Document YKDKLyb453deKvOEM4bqMEpD

INTERNAL CORRESPONDENCE CriC- UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION old rdgebury road, danbury, ct osai7 To (Nsrno) Dtv*or* A. M. Rubinson Coqv co Alan, y Thanks for your August \ memorandum and copies of outside counsel July 24 and July 25, 1984 letters, \toong the options that are available in this case (the three noted in your Au^u^t/8 letter and the onejieted in outside counsel July 24 letter), it would wpfotsr that the vpMrffiof litigating the Statute of Limitations defense is most attractive. Is there sosie reason why we should not pursue the course of Action, particularly since outside counsel appears to be advocating such course of action? Very truly yours, LAC/cr / L. A. Crijsorio | 5559B ucc 044843 UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION P. 0. BOX 8361, SOUTH CHARLESTON, WV Health, Safety & Environmental Affairs Department 25303 March 15, 1985 James V. O'Gara Esq Kelly, Drye and Warren 100 Park Avenue New York, New York 10178 RE: Nicolina Sireci vs Union Carbide Corporation Dear Mr. O'Gara: In addition to the toxicity studies on di 2ethyl hexyladipate (NIH 81-1768) and on di 2ethyl hexyl phthalate (NIH 82-1773) I gave you by telephone the attached group of references from MEDLINE and TOXLINE may be of value. Very truly yours attachments ucc 044844 /cn> * <_ &~/r. /f'k. /o/7r / rr^ C^-\ -2T (J////FV- /7t, $-) _ . *( ^ * "' '-f/V/^ <1 5^ V^jj ^------- -- . ^ JT'/p A7i>l /A/ 7~2)a'L//V !ti /t/' <j----t.. /?>?ls-^ ucc 044845 00016924 IS - 0033-0419 AB - PVC PAGE 27 attenuate* .apprx.2.0 dB/em at 1 mHz. The velocity at 20.degree. 1* 1440 m/ for PVC gelatin. RN - 9002-06-2 EM - 0411 ......................................... 57 SI AU A0 TI SO LA CD IS AB ,r f KN KH KH KH KM RN EM - T0XBIB/02/100097 - Chan OY ! T*n KT I Kwok SF i Chlo LF - Industrial Health Division, Ministry of Labour. - Study on workers exposed to cadmium In alkaline storage battery manufacturing and PVC compounding. - Ann Acad Med Singapore; VOL 11, ISS 1, 1902, P122-9 - Eng - AAMSC - 0304-4602 - The extent of cadmium exposure was studied In a eadmlum-nlekel battery factory and O PVC factories using cadmium stabilisers In the compounding of PVC. A total of 101 cadmlin-exposed workers and 21 control subjects matched by sex, age, ethnic group and smoking history was Investigated. Blood and urine cadmium levels were considerably elevated In the battery workers but were not raised In the PVC workers. These findings were consistent with the results of eadmium-ln-alr assessments. Among the female battery workers, urine cadmium excretion Increased significantly with employment time. There was good correlation between blood and urine cadmium levels among the female subjects. A significant association between blood cadmium levels and prevalence of chest pain was also noted among the females. No low molecular weight proteinuria was detected, but two female battery workers had slight albminurla and one male PVC worker had glucosuria but had abnormal GTT results. - T0XBIB i Air Pollutants aANALTSIS - Air Pollutants, Occupational ^ANALYSIS - Cadmium Poisoning OCCURRENCE I Cadmium BL0OO/*METABOLISH/URINE - Female ; Human ; Male i Occupational Diseases OCCURRENCE - Polyvinyl Chloride > Singapore - 7440-43-9; 9002-S6-2 - 8207 9 ucc 044848 I 00016999 PVC PACE 97 95 SI - CIS/03/00731 CC - 130 AU - Gfussct H TI - Chronic vinyl chloride poisoning In workers engaged In the production of polyvinyl chlorld* using tho suspension nothod C1967-1977) i SO - Studio 1 materlety monograflexne 1902. No.3. p.61-102. Illua. 