Presidnt Presidnt Coper Education ee t 3 Mangin PAGE 3B 23 aT 201 W. H J CAMERON CAMERON CAMERON Managing Managing Director Director and | . 9 3 . and Sectionand HowsanMancus Section Pulp Lewis Petroleum PLU Section Via, Section J. Sow &. Wirt, Petroleum Eanesy Pank RonrarRobert Woon Press Press Section Tuostas Utilities Section Guarecn, Section Canraon, Beacquisr, Section Rarasu, DEBiors, Cari, Doutr, 387 Fona, Daxa,MINEY, Aue, Public Refrigeration Carlin Refrigeration . Section Section Section Public Section Steam ARA NSC Section AND A, D, A. Cu Cros 1, a, ILC \, W, Dow, 8a. The Steam Railroad Railroad Cuilner Asociaton Railroad Section Consulting Safety President. Section National Lumber Section NSC United Section 435 Section and Manufacturing Manufacturing Utilties Manufacturing Lumber States Woodworking . Past Manufacturing Lumber 45 J.EdwanEdwand CuilneDrBloisDeBloiston National President, elimnate Wodworking Safety Maufcturing endavorsendeavors 455 Index.. Section eliminate Wodworking Safely Safety . jer 347 Cc. Cc. 347 8. W, 357 379 ty. Erex, Past Past Wee Utilities Ww. C. W. Bergquist Bergquist Past i C. DOULET DOULET Public Co ren, Ronear W. Cameron National W.Ronear Carlin Campbell MaCnangtieosgTorneasureR,obert Campbel DPetlaichseint RoberFtRANK Cogan Aetna Marcus Past Director Howard . 20 ay A. . 3 HELMUTH Buroughs Akron Schols no National Council polices discusion Although convetions Council discusion Although National the National Safety conventions conventions presnted COMITE HELMUTH Co.Safety responiblty which acepts discusions views discus ions NOTE Evanston R. NY not elimnate for Glatfelten Glatfelten York and Dr. Dr. Thomas Education. HELMUTH G.HanyThomas The WALTER WALTER Secrtary, Franklin Kremt . Frank Council Safety Superintednt of Shore Safety Maleable Milwaukce Company Franklin RailroadRailroad sesions the Jon separate . separte , separte 3 Corpation Council : ' ~ Jav W. ts . LorsonLorson W. i wenty i wenty Cleveland Clev land first Cleveland Safety Safety Council Congres Council CounactpiulCl. National A. National Safety R. Safety B. Safety F. Council S. Council W. Council G. W. A. Faxesr Joun Joun J. I. Was. F. M3 sauts Bercquist, Aeumala President CouncilCouncil Delawre AptiurRApti.tur MacMkouryMoury Past PresidentPrSesaifdeetnytPrCeosuindecnitl W, Bust,Bavnt,WV.JBorvn,,Boczer,Buax,Bevce, Bentrey,Dexnet,BeWcx.,Dartox,Baxs,Baxsu,Anpeax, [.. J. SastokuCol. Genral Consulting Worcestr E. PET INONE Paper Sastoku Sastoku Past Pulp President Electric Electric Past Company Company President President Brew r, American Public Jones & Liberty Western Richmond United!! Madison SafetyJn.,Aanor, St. Departmen, Petroleum Ernest L. General SistoxnStsandard New Haven President Safety Safety Council Council . UtiltiesLaughlinMutalElectricSafetySafety States County Engi cer. Div sion, Lehigh Louis DIRECTOS Jons SmitSh mitSh mith Solensten Solensten StandarEndgiering CompanySection Equipmentludian) ManufcturSesteelManufctres SectioSnectionSection Safety ValeySafety Jons Manufctres Milwauke Tolman TonePast Safety CouncilCouncil Engier EquipmMeantufactur. es Manufctures Company. . Company.Nashvile CounciLl.o Safety Council. Council. ; . Company Asociaton (1932-193) Chamber Casulty of of Comerc. Conmuerc. De. A. W. Dr. - Officers Officers Officers Directors Directors C. W. 4 James The Philadelphia Directors Lew Doult Doult The Philadelphia Philadelphia cias J. Campatis Works Philadephia cias Arur Louis H.W. Campatis Philadelphia , W. DuBLIN Eames DuBLIN Section Company Louis Cilartes DuBLIN Metropolitan Insurance Insurance T Cilartes Mtroplitan Company Blackstone Insurance Life Loastoa,Alack, Easton Armour Company Hanvey Blackstone Comeil Ellern Safety Moury, Safety Comeil Armour AL Hanvey BuroughWsesternToledo Mwenty-first A. Fixnetxn Safety Safety JielawreClevland Fisien Council Ratra Easthay Tuomas Tuwase Company Comeil TU_S CouncilIneIne FoxdaGarteats Safety York Welcome Enginer Congres Garteats Garteats Consulting TU_S W. Cosulting Council Council Co& uncil Past Past Past Pensylvania Comeil Safety Safety Past Tuostas Gesting Gesting Education Education ; CounciClo.uncil. uction Pullinan Topeka Company Graves uction M.Genieur PuliPnaulinan Santa Hamastron Hamastron . . Railway HeisrimanAtchison National Helsitu Safety North Jackson Asociation Paice and Council Association Ernest Dennett Bergquist Pastas Monon Nexay BENTLEY CouncilCouncil Denet WorcesterWorcester Safety Western Dennett Worcester Council G. War Electric W. Western Western Safety Electric Company Electric Jones InsuranceCorpationCrpoatioCnrpoation Martone, Faxe Mazsos, Thomas Moelring Safety VetoumeCinauens Laughlin Company Matix, IhewaceCouncil Section Lemon, Ronaxa Havey Bergquist Liberty Council Bergquist Leve, DavisBlankBlankBlankJones B. Comerc Lrentro,Laxuax, MoelringMoelrinMgcClintocIkndustrial Prevntio Wayne Minxecua, Ker, Jr. Laughlin Mutual Insurance Utilities Petroleuni THOMAS Divsion BrewinAmericanAmerican Petroleuni Chamber Delawre Delawre Milen Dowets,Devaux, levland Safety Asociatons Asociatons Boy Safety of Krest, Uritan Asociatons THOMAS BryantBrewin Hazelton Syracuse Council Syracuse PensylvanWiodwrkinAg . H. Elizabeth Chamber McColarMcColar Safety Works Stel Hases, Divsion Chamber Ruber RALPH Bryant Knoxvile Company Departmen Company Memphis of Comerc Company, Evanston Council Chamber Chatnoga South Caldwel Section.Comerce Cartel Chatnoga Hudson Bex Nicklix Gro Caldwel Comerce Mining Nicklix Memphis Comerce IICaAmer.on Caldwel ElectricElectric Safety Safely CouncilCompany Company LEW Comerc National Section Insurance Maleable Detroit Company Chamber FRANK Insurance Oficers COGAN FRANK COGAN Aetna . Council, Council,Council, Section, Carnegie Section Section Section Publicaton Company Launber Section, Bethlehem Railroad Council, Society Councit, BethlehmElevated Railway Section Corpation,F.dueation, Manfcturing Petrinoe Directors DawBsoostton Ceanpany, Joux CompanCyompare Railway E. American Louisvile Council Company Railway Mutual Asurance Insurance F. Bethlehem Liabilty Trafic 1. Section RB, Letras W. S. 7. J. Mater, KF. WN. W. J. W. T. W. H.W. EL KOM. Fray Jur Vo Pastos Pastos Pastos Matson Mesdels oix Mesdels oix Mesdels oix Minnesota Mesdels oix Min esota Detroit Detroit Council Council Doxa Mack, Loxe, The J, Hesry E Hesry S. M, Jones,Uritan Section Dayton Safety + Council A, Council 2 Me. Jin, J-cies Lous GB. \W. J, Fisk C New . Comerce Comerce York Fort McKeney & Safety Safety Pitt McClintock McClintock T. McKeney Industrial Acident 1, Prevntion Asociatons Asociatons Elizabeth University Ilinois Council Bs Works The South Chamber Chamber Safety Safety Sat and Col. Bex Nicklix Chatanoga Safety Safety Council GrondeGronde of Safety Valey Mfg. E. Ow x This Employes fron Co. of Carnegie The Employees Employees PALM k Employe s Bro klyn American Insurance Works Evie. Company Company Publicaton Assurance Lile Uae and Company . H. Paper Paper Council . Engier Company, Section. Citas Cilistes RebrRN K. ReberRN Providence Lr Hesky Portland nde a a 6 Twenty Congress Safety Council . ' : a . . : . "~ 3 :" z 2 tr. . :* He i _ _7 . . C. L. Ries Chicago Safety Council Dr. A. D. RiSTEEN The Travelers Insurance Company John Roaci Chemical Section Chas J. Roi Newark Safety Council TOBIAS ROTI Rochester Safety Council John Russell Jr. Construction Section G. E. SANFORD General Electric Company HENRY G. Schaffner Erie Safety Council Otto Schenk Wheeling Safety Council ROBERT L. Schmitt Metals Section . - Charles SCOTT Bureau of Safety GEN JOHN H. SHERBURNE Massachusetts Safety DR L. A. StroUDY Bethlehem Steel Company Council ERNEST L. SIMONDS New Haven Safety Council George P. Singer Reading County Safety Council OLIVER T. SKELLET Safety Division St. Paul Association Charles F. SMITH Rubber Section C. W. SMITH Standard Oil Company Indiana co E. J. SMITH Power Press Section H. S. Suit Engineering Section T. Solenstzn Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers Section E. C. Spring Lansdale Montgomery Co. Pa George R. Stephens The Safety Bureau Buffalo Chamber of Comnierce ETHELBERT Stewart Washington D. C. . . . CARL STORCK Automotive & Machine Shop Section Luctus S. SToRas United Railways & Electric Co. Alfred H. Swayne General Motors Corporation Council John H. Taylor Birmingham Safety _ Henry D. Terrt Meat Packing Tanning & Leather Industries Section Norman F. TITUS Hudson CouMn arine Satfey ty Council Arthur M. TopE Consulting Marine Engineer W. D. Tundeville San Antonio Safety Council William F. Verci Rahway Safety Council VINCENT Wakefield Kansas City Safety Council George H. Warfel Union Pacific Railroad Company ' Dr. Cassius H. Watson American Telephone & Telegraph Company HARRY M. WEBBER Illinois Bell Telephone Company Carroll V. WELLS Delivery Taxicab & Bus Section Albert C. WHITE Jr Springfield Safety Council , , 7 W. WHITE Jr. Cement Section S. E. WRITING Liberty Mutual Insurance Company A. H. Whitney National Bureau of Casualty & Surety Underwriters W. H. Winans Union Carbide & Carbon Corporation C. T. Winegar Detroit Industrial Safety Council Dr. C.-E. A. WINSLOW Yale Medical School J. M. Woltz Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company : on a Care 3 i . ~ | ; : i ae . , . . = fF . - EDEEDESS EDES EDEfSr 7 es -- th in 11 the the OU fir fir ne . det LITIC " Ne Met *T Wer rem and pre acci exar tent Si deat deat moti decre P decre effec safet 7) to p - % Thes i . aceic : - Sir ; best pc ~ .74 5 1 & hag . . site e 5 re ? ae )"*: . Hes Oe SEEaonigancesos SE SER eiyay NS Thence i a Ls exile Cet Rabe CN fae) ey genn Wd KE 9 me Ly teh WU anh ae sey t eR neste =a y ory capt tae(aA 4 Ee} : EA eee +4: ny rte bt A %: RU * e aS RaiTtUla apeaaiente i Fees zy THIS Kaas : fies eit Fon opates At, aa: 4 2 reSeed eet me ew . e a we a . 50 Twenty Congress National Safety Council a proper staff and not by some enthusiastic person who has not been trained for the work Why not use more registered nurses in the smaller plants The registered nurse is much better qualified to interpret a physician's plan of medical service than any lay attendant . ' Much depends upon the physical condition of the employees I am of the opinion that the physician by reason of his professional attainments is best qualified to handle some of the problem cases among employees Mental symptonis brought about by worry over liome affairs quite often produce accidents In many cases the fear and worry of sickness in the fainily can be greatly allayed by a talk with the doctor the nurse Many of these cases have come under my personal observation or It should also be absolutely the part of the physician to say when a man shall return to his regular employment after injury and this decision should not be in- fluenced in the slightest by its possible affect on any lost time accident contest or record These contests are proper and have brought about outstanding results in the reduction of time frequency figures However there have been cases of injured employees being urged unduly to return to some form of work p eventthe marking up of a time accident merely to Nothing should be allowed fere with the employee's welfare The physician has to inter- every motive to return the employee to his regular work as promptly as possible but his higher duty is to conserve both the physical and economic welfare of the employee as well as the employer industry The safety director has need of the medical service and the two should earnestly operate and seek to bring about a mutual feeling among the employees Both * departments are striving by all possible means to prevent economic waste chargeable to the disabilities and hazards of TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 4 1932 The delegates first attended an informal luncheon and then gathered for the after- - noon meeting in a Joint Session with the Metals Section This session to a symposium on the dust problem in industry was devoted