Document YGqKjybOM5wNv4Z4gpBNjgNN0

:X*S stfr:- .: 'i V '" *?; >i Ir /y.:>.'.*V ^rr .^-d :?,*' ...? k . -V ." .vtiVi";1 y'n. , ' :/ vi^'" ' s; \ - s-.' * - r "}f.^ . '... ;-v^ . - ** Nv :.. '# : Aif ,> J.* .''v .< ?:** ;:^y.. r;:? ; ' *. v mmmT? "fo; fi-'W '.V r: : f:ri,y. ... vr'trA .? - aj* ^ ' ` i ,r IDAY, JULY 23j 4976 ^ A *: , ;^ a: W;>,. <2r>-:: -'^%h*> ." v-:- Wr-a ......... v.,'-V'-t""A">=V- .: - ''`ass -;... A.' : :t- .-'J *. -V c' ' .'V'-aS^. ENVIRONMENTAL ... PROTECTION k AGENCY i!- rtrwS^^fs^rr' -. ' r:. *?<i .v - ~ . V .v ,. 7 e. :>. -a -.-.r ' M /V^.VXEWvWV* .* ***:.. WATER PROGRAM *> "OP0***! Toxic Pollutant Effluent. Standards for Polychlorinated Biphenyl:is ^-' -^-1 - ", - V '- >/.r . "v,y v^*sMONS 059870 ,VV rfi *- . OI /- ;.vv**;r^ ,< -v-t/-V' fe! r - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION'? , i ufacturers of PCBs and manufacturers.. the Inherent limitations of point source ` ^-s, " ^,, *. agency: ; ' oftransformers and capacitors who use.^lschargreontrol, towards the degreeof : HOCFwVart JJ "jJ; > ' PCBs and who discharge directly ffito protection for aquatic -and other orgathe navigable waters. Standards are as-, atoms And human health envisioned r-. A'> 'frf *" ^ 'r ...IFRt'WWJ* 'y tabllshed forboth existing and new sunder the. Act, and are technologically r> ** / ' WATER^ PROGRAM ^ * -souroes.-Owners and operators of facil--achievable by Industry. The Agency will ,,,, lUes which discharge into publicly owned continue'to review the standards estab- " ' FropMtd Toile Pollutant IHIumK -4^ treatment works, as defined In section lished In this rulemaking as additional Standard* for Polychlorinated Biphenyls- s\ 313 of the Act (sometimes referred to as data 'become available to determine '/A Nolle* la vlronmental hsrsby given that Protection Agency, ptuhr*suBaon-t,''^"biny dthireecsttadnidsachrdasrgheerrse"i)n, are not covered proposed. Row-> whether-further protection. more stringent standards. Is Including necessary to th* authority contained in section ever, the Agency will propose pretreat-;: and feasible. . " 907(a) of th* Federal Water pollution ment standards In due course for such In- : , T<*. -; Control Act (the Act) as amended by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act ' direct discharges pursuant to the authority contained in section 307(b) of tha* * cs* or rK*..*ifvjsoiawT ' Amendment* of 1973 (Pub. L. 92-400, 96 Act following proposal x>f these stand---, PCBs are a class of organie compounds Btat 916, 99 UJB.C. 1251 et aeq.t.-pro-' ardjL.>... ` manufactured by the -cblorlnstlOn of: #poses additional eeotlona to Part 139. set : The term polychlorinated biphenyls re- 'biphenyl with anhydrous chlorine using ting forth proposed effluent standards for fera to a family of organic chemicals ifon filings or fprrlc chloride as a cata- polyohlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). On which have been produced and marketed -:jyst- The blphitnyb molecule has a total June 10,1979, the Agency proposed a new In this country for approximately 49-. of ten carbon-hydrogen bonds at which - Part 139, setting forth proposed effluent years. These organic chemicals sre syn-.-, chlorine substitution can be aecommo- standard* for the following toxic poilut- thetlcally made and consist of a number" dated. In the manufacture of PCBs any- . ante: aldrln/dleldrln. DOT (DDD, DDE), of chlorinated biphenyl Isomers. They are where from one to ten chlorine atoms endrln and toxaphene, 41 PJl. 23976 et highly stable compound* -and am used may be located on the biphenyl molecule, *.. *q. on June 50, 2976. the Ageney pro- primarily a* dielectric and heat transfer Depending upon the location of thft v poeed effluent standards for bensldine, 41 fluids, though they have other uses as substitutions, theoretically as many as PJl. 87013 et esq. Those fits pollutants, well. PCBs have been conclusively de- 209 separate compounds, or isomers, of as well as polychlorinated biphenyls monstrated to produce lethal and suble- the chlorinated biphenyl family can be (PCBs), were Included on a list of toxic tKal toxlo effect* at low dose levels upon manufactured. _ - pollutant* previously published by the* a wide range of fish, mammals, and other The PCBs manufactured by Monsanto' Agency pursuant to Section 907(aMl>,` wildlife1, and have also demonstrated ad are .marketed under the trade name 91 PJl. 34343 *jt esq. (September 7.1979). verse health effects to human*. Moreover, Aroelor, followed by a four digit num _ ' . Section 107(a(3> of the Act provides a* follow*: *' .. they are highly mobile end persistent In the environment, and` 'bl`oeccumu'la`te - greatly in fflaeue. Within oq* hundred and eighty days after the date of puMInotion of any list, or revision . thereof, containing toils poUuteato or oocnhtnatlon of pollutants under paragraph (I) of this subsection, the Administrator, la #*- The sole manufacturer in the United States, Monsanto Industrial Chemicals Company, currently produces approxlmatoly 40 million pounds of PCBs per ber.-with -biphenyl" represented by the Am two digits -13". and the approxi mate ehlorlne percentage represented by the second two. Thus. Aroelor 1343 le a mixture containing approximately 43 percent chlorine. The principal Aroelor* which have been marketed over the pan . . oordaneo with section 999 of Title I of the year. Import* of PCBs currently amount decade by Monsanto are 1221,1233. 1242. ' >*: . -v- > -* -i -.V . ' * ;r'>? Unite* itotae Podc, shall publish a prapoaa* 'i* ''effluent standard (or prohibition) for snob 'I' poUtttoater combination of pollutants which v shall take late account the tatfetty of. the ^ / pollutant, Its persistence, degradability, tha i -ueual or potential prsssnos of US* affected *' J1. sigsnisim in oaf waters, th* tmportanes cr the afsetod erganlsme sad the nature and Mini of tha affaot of tha taxis pollutant on to about 0.4 million pounds per year. 1243, 1254 and 1280, although at this Since 1970 Monsanto has voluntarily tim* there Is no active marketing of 1333, restricted Its domestic sale* of PCBs to 2243 or i960. In addition. Aroelor 1016 use in transformers and capacitors (an exception to the previously Identified (dosed systems). consequently Modsan- nomenclature system) ts being marketed, to and the manufacturers of transform- and bean approximately 4ii percent n and liquid-filled capacitors are tig- chlorine. For an extensive dlscuMlon of nifleant sources of further oontamlna-- the chemical and physical properties of ... enah organisms, end he shall publish a ao lion or potential contamination resulting pcb*. see Oi Sruteinger, 0. Bare, and V. ' >' j' 'tic* for s pubUs hearing on such, proposed , " standard to be haM within thirty day*, do .... ' s*on as possible after suob bearing.'be*not ir later than ala months after publication of the proposed effluent standard (or prohiM tton), unices the Administrator And* on th* record, that a modIdeation of suob propooad ' standard (or prohibition) la jusUffed' bawd tram the discharge of domestically man- Zitkot "The Chemistry of PCBs." CRC ^factored PCB* into the aquatic envl- rrr*w 1.974. v ronmeat * .