92 rf. / PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE . / LA - Pol \/ AB - Literature aurvoy la follo\jed by'tha raaulta of a 10-yaar study of 330 workers at risk in Pblldh polymerisation plants) description of tha condltloAfof exposure; composttion of the population studied) scope ofVhe study and methods used fmedieal exam)nations, radiogrephlds otL extremities. EC6. laboratory tests)) discussion of results (clinical picture, morbidity, prognosis); conclusions (there re a relation between the degree of acroosteolysfs and of pseudoselarotle changes combined with Raynaud's phenomenon on the one hand^and tha degree of liver damage on the other). KH - VINYL CHLORIDE ) CHRONIC POISONING t PLASTICS INDUSTRY KU - SUSPENSION POLYMERISATION . LITERATURE SURVEY KN - OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY ; POLAND ( MORBIDITY ; ACROOSTEOLYSIS KH - LONG-TERM STUDY ; HEPATIC DAMAGE i ILO RN - 75-01-9 I 9002-06-2 EM - 09H __________________ ________________________ 96 SI - TOXBIB/09/210916 AU - Gaming AE ; Bruhk U ) Dallner G AD - Department of Biochemistry. Arrhenius Laboratory. University of Stockholm. Sweden. TI - Phthalate esters and their effect on the liver. SO - Hepatology) VOL 9. 1SS 3. 1909. P541-7 (REF: 35) U - Eng CD - GB2 IS - 0270-9139 AB - The advantageous properties of polyvinyl chloride plastics make these materials Indispensable at all levels of human life, and there is no reason to belfeve that the upward trend of their use will change. One third of most polyvinyl chloride plastics consists of plasticisers, mostly phthalate esters, which may migrate out contaminating our environment and consequently our bodies. Experimental results indicate that chronic exposure to phthallc esters may be responsible for a number of adverse health effects. Phthalates change the structure and function of the liver In a profound manner by inducing peroxisomes, mitochondria and ensymes which participate In fatty acid transport and beta-oxidation. Prolonged administration of phthalate esters, in doses comparable to those occurring in human exposures, seems to have an accumulative effect on the liver. Liver biopsies taken from dialysis patients show peroxisome proliferatlon which again warn of the possibility that human health may be Influenced by I ucc 044847 * 00016945 PVC PACE 45 plasticiser*. KH - TOXBIB i Equipment and Supplies KM - fatty Acid Desaturases METABOLISM ; Hemodialysis S Human KH Intestines METABOLISM t Kldnay METABOLISM ! Lipid* METABOLISM KM - LI var *0RU6 EFFECTS/METABOLISM/ULTRASTRUCTURE i Lmg METABOLISM KM - Mlcroscopy> Electron ! WithalIe Acid* TOXICITY KM - Plasticiser* aTOXICITY ! Polyvinyl Chloride TOXICITY KH - Proteins HETABOLISH ! Review I Support! Non-U.S. Gov't KM - Time factor* ; Tissue Distribution RN - 64-73-3; 9002-66-2 EM - 6406 97 SI - CIS/62/01757 CC - 230 AU - Goldfarb AS i Goldgraben GO t Herr1 ok EC ( feaellette RP AU - Cheremisinoff PM TI * Organic chemical* manufacturing hasards SO - The Butterworth Groupi Borough Greeni Sevenoaksi Kent, TN15 6PHi United Kingdom! 1961. 430p. Ulus. Bibl. PT - MONOGRAPH LA - Eng AB - This book provides I ormatlon! description* of manufacturing pre Ion of substance* present in the proca sslon of the flammability and to* ed with those substances and the p led for use by chemical manufacturers, engir idultants, industrial ehemlsts, industrial hygienist mtalists and pollution control engineers. Sections methanol carbonylation! acetaldehyde by liqt lationi esterification process for acrylic >i condensation process for DL-methionina pr ead by lead alkylation! oxychlortnatton and r vinyl ehloride production! polymeri olyvinyl chloride! chlorophenol* by chi yl acetate by hydroaeetylatIon. KM - CHEMICAL PROOUCTS I, KM - TOTAL LOSS CONTROL /) 2ARD EVALUATION CHLOROPHENOLS KH - CHEMICAL PROCESSES i RN 514-10-3 ! 75-07-0 i 75*01-4 i 9002-66-2 RN - 106-05-4 ! 