Chairman Greenburg immediately introduced the first speaker . . oa cip . an _ =x . The Effects of Inhaled Mineral Dusts = a By LEROY U. GARDNER Director Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis Saranac Lake N. Y. As large long as men have worked in stone it has been appreciated that an unusually proportion of them suffer from disease of the lungs It was natural to that such disease would be caused by the dust generated and this belief assuni~ ened by the discovery of black grey or red pigments in the lungs was strengthsometimes panied by the formation of scar tissue . accom- pathological pictures The term pneumonokoniosis was introduced to describe the . lung pigmented in this m ofanner With further observation pathologists attempted to classify various forms pneumonokoniosis on a basis of the type of dust inhaled and such names as an- thracosis siderosis chacicosis and even byssinosis and tobaccosis made their ance It was recognized that some forms of the disease attended appear- symptoms and result in death but there was no correlation wbeerteween the clibnyicaslevaenrde and the causative dust that of all kinds of industrial dusts silica Finally statistical study demonstrated with a characteristic pathological lesion agnednecroalmlpylepxroodfucseydmaptdoefmisnite type of disease 8 cae te rs Reee : - wees ens im ere Me Fyne st - rye pepe cor the tic ativ cap ash par tiss nors spee F nodi dras~- remc frani of th Synif exce ik nates Wise, LZ a | . : atramed he ior od registere il service than - The registered registered service service than ai opinion opinion ai the opinion opinion * lified hatnodle by lified tion man u: ght and doctor doctor or . tion tion shall shall uld contest contest cident results in ing results results been merely merely Howed Howed inter- inter- a 1. e Howed return the er well well as " earnestly ' : 1 ' i t | | i H ' ; : t . : 7 ! i i + for the after- am for the wf y or rg immediately immediately . gu. haLeake, N. Y. ntnac Lake at "= mural muunursuaallly . - strength- netimes in this 3igmented igmented AF various various lein names onded le their - the nded by ty clinical 2 type By demonstrated - } : e n . Ee os : ; we en - atic . Ce - As dudustrial lfeatth Seetion 5! Torlay the clinical Industrial known i$ quite clinical entity as silicosis is one form pneumonokoniosis Today the clinical entity known silicosis one form pneumonokoniosis pneumonokoniosis pneumonokoniosis which pneumonokoniosis quite Moreover Moreover within last asbestos Just dust clearly defined Moreover produce another specific or four years symp- symp- symp- . also been shown produce differing differing in pneumonokonioss is ipneumonolkoniosis ipnecumonookonsiosiis s stil! lack definition The wide- The forms of has brought brought lack complete complete definition definition from indi- Widee spread radiography together of descriptive findings indi- indi. many kinds studies have occupational viduals exposed with pathological anatomy findings tissues tissues and and de. been correlated with industrial chemical studies studies assume assume analyses pulmonary changes atmospheres atmospheres There There tendency tendency perhaps that many many are due the action action silica silica modified the by the position - these pulmonary pulmonary changes dust We shall only perhaps speak with assur- chemical chemical components components when pure types types be their various combinations combinationsassur. have about studied in human dust various beings or experimental experimental animals For sake clarity mention mention of the infections which fre- quently complicate complicate some pneumonokoniosis the prebacteriological of free forms prebacteriological quently the use terms phthisis reflects the popular of pneumonokoniosis pneumonokoniosis " consumption miners era of names association pneumonokoniosis tuberculosis association pneumonokoniosis tuberculosis names names were justified pathological both by clinical and pathological pathological observation has may been subse- subse. tuberculosis quently shown shown that in silicosis silicosis imposed perhaps 75 per least super observers go cause death death of cases Some lungs observers previously far far to state state that that silicosis does tuberculous tuberculous infection develop develop This probably exaggeration previously exaggeration typical damaged latent be latent the produced in the experimental experimental probably inhalation inhalation silica without infection be be without The The role of animal animal excitant tuberculous tuberculous infection clear asbestos dust While there numerous infection not asbestosis asbestosis elear cut as that pure tuberculosis nevertheless numerous reports death have failed to due terminal tuberculosis tuberculosis such surveys living workers workers prevent the infection Simple demonstrate any excess anthracosis said districts do to infection progression tuberculous tuberculous infection infection Statistics coal mining mining show districts the tuberculosis tuberculosis that normal the age group corroho- corroho- 3 rated rated proof of protective action coal against tuberculous tuberculous infection infection lacking lacking the tubercle bacillus but other against tuberculous infection ~ bacteria Not only only " tissues facility silicotic previously damaged silica silica example example develop pneumonia pneumonia rate among silicotic native laborers of South under similar conditions Africa many In coal times in silicotic rate miners likewise pneumonia pneumonia pneumonia complication natives living often i ntal miners likewise Preumonia is a commion a and been said of the effects of 2 = the What WhatWhatreactionreaction of the tissues is inhaled inorganic mechanical irritation . the matter not merely accepted response the par- that ticulate ticulate Today it is generally accepted industrial injury industrial chemical nature nature only capable that certain of the cominon types silica dusts possess possess industrial properties properties exciting reaction In the cases probably probably silicate magnesium must capable the slightly alkaline body fluids effect slow solution solution must particles tissue liberating silica in colloidal probably substance substance irritates form the connective connective or sup- _ cells which respond by result an overgrowth of porting framework elements atmutlhteiplying The more delicate sup- cells specialized functions specific expense of the more delicate pathological specialized for of character For these these types of dust the silicosis the essential essential changes changes pathological carefully carefuly carefully carefully workedworkedworked tissue out out change nodules whichwhich devedloepdveveeloplop first tissue the dnroadiunleasge connective tissue which These nodules lympoid nodules tissues situated physiological of apparatus apparatus bodies and subsequently interfere interfere accumulate accumulate the the removal removal foreign bodies itself subsequently particles particles accumulate accumulate . reaction elasticity framework framework of the encroaches encroaches of of the organ functional gradually decreases normal cardinal cardinal symptom symptom of encroaches disease dyspnoca or shortness breath heart excessive amounts amounts scar formed formed the lungs develops right side the of tissue formed in the right the heart the lungs the right side of the heart . : H ifai q . Sh, 2 Ky. ie iy i! I li if ih ay . doe ae . 3% . @ p - 5) . 4 6 ie ve , A a tr : as p 5 aS: BS bef s 6 4 4 . sth (G AA AS iS y + as as a a ra je ~ : u " i the rT ie : Sth : wie o Q By 4 a Sivigreligene F hk q x stared 3 . 3, 3?) . : REFt: CE By a < Tet ts q ; Aes , 1 a * Ye 5 at a9 5) 1 ? m ae s 1 * v . y We MoE SEY poe tf A vi 1 18 as : ~ . i a3 sea oo earee rae Mb 52 Twenty Congress Sufety Council encounters increasing difficulty in forcing blood into the organs In an compensate the overworked heart muscle becomes thicker and heavier infection intervenes the time eventually arrives when the heart fails attempt to and unless from this cause and death occurs Tissue reaction The reasons for the prevalence of infection in the silicotic lung are not altogether clear It is obvious that when the drainage system is so obstructed by nodules of scar tissue that more dust particles can only be removed with difficulty the same must be true of bacteria which may be inhaled As a consequence they remain in the lung and set up progressive infections But this is not the whole story The silicotic tissue apparently offers a peculiarly favorable soil for the continued multiplication of tubercle bacilli and perhaps other hacteria Experiment has shown that tenuated organisms of this type will produce rapidly fatal tuberculosis in even at- guinea pig Furthermore inhaled silica dust will a silicotic culous focus harboring a few attenuated bacilli cause a to become existing latent tuber- The cause of this effect upon tuberculous infection has notpryoegtrebseseinveasacnedrtasipnreedadbut spirloibcaablAyssitociisatiend swoimteh wthaiys afascstoocriatised with the death of tissue caused by the toxic are stimulated by the irritating silica saon tihnactretahseesde caecltlisvitteyndoftothmeigprhaatgeocryatpeisdlwyhaincdh carry tubercle hacilli into previously uninvolved portions of the lung Ashestog dust perhaps because of its fibrous structure is not within the lung It tends to lodge along the walls of the finer tubtersanasnpdortlietdtleveorfyitfairs removed by the lymphatic drainage system solution of the fibers occurs in their immediate vicinity probably initiated by the As in the reaction consists of an overgrowth of the connective tissues case of silica this into leather scars which is later transfornied . Aluminum oxide will serve admirably as an example of a siliceous dust whinse particles are as hard and sharp as those of crystalline silica When a measured quantity of such particles 1 to 3 miera in diameter are injected into the ear vein of rabbit the majority of them come to rest in its liver and spleen There they remain apparently harniless collected in large phagocytic ceils and producing no reaction of the connective tissues for at least two years Injection of the same sized quartz particles excites the formation of same quantity of the functional elements are almost so much scar tissue that the conipletely destroyed and the organs are reduced in nodular masses of leather consistence : Carborundum the carbide of silicon when inhaled by guinea pigs for periods as long as four years likewise fails to excite significant overgrowth of the connective tissues It produces only a low grade inflammatory change with no nodules Instances such as those cited constitute the basis for believing that the cellular response to dust particles is not due to their hardness and sharpness but to chemical substances liberated by the action of the tissues upon them The for has not been proven directly for the detection of soluble silica case in the solubility technical difficulties which today are tissues offers known to be a cell poison and in unsurmountable Nevertheless this substance is of the connective tissues weak concentrations it will provoke an overgrowth does Mention should be made of the effect of inhaled coal dust 7) Most breathe in sufficient quantities of this material during an city dwellers time considerable areas of their lungs Deposits of average to pigment the course of the lymphatic drainage system grey but or black dust will be found along little or no new growth of this pigmentation is associated with but in connective tissue The coal miner's lung is much blacker most instances it also develops no deforming scars When such reaction occur analysis usually reveals appreciable amounts of silica in the lungs The of excessive quantities of carbon dust apparently influences the localization presence of erate amounts of silica so that the latter is not mod- but