* The- unique physical'and chemical The proposed standards Include a pro- propertlsa of PCBs tnclud* low vapor hlblUon on discharge of PCBs by any - pressure at ambient temperature*, re- PCB manufacturer. With respect to any elstanow to combustloo, remarkable manufacturer of transformers or capac- chemical stability, high dielectric eon- ^ ' upon o prapondsranca of evidence adduced flora, a prohibition of any PCBs In any stant and high specific electrical nelstlv- ' si such ncarings, such standard (or prohibt* effluent discharge of process wastes is lty and low water solubility. At the same ttob) shall be promulgated. . * proposed, with limited exceptions, and an \ttme; PCBs are Upkl soluble end hence ' The regulations proposed at, this time average dally concentration limit per the potential for absorption Into fatty eetabliahaffluent standards for manufac month of 1 pg/1 Is proposed for any other tissue and Into the liver is high. Thus turers of PCBs and manufacturers of discharge. For new sources, a prohibition once Ingested PCB* are retained by most ' transformers and oapacttors which con on discharge of PCBs in process wastes organisms rather thin excreted. The " tain PCBs. Standard* are proposed for both existing and new souros*. < Tbs following, together with the ma tsrials and Information hereinafter re ferred to and incorporated by reference, In conjunction with an average dally concentration limit per month of 0.1 p%f\ for other discharges U proposed. Regulation of discharges under the Act cannot, by Itself, guarantee an ample margin of safety for all organisms and qualities of persistence which make PCB* useful for many Industrial pur poses greatly aggravate their potential for harm In th* ecosystem. Although the principal uses of PCB* today are in "closed" electrical systems sets forth th* basis and' purpose of the human health even If all point source (transformers and capacitors), PCBs - effluent standard* proposed at this time. discharges were prohibited, In light of have been used over the years for a > Bommaxt or Pasfcxr*& PWsTtnme aim Bcfsrm or m Piorosro Rionunoim the serious environmental problem which variety of more "open" usee resulting th already exist*. Date available to the greater direct contamination of the en Agency Indicate that the standard* pro vironment. These other uses Include an The regulations here proposed would posed at this time will however result eddittve la investment easting waxes, establish effluent standards for all man- In maximum feasible progress, within lubricant additives, hydraulic and 00m- KDHAl IICISIK, VOL 41, NO. 143--F.IOAY, JULY ]}, 1,7, HONS 059831 - > J\-. v PROPOSED RUIIS , ;;.. 3049C; prsreor fluid, ' carbonless copy paper,* coIogiealvdate concerning PCBs, 41 FR at the conclusion of the hearlnlp that?' plasticizers, paints, heat exchange fluids, 0409. FDA has also bannedTCBa for use the reoord did not contain sufficient evl- certain types of paper and Malania. Moat In food and feed processing. - - denee on wfaJeb to promulgate responsible . of tbeee uses have been substantially * 'The American National Standards In and defensible standards. Accordingly,; curtailed,-but the PCBs which have stitute has Issued guidelines for Industry the Agency decided to gather additional - entered the environment u e result of on the use, disposal and labelling of data and repropose Its standards, sup- ... these usee, end which continue to be PCBs, and Is currently considering more ported by an expanded date base. The pieced in the environment, will be there extensive guidelines for the handling, standards proposed at this time thus su-- for many jean. Some of these uses are servicing and disposing of existing equip persede the PCBs portion of the proposal resulting in effluent discharges which are ment containing PCBs. of December 27. 1073. not subject to the standards proposed at The General Services Administration The Agency's decision to gather addl- this Uma owing, to Insufficient data. As (GSA) has banned PCBs in carbonless tional date and to repropose standards such data beoome available. bowever, the copy paper purchased by the Federal was discussed at considerable length in Agency expects to take appropriate government and the Department of the the Preamble to the Notice of Fropoeed measures to control such discharges pur Interior (DOl) has prohibited the use Toxic Pollutant Effluent Standards for suant to the Act or other applicable of PCBa in offshore oil operations. Aldrln/Dieldrln, DDT, Endrln and Toxa- * statutory authority. :* '\ The Environmental Protection Agency phene, published In the Federal Rsqxstu < It Is estimated that over the past 45\- (EPA) has proposed regulations pursuant on June 10,1076, 41 FR 23576, to which * yean approximately 1.4 billion pounds of ' to section 211 of the Federal Water Pollu the reader Is referred and which te here PCBs have been produced In the United tion Control Act to control spills of num by incorporated Into this PCB statement, States, of which 1*28 billion have been erous Identified hazardous substances, of basis and purpose by reference. i used In .this country and the balance ex including PCBs. These regulations are ported. Of this 1.25 billion pounds, ap- - Intended to establish reporting require proxlmately 960 million pounds have ments, to establish harmful quantities, eimmAi'novigioNg . r been used In electrical equipment. In ad- - and to fix civil penalties for spills. Th# dltton, It Is estimated that only approxi- Agency further anticipates use of its au The notice of proposed rulemaking* -' jL metely 50 million pounds have.degraded, thority under section 111 to require published on Jtme 10, 1076, proposed'^.5; . that 750 million pounds are presently In industry to prepare spill prevention con provisions of gensral applicability to all 1 service, and that.4*0 million -pounds are trol plans. - , standards issued under section 807(a);; ^ In landfills {ostensibly as a result of dis The Agency, In October. 