76-00-2 EM - 6411 96 SI - CIS/84/00326 CC - 070 AU - Gone`ales fern'end** Tl - Study of membrane fil SO - Medicine y seguridad p.12-16. Illu*. 11 re PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE LA Spa AB - In the framework of s approved for use in m use in the H?E dust sampler Mar. 1962i Vol.30> No.117, lecting equipment to be 1 Directorate of Mines in ucc 044848 00017063 PVC PAGE S3 MH - Russian 3.F.3.R. i Vinyl Chlorlda/aadverse offsets MH - Vinyl Compounds/"adverse affaeti 0A - S30811 OP - 1903 Apr v /\ IS - 0016-9919 \/ TA - Gig Tr Prof Zabol \/ UI - 03235649 PG - 30-2 V/ A ZN - Z1.25Z.070 ; Zl.542.240.95/ ; /1.950 EA - A /\ IP " 4 /\ TT - 0 rasprostranannostl zZokaehas tvwinykh novoobrazovannt '1 tradl rabochlkh. zanlatykh 4 protzvodstvMh vtnllkhlorlda 1 pol1v1nllkhlor1 da. JC - F99 RN - 75-01-4 (Vinyl Chloride) f 9002-06-2 (Polyvinyl Chlorlda) Eli - 0310 SO - Gig Tr Prof Zabol 1983 Apr;(4):30-2 31 AU TI LA m MH MH m 0A OP IS .TA AUI F PG SO ZN RF VI JC AA RN EM AB SO - Ftshbain L - Toxicity of the componant* of poly(vtnylchloHde) polymari addltlvat. - Eng - Animal ; Chemical IndutTry ; Flama Ratardanti/toxlelty - Fraa Radicals > Haat ; Human i Mica ; Plastlclzers/toxlelty - Plasttc*/"tox<ctty ( "Polyvinyl Chlorlda ( "Polyvinyl* > Rats - Rev1au - 040530 - 1984 - 0361-7742 - Prog Clin 61ol Ra* - 04194192 - 113-36 -M - Zl.107.567.075 - 120 - 141 - PZ5 - Author - 9002-06-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride) - 0408 - The **11 ant feature* of tha toxicity of a number of additive* used In polyvinyl chloride polymers were reviewed with primary emphasis on the toxicity of plasticizers (a.g.> dlethylhexyl phthalate and Its metabolltes> butylbenzylphthalate and df(2-ethylhexyl)adipate>. heat stabilizers (e.g.. organotin and lead stabilizers), blowing agents (e.g,. azodtearbonamida). free-radical Initiators (e.g.. benzoylperoxlde. lauroyl peroxide, tar.butylhydroperoxide and d<-tort.butylparoxlda. and flame retardant* (a.g.> decabromodlphenyl oxide). The paucity of toxicity data on tha vast majority of PVC additives should ba stressed. - prog Clin Biol Re* 1904;141:113-36 * 00017064 PVC PAGE 4 3 AU Pitch CM ; Koronet II Haat shield reduce U Eng Body Temperature Haatlng ; Human { alncubator Infant t Infant Infant* Newborn t ainfant* Pramatura * Polyvlnj Chloride *Hatar Lon. Insensible DA 041105 DP 1904 Sap IS 0003*-9000 TA Arch DU Child UI 05021537 PG 006-0 SB A i M ZN Zl.542.363.300 IP 9 VI 59 JC 6X6 AA Author RN 9002-06-t (Polyvinyl EM 0501 AB A haat ahlald coydred by polyvinyl chlorlda film graatly raduead Imanslbla water loss and radiant anargy raqulramanta In 12 pratarm Infanta on a radiant cradla. Maaiurad tranamlttanca of radiant anargy amlttad by tha radiant haatar wai Impadad minimally by various thin film plaitlea but wai blocked significantly by Perspex. SO - Arch DU Child 1904 Sapi59(91:006-0 33 AU TI LA MH m m m m DA .\ OP is \ J TA JUI V KSB . ) ZN O' IP "V RP VI JC AA RN Canning AE > Brunk U > Dallnar 6 Phthalata astars and their affaet on tha llvar. Eng Equipment and Supplies * Fatty Aeld Desaturases/metabolUm Hemodialysis Human ; Intastines/metabolUm i Ktdney/metabolUm Lipids/metabolism > Llvar/adrug effeets/netabol1sm/ultrestructure Lung/metobolism ; Microscopy* Electron > Phthalic Aclds/toxieity Plattieiiert/atoxic1ty S Polyvinyl Chloride/toxicity ProteIns/metaboilim ; Review t Support* Non-U.S. Gov't Time Factors > Tissue Distribution 040713 1904 May-Jut 0270-9139 Hepatology B4210416 541-7 M Zl.107.567.075 3 35 4 GBZ Author EC 1.14.99.