in streaks along lymph vessels as pure coal dweopuoslidteldocianlinzoedules as in pure silicosia Coal miners fibrosis due to relatively small amounts of silica is therefore dii- oy toy ee Se ae we eee ee te ee ee e ES ed a0 ey inti ren a = meer then re RD SP ferent i excessiv pure sil variety siliceous Finall slowly t to the ri But it is at least high con _, develop gestion trations This b attention to an inh of that d in the pu should be The I Sanitar The spe capacity 1 chemical ; the dust c One of dust inhal health haz maining er example i such as fr with tuber much less true of ce marble das little lung quartz con readily So far a for any parenchym parenchym It is known by the hun size of the With ref apparent th greater qua of the atmo as ut Cae 4 eA * i} 4 4 a. sey a pea PY Bast t {=} rae e eee Ne iy Ree af, Ye piece rh M th. A ies aM ft : fj sf; 7 {, , r 3 ENS ER * Kancil In an attempt to heavier and unless ils and death occurs at are not altogether cted by nodules of culty the same must they remain in the story The silicatie nued multiplication shown that even atculosis in a silicotic isting latent tuberressive and spread been ascertained but caused by the toxic The phagocytes which migrate rapidly and > img transported very far es and little of it is isibly initiated by the he case of silica this * is later transformed -siliceous dust whose When a measured to the ear vein of a There they remain ring no reaction of une quantity of the sear tissue that the Agans are reduced to pigs for periods as h of the connective no nodules mg that the cellular ess but to chemical de case for solubility in the tissues offers was this substance is Anke an overgrowth o Most city dwellers time to pigment a will be found alone isassociated with ring is much blacker | such reaction does lungs The presence calization of inox-ins as in pure silicosis ca is therefore dif- - spe nape e Oy ES et eRe CS ow s. ee mees e me Ae 4 Cabra y . f: oe gg ~F Nena : 3 PEt et Sj tr Ut Ouey 4] wa a ] py - Ss iC ; 3 yey es "Z. 4] Industrial Health Section 53 ferent from that of the pure quartz worker excessive the effect of the When the amount of inhaled silica is pure silicosis There is coal is negligible and the reaction approximates that in variety but there is said to be more reaction to hard coal than to the bituminous evidence to suggest that this is due to the siliceous rock which must be worked in mining anthracite coal greater amount of Finally consider the silicosis of slowly than that of the granite cutters This develops somewhat more to the relatively small pure quartz miner and it has been maintained that this is due But it is believed that amount of uncombined silica in granite 25 to 40 per cent other components of the glomerate granite at least inhibit the effects of the silica so that may neutralize or high concentrations significant reaction only after prolonged exposures to does neeur While typical silicotic nodules trations of granite 40 per cent silica for four This brief discussion of some of the years attention to the limitations of problems involved in pneunionokaniosis draws to an inhaled dust is our determined present knowledge It indicates that the reaction of that dust It emphasizes the by the chemical and probably physical composition in the pure state and in need measured to further study of different types of dust both combinations should be the neutralization of the toxic The ultimate aim of such a study action of such dangerous substances as silica The Dust Content of the Atmosphere in Various Dusty Industries By J. J. BLOOMFIELD : demonstration Sanitary Engineer United States Public Health Service Washington D. C. The speaker said in part The properties of a capacity to produce pulinonary pathology a given dust which determine its the chemical and mineralogical are nature of the dust that is its the dust dispersal in the atcmoomsppohseirteion its particle size and finally the quantity of One of the outstanding results of the last 20 dust inhalation is the years of research in the field of health hazards associated with of the fact that in general the degree of the inhalation of any dust all other factors maining constant is dependent upon the mineralogical example it is now well established that the inhalaticoonmpoofsition of the dust re- For such as granite dust will in time produce fibrosis of the certain types of dust with tuberculosis In other cases exposure to dust lungs at times associated much less fibrosis without notable may result in the production of tendency toward subsequent tuberculosis this is true of cement dust And finally there are certain marble dust which in the types of dust as typified quantities and lengths of by little lung fibrosis In general it has been found exposure that so far observed produce quartz content are the ones which produce those dusts which are high in readily a disabling fibrosis of the lungs most particles inhaled where So far as the size of the dust particle is : for any given dust to produce injury to concerned it is apparent that the in order parenchyma of the lung the site lungs it must gain access to the It is known that not all of the harmful effects of the dust take by the human lung the of dust gain access or are retpalianceed apparent that thtehe quantity of dust present in the air of a when dust concentration is high the workroom it is greater quantity in given period of time than he exposed will person will inhale of the atmosphere is relatively low and since the when the dust concentration rate of production of the fibrosis . ave (i eH tgiaed x) fy <4 Gs @ 3 0 k ,D s i 3 tye . be } i x a, e : (% : i i 3 e : : , ab 7e.) . > 4 : cas * ipo | g RE ae if Sfyest)t ey) x 4 th Ratt: ri M : What 3 si Torey e Ga,Stre ws Vindane bkre scat - 4, ow e rt Ai TY IE oon Mitfay ed Rr inal Melita bo corns. noeory Ge e e. 2 eo AOS Ure eme '. 2 7H eeton 8 cH Some.aus ay wer Md a ek, ete ee Sete cafeme. 10m eOT, eee we t ee : we. r es bee em e " Avy K Ne$e wi 7 Bt3}oe 54 Twenty Congress Safety Council is partially dependent plays an upon important role in the rate in which the dust is inhaled this latter item Hence the need for the predicting evaluation the relative danger of different environinents of the quantity of dust in the industrial phere is obvious atmos- Research on the problem of industrial dust inhalation has their fibrosis producing qualities are indicated that so far as groups 1 those concerned dusts may be divided into three composed completely of combined silica that is as pure asbestos 2 those containing free silica in the silicates such quartz granite contains crystalline form known as taining free silica in approximately 35 per cent of quartz and 3 dust it has been found thaatcrtyhesthaalrlmfiunlenefsosrm such as diatomaceous earth con- In general proportion to its quartz of a quartz containing dust is in direct content For this reason in harmfulness of a dust it is of the attempting to evaluate the eralogical composition utmost importance to ascertain its exact min- . It has been our experience that to determine composition of a dust one should accurately the exact mineralocical - analysis By no other method resort have to a combined chemical and petrographie of quartz present in given we found it possible to determine the amount dealing with a mixture of sample In certain instances such as when one is mine the amount of quartz and pure potash feldspar it is possible to deter- However quartz present in stich dust merely by a most dusts which come into question are mixtures of chemical analysis Take granite for example The average granite is made quartz and silicates erals in about the following proportions feldspar 60 up chiefly of three min- and mica 15 per cent Chemical analysis shows that per cent this quartz 30 per cent 70 per cent of silien Of this 70 per cent 30 average granite contains silica and the other 40 per cent is per cent is present as quartz free bination with the other minerals present that make as combined silica in chemical com . these proportions only with the aid of the up granite is possible to determine We find in practice that petrographic microscope breathing level of the samples of dust settled out of the asmiosphere at the determinations worker serve admirably for both chemical and Tahle 1 presents the quartz content of dusts obtainedminienravlaorgiiocuasl industries which we have studied t TABLE 1 Percentagoef Quartz Present in Various Industrial Dusts Kind of Dust Percentage of Quartz foundry Rock drilling dust bituminous coal mine Granite cutting dust ... eavennsees . Rock drilling dust eeseceesseserie ene, anthracite coal Brass dust mine ..cceceeee eee eee cscs Dust from raw mills in cement plant Slate mill dust Vermont red s pl la at nt e. Silverware polishing dust . 54.0 35.2 31.0 19,0 6.5 . 3.0 Bituminous Anthracite coal coal sseeescceseenseacerces dust ces ceccusecesasecens dust Oe ere teeceeescecessess 1.7 1.3 12 Slate mill dust Vermont green slate Tale mill dust cc ccesesseses ee ec trace Marble cutting dust easeeeecescctesecee sce, we esnee none se. eee eseeeeeererer ences cee, ---- ---- It is evident from this table that rock industry and certain occupations in the drilling occupations in the coal mining dries would be in the hazardous class granite cutting industry and in brass foun- the atmospheric dust as judged by the proportions of quartz in . aad . \ + . oe a . : 3 , 5 ... ... ... fe 4. It has b microns in larger part greater tha lower sizes trate to the ourselves w mension In order access to th in the dust may be obta instrument pheric dust . slip may the In another : tion the pa means of a measurements may be grou curve is easil As pointed atmosphere is the injury wi From the : quantitative i: - M^fizerange of m= ] requiring car will depend " the refractive observer W industrial hyp the dust conte and certain :. This differenc half and + such normal - mination the : in ali air So far as ! by the South dimension are size limit of r who examineu silicotic lung i and about 36 majority of th The median si in comparing ' ticles measured mills found by Nawrogordat In connection nificance the ic or indirect of . f t : vt ESF| stindl ! this latter item ent environinents industrial atmos- sed that so far as Hivided into three ' is silicates such - form known as nd 3 dust con- arth In general iust is in direct to evaluate the in its exact min- saet mineralogical and petrographie raine the amount as when one is nossible to deter- . chemical analysis nrtz and silicates Ay of three minPartz 30 per cent * granite contains 1 as quartz free _ chemical comble to determine mosphere at the and mineralogical tained in various Lusts -zentage of Quartz 54.0 . 