1075, Issued These were ret forth as It 120.1 through vJf posal) and In air, water, aoll and sedi in draft form a-set of water quality cri 130.8. Those Sections, are promulgated1-.TM ments.. >.' : y.:"r teria' pursuant to section 904(a) of the will be applicable te standards eeteb-fc^ In contrast, It is estimated that dis- . Act recommending maximum permissi chargee to the aquatic environment each' ble concentrations In the ambient water year from the approximately ll manu- . for numerous pollutants, including PCBs. facturera of capacltore and transformers, .The concentration level proposed at that plus Monsanto, probably do not exceed time was 0.001 st/1 for PCBs. That docu 10,000 pounds, with direct discharges ! ment. Is-currently being reviewed prior from thiM sources accounting for less, to final publication, c . - than one-third this amount. Although ? - On April 1, 1076, the Agency issued efforts to reduce substantially and evsn-l recommended procedures for disposal of tually eliminate this source of environ- , PCBs by industrial users, pursuant to mental oontaminatlon will have a rela section' 304(h)- *of the Solid Waste Dis tively minor effect on the overall PCB posal Act, 41 FR 14194, problem as It 'currently exists...such Cm July 6,1073, the Agency published efforts are likely to have a more- elgnif- ' In the Federal Rioxetxr a proposed list leant impact in reducing future environ-,: of nine toxic pollutants pursuant to sec mental oontaminatlon and in alleviating tion 107(a) (1) of the Act, 91 FR 18044. llshed hereunder for polychlorinated - * biphenyls. Owners and operators of facfl-^ l lties which are or may be subject te the\> standards proposed herein are expremly r referred to that notice of proposed rule-.g making for provisions relating to scop*/ and purpose, definitions, abbreviations,/ compliance procedures (JncJudlDf noti fication to the Regional Administrator or State Director of an approved NFDBS ' permit program, aa appropriate), of any discharge subject to there standards, re quirements . and procedures for estab lishment of a more, stringent effluent . limitation than that established in there. proceedings, and^ compliance date. ^ ^ - ; v , the gpeolflo environmental problems in. The nine substances were: aldrtn/dlelthe Immediate receiving waters. Conse dtin,benzidine, cadmium, eynanide; DDT .TUX STANDARDS TOR POLYCHLORINATED quently the Agency believes that the- (DDD. DDE)-? eedrln, mercury, polychlo standards proposed at this time will con rinated biphenyls and totapfaene. Follow -*.in the notice of proposed Toxic PoQui-*' >,.* stitute an important element ln the over- ' ing- receipt of public oomment, the list ant Effluent Standards published Jtanff' * all effort to reduce and ultimately eliml- was'promulgated on September 7, 1979, 10, 1976, standards were proposed for - nets say further addition of PCBs to the: together with a discussion of the Agency's aldrin/dleldrin, DDT (ODD, DDE); i- environment. election criteria and a response to com drln and toxaphcne in Sections 138.100; ' c ments received on the proposed list, 38 through 129.103 reepectiveiy. In addition, 1. PRIOR RX0PL4T0RY ACTION AND RZLATXD FR 24342 et-seq. The promulgated list the Agency has proposed te add a new "i >' roams _ ;ttm . syyom to axDuct tNvnoNioitTAi tx- consisted'Of.-the-game nine substances 1199.104 containing affluent standards previously proposed/... v;. , . for benzidine, 41 FR 27012 (June 90. - w ~ BecauM of the demonstrated toxicity .. .' On December 27, 1079, the Agency pro 1976).: ; .. *;* T.i-'.i of PCBs and the human health throat - posed toxic pollutant effluent standards The standards proposed herein #ouM* O, posed by tngsstlon of PCBs through the for each of these nine substances, to add a new Section 129.105 te provide ' ' food chain, the Food and Drug Adminis gether with a summary of the factors coverage for PCB* for new and existing tration (PDA) of the Department -of considered In retting the standards, and sources In the following industrial cate-, Health, Education and Walfare estab a list of-point source categorise of dis gorles: Manufacturers of PCBs, manu lished temporary tolerances for PCBs In chargee proposed for coverage, 86 FR facturers of transformers, and manufac food pursuant to the Federal Food, Drug 95388 et seq. In accordance with section turers of capacitors. Coverage is pro and Oosmetle Act. 21 CFR 122.10 (July 9, 307(a) (2) of the Aot, a formal rulemak vided for both new and existing sources, . 1070. Thaee tolerances included, for ex ing hearing on the proposed standards and for purposes of there standards, a ample, 5 parts per million (ppm) in the was scheduled. A prehearing conference new source le defined as any source on - edible port'on of fish and shellfish, 2.5 was held on January 25, 1074, followed which construction is begun following ppm in milk and dairy products, 6 ppm - by a thirty day evidentiary bearing held the date of this proposed rulemaking. If in poultry, 0.6 ppm in eggs and 0.2 ppm during April and May. During the course standards are subsequently promulgated in infant and junior foods. On Febru of those hearings, which were held under pursuant to this proceeding. . The ary 20, 1076, FDA announced that it is severe time constraints, the Agency be Agency's data indicate that these stand 'actively considering a lower temporary came aware of certain gaps In its data ards will cover at least three plants tolerance for fish In light of recent toxl- bare. As a result, the Agency determined manufacturing transformers, and at least HOIlAl Rtomt*. VOt SI, NO. 149--SRIOAV, JULY 93, W* MOMS 059872 >TrV!