- (Fatty Acid Deseturases) ucc 0^4850 00017063 pvc pise es RH EC 1.3.99.3 (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase) RN BA-75-3 (dl-n-hexyl phthalate) ; 900E-B6-C (Polyvinyl Chloride) CM 6409 AB The advantageous propart(at of polyvinyl ehlorlda plaattea make these materials indispensable at all lavala of human life, and thara If no raaion to beltave that tha upuard trand of thalr use will change. Ona third of molt polyvinyl chloride plaittci con*Iit* of plasticizers* mostly phthalate altar*, which may migrate out contaminating our environment and consequently our bodies. Experimental results Indicate that chronic exposure to phthelfe esters may be responsible for a number of adverse health effects. Phthalates change the structure and function of the liver in a profound manner by inducing peroxisomes> mitochondria and enzymes which participate in fatty acid transport and beta-oxidation. Prolonged administration of phthalate estersi in doses comparable to those occurring in human exposures> seems to have an accumulative effect on the liver. Liver biopsies taken from dialysis patients show peroxisome proliferation which again warn of the possibility that human health may be Influenced by plasticizers. Hepatology 1964 Hay-Jun;4(3>:541-7 Barela LS i Shimizu RY i Brewer TC ! Bruckner DA Evaluation of intestinal parasite morphology in polyvinyl alcohol preservatlve* comparison of copper sulfate end mercuric chloride bases for use in Schaudim fixative. / LA Eng \ / MM Comparative Study i Copper/pharmacodynamic* l Evaluation Studies MH Feces/mierobIology i\Fixativet/epharmaeodynMics ; Human MH Mercury/apharmacodynaaies t Polyvinyl Alcohol/*pharmacodynamics MH Preservatlon> Biological ; Protozoa/druy effects DA 610909 \/ DP 1963 Jun \/ IS 0095-1137 \/ TA J Clin Hlerobiol \ ./ UI 63266091 \/ PS 1092-5 \/ SB M \/ ZN Zl. 107.567.675 IP 6 \/ Y VI 17 /\ JC HSH /\ AA Author /\ RN 0 (Schaudinn's fixative 1 /( 7439-97-6 (Mercury) PH 7440-50-6 (Copper) ! 7467-94-7 (mWrcurie chloride) RN 7758-96-7 (copper sulfate) i 9002469-5 (Polyvinyl Alcohol) EM 6311 /\ AB As a result of disposal problems inherent In the use of mercury compoundsi many laboratories have considered using copper sulfate as a substitute for mercuric chloride' in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) preservatlve. The primary use for PVA-preserved specimens is the permanent stained smear, the most important technique for the identification of intestinal protozoa. A comparison of organism 0001694* PVC PAGE 69 Spain, 6 typa* of membrane filters tut tod to the Mi no* Research Establishment IMRE] dust eollsetor mopo invostigotod leolluloso nitrate, glass fibre, PVC, polyamide, gelatin, alginate). Aspaets discussad ere tha offsets of humidity, tho possibility of tfcist analysis on tho mesferane Itsslf, and rasistaneo to airflow. In all these studios, membranes of polyvinyl chloride or glass fibre gave tha bast results. KM - MEMBRANE FILTERS ( RESPIRABLE OUST { MINING IMXJSTRY KM - FILTRATION SAMPLING DUST MEASUREMENT t SPAIN t COMPARATIVE STUDY KN - INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY ; DUST ANALYSIS t ILO EM - 611 _____________________________ 99 SI - CIS/66/00661 CC - 120 AU - Grasso P t Mason PL i Cameron MM S Sharratt M TI - Tissue reaction te the intrapleural injection of polyvinyl chloride powder, *-quart* and titanium dioxide SO - Annals of Occupational Hygiene 1963, Vol.7, No.4, p.415-425. Ulus. 23 ref. PT JOURNAL ARTICLE U - Eng AB - Intraplairal injections of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) powder, e-quarts (Known To be highly fibrogenic) and titanium dioxide (known to be biologically inert) ware administered to rats. Reaction to PVC powder was very similar to the reaction to titanium dtoxfde/macrophage accumulation with very little fibrosis. Reaction to e-quart* was, as expected, strong - consisting of the development of fibrous tissue. The conclusion is that PVC powder inhalation would not lead to silicosis-like diseases. KM - POLYVINYL CHLORIDE { RESPIRABLE DUST ) FIBROGENIC EFFECTS KM - ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS ', LUNG { COMPARATIVE STUDY KM - CONNECTIVE TISSUE DEVELOPMENT I ILO RN - 9002-66-2 ; 7631-66-9 S 13663-67-7 EM -6611 _ ,,, O/Vt .