Document YVXw1O5oRjdnyw9VeyKQmj9V

PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS GULF OIL CO RPO RATIO N PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCT ENGINEERING -,L CTiv-E PRODUCTS ENGINEERING GU LF BU ILD IN G P ITT SBU R G H 3 0 , PA. January 22, 195*+ INCLUDING SUBSIDIARY GULF R EFIN IN G CO M P AN Y Dr, Ho tit, A. Kehoe The Ketltering Laboratory College of Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, 19 Ohio Dear Dr, Kehoe We wish to thank you for your letter of January] 19th commenting upon the possible results of the addition of Additive containing lead, to a General Purpose Fuel Oil. At the present time we are planning very limited field tests in a selected area. As these plans develop we will undoubtedly contact you further for suggest ions relative to observations which you feel should be made in conj m o t i o n with this field work, and which we know will be most helpful. Again thanking you for your interest in this problem, we remain Yours very truly, CRN:K Director, Automotive Products Engineering N 6132 January 19# 1954 M r . C . K. N o ll, D i r e c t o r Autom otive P rod u cts En gin eerin g Gulf O il Corporation Gulf Bu ll lin g P it t sb u rm 30, P en n sylvan ia D ear Mr, N olli I h av e bejen slo w in d e e d t o w r it e t o y o u in c o n fir m a t io n o f t h e op in ion e x p r e sse d in a teleph on e co n v e r satio n w ith you on N ovem b er 27. U n fortu n ately I h ave been su b m erged by an accu m u lation of c o r r e s pon den ce an d oth er o b ligat io n s, w h ich r e su lt e d fr o m m y bein g out of the coun try durin g all of O ctober an d m ost of N ovem ber, an d am ju st now n ear in g th e en d of m a t t e r s w h ich h ave se e m e d to dem an d m y atten tion . *: . W ith r e sp e c t t o th e g e n e r a l p r o b le m o f th e ad d it io n o f le a d in an y fo r m to a gen er al p u r p o se fu el, th ere a r e , in p r in cip le, th ree co n sid er atio n s. 1. Th e c o m b u st io n o f t h e .Cued w ill, p r e su m a b ly , r e s u l t in t h e e m issi o n of le ad com pou n d s w ith th e com b u stion p r o d u ct s of th e fu e l, an d t h is w ill ad d to th e le ad con ten t of th e at m o sp h e r e con tam in ated w ith th e com b u stion p r o d u ct s. R e g a r d le ss c f w h er e su ch at m o sp h e r e is fou n d, w h et h er in t h e v ic in it y of. a st a c k c r flu e , o r in th e v ic in it y o f an y exh au st sy st e m , a con tribu tion is m ad e to th e a ir w h ich som eon e b r e at h e s. T h e r e fo r e , a p oten tial h az ar d is in th e m ak in g, in th at th e su m m ation of a ll of su ch con trib u tion s, m ay even tu ally r e ach a poin t of h az ar d a s an e x p r e ssio n o f t h e tcftal d o se of le a d fr o m a l l so u r c e s to w h ich gom e o r p e r h ap s m an y in d iv id u als in p u r p opu lation m ay be exp o se d . Som e su ch e xp o su r e is u t t e r ly u n avoid ab le, sin c e th er e is som e le ad in o u r food an d b e v e r a ge s an d in th e a ir w e b r e at h e . T ills u n avoid able exp o su r e m u st ;u o t b e p e r m it t e d t o r e a c h d a n g e r o u s o r n e a r - d a n g e r o u s p r o p o r t io n s. T h e r e i s a co n sist e n t e ffo r t , am on g p e r so n s co n ce r n e d w ith th e p u b lic h ealth ,to avoid u n n e ce ssar y con tribu tion s to su ch exp o su r e. 2. Th e foregoin g p rin cip le le ad s to the n eed fo r car efu l scru tin y of an y tech n ologic p r o p o sa l w h ich w ould p r o v id e an y con trib u tion of th e type in d icated . T h ere m u st b e , o r at le a st , in a p ru d en t so cie t y , t h er e sh ou ld b e v e r y sou n d so c ia lly st r a t e g ic o r econ om ic r e aso n s beh in d su ch a p r op osal a s an o ffset to th e in crem en t of poten tial redu ction of the public N 6132.01 Ivr. Q. R. Noli - (2)- January 19, 1954 sa fe t y , w ith r e sp e c t to le ad e xp o su r e . O th er w ise t h e r e is no