- .5,'.' A- -v* v, iff *' A J0470V '. Vl;. * PROPOSED - RULES 'i v ` wj seven plaato'manufacturlng, capacitors.; tion/Beduction Technology and AssocU. of. mammalian **">t"*gyTmtol where all of which or* existing^. direct dls-.r ated Costs, Manufacturers of Electrical available, were also considered, as were ! ' cJuu^on^'j:vl''-"A..'' . ' ./ma-v ,; . \, ; Capacitors and Transformers; Adden data on persistence and degradability. . Each section Include*-'speclaliaed ; dum to Final Report. Task. TLT. . ... -: .,, Data- on toxic effects,of pollutants ai- - definitions of tho point source category Coptoa of the aforesaid criteria docu not available Tor all species that may be covered and prescribes acceptable analyt- ment and reports and supporting mate exposed to toxic pollutants In the com leal method*. Xn addition, provision to rials. as wall as other materials which plex ecosystem. There Is a vast number made for determination of weights and form a part of the bssls and purpose for of species throughout the entire ecosys concentration*. In cases where a dis-. these standards and which are listed an tem. and it would bs Impractical to try charge to allowed, the standard will be Appendix A below, are available for pub to gather test data on every one, or even specified as an average monthly concen lic Inspection and copying at ths U S. most of them. Because such data are not tration limit and a maximum concentre- Environmental Protection Agency, Pub available on all species, the range of sen tion at any time. . lic Information Unit, Room 2923 (SPA sitivity of a smaller number of tested Xn developing the standards proposed Library), 401 U 8WSW* Washington, species to used to provide a measure of herein the Administrator baa given care-.' D.C. 30408, during normal business the range of sensitivity of all species. The ful consideration to each of the factors hours. Copies of the criteria document Agency's criterion for PCBa. to based enumerated la section 907(a) (3). These and technology report and supplement upon a wide range of toxicity data for a factors include "the toxicity of the pol-- may also be inspected and copiod at phylogenetic cross section of organisms lutant, Its persistence, degradability, the' libraries in each of the 10 BPA regional as well as species representative of a usual or potential presence of the af offices.' wide geographic distribution. . fected organisms In any waters, the tan* . The approach utilised in arriving at Section 307(a) requires consideration. . portanci of the affected organisms and the standards herein proposed may be of the importance of organisms likely to the nature and extant of the effect of the generally stated as followa. - . be affected. Ecological Importance of as Undo pollutant on such organisms." in > - .. First, because the most important elw*. organism to dependent on the role the light of tho Act's manifest concern for. meat in setting the standards to the . .organism plays within the ecosystem and public health, which to* reflected both in toxicity considerations enumerated in upon Its relationship to the food chain , the statute and the legislative history, , section 907(a) (2), the starting point -is tbs Administrator has also considered; the development o! the criteria docuavailable data concerning human health xnent, which seta forth extensive data: within the aquatic community and the consumers ot aquatic life, Including man. Thus, toxicity data for the carnivores t ' effects attributable to PCBi. Ths data considered by the Administrator relating with respect to the environmental effects and behavior of PCBs. A principal ab the top of the food chain tn a given eco system. as wen as economically Impor . to those factors of toxicity and envlron- mental effect are set forth bs a "Criteria Document.* The Agency wm assisted in the preparation of this criteria document by Ian C. T. NIsbet, Ph.D., of the Masea* jective of the criteria document to to seek tant species such as front, salmon, men to arrive at an ambient level of PCBs haden and shrimp are properly consid based upon the data which will provide ered lc development of a protective an ample margin of safety for ail tmpor-. criterion level. Toxicity data for orga tant aquatic organisms and others ups nisms such as diatoms, crustaceans and ebUMtta Audubon society, a nationally recognised expert on the toxloology of apCBs. This document to hereby incor porated by reference ae part of the statement pf basis and purpose for the standards hereinafter proposed. .. - the food chain, including man. who may become exposed to It. This ambient wa ter criterion to expressed as a concentra- Uob of the pollutant in the water in .teems of micrograms per liter (*/l> (1 ag/=one part per billion). For tub- aquatic Insects are also Important since these organisms are a food base for higher consumers sod are representative of plants snd Invertebrate species found In most waters of the United States. On the basis of the foregoing data, a ' In addition, the 'Administrator has - stances such ae PCBs where the data In- considered the availability of various ,. dicate that chronic toxic affects may oc methods of control and related technol--' ogy by which'discharge of PCBs might be eliminated Or reduced. Hto authority to consider technology as well as .eco nomic Impact to discussed in detail in the cur at extremely low cooentrations, Jt becomes virtually impossible to state with confidence that any number above aero provides an ample margin of safety for -man. In sueb cases any criterion preamble portion of the Notice of Pro* * posed Toxic Pollutant Effluent Standards. Jewel dhosan should bo appropriately qualified to reflect these circumstances. published <m Juno 10,1070, to which tho The toxicity data deed In developing reader to referred. 4-.. . -\ '' these proposed standards were derived Xn order'to obtain relevant data for from laboratory studies as well as field this function, the Agency engaged the observations on the effects and behavior services of. Versar Inc* of Springfield. of PCBa These studies have been cost- Virginia, the study who are recognised experts in of wastewater treatment tech-,, .ducted on a variety of organisms tneludtag invertebrate, vertebrate, and mam-' nology and the control of pollutants- *"!** test species, and are well docu emitted by industrial souross. Vsnar Inc. mented in the scientific literature. These has prepared and submitted a report to .studies-provided extensive acute and the Agency concerning industrial dto- chronic toxicity data based primarily charge of PCBs and the assessment of on-feeding experiments for a wide range wastewater management and treatment technology, including technologies which of aquatic organisms and oonsumers of aquatic organisms. -0; ' - concentration level to sought which, it to believed, will provide that degree of . safety required by the Act for all impor tant organisms likely to be affected by it assuming a continued or chronic -pres ence of the pollutant at that level fit the water. In the ease of PCBa, as dis cussed below, this proved to be an ex tremely difficult task tn view of ttio al ready dangerously high levels of PCBs in some water bodies. j .i* rv-' - . After arriving at an ambient water' criterion, the Agency examined feasible control technology to ascertain what concentration levels industrial dtocharg- ers