^ t- 100 SI - HEEP/64/09353 AU - GRASSO P I MASON PL ; CAMERON IRt I SHARRATT H AD - Group Oeeup. Health Cent., British Petroleim Co. PLC, Chertsey Road, SLstbis-y-on-Thames Middlesex TM16 7LN, U.K. TI - Tissue reaction to the intrapleural injection of polyvinyl chloride powder, alpha-quarts and tt Tanitm dioxide. SO - AIM OCCUP HYG; 27 14). 1963 (RECD. 1966). 615-426. LA - ENG CD - A0HYA AB - HEEP COPYRIGHT! MOL ABS. A comparative study was conducted to assess the potency of 3 Industrial dusts, PVC (polyvinyl chloride), alpha-quarts and T102, in producing fibrosis at tha site of deposition when administered to rats by the intrapleural and 1.p. routes. PVC and T102 produced little reactions this consisted mainly of maerophage accumulation with little fibrosis which reached a peak 1 wk after treatment and showed no evidence of further progress. elpha-Querts produced a severe reaction 00017296 PAGE 106 VC 216 SI AU I" V T0XBI6/66/U0666 Pastorino U i Bern1no P I Gervailo A t Pesantl V t Rlboll E Croslgnani P OCD Department of Nat tonal Cancer lnetttute> HI lent Italy. Proportion of lung cancers due to occupational exposure. Int J Cancert VOL 33, ISS 2, 1906, P231-7 Eng IJCNA 0020-7136 The proportion* of male lung cancers due to occupational exposure and, respectively, to cigarette smoking In a highly industrialized area of Northern Italy were estimated In a population-based case-control study In 1976-9. Tuo hundred end four out of the 211 lung cancer cases and 351 controls sampled from the source population were questioned about their occupational and smoking histories. On the basis of the occupational history each subject was classified as probably exposed < + ) possibly exposed It), or unexposed (-> to one or more of the chemicals known to be carcinogenic for the human lung, namely asbestos, polycyeltc aromatle hydrocarbons, arsenic, nickel and chromium compounds, BCME, C191E and vinyl chloride. Upon stratification by cigarette smoking, contrasting the occupationally exposed subjects, whether certainly or uncertainly defined, with the unexposed ones, the RR for lung cancer was 2.1 and the occupational etlologic fraction was 0.33 (95% confidence interval 0.19-0.67). The tobacco etlologic fraction was 0.61, while the Tuo exposures together accounted for 69% of the total burden of incident eases. If 33% of all male lung cancers were of occupational aetiology, then this alone would represent 5% of ell cancer deaths. T0XBIB ; Aged i Air Pollutants, Occupational ; Female i Human Italy ; Lung Neoplasm* ETIOLOGY/eOCCURRENCE i Hale ; Middle Age Occupational Diseases ETIOLOGY/*OCCURRENCE ; Smoking ; Statistics Support, Non-U.S. Gov't , Tobacco Smoke Pollution 8606 215 SI - CIS/66/00836 CC - 130 AU - Ream JH TI - Teratogens and the eale - An analysis with special reference to herbicide exposure SO - Medical Journal of Aa*tr*11a/\9 July 1983, Vol.E, No.l, p.16-20. 66 ref. PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE LA - Eng AB - There are 3 mechanism* which exposure of the male to toxic substances may cause pool reproductive performance or congenital malformations In his off) jngi a direct effect on pituitary-hypothalamic func or male sex hormones! a direct effect on the sperm Itbelf iprmalities in seminal fluid with secondary abnormalities due to dissolved toxins. Experimental studies with 7 drug* and 5 group* of toxie chemicals are Ucc ^8S3 I 00017005 PVC page ios Independent risk factor contributing to IHD development. 