35.2 131.0 19.0 6.5 3.0 1.7 1.5 12 1.0 trace none none - = the coal mining val in brass fountions of quartz in __= . Industrial Health Section 55 sizes comparatively It has been demonstrated that microus in longest dimension particles of dust of a size greater than 10 are very seldom found in the lungs This to 12 larger particles is partly due to the fact that the absence of greater - than ten microns in size present in industrial numbers of such particles lower small furthermore these air is as compared with the trate to the terminal portions of the larger particles do not pene- ourselves with those dust particles rtheastpiratory tract Hence we need only concern mension are less than ten microns in longest di- In order to ascertain whether access to the lungs it is necessaryortonoktnoawn industrial dust is capable of gaining something of the size of in the dust under consideration In practice the the particles may be obtained by the use of the Owens samples jet dust for particle size studies instrument over other devices is that the counter The advantage of this pheric dust in unaltered condition directly onOwens microscope slip may then be properly mounted apparatus projects the atmoscover This microphotograph In another method a and examined by any one of several metcohvoedrs- of the dust is made tion the particles revealed on an enlarged print at a high magnifica- means of a millimeter scale No matter which or screen may be measured by measurements the results may be treated in the method one uses for particle may be grouped in classes customary manner particles curve is easily obtained according to size from which a ; percentage distribution As pointed out earlier a knowledge atmosphere is very important since of the quantity of dust dispersed in the the injury will be dependent with any given dust the rate of production of Aqualitative From the practical upon the total quantity inhaled Aqualitative index hygienic viewpoint the particle count is pollution at present the best size range of the particles which should be The decision to the requiring careful consideration included in the dust count is a Obviously the question will depend on the magnification and size of the smallest visible particle the refractive properties of the dust type of illumination used in the microscope . A industrial observer We must bear in mind and to some extent on the visual acuity of the that our chief interest in this problem is in the dust hygienic aspect Primarily we are interested in the content in the ordinary normal differentiating between and certain industrial dusts which atmospheres not yet known to be harmful This difference is sharply marked are known to be associated with lung damage half and ten microns in so far as the dust particles between diameter approximately such normal and abnormal air is are masked concerned but the difference between mination the particles of and lost when we include in our deter- in all air microscopic size which are present in vast numbers So far as the upper limit of demonstrated by the South African studies particle size is concerned it has been dimension that particles greater than ten size limit are of as a rule of neeligible importance The data microns in longest who potentially . examined hazardous dust is not so conclusive concerning the lower Moir of South microscopically 120 dust particles obtained from Africa two silicotic lung found that only 13 and about 36 per cent of the particles were less specimens of majority of per the cent of the particles were less than one micron than in 0.5 microns The median particles size 60 per cent were between one and three diameter The of the dust was found to be 12 microns in microns in size in comparing the size ticles frequency of the particles diameter Drinker mills measured by him of the dust found in measured the by Moir with the par- found a close correspondence sputum of men employed in ore by Navrogordato These findings have also been corroborated In connection with the lower limit of nificance the following pertinent particle size of dust of pathological sig- or indirect of the question arises retention of Aside from the evidence direct minute particles of dust by the lungs what ae Dee eet ~ITete gaa fore Sor : ie ay ee ew 2STorbdony, e ame padhen care, = ew Pe 7% ae = taewrmeee = ua wats[Nh wee me yp ae Cn e. em ote sey Soe eT ete i te . eeax o. og 7 . se m, sthaere n Be. eyOst me Some Mee oe me wet C8 Twenty firstC,ONG S$ aNtional Safety Conneit Average Duse Counts jn Certain - ; - Dusty Trades Average and Occupation . Dus Average ~ e exposurTO Average Average Industry Industry millions per Per cent of Occupation Occupation ; particles quartz quartz quartz in Industry Prekers Urillers dust Milling LST SOReRaaRREa TTT per Mining Milling Milling ae Pte ee eee Bee 2,160 None ey Bmw * 2,160 None $50 Packers Packers Mills: 45 None 14 None Crushermen MilMills ls Mills : ee 1.398 1276 312 None 3 3 3 3... Mill Mill Laborers Jack 7: Quarrying and Leyner , drillers drillers finishers, Hand drillers reumaie finishers finishers 0.7" Te 173 & 55 Ig 112 59 9 9 99 7) 35 35 a5 reumaieftoionlishers Machine pneumatic Plue drillers labor Attendant Coal Mining Anthracite helpers Miners Attendant labor eee, 7 " Soon eee, a ii rn ee ee a ae Bituminous Bituminous Mining Mining Bituminous cutters . Marble and Attendant Marble Marble labor labor eee, Manufacturing Manufcturing eeaes, oe Carders Carders Weavers spinners Silverware Manufacturing Silverware trades Dusty trades a re evidence evidence is there evidence evidence into that appreciable minute percentages fragment fragment fragment sizes sizes data question would would be of actual f microns microns measurement measurement 7] 37 17 232 31 ' + J3 9 IGN 5 2 diameter frequency 33 as 35 3s 15 1.5 1.5 1,2 1,2 1.2 None None Nenie 1.7 1? 17 ever dust Lin- Lin- City reported reported findings was less than micron micron on three samples samples showed the the to vary vary per cent of Ust in dust these hard rock Badham Badham d studying studying drilling operations betweenbetween operations was and hazard dust hazard betwen sandstone workers workers microns in the 16,000 aniong sandstone of work t 67 that 67 per centof particles were were micron about size In a these were abour | 1 air of work pl Micron in size, Aes and foun In @ particle Size Stud mag Spea Onl: than Dan Fr contr betw. limit meth, of di biel: finds Heal: being Duhazar sumn indust mines. indust grinds tries | Most | Su Tey in the More ard. os, lead. a their known The . on Mline ... pl pl gri. is to . mat pi Stran has er: Tt ig Pas mi: - Strars eee, apd Daihend Mier a Te hat PIN pips % a oe aay wei a o Era abaitneeseaed ase alae o ; or 5) 0 Sa SEP OVE eens: Saute wil . re . te nt . Average per cent of quartz in dust None None None None None 333 333 333 3 18 282 2 2 18 282 2 2 18 282 2 2 18828222222 18828222222 18828222222 1828222 18828222222 18 282 2 2 1.5 1.5 I.S 1.2 1.2 1.2 None None None None 1.7 - 1.7 1.7 ial dusts ter The uch dust ever best Un- tuency of dusts me particle size Trilling in New stowed the dust . Most -microns of the -microns in size Sydney Aus- aces aces and found a particle size i [ ! t : i ' , | ! | ' | t i i : ' I ; H j ; ; eegl Industrial Health Section 57 micrometer particles study of twenty samples made by the filar of eleven method different kinds of aerial industrial dusts speaker found that at a magnification of 1,000 practically all of the dust diameters the Only 2 per cent of the than 1 micron and the were less was less than 5 microns in size than 0.5 microns 21 per cent and 3 microns in ' majority of the dust 71 were less per cent was found to be between diaineter From all of the evidence therefore and in in the absence of conclusive proof to the contrary it is apparent that we need only be between half and 5 concerned with those dust limit of microns in size and from a practical particles particle size to be counted may well be taken standpoint the lower methods have been devised and used for the at about 1 micron Many of dust in air Suffice it to say that for purpose the of determining the quantity high or low dust concentrations the purpose of dust sampling in either Greenburg finds universal favor This instrument has been impinger apparatus now Health Service in all of its dust studies used by the United States Public being used by other workers in this field during in the past nine years and is also During the past nine years the this country and abroad writer hazard in many industrial has inade numerous investigations of summary is establishments throughout the presented of the average dust content of the aircoiun natrfyew Ionf Table dust 2. 1 industries This table clearly shows that the mines slate highest dust exposure these dusty finishing mills quartz grinding plant coal was in the tale industries Owing to the high percentage of mining and granite cutting grinding and granite cutting plants as quartz compared present in the dust of the quartz tries listed in Table 2 quartz grinding and with the dust in the other indus- most hazardous of the granite cutting are revealed to be the we have studied oe arig papers occupations studied -. papers Clinical Pe : . : 32 Stapatpiesrtsical Aspects Clinical and Aspects of Silicosis_ Silicosis_ By ALBERT E. RUSSELL M. F. A. P. : | ! . | 5 rwy a Rence: Tet Te . y. . t ' i b 4 . s 1 alH] conditions Surgeon U. S. Public Health Service Surgeon U. S. Bureau of Mines Washington D. C. It would be difficult to estimate with in the United States who are any degree of accuracy the number ni peuple more people are exposed to engaged in dusty trades It is evident however that ard than is generally dust which constitutes the greatest single industrial haz lead arsenic supposed Certain dusts mercury etc. which give contain poisonous elements such as their absorption This paper however rise to general resulting from known to be direct factors in the productiwoinllofdepaullmoonnlayrywidtihsetahsoesse dusts which are eft te sf iF ! he weep int aiek vii Economic Aspects of Silicosis The economic problem presented by silicosis is _ loss of life due to it cannot be adequately measured trInemendous The suffering and Johannesburg South Africa during the the gold mining area around dollars have been paid in period 1911 to 19291929 more than 53 million proceedings ization and legal compensation alone further The costs ni medical care hospital- Mines in Australia augment this this enormous figure are reported to have been bankrunter by payment of compensation I know of a company in our own siliensis ing to more than a million dollars for country which has claims amount- other plants in the East which disability due to dust inhalation There against them are allowed In will be hankrupted if all the claims which are are filerl has greatly increased in recentmost of the industrial states the number of claims filed years It is clear that prevention promoting pay many times in work like any money good health and emcient operation activity would Strangely enough only during the past 25 years has dust received much attention , ky j Seas ie ESS c+ os am moneot Ries we vomnerT ots ey4 bas] ao . steno ae oe Tafpra 3 et ay OR Hs Bram oh aS \ } bya Hd [Rates rl p o ait . wy Ee Like eth alee SALI A eo at lba a *] f Mas aah fe Pesays Efe aly = +3 pt. 4 : ad. i, LF . ae iat) rreees oat Dtef. PETROL iv. . i - Sipe ost TetNe Va , & Sok ~ a ~. Yi ped GES reek? MASTS Foca 7-3 rapes bs: Cae Bay Bt: ~ ae Ty 1 at Sas . Se SeleahNg cy wetuberculosis gold mines commonj investigative investigave work fe: fee4valuable y fa s*sts Ta dusty information ry . lungs " It aes tae wy ot t an ASS t : ales fs SH ise ROA as ae ee oa ~~ ei ae x 7 FIR FE per APES APT g es Peavey ee bees " EUECee LA oe aHeALE prabmaint Oe lea aly, Rese BRS a bene aarst ha ng adh wee Pta a ep SER sept OaReOaPEaNe wes *< Af NAS 8 So Set FeO pee, Cag Fantes Porn ae n teee ro 3 are te e en.ae ew ah eom theummations suppsulpeplmeemenntteedd with eee of the International Silicosis Sees discise the conveniently International Silicosis pA iy tay: quantity commensurate with the clinical Vie ecee quantity quantity ze Del vertiep|attquantity TanceTi quantity uptoms ss, refereferrabl abl S3 E Tryascoammensurreastpeira the the clinical clinical clinical and respira and Ps, SNe Cnty: clinical espiratory Pad eS ce eo isha oy There m Sef10 eres 10 at & lew ya eS Keate reSev re TT pntieken ameha ST er ree aenwreety nevr we ae geJOU_ me surewt Se ee We we : aa te apearances appearances stages 3 degree altering Dy Se, ny eS Sere. 2 ts Y measu following following following oe usuall Led2g isousual nusual %o ino ar as EASY NS net FS RS * Nee an Toomer Le a * ISA ibe ee NpsQeeeattneeds SCTRCA ALOT eet SA We eh PP ray M Nal ants, are Se*g. ra , Mateed fag SNe: on bs ee A feat deepal Seve tea . hn eae rect yay Ast: 2 ^' = ) i; e. * ad eS. Phebe fy 4) ta 2M; Polias:fe < aeBs z th tfe | Ea by Pf] t 4 arat .TU of tramgeinral ttraumitrur silcosi silicosisislicosis through general through > Fs to parti parti be sught out vesicular wy ot eee tuberculosi have tuberculosis when cajerience cajerience developed disease prolonged