might be able to achieve In tbelr efflu ents, the availability of substitute prod- ucts for PCBs, and other factors rele vant to - the setting of standards. This process to discussed more specifically below (see "Rationale for Standard"), after tho following summary of the Agency's consideration of the available data base. . ~ . - . are actually tn use or which are or may Studies documenting/Moaccumulatior} (1) Composition, chemical and phys be available to industries to control or in the food chain organisms and bkv- ical characteristic* of PCBs. The com eliminate the discharge of PCBs. This re coneentratlon by orgeatoms directly mercial mixtures of PCBs have been ree- port to entitled "Assessment of Waste from the water provided an Important eonably well characterised. Each mixture water Management, Treatment Technol additional component date bass. Appro contains 10 to 20 major components and ogy, and Associated Costs for Abatement priate human toxicity data and studies a number of minor components; more ' of FCB Concentrations In Industrial Ef than oo of the 209 chlorinated biphenyl fluents." and to hereby incorporated by Ths Ags&ey stoo latsads that ths criteria (CB) isomers have been Identified tn the reference as a pert of the statement of document an* technology report and anpple- commercial mixtures. After release into basis and purpose of the standards here msol bs msds available through ths National the environment the eonstitOtion of the in proposed, along with a supplement Technical Information Santee tn Springfield, mixtures changes as some components thereto entiUed "PCBs Water Ellmma* trguua. ' . ' : are degraded while others persist. Since ffOEKAL IKClSTit, VOL 41, NO.-14X--*IOAV^JUtV 49, I*74 HONS 059673 % t -> J .1 .r -i 5* S0 r :* ` j'* - * -its. ,,-;:-r ^PROPOSED RULES . - - . ' .. 3M71?- _ j om* yompoasats ax* omi toxic then: The n vutii from the mannfaetur- other* this complicate* the evaluation iing area. at Monsanto consist of the of tha hazarda posed bp environmental'; liquor from tha scrubber, the condensate raaldum. ' :: '* * from the steam Jet ejectors, water used Highly toxlo Impurities, polycbloci- for showon and eyyfcaths, miscellaneous naked dibensofurens (PCDF>, are proa- floor wash drains, waste oQ collected la ent in small quantities to the range of drip pane and drums, and so-called 1 to W milligrams per liter (mg/1) In ' "montars" which are the bottoms from most commercial mixtures. Products their stills. The composition and quanti- Effluents from plants in this category'. - range between 2,500 gallons per day ft> -- 1.26 MOD. Thee* effluents are discharged *' Into the navigable water* or are lntn>v duced into POTWs without any treat-, ment directed toward PCB retnoral. Kf- * fluent lnfonnatlou obtained for 14 pianta Indicated that average effluent PCB eon- ' centxations ranged from less than 10* manufsotured overseas frequently con* tniw more pcDTs than American-made Aroclor mixtures. There Is evidence that PCDPs map be formed from PGBs both ties of the Individual waste streams are not monitored. All effluent streams gen* erated in the manufacturing area are coUeoted In sumps located la this area, sg/l to more than 6,000 ei/l Averse* mass emissions of PCBs from these pianta r ranged from tern than 0.01 lb/day to- nearly 3.5 lb/day. - t . ' la service; and'In the environment bp Reportedly .the aqueous dischargee photochemical and metabolic processes, amount to 150 ugA PCBa in 0.432 million Accordingly,- ths toxicity of PCB mix- gallons per d*ay " or 2.7 lb` /d*ay. turn is variable and environmental real* . The raw wastes generated in the Incin duet are sometimes more toxic than erator area at Montanso consist of the freshly manufactured products. However, venturi scrubber Uquor and the waste it Is not possible to separate the toxic phase from the oil-water separator sump, effects of pcdps and PCBs satisfactorily... Reportedly the aqueous discharges from <c) TIUHSrOMItX MANurscrtnuMC (. x . - There axe eighteen transform* plants ' operated by thirteen companies which manufacture transformers using PCB- . containing Askarel dielectric fluids. As- , ksrel transformer oils are blends of 60. to 100 percent Arodor 1254 or 1242 and and the environmental hesards of both this area amount to 15 ug/l PCBs in trichlorobenzene. This type of txans- *. must be considered together. <- 0.288 MOD or 0.38 lb/day. The total plant former constitutes only five to- ten per* * PCBs are viscous liquids or waxes, lhey uses a maximum of 0.389 MOD of water cent of these plants' transformer menu- . are freely soluble In organic solvents and - principally Sot cooling and a maximum factoring volume: The remaintaw in Uplds (fate), but have very low solu- of 380,000 lbs of steam. .'- blllty in water. In general, those PCBr -t xa addition to the aqueous discharges, with fewer chlorine atoms per molecule r ferns been estimated that about 25 lbs. are more soluble in water and more vola* f scrap oil and "monster" are produced manufacturing volume usee mineral oB 1 as the dielectric fluid, and there Is soma manufacture of air-cooled or gas cooled u' transformers as welL Askarel bans* - Ule than those with greater chlorine per ton of PCB produced, that about stfc formers are used when other types aiw - atoms per molecules. Accordingly, the < ibs of PCB in contaminated solids per ton unsatisfactory because of Assign Umlta* ' mixtures are differentiated during vola--. of PCB produced are landfilled daily and tions or where flammability le a prob* . UDiaUott and solution, the- lower CBs that lees than 1 lb/day of PCBs is lost lem. -The PCB usage In this eategtxy being more mobile. PCBa are strongly a* airemission*. was approximately 12,000,000 lbs in 1874. *' adsorbed onto surfaces and particles. In ' the aquatic environment their behavior. carserro* isawovactuiuwg -; At least three of these plan* have direct discharges and are therefore subject to is often oontrolled by thej presence and : TSiere are nineteen plants operated by tiie standards proposed at tills time. ' movem__e_n_t_o__f _s_edim__e_n_t_s_. . . .. seventeen companies manufacturing PCB There are two principal types of trans- v (2> Relevant we and wuteieater . impregnated capacitors In the United formers produced: electrical dlstribuUan, ' eharaeterietUa---(A) Manufacturing of ., states. At the present time approx traxwformexs which are uied to step - . PCJ3. Thesole domestio manufacturer : imately >5 percent of all liquid-filled down voltages, and power transformers of PCS* ; la the Monsanto Industrial t capacitors manufactured in the United 1 which are primarily used to step up volt- - . chemicals Company - rMoosanto")*, Btatea are of the PCB impregnated type, ages. Distribution transformer appflea- ' whoso manufacturing operation# are The two most frequent applications of : tioos Include use in networks, pad- - eonduoted at Its William O. Knunmrlch these capacitors are for phase corrections mounted and pole-mounted, and special " plant tn Sauget, Ullnots. Arodor* 1221 - qq power line* w"**1**1 to electrical precipitator power supplies located to </ and 1015 are used by capacitor menu-*. motors and for use a* ballast for fluoree* closed proxlmlkr to hoi gss stacks. - lecturer* aa dielectrics. Aroclors 1242 ^nt ugHMng systems. The PCB usage in Quantities of Askarel Used to Pans* and 1254 are used as principal ingredl- this category was approximately 23,000.