9002-86-2 0307 AU - Richard* RJ t Ro*a FA t Tetley TO i Cobb 111 s Hardy CJ TI - Effect* In the rat of Inhaling PVC du*t at the nu1*ance dust level (10mg/m(3>). SO - Archive* of Environmental Health Jan.-Feb. 1981> Vol.36. No.lt p.16-19. Illu*. 13 ref. PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE LA - Eng AB - A small number of scattered ling lesions were detected In rats after 15 ueaka exposure to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dust at a concentration of 10mg/mt3) for 6h/day and 5 days/week. The lesions remained 15 weeks after exposure to PVC dust had ceased. Feu biochemical changes uere detected at the alveolar surface in lung tissue or In other organs In PVC-exposed rats. At the nuisance dust level PVC exhibits only weak biological activity. KH POLYVINYL CHLORIDE i BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS t BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE LUNG KH - RESPIRABLE DUST { PLASTICS INDUSTRY I ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS KH - BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS ; ILO RN - 9002-86-2 EM - 8611 210 SI NTIS/PB86-1B AU Roberts DR AD National Inst, for Occupational Safaty and Healtht Cincinnati. OH. Dlv. of Survel1lance. Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies. TI - NI0SH-EPA (National Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health/Environmental Protection Agency) Interagency Agreement for the Assessment of Human Health Effects from Exposure to Di-2-(Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (Summary Report)> SO Govt Reports Announcement* 8 Index (6RA8I)> Issue 15. 1986 00 NTIS/PB86-182067 > 17p PR NTIS Prices: PC A02/HF A01 AB TD3: A suitable worker population was sought to conduct a retrospective cohort mortality study for occupational exposure to d1-2-(ethyihexyliphthalate (117817) (DEHP). Companies were contacted regarding annual DEHP consumption or production, types of processes for which DEHP was used, the sis* of the potentially exposed workforce, and the length of time DEHP had been used. The Society of the Plastic* Industry (SPI) stated that the major use of DEHP was as a plasticiser In polyvinyl-chloride (9002662) (PVC) produets. The highest potential source of worker exposures was during the formulating and compounding of the plastic resin. Surveys were then conducted of a plastic* manufacturer, a PVC plastic sheet processing facility, and two aerosol filter testing facilities. Field monitoring was conducted of worker exposures to DEHP. The authors conclude that the populations exposed to DEHP were too small and not employed long enough to offer a suitable study cohort. Field monitoring showed worker exposures of less ucc 044854 I 00017015 PVC PAGE 118 227 SI - TOXBIB/63/200906 , AU - Smith TJ ; Cafarella JJ t Chelton C t Crowley S AO - Department of Environmental Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Bolton, HA. \/ TI Evaluation of emissions from slmdiatpd commercial meat wrapping Optratlon* uilng PVC wrap. \y SO - Am Ind Hyg Aasoc Ji VOL 66, ISS M 1983. P176-S3 LA - Eng /\ CO - AIHAA /\ IS - 0002-8696 /\ KM - TOXBIB ! Aaroaolt i Air Pollutants MTOXICITT KM - Air Pollutant*, OccupaJ'tonal aTOXICITY ; Haat t Human KM - Haat-Packing Industp< J Polyvinyl Chloride PTOXICITY KM - Polyvinyl* *TOXICITT S Support, Non-U.S. Cov't KM - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 9002-66-2 3----- ----------------- ----------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- - BIB/66/073856 tar CA i Gauld S tltuta of Occupational Madicin*, Edinburgh. nlcal etudla* of workers exposed to polyvinylchloride dus rax! VOL 38, ISS 11, 1963, P636-9 l to - thuRA IS - 0060-6376 AB - A previous study showed that exposure