developedprolonged prolonged symptoms .co .comm complaints frequently complaint cough pprreseesnteend ted great . d ihe sar, Nay wf ae) Sass AweS iy; et BEEeVeno hake 7) Cos,iWeg are154 a ceahwf nl) piesAeBir -? a0, 3 onde | a4 7 io} eifath it PA ATe 4G # ssan38 , "EOSoe ve} * 43 iops a xf are buds bath battent Fo ge WT Re Nee tag a ER OS e y es = _- Gn eee i, ;CirceMg gd 3 "os Aw Bes study those history history of history those the Se RT we ery . PY iPad ee TE Cn I . P. OR ary x, te me hap he , A ee ee tes. al Bel reba le Sad the wet 8 Ad ! Se FF de Kamefietagsdt OESOy gist WwW,DOT mek,Dosen oy we xy costpeau td we Swe pe OdeMie, ee tone Oak employeed mployed ws aes eat wo A fF soe 28, 1000 A rage 3 RET Protection Protection ee Protection of the Worker Worker THEODOREHATCH Sal BY THEODORE THEODORE Sambition tor) Parr 2 ie& i") : fern a iE ee eT Revie Ae * pon some processes and processes pas TsaF %. aOS tit x : 2 dalle ne sak eas dan y a gece mee iQtr tiaed a 4 te pikesL: ae, abla +e cedOey hee : . hake oe . tye 1 SetdMe E . wer oeeeme te se -22 ek say AGS Shaneet . tm weene ~ oe ae tw wy eeeet Bo oe ae a MNhastens cg#Ye aees Oia ND oN ' APetfs r - Se try rev| ig Sw mike te ew.eae ae Ve VAS nu: 4 Li dl tec si er ahFa Pe Bo cleo toSy *N) BP pre) wa e and , BRT at haart ape and , ee H sos eC single determining determining determining Ro iad a4 ae negative mal aaa} MethodsMethods ? i Cheat ys Methods peed oN, Suerte yf" ses 6ee,7ae ot ; Protecting Protecting Protecting SAGs Feep, Pun Oa oo =o A t2 u ee atDeh r as a," s thoseus BBR es AW aon tome ahs beaksa Sd ate 2 kee : es pay BSG <f452 bs *, : an ar: a: oi ory geet!2, 2 ty , je metet ls =, tevy aces} se vars as = 0 be 5 1%: Se ka, tan PPM, we, tee 6Afa yee Pittsburgh filtering efficiency resistance plug performing inadequate + t s. 7aa ry tee oA Apel eet vis ot of Gy amy ) 5 fe method . ae A per) - tirrtehoas 4g Si xy fee hal1,. he IR gee tl a Ore Nha 5; . : ~ 7 . ae it a 3 MONG: saat : 5 no Wa Schedule Burea ShBoaturea ey istry i nc8y 70 ze 5 . : . ts Ne . Recus Recus + Jar 6.. by outfit KY tf 3tested 4 with rt. o ea, Yate tite ie AVE a , a5 . f ne ar BY Aye . sos ns 4 fs): Sel eee 158; NCES Apert adcatod | 3 crstup stew des . ; . fees Treasury whol y whollyumcessary work do do to work do a such : work on such work A such work : * : or oh, gts) epfs easy aor HO be tee D ry c Ly, Says wet or > CK oud ne. AgiectCl te romat em coe SerSh eteeg bec many Workers theme and have has It havehave have had ie orkers presence orkers to yee 23 reactions transmissible UpB presence Peta silica fe Professor protection tl by ENS 2 ELES Noe ae oitees as ot ty ; be! waOBreerrype moe a is eres ae a ey Sea Dass 2 a ws kts. o , te weet, we tan um ose owe Cinta AE? oc<rR industries laboratories well will maskSmoothrespwiillrnoa t wtoro k srharp test also out much concerned the filtebecromes Fara) St tty. Pa be. t < 2a Sa ENED tes es 8. dust ra trary: available answer if raavaileavblesapiilra"abtloer respirator whreersepiratorwork intermittent a TEAS . SESSION Pr 4 a October October October AFTERNOON AFTERNOON AFTERNOON and were session sneid + ncil them with the ncil tive them with the ring them with the equipment equipment can be members the her members members the department They between companies companies ie between companies companies > by including including such ee cy, Newark rein cy Newark wyNewark Hy State Compensation Compensation His connection He hem Se re, the nest fenree Sows: ewe llows llows Poyttires rive llows requires rive "td uly perationt perationt ene 8 perationt sc little is caufel ma exist ot ate Tepsiey pre. *. it Inquiry 2 Safety Engineer coal or playlet depicting + characters. were the Rubber Rubber a ey Se pe. ye sme QO tee +: Cateye Cnty denne ads ome he oO af TIPENTY LF rR Sr ANNUAL CONGRESS FIRST SAFETY SAFETY CONGRESS CONGRESS DR, gSdb 4 1, ey Safety Section Steam Railroad Section N.S.C. A Section Officers 1931-32 Cheirmenmct, Chairman T. Bartzy, Section Safety Agent Oregon BAILEY Chief Safety Agent Line Railroad Railroad Chairman Chairman HILL Oregon New General York Central Lines Lines. Second Vice Chairman General Supervisor Supervisor Great Northern Railway Railway ___ (NOTE: The following pages contain NOTE NOTE The following pages contain condensed condensed Steam abstract the records published the the sessions sessions of Sciety Section Association Railroad Section a as published published in full the American American Railway Railway Association AsociationSection Washington booklet booklet entitled Proceedings ) the * Washington C. October October 6 1932. 1932. TUESDAY MORNING SESSION October 1932 1932 The sessions of the Safety Section The sessions Safety Council American convened the Railway Washington Chairman Section Section National National Safety Agent Oregon the Hotel Washington City Utah T. Bailey invecation was given by Short L. G. Line Railroad & Ohio Railway Railway Bentley Chesapeake Ohio Ohio Railway Report of Committee on Relations with National Safety Council . By ROBERT SCOTT Director Insurance and Safety Atlantic Coast Railroad Mr. Scott said said Line reporting satisfactory part Your committee finds pleasure ordinating progress has been made in the direction effort ordinating work of ebnotdh esnedctitohnats with the view view avoiding duplication of effoertxpense and to of end The cause cause safety might be Railroad and Safety Council Council , was was annual held meeting meeting the Steam Railroad Safety Philadelphia Railway Association Philadelphia October 1913 session in Boston Section September the American held held first functioning properly and well ever September 1921. Both of of sections have been functioning since came into existence existence and have been powerful force was held reduction reduction of avoidable avoidable present present On September September 1931. 1931. meeting relations and in officers Chicago which there meeting members members of committer committer relations and officers both sections At this present 405 of hoth sections, At this meeting 405 Nee ASHES Ca apa wae ee aia cams oatee en ne wame ow ee eae we eed Qe m te m a car warms Ser ewrs ve ese eeuan te teee tomy a eee et ene ao Cert cme . 412 Twenty Congress Safety Council in the stress of economy it has been and dark because the economic necessary drastically to restrict all expenditures depression kept our backs and shoulders bowed to the storm which has raged around but during all this Safety Section have carried the banners of stress you gentlemen of the shock troops have been saiety and safety first flying and your While there have been supporting and defending them and there has been no up ups in other directions there has been safety movement even with your depleted forces no up in this Now as we approach the crest of the hill the our ears froin the throats of thousands whose for safety I see the light growing clearer slogan 33 by '33 floats down to lives have been spared by the drive back our shoulders I ahead and as we lift our heads and throw slope stretching stoee thae smoother broader lighter pathway with more moderate away green meadows above The storm clouds are the warm rays of the economic sun are breaking are nearing their end - gradually coming through doubt and despair te TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 4 1932 Report of C, ommittee on Prevention of Highway Crossing . Accidents By H. A. ROWE Manager Department Delaware Lackawanna & Western - Manager Manager New York City Railroad 4.100 The speaker said in part The Committee is again grati^-olto be able a further reduction of grade crossing accidents fatalities and to announce compared with 193 Thus we have had three consecutive years innjiurpireosgrienss19i3n1 tahes curbing of crossing crashes the records being as follows killed 1.S11 injured 2657 1930 1931. total accidents 1939 there was a slight reduction accidents 53 killed 2020 injured 5.517 and in The year 1928 was the peak year in railroad crossing fatalities since which the reduction of such fatalities has been 757 time more killed than in 1922 when the careful per year the 1931 record being but on The outstanding accomplishment of crossing campaign was inaugurateil crossing accident reduction can be better grasped when we note that niotor vehicle fatalities on streets and highways in 1922 13.676 but in 1931 there was an increase of 18.013 deaths or 139 were this same year period there was an increase of but one death eint Daring A very important feature of the at railroad crossines campaign which has continued to enlicstomtmhiettienteerwesotrkandhacsoobpeeernattihone ocfareful crossing zations and the general public many organiThis has been furthered hy general regular posters initiated for this special cainpaien and other literature publicity the During the past year the National Safety Council has been active in its campaign for the prevention of accidents and in its May 1932. issue of educational the Safety Netes contributed a most useful and illuminating frontispiece accident situation was stressed in the National The crossing respects the National same issue of the Netes and in many other prevention of crossing SaacfceitdyentCsouncil has shown deep interest in cooperating in the Opportunity is presented for a fuller enjoyment of the facilities offered by the 41 Community Safety Commeils associated with the National Safety Council tireiy 30 Councils reach 803.000 school children throuch 3.141 Collec safety representatives cooperating with such local Counciis meetings have Railroad timity of extending the gospel of careful an excellent oppor hold vast numibers of other meetings and shcoruolsdsibneg roevgearrderdailarsoafderstilTe hseosiel Councils ae 7 the had kin tha Beet haz I Wor k Ran " ploy very exp iur safe We c the railr hu 7 is y NER l NS oii $,. Me r; 6. 4 a Ky IB; N Aes HORSE RELL L) ny ie HfEA She, eaoef PRS) p 6 hearth bald uel os neil idual idual Safety Section, R.A SteaKmuilroud N.S.C. 417 4i7 A.R.d. Railroad SESSION MORNING MORNING SESSION " years of railroad . into Ohio Railroad Railroad + Ohio Railroad railroad years years railroad tion to safety into inherently inherently inherently safe self not need tomistic tomistic and who outine service service fem, 1 outine service home Report of Committee on Service Accidents Accidents Committee on Service By Railway The speaker Superintendent Superintendent Superintendent G. PHILLIPS PHILLIPS Railway of Safety Safety The our 5.099 fatalities and 35.656 per- per. - wild say mental occurred to work duties mental )not become become easily mg important to face cent the anes. per we have. hers that hers problem have cnet therefore sale anything anything occurring wna king employees employees injuries safe and the things son nt They seem to . ipless ipless nt nt efforts vy afety campaigner * the xork ss 8 one +e a, ions eme accidents occurred what duty occurred ployees known train occurred train service accidents . injuWre ies therefore therefore thatoccaurrred e in service saying that the prevention justified problem confronting prevention train train service accidents accidents around problem confronting today today, Under the heading heading coupling railroads uncoupling or locomotives locomotives were killed uncoupling uncoupling be compared 1931 12 persons when and persons persons injured This year compared the year 1930 when when wperee rpesrsonos nperssons were killed killed and injured fatalities 35 1pe9r31 therefore cent the number number cent in the number number injuraineds fatalities may be compared further the record for 1920 when were fatalities and 2,450 further this cause cause The pymcipal reason injuries for injuries under heading heading due stepping stepping between moving moving personal usually time when coupling to employees be made made determine determine knuckle usually fully opened coupling knuckle uncoupling lever with adiust adiulsotcalocationtion