- formers of this typo xangs from 109 to " ente tn formulating the Aakareie used OOO lb*. Id. 1574 with most of this being 6,000 Ibo eaeh. Many or Uim trans- - by transformer manufacturers. . -. Arodor 1016. At least seven of the nine* . former* have provisions for venting with . Monsanto dischargee Its affluent to teeti eapaelter' manufacturing plants spring loaded venting devtoe* or 41a- ' the Bauget FOTW, and therefore Is not fe*y* direct dischargee to the navigable phragm rapture dlsce. a a . ,A covered by the standards proposed atthis waters and are therefore covered by the Askarel power transformer appllco- time. The Agency expect* in due ooune ,, standards proposed at this time. tions lncludause tn primary and second*' r to propose pretreatment standards ap*. Moat plants manufacture either large ary subetationa industrial furnaces, rac* pUeable to this facility and to any other, 'power capacitor* ox email Industrial type tiflen, railtxansportation, sad forreoet-A faculty which may in the future dmmt- - units but not both. The large capacitors ance and grounding functions. Quanti* * factor* PCB*. A brief discussion of Mbu*.t- are either flood filled or manifold filled, ties of Askarel used tn transformers of., canto's operations and wastewater V ah small capacitor* are flood filled either thiatype range dp to 19,000 Ibs. j characteristics is appropriate here, how* - tn a vacuum or In. ah automatic Various transformer aesembilnc and ever, in view of the fact that standards , -carousel" arrangement.' filling procedures are being practiced . are proposed at this time for direct die* The xaw wastes originating from these throughout tbe industry. In general, the Chergsn for the PCB manufacturing .Piats consist of scrap PCBs collected transformer assembling and filling oper category for existing and new sources, m iwp drums and drip pans; con- ations consist of a predrytog step for ra* Monsanto's ability to achieve sero direct tamlnated Ttiruum pump oils; the free* movtng moisture from the taan.<rforaicw * discharge wa* also considered to propos- tlonator bottoms from tha trichloroothyl- Interiors, several stages of Askarel fllUng ' log these standards. ' # ene recovery; the caustic bath used at and topping, additloo of electrical con The Krummneh plant has a design ome plants, for purposes of paint strtp* nections and bushings, electrical tasting capacity to produce 48 mUlton pounds of ^mg; gpent detergent wash and rinse and sealing. , PCBa per year m 1974, Monsanto produced 40,464.000 pounds, of which 84,,M.Q00 pound, wot ld ter from capacitor or component Water Is not an essential component of operations; rinse water used m weldln, ^ pUtlol operation.; transformer manufacturing. In general, the process raw wastes from these plant* s Appre<lm.t,lr two-thMiof IVUdome.- ,tem condeiuat, from jet ,jKton: tn, consist of wests Askarel collected dn . Hr' TS? ?" !>f,Ar"lor O'*1"<* *" Pump.; water sumps or pana at the filling stations, Olrtaod Mm, Amton*1347 wt 11H to Phoephattelnt ecu fluoride beta; contaminated vacuum pump seal oil. Only s*"*11 quantitie* of -Arodor 1221 water spray need in paint booths; bofler contaminated kerosene-like petroleum . were produced. .. ,, 4 blowdown; and coding tower blowdowns. distillate, and contaminated Askarel used HOlUt IIOJJTW, VOi.' 4t, MO. HI--f.lOAY, ,UIT 3, 1,7, HONS 059874 .**r . jt. silt's. '30472' I'-'T.1.. - y. MwoArolA$tmp,-'iiui iii $5<:i^'.*-*.-' * '' .for transformer interior flushing.'PCB most characteristic:effects Inrate are enwastes which rmch-water. itreuu at ' tenement of the Uvcr; induction of hepa- these plante an duo to occasional loss , tlo microsomal enzymes and porphyria, during headline and residuals accumu- fvReproduction is' adversely, affected-at *- milar in many respects to those observed >.'** among the population contaminated In \+ .l the Yusho incident,.-,. *v- *: ,, *c; \aaq!*.V: .(8) Persistence, mobility and itprad* latsd around drainage ijvtena from put . dietary levels at andwbove 30 parte per ability. PCBs have a long life In the tori- operations when Insufficient precautions million '(ppmppm is comparable to a rerunent. often tn excess of 35 yean, but were taken against PCB losses. . . ' .liquid measurement of 1 milligram per components with three or less chlorine Based on information from five plants, liter (l mg/1)) ; atoms disappear rapidly. Mono-, dl and _.:' *1 - *' effluents from plants In this subcategory Rhesus monkeys are extremely sensi tri-CBa are to some extent degraded or . ranged from 18,500 gal/das to nearly 1J MOD. These affluents (predominantly tive to PCBs, which Induce skin lesions and gastric ulceration. Monkeys exposed metabolized by bacteria, but higher PCBs are resistant to microbial degradation. . . cooling water) art discharged into the to S.Sppm suffered reproductive dysfunc- Tetra-chlorlnated PCBs can be metabo-, -'V - navigable waters or are Introduced Into Uons and some died after exposure to Used by birds and mammals, but penta- *. *;,,': FOTWs without any treatment directed only 8 ppm. Adult female Rhesus mon chlorinated PCBs are 'resistant and . *. toward PCS' removal. Average effluent keys fed 26 ppm of Aroclor 1248 not only higher CBs are metabolised only sfcry - \'- PCB concentrations ranged from less accumulated the PCBs in their adipose slowly. Most environmental residues have * > !;>-- than > xg/l to nearly SO pt/L Average tissue, but the PCBs were transferred been reported In the form of tetra and ' mass amissions of PCBs- from these across the placenta of one female which higher chlorinated PCBs. - ' . . . -' plants rang# from leu than 0.003 lb/day gave birth and