of workers to polyvinylchloride (PVC) dust was associated with the presence of small rounded opacities In the chest radiograph, and also with a small average reduction of the foreed expiratory volume In one second (FEV1). Studies have now been carried out on selected men to determine the ellnleal Importance of the presence of small rounded opacities and also to Identify any clinical or physiological features associated with PVC dust exposure. Among 28 men with small rounded opacities, complaints of persistent bronchial mucous hypersecretion were more common (nine men) than amont 29 man of similar age, smoking habits, and dust exposures (one man, p less than 0.01), and there was a suggestion that the physical sign of late inspiratory crackles was more frequent among men with opac1t1e* (seven of 27 men) than the other men (two of 28 men, p less than 0.05). the average lung function of men with opacities was only trivially lower than that of the comparative group and the difference between the groups was not significant. In further studies 13 non-smokers with the highest PVC dust exposure and lowest FEV1 (adjusted for age, height, weight, and dust exposure) were examined. None had an observed FEV1 less than 60X of the predicted value for age and height, and these men did not differ in symptoms, signs, or lung function from non-smokers with low dust exposure and similarly low FEV1. In a similar study of 18 smokers with the highest PVC dust exposures and lowest adjusted FEV1, seme men had an observed FEV1 well below SOX of predicted values for non-smokers, but with one I uec 044855 I 00017035 PVC PACE 135 are Mil particle powders containing vary little free monomer. KM KM KM RN - W- 269 81 AU - Nilkinson RR AD - Midwest Research Institute* Kansas City* Missouri. TX - Technoeconomic and environmental assessment of Industrial organotin compounds. SO - Meurotoxicology (Park Forest 11); VOL 5. JSS 2* 1984* P141-58 LA - Eng CD - NRTXD IS - 0161-813X AB - Current uses of organotlns Include heat stabilisers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC)> catalysts for polyurethane foam and silicone rubber* biocides* and animal health products. Domestic production consumption (n 1962 is about 26 million pounds* and overall growth Is estimated at 7 percent per year. Physical properties of organotlns* including solubility In water* octanol-water partition coefficients* and Freundltch adsorption Isotherm constants* are not well characterised. Analytical methods for tin in environmental and biological matrices involve concentration* separation* and Identification by chromatography* spectrometry * and spectroscopy. Environmental fate and effects of organotlns are not well understood. Degradation reactions may yield a complex set of products* including inorganic tin oxide. The effects of exposure of workers and release of organotlns to the environment at point sources have been documented. Nonpoint sources of environmental exposure Include discard and sanitary landfill disposal of plastics and direct release of biocides to aquatic or marine environments. Other dissipative uses of organotlns which pose potential human risk Include PVC food wrapping and bottles and rigid potable water pipe. The long term health effects of low level exposure to organotins are not known. Toxic metal cycling In the environment* Including biomethylatlon of Inorganfe tin by naturally occurring bacteria* is of rising concern. KM - TOXBIB ; Chemistry ( Chromatography * 6as > Economics KM - Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Pollution ; Human KM - Kinetics ; Occupational Diseases CHEMICALLY INDUCED KM - Organotin Compounds /ANALY3XS/P0XS0NXNG ; Refuse Disposal KM - Support* U.3. Sov't* Non-P.H.S. f ucc 044856