of about couplers . or adjust coupling coupling perhaps due result result they tripping tripping falling falling ram Railroad eTar.en 1931 ied* practices practices practice for each between the the unsafe fatalists employees from from going the moving cars when nearing that employees employees employees to see rule is understood by them and the fatalists 2A enforced that a elf ahlem intensive intensive see the heading coupling or tvevely intensive Under Under and heading persons uncoupling air be injured compared with with record record iself censored myself which may injured The increase of for Pia Live censored because rseis type service the 1930 number fatalities is decidedly The record slows splowes r cent for of the number cent cent the regrettable principal cause deercase deercase in number of of ifto in about of under head head due to their injuries The themselves by performing employee injuries injuries in accordance with the rules failure to protect themselves by performing al possibility in remedy remedy this class of employed rests a 4 H eristics eristics Generally full full complete enforcement of accidents signal rule which is i 5 ttul thoughts are railroads the blue improve uniform this blue signal n ake all a hhis sful individual as efficient efficient managements possible should improve govern the so n akesignal all $0 so as make The rule should where placing the purpose blue signal je -wady response from signal signal make to sure that it in location where serve who the best purpose Where en signal gine train engine and trainmen trainmen might might guided guided it without " ady ady response signal coupled onto cars should permit are perivening perivening this work place blue 9 where reach Selongs his protection they should cars might themselves themselves into without notifying an . the reach reach him unexpected movement movement of cause accident accident without without notifying t @ he success the the engine man fireman so to fully protecter protecter werefirst notifying an " Under Under operating operating hand hand brakes 18 fatalities operating * He He supervising supervising heading and anadnd persons injured compared with record record decrease elf. , Were were killed and injured The injured year 1931 shows decrease of decrease per cent - The Year 1931 shows 31 per wersons a dverease of 31 fer cent in Vise. Aut SUP ae ve hec q 1 fant, t . 4} BNE 33) anesty in f Y re tion aid a8 oe : se ex, eit ; 5 SPOT sf, } dies rj u eet doy i> ; by ; fe) \ pane Be e< e+e "6 SP are f sea BOY ERS  cil that in the vards e from 1.500 to ugh our 38 main thout one dollar's a damage of only to my mind has . ncerning railroads of puhlic other industry can ovement has been to invite lawyers of life to attend ave had those men You were doing in * on generally in a eau of Safety Commission accident investigammission How- rlooked and which not only to the diate cause of an him develop the mently occurs and iea of impressing ccurrence of acci- accidents however by competent in- of a similar char~ for the principal what disciplinary There the matter important side of a view to profiting the right direction mrned is on the joh General officers 1 Federal Commis- sness of what has are learned that sequence so far as ,,is no commotion . although the small an accident should of called major - e ew ae went tes. 80g: PS eas Oye 1O et ee ee i n meaetoy, a tl Prehat & Cre ear Safety Section A.R.A. Railroad Section N.S.C. 423 which It may be argued that no one has time and painstaking investigation but the to dignify minor accidents by careful are investigated carefully and with answer sufficient to any such argument is that if they lying condition or situation thoroughness to bring out any unider- will not be very many to may exist investigate and the time soon will come when there of major accidents will decrease just as we may rest assured that the occurrence more all employees involved rapidly as do the minor accidents Further- disastrous accident important wairtenesasveasilaabrlee offotrenquestioning whereas in the more Railroad casualties have been decreasing permanently silent for immediate trend is I cannot pretend to years although just what the they will continue to decrease but say you may rest assured however that only if all accidents are treated with the im portance they deserve this humanitarian As to the steps to be followed by the varions They all have work the these must be worked out for each individual railroads in believe that same object in view the saving of life and limb anordganization anything can impress itself to any better I do not advantage the file of railroad workers in the way of accident on rank and gation of the minor accident regardless of its prevention than to have the investi- takingly handled as the investigation of character as thoroughly and pains- the major accident obviously would the major accident The investigation of developed and more evidence of take more time because of more facts to he one from the question of volume there kind or another to be considered but aside tion itself The result to be would appear to be no difference in the investiga- dling it in the same manner accomplished is the same in each and only by han- can those results be best attained WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 5 1932 Value of Safe Practices Committees By F. HARTENSTIEN accidents Assistant to General Manager Lehigh Valley Railroad The speaker said in part In the railroaris it becomes our efforts to reduce the number of casualties natural for us to analyze their causes and if on ways and means to prevent repetition After a careful possible adopt considering that 75 per cent or more of the the study injuries that of this subject and result of unsafe practices it occur on the railroads are safety organization that is appears to be in order to make a change in adaptable or more in keeping with the our responsible for producing pectation that satisfactory safety records causes which are With the committees a change will in the name of safety committees to that of hope and ex- be conducive of better results it is saie practices of the Section that such eltange be made recommended . to the members The chance is are dependable recommended for the purpose of inspiring careful safety workers to caution their employees who doing anything that is liable to workers when they observe them instill in the minds of result in personal injury Also to more majority of personal committees and other employees that the clearly injuries on the railroad are from causes of the and their discontinuance will be a large unnecessarily taking citances gling to make by end of the contribution to the goal that we are strug- If it is decided to change the year 1933 observed reporting unsafe conditions name of committees it should be imilerstood that un railroad property must not be continued ibnjuurites a careful analysis of the records indicate that dis- occur from defects and a very small percentage suggested should direct the attention of unfavorable conditions and the change .for the majority of railroad officers and employees to the real reas~-n rs > et] : aren Cad wte ni,f41M%e her,^' Z '* wey. 75 to") Ls roks.ryhe oe ty fot , nahind = tL . pe eee Bien el Se E et=. woes, 22 eld 2 Fe sf : + ; oe Ld: it}, whe cfs cuefe at ae , wt! Re ay, a+e8, ZANE rics af i RON mir Me usgeest | io Be Te HKG Pores il aes ORE ee by ee Bes eal i <achs HSA at ek ARS fee? rns 5 meat hy As Rls. s ee A Vy we, ffx Ni id tel. ; a J SoM , . ge: s 12 i [sh stil th i ay 7 pla pas Aa RS Nf q H - Ve a a 428 Tiventy-first C.National Council Council 428 a train, Twenty the first go Congress the running board if a trainman may over the running board if get on top of train trainman may over pass signals necessary get top the train extinguish extinguish fire signals anything anything should should develop work cannot the running board fix and such such work work ton of on the cannot between MORNING SESSION MORNING 1932 1932 - Power October Maintenance Maintenance Way Work Work Maintenance Maintenance ADAMS tM hepmossseile bvleeos arwn uittohmobile precautions System ihesat branch spotting Engineer, LEM Way Union Pacific The Engineer Engineer Maintenance System The Maintenance Maintenance maintenance way * Thespeakconsteantlry said part The maintenance maintenance employees employees any railroad railroad the motor constantly beset with hazards of accidents accidents When being car set on the the the track day's day's work there potential potential struck by train train an an track grade crossing another automobile innumerable innumerable rules and regulations car Hence we surround safeguard safeguard movements them movements them regulations safeguard of railroad service constantly on the alert to protect protect _ themselves Their tools are watched closely the smallest smallest that might result injury from particles closely and the very best steels and particles flying steel will be as heat heat nearly treating ionl proof as all these Yet Yet with these precautions precautions precautions we still have accidents Perhaps rail fails struck with spike maul when when spike not not properly or a sledge hammer hammer when flying striking striking a track chisel cutting cutting rail rail rail and have have cut or eye injury from foot flying .. steel adze strikes strikes cross cross when adzing gauge cut slips or the trip gives way when and ratchet jack jack is spotting perhaps bar we have the broken arm operating These things jack for and when large other other serious injury renewal renewal ~ are especially prevalent groups men men working working a rail renewal ballasting renewal ballasting gang picture before us we With such terms picture machinery to maintainence way do and dangerous dangerous operations operations , thinking thinking we were thinking in terms the more arduous dangerous efficiency Then Then too hand of efficiency for safety efficiency usually efficiency hand speaker slides various then types The speaker showed equipment a score or more of lantern work types of power employed in maintenance agents illustrating various This tools equipment is one of our best saiety agents However power are unfortunately not the safest to although are great labor operated Some tools in this use sandblast for cleaning savers preparatory to class are repainting the power for either rail bridge cleaning sur- the power drill for demand demand work and pmraonpyer pcraerpearcaarte otrhye efficiency and accuracy of work handled their use with with Construction part of the operators they can he handled safely use, and with Planning Safety for in Track Construction By FRANK R. BRADFORD Director Director Safety Safety Fire The said Prevention here is show object speaker you speaker said part illustrating My methods . of being main rail renewal illustrating which which one of modern respects the outcome outcome renewal renewal the old estab- notable notable mil renewal were no the idea the standpoint longer justified justified lished methods methods of renewal operating department from the maintenance maintenance of economy advantage advantage of department safety to the department operating or safety to the maintenance of maintenance of - . ; . . . : | | : i : ! a : ; ' F : : i Hf } { t . : : i ; } i i H i t 1 3 j a + 3. | 4 hi mat an in t (nat fore him the the - witl: iss pere. of i: wor tens, mare T. and ecor per part, sanr ok leony? plar.. pour ing. mei dur. fcet. proxi proxi prox: pass ie pas a a \ ; . 11 . caut, thes e .. thes thes | part . 3! :. part bG% ie . = J St ay (2) 4} v4 _ ry reo ay f y % b iy : rs u ta S43 fe A " 4 ae ' , Cy @ 4] , VS '7) : . =o et ARH vy oy. : a Cy by e . i 4 . v br Y 4 Y Ye Q He 4 7 C] ff - Lod 4 ; a 5 ea ne -" 3 bd vey ~~ ath =f gett : | vethey mrs, i: ee TOM rg PPh Se ara fi Rh Sse "SARI Sy : Dae va SHC pApece | . Be = ea sy) Fy ie re as at ray 5 ape ; ots cae : Kea et wae a Try - tf Nahe at PVE SE iil re ye AVE is ayo setho? 