Document YjzzRBO19ppwdN5NLYpJ3E9VE

Technical Bulletin 0-D-102 Revised July, 1945 ORTHO-NITROBIPHBNYL (Ortho-ftltrodlphanyl) AS A PLASTICIZER DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT ORGANIC CHEMICALS DIVISION MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY ST.. LOUIS, MISSOURI 061*270 TOWOLDMONOQ38442 ORTHO-HIYROBIPHBim. INTRODUCTION Ortho-Nitroblphenyl, formerly sold as OrthoNitrodiphenyl, Is a good general purpose plasticizer. Its low cost makes it worthy of consideration for use in most types of lacquer and plastic compositions. Ortho-Nitroblphenyl (ONE) is compatible with the cellulose esters and ethers, Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyvinyl Chloride copolymers. Poly vinyl Formal, Polyvinyl Butyral, Polyvinyl Acetate, Polystyrene, ro3in, rosin esters, modified rosin esters, modified phenolic resins, oil soluble phenolic resins, alkyd resins and vegetable oils. Due to its wide range of com patibility it is finding use in many different types of industry. ONB is solving several problems where it is necessary to have an extremely low rate of hydrolysis, resistance to acid and alkali with low susceptibility to attack by mineral oil. C61*27l TOWOLDMONOQ38443 OFtTHO-NITROBIPHENYL AS A PLASTICIZER DESCRIPTION: Ortho-Nltrobiphenyl is a low-priced, all round plastici zer useful with practically every type of synthetic resin. It is a light yellow to reddish colored liquid or solid of characteristic odor. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Formula (Prom Typical Analyses) NOg Molecular Weight 199.20 Melting Point Approx. 35 C. (Supercools readily) Boiling Point at 10 mm. Approx. 1723 C. Boiling Point at 760 mm. Approx. 330 C. Refractive Index at 25 C.* Approx. 1.613 Specific Gravity at 40/l5.5C. Approx. 1.189 Viscosity at 25C.* 38 Centipolses Viscosity at 45C. 12 Centipolses Weight/gallon Approx. 9.9 lbs. Flash Point 143C. (289.5F.) Fire Point 179C. (354.5F.) * Obtained on supercooled material. -2- TOWOLDMONOQ38444 Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louit, U.S.A. VAPOR PRESSURES (Approximate) ORTHO NITROBIPHENYL >- 5 Oa s o in a 5 ABSOLUTE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE 10-24-44 DEGREES CENTIGRADE 061*273 TOWOLDMONOQ38445 PHYSICAL AMD CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (Cont'd) Solubility: Practically insoluble in vater (either hot or cold). Readily soluble in -- Benzene Ethyl Alcohol Methyl Alcohol Ether Acetone Methyl Ethyl Ketone Ethyl Acetate Amyl Acetate Ortho-Dichlorobenzene Carbon Tetrachloride Perchlorethylene Glacial Acetic Acid Mineral Spirits Pine Oil Turpentine Linseed Oil Soya Bean Oil Corn Oil PLASTICIZING PROPERTIES: ONB Is a plasticizer for most resins, both synthetic and natural. The amounts required vary with the resin and the properties needed for any particular application. ONB may be used as the sole plasticizer or in conjunction with one or more other plasticizers. The general effect of ONB in several plastics follows: Cellulose Nitrate (Plastics Grade) In molded Cellulose Nitrate, the plasticizing action of ONB is similar to that of camphor. In some compositions, ONB seems better than camphor. The two plasticizers work well together or camphor oil may be substituted for part or all of the camphor In the formula. The range of practical use would probably be up to forty parts by weight of ONB for each one hundred parts of Cellulose Nitrate, although higher proportions can be used if desired. Cellulose Nitrate (Lacquer Grade) In lacquers, ONB produces hard, tough, resistant compositions. ONB aids solvent release. -5- 061*i<:7*t TOWOLDMONOQ38446 PLASTICIZING PROPERTIES (Coat'd) Cellulose Acetate ONB Is highly compatible. 50 parts of ONB per 100 parts Cellulose Acetate give clear, transparent compositions of good molding properties and medium flexibility. Cellulose Acetobutyrate ONB Is compatible and produoes hard, tough com positions suitable for molding. In Cellulose Acetobutyrate lacquers, ONB forms tough durable films. Cellulose Acetoproplonate ONB plasticizers this in about the same manner as It does Cellulose Acetate. Polyvinyl Acetate (Gelva) ONB is highly compatible. 