concentrated at high PCBs are mobile in the environment '* f. to nearly 0.1 lb/day. :. . - levels In the fat and adrenals of the In-. and are carried freely in the sir and the . (3) Toxicity. PCB* Inhibit growth and fant. . - ", -v . . water - attached to airborne or water- ` eell division- In certain apeoies of phyto Mink are also very sensitive to PCBs. borne particles. Conventional toclnera- . . plankton (slngle^oelled aquatic plants). In one experiment, moct females died on tlon and other disposal techniques do not *: Borne sensitive species are affected at a diet containing 10 ppm and none pro completely destroy PCBs. .. vary low concentrations (0.1 h(/1>- The duced young at 3 ppm. In another teat -<1> Bioaccumuiation and biomagnfff- ' effects are particularly marked In mixed 0.04 ppra caused total reproductive fall- cation. PCBs^ire strongly concentrated * cultures, where sensitive diatoms art re 4 ure and a few deaths.'v; ("bloaccumulated") fromwater- into placed by resistant green algae. - (4) Cardnogenetis. On prolonged ex aquatic invertebrates and fish. Btoaceua- PCBi are toxic to aquatic Insects, cru- posure of rate and mice, PCBs cause a Ulation factors (concentration of PCBs tor. t^fwns \and : other invertebrates at ' variety* of morphological changes lnthe organisms compand to concentration tor.. . oeoeenteatlons down to a few pg/l. Re liver, including hypertrophy, hyperplasia, water) for these -organisms are com*-: . production,and growth in aquatic In adeneflbroels and nodular hyperplasia. monly In the range of 30,000-374.000 after vertebrates are adversely affected at At high dose levels (100 ppm and above) prolonged exposure in the laboratory. . concentrations a* low m 0-4~0.fi xf/i- PCBs Induce _ hepatomas, neoplastic However, wnere measurements of con PCBs affect the settlement of larvae and nodules and carcinomas in rates and mice centrations in natural waters are avail- * rtduoe the diversity of marine Inverte- and therefore pose a presumptive carcin able, bioaccumuiation factors in fish and . ' bratee communities at concentrations as ogenic risk to man. In one experiment, Invertebrates are generally larger than )owaat.taff/lv^e>. . PCB-treated rats also displayed an in- those measured tn the laboratory. There ' PCBs are- acutely toxic to estuarine created incidence of pituitary tumors. have been reports that certain animals aquatlo organisms. For Aroclors 1010, Metabolism of PCBs In mammals and eaptured from , the aquatic environment 1343 and 1334, the 40-hour LC80 values birds proceeds primarily through arene have apparently bloaccumuiated PCBs to far brown shrimp, pink shrimp, and grass ; oxide (epoxide) Intermediates, which are - their flesh to levels of between 3 and 10 shrimp fell m the range between * and biologically active and' believed to be million times that of the water'eoncen- * . 33 *gA Da longer-term bloegsaya of two t highly toxic and carcinogenic. PCBs also tratlon in which the animals were cap '-Weeks or more, Aroclor 1384 is- toxic to have Immunosuppressive effecte tn rob- tured. Zt is important to note; however, ~ : the commercially valuable- - penaeld bits and guinea pigs. In several expert-* that the level of PCB contamination In v shrimp and grass shrimp at eoocentrs- meets treatment -with PCBs has In- r the food of the captured aquatic life, as ' : ttous aa low u 0.3 to 1.4 xt/k Arthropods '.eraased'the susceptibility .of animals to writ as the concentration of PCBs in - art affected at 0.1 ag/L * , / ;various-diseases.1.; .^',:4' 1 which these organisms resided for the > * * Rainbow trout have been killed by ex- i` (BV Human health effects. Humana oc- predominance of thelr-Ufe periods,' are ' ' poeure to Aroclor 1340 at concentrations eupationally exposed to PCBs sometimes;, unknown'., _ 'Ti<H - of 1.4 */! to. 36 days, and by exposure suffer- from: an occupational -disease: . 'Pish In Escambia Bay/ norite* had to Aroclor 1300 at B xCA m 10 days. Spot known' as ohtonicno, .characterized by PCBs levels in their'flesh 070,000 ever / . and plnfieb died-when exposed for-14 to long-lasting skin lesions and sometimes - the ambient water in which they were :. 46 days to'l.ag/l of Aroclor 1334. The `systemic disturbances..^s- -- captured. PCB levels to the waters of * longnoea klUlflih has been killed by long In a large-scale poisoning incident in Lake Michigan average around .fit xfA . term exposure to Aroclor 1334 at a con " Japan in 1360. more than 1,000 periods However. PCB levels In fish In Lake ~ * centration of 1 xf/L vx i-* became sick with^TUiho disease after ' Michigan range tn the 2 to 20 ppm ' PCBs have adverse effects on survival, Ingesting rice * oil ` contaminated with*' range, ' wet weight (10-300 ppm, growth, and reproduction of fish at con both PCBs and PCDFi. Their symptoms Upld weight) Indicating an apparent bio centrations as low as 1 *fA in one ease, were similar to those of occupational accumulation factor ranging up to at - eggs from fish exposed to only 0.1 ac/l chloracne, but also included hypcrplg- least 2.000,000 In whole fish. Levels of 'r ' ' ' toiled to hatch after being placed tn PCB- mentation of the skin, persistent eye dis PCBs to some whale'and seal blubber* free water. A variety of other sublethal charge and gastric disturbances- Cnil- were found to be In excess of l million in ' texio effeots have been observed on a wide dren .Were affected not only by direct the ambient water concentration In / - range of freshwater and marine fish Ingestion of the contaminated oil, but which the animals were taken. - present to waters thouihout the country, ' also prior to birth by transplacental pas PCBs are further concentrated (bio- -'*w and these are set forth In detail In the Agency's criteria document for PCBs. PCBs generally have low acute toxicity to birds and mammals, but long-term dietary exposure leads to a variety of chronic toxic effects. sage and In one case a child was contain!nated by tte mother's milk. The af fected persons have Improved only slowly since 1308 and there t re already indica tions of excess cancer incidence. - The Rhesus monkev provides an Im magnified) from the food of birds and mammals into' their tlssuss, especially - Into their fat. Bkunagniflcation factors (ppm in organlsms/ppa In food) are .. often to the range I to IQ after prolonged exposure to the laboratory, but are often - Rate art relatively resistant to PCBs portant Indication for human sensitivity as high as IQ to 100 to wild animals and and usually do not show the characteris to PCBs and, as noted above, Is extremely birds. Humans store PCBs to their fat . - tic legions of the skin and stomach In sensitive to low levels of exposure. The more efficiently than any animal fo* duced in several ether mammals. The symptoms following exposure appear si- * which precise measurementstfeave bean MPtftAL ICGlSTfl, VOL. 41, NO. IS--MiOAT.