7 ie aH % h36 4 aE aR ut Si 30 by tag Rohr Ue anes Sf te> SAB Poe Yt Bi tee fi a ee jue sty Bp fae gil iW pe Eee (5 ve PATA fart tl 242 FL as : haga pee ead rtva4icta3}k asi | ARTitSe beak en > hota Te ee x tf 434 Twenty Congress National Safety Council laborers examined Railroad 10 Avoiding getting men excited by 11 Have all unnecessary hollering on the joh etc. as to The report of the resolutions committee physical condition before chiployment Delaware & Hudson was Chairman then presented by J. A. Lone of the sented and adopted by the and Section delegates two resolutions were formally pre- , The first was a resolution of condolence Safety Department Chicago Milwaukee upon St. the death of J. Flanagin Manager The second resolution Paul & Pacific Railroad who had participated in acknowledged with thanks and appreciation efforts of making the Washington Congress Session all successful Nominating Committee Report of the The report of the tellers who was made by J. J. Heavey the election as follows canvassed election of officers for the The Erie Railroad and announcement was Section made of Chairman of the Section E. Central Lines Hill General Safety Agent New York First Chairman L. Northern Railway Second Chairman A. North Western Railway , LaFountaine General Safety Supervisor Great . Parish Assistant to General Manager Chicago & Railroad H. Members selected for the Committee of Directions Eastern Territory Hartenstein Assistant for the Ensuing Year A. Rowe Manager Claims to General Manager Lehigh Valley Western Railroad : Department Delaware Lackawanna and New England Territory N. Woodward ; York New Haven & Hartford Railroad Assistant to General Manager New Southern Territory Scott Director * Line Railroad Insurance & Safety Atlantic Coast Prevention Canadian Territory O. Beck Director First . Canadian National Railways Aid & Accident Company Members of the Committee au Nomination for the Supervisor Safety & Fire Prevention Denver ensuing year F. W. Curtis Chairman G. Evans Superintendent of & Rio Grande Western Railroad C. F. Lar ~-m~S-uperintendent of Safety Louisville & Nashville Railroad Superintendent of Safety Safety Missouri Northern Pacific Railroad F. M. Metcalie Safety The Redding Pacific Railway J. C. Pratt Supervisor of The closing minutes of the session chairman Charles F. Hill and were devoted to the introduction of the new the services rendered to appreciative by officers of the and eulogistic remarks | concerning section during the past year ADJOURNMENT 4 t { ; TWEN 4 i : i ; : t ! : t i L 4 . E 2 : 4 : = 4 4 a t uae, tems we 0 General Cha Mass ChViaceirCmhairm Secretary ar Woolen Cheirinan Pi A. Hale Chairman M. M. Worceste Chairman Pe Conn Chairman St. R. . Chairman Chairmanford CorCor ford Members at . Artilux RUSSELL RUSSELL ton WALTER Mass Jons H. PAUL W. omignamer 609 oe te Prn tesArian The opening with General panty Boston officers and st at if : ; Y ae : 3] at if Rehan RG ee e eh 45 mpalin . | Pi] A} f, si 5 aye + RARE NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS SESSIONS Nov. 134 134 A GREAT IMPETUS TO MOVEMENT To attend a meeting such as that of the National Safety Congress at Cleveland last month listen to the many capable addresses before general and section meetings and attempt to segregate one particular trend of thought indicative of definte pressure being brought to bear on any one point looking to the solution of the safety problem is practically a hopeless task Many men of many minds are assembled in such gatherings There is very little of similarity in either the theoretical or practical application of solutions of- fered for accident ills Yet one was able to detect in the various addresses general theme which ment of harmony in and discussions something of a contributed to the positive elethe plans and purposes of the deeply interested and intensely enthusiastic delegates Keynotes of the Sessions No doubt the identification of this general theme would bring opinions as widely divergent as the group interests represented and influenced to no small degree by the sectional affiliations of the delegates Since our interest in safety is specifically directed toward accident prevention in industry our attempt to detect the keynote of the sessions was devoted to the addresses and discussions covering that phase of safety Our deductions led us to this conclusion consensus of of the section meetings being held simultaneously the writer listened to many of them and was impressed with the fact that a majority of the speakers either specifically or incidentally referred to the problem of the reinstated employee and his status as an asset or liability to plant safety The tenor of remarks along this line so nearly coincides with editorial expressions in The Monitor during the past year that repetition is unnecessary Old Truths Get New Meanings Expressions of opinion on a problem so thoroughly debated and analyzed over a long period of years as that of safety could hardly be expected to develop anything decidedly revolutionariyn safety thought and it is doubtful whether any new angles more significant than the ones just mentioned were developed But it is doubted if any session of the Congress ever presented an array of speakers who gave such force and significance to old and accepted truths No phase of the safety movement was overlooked in the compilation of the many programs and for five full days there was hardly an hour of the day or evening when it was not possible to hear discussed some topic of particular in- terest opinion seemed to be that safety in this day is inextricably interwoven with the social problem that suc- cess depends largely upon management's willingness to counsel with its employees on accident prevention and that the necessity for human engineering is centered in the work of eliminating the hazards of loss of skill due to long periods of idleness and the rehabili- tation of men as regards their mental attitudes traceable to the same cause Not one but many of the speakers made clear allusions to the new problems for safety created by changing social relations and the strong probability that these relations would necessarily have some degree of permanency Generally speaking it was predicted that the relations between management and men would necessarily be closer and as a natural consequence more harmonious It follows naturally that success of the safety program would then be dependent to a great extent upon the measure of participation in safety matters assured to employee representation This infers a closer human relationship between employer and employee a more general recognition of the mutual interests involved in accident prevention and a greater universal striving toward humanitarian as well as economic accomplishments for the cause While it was not humanly possible for any one person to hear even all the talks on industrial safety many Everything connected with the sessions was on a magnificent scale The general sessions the section meetings the formal dinners and luncheons the topic sessions attracted an attendance which taxed the facilities provided The safety exhibit was bigger better and more ingenious than ever and the accommodations afforded by the Cleveland hotels met every requirement It was a stupendous affair too big to admit of detail yet too splendid to be dismissed with such generalities as are necessitated by the space at our disposal Taking into consideration the uncertain tendencies of the times it is doubtful if ever in the twenty years of its history the National Safety Council has had a more gratifying annual convention than that at Cleveland It was pleasing to the officials of that great national organization not only for the practical results achieved in advancing the cause of safety but in the confidence it reflects in the future of American social and industrial policies It demonstrated the power and influence of the Cleveland Safety Council the hospi- tality of the City of Cleveland and the extent and qual- ity of safety sentiment in Ohio The influence it will radiatteo every section of the union will be invaluable to the cause of universal safety and the stimulus it should give to industrial safety in Ohio is assured On the whole it was a remarkable program competently  ... - ... nme enema eats nahn Te A devised and capably executed and reflects credit its sponsors upon In view of the fact that there were literally hundreds of speakers on the various programs and that the cream phase of oratorical talent on every of safety activity was represented it would be unjust to single out any particular number for specific comment and a roster of even those who took part in the industrial meetings and their topics for discussion would fill pages of this bulletin Suffice to say that not many men in America of prominence in the field of safety endeavor were missing from the list All Ohio Day Ohio's participation centered in the exercises of All Ohio Day held on Tuesday October 2 at the Carter Hotel This was one of the largest and most repre- sentative group gatherings of the Congress and while primarily an Ohio meeting it was graced by the presence of officials of the National Safety Council the Cleveland Safety Council and representatives of in- dustry and officials of many other states The program opened with a luncheon meeting in the beautiful Rainbow Room at the Carter and its com- modious accommodations were taxed to the utmost to handle the hundreds who attended A. F. Allen sec- retary and treasurer of American Steel & Wire Co. Cleveland officiated as toastmaster An orchestra fur- nished music during the luncheon and the singing of America was led by Harry G. Ehret safety director of the Ohio Division of Workshops and Factories unavoidably Governor White was scheduled for the opening ad- dress but was absent and Thomas M. Gregory chairman of the Industrial Commission of Ohio opened the speaking program followed by L. E. Nysewander and J. W. Beall the other members of the Commission Each of the speakers discussed some phase of safety and touched upon some of the prob- lems encountered in the administration of the Work- men's Compensation Law Their remarks were en- thusiastically received the audience being unusually responsive to suggestions for bringing about improvement in industrial safety sidAed general session following the luncheon was .pre- over by Supt Thos P. Kearns of the Division of Safety and Hygiene and group singing was led by Mr. Ehret who also favored the gathering with a solo Illness at the eleventh hour prevented the appear- ance on the program of Charles R. Hook president and general manager of the American Co. Middletown O. but his Rolling Mill paper on Management's Opportunity and Responsibility for Securing Employ- ees Cooperation in Accident Prevention was read and amplified by his assistant C. H. Murray The views embodied in the paper elicited much favorable com- ment from both employer and employee representatives at the meeting NOV 134 Labor's Interest in Accident Prevention was the topic discussed by James Wilson Cincinnati O. vice president of the American Federation of Labor Mr. Wilson who is an ardent safety advocate and an ac- tive figure in industrial accident prevention movenients in Cincinnati corroborated Mr. Hook's view of the necessity for employee representatives in safety activities While charging full responsibility to management for safe working conditions he did not absolve the worker from equal responsibility for those failures of the human element which lead to injury Bernard M. Robinson Akron O. general counsel for the Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. had a really bril- liant address on The Personal Equation It was a logically built and beautifully phrased argument for the acceptance of personal responsibility for accident