50 parts per 100 parts of Polyvinyl Acetate give very flexible compositions which are quite tacky. Its use fulness In adhesives and cements 13 Indicated. Polyvinyl Formal (Formvar) ONB used in equivalent amounts produces greater flexibility here than in Cellulose Acetate. Tem peratures of 150 - l6o C. are required for good flow in molding. Coatings containing 50 parts per 100 parts of Polyvinyl Formal have good weather resistance. Polyvinyl Butyral (Butvar) 50 parts ONB produce very flexible, slightly tacky, compositions, but this is about the upper limit of compatibility. At 40 parts very flex ible compositions result. Temperatures of 120130C. are sufficient for good flow. 50 parts produce Butvar coatings with good weather re sistance . -4G61`t<!75 TOWOLDMONOQ38447 PLASTICIZING PROPBRTIBS (Cont'd) Polyvinyl Chloride (Goon 101) Requires a relatively high working temperature (Above 150C.) and the use of some stabilizer (such as lead carbonate). ONB Is quite satis factory as a plasticizer. 40 parts produce hard, tough, flexible, transparent compositions. At 50 parts there Is some crystallization on long standing. The compatibility limit is somewhere between 40 and 50 parts. Vinyllte VYHH 50 parts ONB produce hard, rather brittle com positions, but 40 parts ONB give very flexible ones. 50 parts are just about the compatibility limit. Flows at 110 - 120C. Vinyl lte VYNW ONB produces about the same flexibility with this resin as for VXHH but the compatibility limit Is somewhat lower. It requires tem peratures over 150C. for good flow. Polystyrene ONB Is highly compatible and Imparts flexi bility without causing the undue softening and tackiness resulting from the use of the usual types of plasticizers. Ethyl Cellulose ONB is compatible to the extent of 45$ in 48$ ethoxy, 100 cp3. ethyl cellulose and produces compositions of good weather resistance. Varnishes ONB may be used to good advantage In both alkyd resins and oleo-resinous varnishes. Amounts up to 10$ appear to have no effect upon drying time, and retard skinning to a slight degree. ONB has a tendency to yellow when exposed to heat and light in some formulations. -5- 061*1 <! 7fa TOWOLDMONOQ38448 FUNGICIDAL PROPERTIES: Coated textiles, where ONB vas the plasticizer and the base plastic of the coating was Polyvinyl Acetate, Polyvinyl Formal, Polyvinyl Butyral, Cellulose Acetate, Vinyllte VYHH, or Polystyrene, did not support growth of Aspergillus nlger, Penlcilllum, Chaetomium globosum or Metarrhizium, even after the coated textiles have been leached In running water for 48 hours. Heating the coated textiles for 5 day3 at 105C., resulted in some loss In fungus resistance. TOXICITY AND SAFE HANDLING: Toxicological tests upon rats and rabbits indicate a toxicity of the same order as Trlcresyl Phosphate and Triphenyl Phosphate. The precautions necessary In the use of the Phosphates are therefore applicable to ONB. It should be noted however that the type of damage caused by the phosphates and by ONB Is entirely different in character, the former acting chiefly upon the central nervous system whereas the latter appears to affect primarily the blood and thereby causing respiratory and muscular failure. Patch tests indicate that ONB is neither a primary Irritant nor a sensitizing agent. The breathing of concentrated vapors of ONB appears to be the most harmful method of contact. Ventilation and efficient removal of vapors by some means s-uch as hoods over the working areas should be provided. The.interpretation of toxicological data Is Individual in character and detailed Information concerning it3 relationship to any specific application will be supplied upon request. SUGGESTED USES: 1. Camphor substitute in Cellulose Nitrate compositions. 2. Plasticizer In thermoplastic molding compositions. 6- - 06H27? TOWOLDMONOQ38449 SUGGESTED USED (Cont'd) 3. Plasticizer in lacquer type coatings to improve water, acid and alkali resistance 4. Stabilizer with some plasticizing action in varnishes. 5. Fungicide in paints, varnishes, lacquers, plastics, textile coatings and impregna ting compositions. 6. In anti-fouling paints. CONTAINERS: Standard containers are 55 gallon drums containing approximately 525 IDs. AKCDT 7^5 5C -7- 0614278 TOWOLDMONOQ38450 NOTICE The Information on Ortho-Nltroblphenyl con tained herein le to our best knowledge true and accurate, but all recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee since the conditions of use are beyond our control. The Monsanto Chemical Company disclaims any liability incurred in connection with the use of these data or suggestions. Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with existing patents covering any material or its use. Monsanto Chemical Company Organic Chemicals Division St. Louis, Missouri Hii<* ObY TOWOLDMONOQ38451