poin t in takin g th e p r o p osal se r io u sly . t iv e a sp e c t s o f th e m a t t e r m u st b e tak en in to accou n t in an y c a se , even in th e fa c e of so c ia l ad v an t age s, an d if th er e sh ou ld be eviden ce th at th e m ar gin cf safe t y o f th e p u b lic o r of u n p r otected gr o u p s in th e pu blic is bein g red u ced so a s to ap p roach th e van ish in g poin t, th en th ere can be no ju stificatio n fo r th e developm en t. * * V/ith t h e se p r in c ip le s in m in d , it se e m s e v id e n t to m e th at th e t e ch n ical an d econ om ic ad v an t age s of y o u r Com pan y's p r o p o se d p r o je c t sh ou ld be i GOiC'i-Ki in t o c a r e fu lly . If t h e r e i s go o d r e a so n in t h e p u b lic i n t e r e st an d econ om y to go ah ead , th en the exten t o f th e r isk a sso c ia t e d w ith th e exp loitation of the p r o c e ss sh ou ld be w eigh ed . A s to th e la t t e r , you w ill n eed to con sid er the p o ssib ility of fictitiou s claim s of lead in toxication , a s w ell a s th e act u al o c c u r r e n c e o f su ch d iffic u lt ie s. (You w ill a lso n eed to co n sid e r the effect of the added le ad on th e efficien cy an d m ain ten an ce co sts pi b u r n er s an d a c c e sso r y h eatin g equipm en t. ) W ith r e g a r d to th e q u an t it at iv e a sp e c t s of th e e x p o su r e to le a d w h ich m ay he a sso c ia t e d w ith th e d istr ib u t io n of fu el con tain in g le a d in th e q u an tities in d ica t e a, am c f th e'opin ion th at it w ould p r o b ab ly be too sm all to b e m e asu r e d , and t h e r e fo r e it w ould tu rn out to be an e sse n t ially in sign ifi cant' con t r ib u t ion to th e p r e se n t le v e l of c a su a l o r u n avoid ab le e xp o su r e to le ad on th e p a r t c f an y pai-t of ou r popu lation , I sh ou ld th in k it lik e ly th at th e l e a d in 'he flu e of a fu r n a c e in w h ich su c h fu e l io b u r n e d c o u ld b e d eterm in ed w ith out too m uch d ifficu lty , bu t th at som e v er y co n sid e r ab le d ifficu lty w ould be en cou n ter ed in fin d in g th e le ad in su fficie n t qu an tity to be id en tified In th e at m o sp h e r e in th e v icin ity of th e h o u se fr o m w h ich th e flu e d isch ar ge d . b a se t h is opin ion on ou r exp e r ie n ce in th e d eter m in ation of the so u r c e s of le ad in the at m o sp h e r e in v ar io u s se ct io n s of ce r t ain c it ie s, an d a lso on o u r kn ow ledge of th e fat e of th e le ad in gaso lin e follow in g it s com b u stion in m o t o r v e h ic le s. It h as been fou n d to be d ifficu lt to iden tify th e so u r c e s of atm o sp h e r ic le ad , sin ce th e se a r e n u m erou s and v ar ia b le in th eir e ffe ct s at d iffer en t t im e s an d p la c e s, an d u n der vary in g cir cu m st an ce s. In m y opin ion , th e con tribu tion m ade by you r prod u ct w ould b e so sm a ll an d so v a r ia b le a s to b e lo st in tire o t h e r v a r ia b le s. P a r t o f th e r e aso n fo r th is opin ion r e sid e s in m y exp ectation th at a co n si d e r a b le p r o p o r t io n of th e le a d in th e co m b u stio n p r o d u cs fr o m the fu r n ace w ill con d en se out an d agglo m e r at e in th e flu e an d n e v e r r e ach th e o u tsid e cf the h ou se in a su fficie n t ly fin e ly divided, fo r m to r e m ain su sp en d ed . It w ould b e w ise , Xth in k, to m ak e so m e o b se r v at io n s to t e st th e v alid ity 0002038 Moll - (3) - January i9- I9o4 of t h e se op in ion s, If it is d ecid ed th at t h is sh ou ld be don e, w e cou ld m ak e som e su gge st io n s fo r th e con duct of su ch o b se r v at io n s th at m igh t be h elpfu l. I tr u st th at th ese w ritten r em ar k s corresp on d e sse n t ially to your recollection ; f cu r con versation , and th at th ey w ill se r v e you r p u r p o se s. ; Very tru ly y ou rs, .A. v- . bth f . -o '`I t . r* R o b e r t A . t 'eh o e, M . D.