prevention and as is the case with all of Mr. Robin- son's safety talks was vociferously applauded For logic sequence effectiveness and oratorical excellence it was one of the best presentations of a safety thought that the writer heard at the Congress At the conclusion of the speaking program Chairman Kearns made the awards of certificates of safety merit to winners in the state mine safety contest sponsored by the Industrial Commission of Ohio and they were accepted by the representatives of the companies in attendance The results of this contest appear elsewhere in this issue Cleveland Industries Celebrate Another large gathering of the Congress probably the largest in which the Ohio delegates had a particular interest was the banquet at the Cleveland Hotel on Tuesday evening October 2 celebrating the conclusion of the fourth annual Greater Cleveland In- dustrial Safety Campaign a movement sponsored by the Industrial Commission of Ohio and the Cleveland Safety Council More than 500 people had seats at the banquet tables and an excellent musical program both instrumental and vocal was presented Supt Thos P. Kearns of the Division of Safety and Hygiene and chairman of the Cleveland Campaign Committee presided at the meeting The guest speaker of the evening Whiting Williams of New York City substituted for Arthur H. Young president for industrial relations United States Steel Corporation Mr. Williams as widely known an author on social topics traveler and adventurer had an intensely interesting talk on the social problems of the day as they were affecting and might further affect industrial relations Mr. Williams arguments were well received and their general trend seemed to find favor with the audience Hugh Hinchliffe public relations director acting for Dan R. Hanna Jr. president of the Cleveland News Co. made the presentation of the Cleveland News Safety trophy to the Friedman Co. edhe why ides Bi winner of the contest and it was accepted by A. J. Farber treasurer of that company who in- dicated in his remarks that safety in his company's plant was so generally accepted as an institution that the competitive spirit had not entered into their efforts Herman Friedman veteran president of the company was present but unable to speak on account of a throat affliction A framed certificate of merit was pre- sented to the Great Lakes Aircraft Corporation the runner in the contest by Judge Lee E. Skeel and it was accepted by D. E. Wilson personnel director of that company The third place award was also presented by Judge Skeel to The Bloomfield Co. and was accepted by Supt Z. K. Waldron of that company The certificates were hand lettered painted and framed by R. E. Wenger commercial artist Chairman Kearns announced that the certificate awards to group winners would be mailed the time allotted for the meeting be- ing insufficient to permit of personal presentations The numerical strength of the meeting and the intense enthusiasm pervading it was a splendid testimonial to the safety sentiment aroused by the Cleveland campaign and to the organizing ability of President Skeel and Managing Director Smith of the Cleve- land Safety Council who were ably assisted by Safety Engineer H. M. Schnerer of the Division of Safety and Hygiene representative of the interests of the division in the movement Mutual Interests Recognized General recognition of the mutual responsibility of both the employer and the worker for the success of industrial safety efforts and the mutual rewards of such efforts was demonstrated by the complexion of congress delegations In almost every section meeting and in many of the topic discussions executives foremen and workers vied with each other in paying tribute to the value of safety and there was but little variance of opinion as to the mutual value of safety methods and safe prac- tices This unanimity of purpose was no more clearly defined than in the sessions of Ohio Day At the speakers table on this occasion recognized representatives of capital and labor sat shoulder to shoulder and without the slightest evidence of class distinction each applauded the other's tribute to a common cause The presence of Jas A. Wilson of Cincinnati president of the American Federation of Labor Thos J. Donnelly of Columbus secretary of the Ohio State Federation of Labor and Warren F. Perry of Columbus secretary of the Ohio Manufacturers Associa- tion in posts of honor and a heavy representation of both employers and employees on the floor of the meeting was strongly indicative of the joint interest in the movement Nov. This evidence of a common ground upon which management and men can meet in harmonious discussion of a problem so vital to both was in the opinion of the writer one of the most significant and gratifying incidents of the entire Congress and presages a further growth of the spirit of helpful cooperation in the safety movement in the industries of the state so essential to the attainment of the purposes of safety advocates State Support Appreciated Gracious acknowledgment of the extraordinary ef- forts of the division and the Commission to make of the Congress a success commensurate with the im- portance of the safety movement and one that might sustain the reputation of Ohio as a leader in safety thought is contained in excerpts from letters received by Superintendent Kearns under date of October 8th J. E. Long president of the National Safety Council said Your personal contribution to the Twenty Annual Safety Congress and Exposition helped we feel to make it one of the most successful meetings in the history of the safety movement in the United States I take genuine pleasure in thanking you Every year these big gatherings add impetus to the steady march of safety in our country; now more than ever before is the employer the worker the government official the teacher the housewife the man on the street aware of the need of care on his part to reduce the terrible toll of unnecessary accidents I hope that you take a great deal of satisfaction in contributing to an enterprise which has stimulated na- tional interest in this humanitarian cause W. H. Cameron managing director of the Council wrote " cannot help writing this extra letter to say two things 1 that we are greatly indebted to you for the success of the Cleveland Congress and 2 the pleasure and satisfaction of having you serve on our National Executive Committee There is plenty of pioneer work yet to be done and I hope we will be spared to work together May you feel repaid in some measure for your fine efforts last week when you realize the success of the national demonstration through so many channels of expression Carl L. Smith managing director of the Cleveland Safety Council in a Congress letter said The Safety Congress is past history but before the files are closed I want to take this opportunity to express to you my personal appreciation in which Judge Skeel joins me for the very excellent help you gave in connection with the arrangements for the Congress There was a lot to be done but I think that we shall all be compensated by the good that has been done and will be done in our community cinnati Ralph Bowsman Piqua and Opfer & Faber Sandusky Class The Van Gundy Co. Lancaster The Penker Construction Co. Cincinnati and The H. R. Blagg Co. Dayton Class 2B E. Johnson Co. Toledo Geo W. Tim- mons Inc. Columbus and Lewis & Copeland Con- struction Co. Lima Class The People's Steel Co. Cleveland and Bass Construction Co. Cleveland Class The Haddad Co. Cleveland The Cogito Construction Co. Cleveland and United Engineering and Construction Co. Sandusky Class Antonio Glaros Youngstown The Fifth City Wrecking & Lumber Co. Cleveland and D. Geo Lowry Canton Light and Power Campaign | The wide campaign being conducted by the recently organized Ohio Electric Light and Power Safety League under sponsorship of the Industrial Commission of Ohio Division of Safety and Hygiene got under way in July but reports received for the opening month have not yet been tabulated About fifty plants throughout the state are entered in the contest Included in this number are all the large utilities and eighteen municipal plants which gen- erate and distribute electric power . It is estimated that close to 10,000 workers are rep- resented in the campaign Quarries Campaign With the close of June the sixth month of the state- wide Quarries Safety Contest the 50 firms completing reports for the entire period reported having worked 719,471.5 hours with 27 accidents a frequency rate of 37-5- Thirty of the firms went through the first half of the year without a chargeable accident On a basis of hours worked Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. Zanesville was first National Lime & Stone Co. Bucyrus second and Medusa Portland Cement Co. Toledo third The cumulative record of hours and accidents does not include the records of four firms whose June reports have not yet been filed MAKING SAFETY PAY Another striking example of the value of organized safety work is given by the accident experience of the Owens Glass Co. Toledo during the past four years In 1930 the company had 687 medical cases with a time loss of 4,476 days for an exposure of 3,022,622 hours The need for greater accident prevention effort was recognized and in 1931 a organized safety department began to function In this year accidents were reduced to 204 and time loss to 2,080 days despite an increase of 464,184 hours of exposure The amount paid out for compensation by the Industrial Commission for injuries to the plant's employees in this year was 53,669.57 In 1932 while hours worked slumped to 2,860 865 accidental injuries dropped to 130 and time loss to 1,611 days while compensation costs were cut to 20,628.44 The revival in industry in 1933 shot the hours worked up to a new record of 4,388,295 yet accidents increased to only 237 and the severity was only 349 days greater than that of 1932 while compensation costs were still further decreased to 18 554.95 Considered solely from an economic viewpoint the value of safety education to this firm is clearly defined in dollars and cents Over a period of only three years it saved 35,114.62 notwithstanding the fact that in 1933 its employees worked 901,489 hours more in that year than they did in 1931 Still further evidence of the fruits of safety effort put forth by the company is shown in the fact that the average time lost per accident was cut from 12.4 days in 1932 to 8.27 days in 1933 . In May of 1933 the company changed from an eight day to a hour day and many new em- ployees were added to the payroll In June 1933 the volume of business had increased to a point where a further increase in personnel was necessary and today the company employs about 3,000 people Much of the credit for the splendid success of the safety work of the Libbey Co. is due to managerial interest the effective safety system estab- lished under the direction of Safety Director C. A. Carson and the splendid spirit of cooperation prevail- ing among the employees AWARDED SUNOCO TROPHY On Wednesday evening August 15 at the Cleveland News auditorium in Cleveland The Sunoco trophy plaque for the best safety record in the state Wholesale Petroleum Distributors Contest was pre- sented by Safety Engineer H. M. Schnerer of the Division of Safety and Hygiene to J. G. Gordon Ohio division manager of the Shell Petroleum Corp. About 100 attended the meeting and addresses on safety topics were made by Special Representative Harry L. Sain of the Division of Safety and Hygiene Judge Lee E. Skeel president of the Cleveland Safety Council Sergeant Arthur Roth of the Cleveland Police Department Safety Engineer H. M. Schnerer and Glenn Byers St. Louis Mo. safety director for the Shell Corporation As a manifestation of their interest in safety the Canfield Oil Co. The Vacuum Oil Co. and the Shell Petroleum Corp. divided the expense of the meeting