-JUlV SI, IfU HCNS 059875 u & -i' ' V. 2*t . V . PROPOSED' RULES ` - " " L.. . /' ' . :/;,v V 30473<' ,' xnAdt-Tlaii loads to treater exposure to "ample margin of safety" for all organ-- exceptions) i a prohibition on discharge * 'senslUV* organs and Ussum in humans inns under all circumstances. However, is achievable based upon cunouUy avail- < than In anlmala exposed to the same eon-. the data do establish, at this time, that able technology and handling methods; - *r contritions of PCBe la the diet Tbs data , an ambient water quality level of .001 ' Based upon detailed plant Inspections.- indicate, la particular, that Arodors. 1018 >gA should not be exceeded. 1 and examinations of the process steps t&r ~ and 1242 are widely present la fish la (be To assess risks to humans, the moet the use of PCBs in the manufacture of - United St*tee. This In turn leads to sub* critical toxic effects of PCBs ere those capacitors and transformers It has been - stonUal exposure of humans and other observed tn mammals at the lowest ex determined that the characteristics of fish-osUng animals. - -- posure levels. These include: - these wastes ar* sufficiently similar so <81 Ambient water criterion for ejects (1) Mortality and reproductive failure that the same kinds of control and treat- : on natural systems. The foregoing sum in mink at a dietary level of 0.64 ppm. ment technologies are applicable. - v mary briefly highlights the extensive . <li> Increased liver weight in weanling The wastewater characteristics fee data bast set forth in the criteria docu rate in the second generation of animals manufacturers of capacitors end trails-' ment This data base demonstrates that exposed to-1 ppm, and liver pathology formers have been described above. Data PCBs posr a serious threat to a wide (including nodules) In the second gene available to the Agency Indicate that wa- - range of aquatic and other food chain ration exposed to 20 ppm. - ter can be eliminated from most If not aO organisms, as well as fo human health, at *. (Ill) Stomach nodules and ulcerations of the manufacturing-related processes, ' very low concentration levels.,There ap- In dogs at a dietary level of 1 ppm: with the result that potential affluents pear to be some .variations In the toxic Stomach lesions have also been reported can be sufficiently reduced In quantity effects for different Isomers. Thus, the -from other species Including monkeys, so that they can be Incinerated or other more highly chlorinated Isomers appear ' pigs and mink; ' wise disposed of so as to reduce greatly to be somewhat more persistent in the (lv) Reproductive failure, dermal and or eliminate any discharge of prooma environment, while the lower chlorin- i stomach lesions la Rhesus monkeys ex wastes to the navigable waters. Where tod Isomers appear to be .somewhat posed to 2.8 ppm and deaths at 8.0 ppm. large volumes of water are used, treat more acutely toxic. These differences are.. (v) Increased activity of hepatic ml- ment and subsequent recycling can re- relatively minor, since all Isomers which are significant constituents of eommer-, croeomal enzymes in rats fed at 0.5 ppm for 4 weeks. . ,* elal mixtures of PCBs are highly persist . (vl) Carcinogenic effects In rate and ent and mobile la the environment, and U Isomsre display a degree of toxicity mice at dietary levels of 100 ppm and above*. *:' - - - - which Is a matter for grave public con (vll) Apparent increase In incidence of cern. Moreover, the composition of PCB pituitary tumors tn rate at dietary levels ' mixtures ohanrss ss they are transported, through the environment. There is also evidence that toxic metabolites, or break .of 1 ppm and above. , (Till) widespread presence of PCBs In fish and other organisms regularly con duee quantities of unavoidable blow- , downs to amounts suitable for treatment by activated carbon and discharge or by incineration. >* . With respect to capacitor manufactur ing wastes, the scrap PCBs collected In sumps, drums, and drip pans, as well as fractionator bottoms from trichloroatb- ylme recovery, are small In amount; and can be incinerated. Dm tame la true for down products; may be formed, so that' sumed by humane. ; - - contaminated vacuum pump oUa and any the chemical species distribution fit a JUT If them effects are relevant tn caustic baths wed for paint stripping. water body may not be the same as the welghlnr potential advene effects of With respect to capacitor and component spoolos distribution of the substance dis PCBs on humans. In particular^ the charged. Por sQ these reasons, there ap- ' symptoms of poisoning In monkeys, In cleaning operations, cleaning sotnnta ' rather than water can be used, and then . pears to be no sound basis for setting dlf- . cluding dermal and gastric lesions, are incinerated following use. Water used In fsrsnt criterion numbers or standards for parallel' to those observed in man; en- phosphatidng and fluoride baths by soma different Isomers, and accordingly, the , xyme Induction Is a baste biochemical plants can be eliminated, slcng with the criterion and standards herein proposed effect which has been observed In many entire process, by we of aluminum can-: are for 'PCBs gonericaUy. ' species; carcinogenic effects la rodents tatners. - .. - - A criterion level of 0.001 og/Twould . appear to avoid advene effects to moat aquatic organisms, based upon , an an- . : are generally used to predict potential caretoogsntettrtahumans.' --. < It is difficult to use the results of these lysis of both laboratory and field data. experiments to establish acceptable levels This level'Is based primarily on the. of exposure for humans: (a) Because Capacitor manufacturers whouse steel containers generally paint thoirproducts. which produces a waste rsimltTug from water spray used to. control paint partides and fume* This prog-- eaa be Moaccuraolatioa properties of PCBs. .many of the fisted effects were reported eliminated through we of aiuwimw* Pish bars been shown to aocomulate: PCBs by fadore as high as 074,000 In ths at the lowest (b) ' heeatw dietary levels humans are investigated; wposud for containere which need not be painted. If pointing is nvrertheJ-- desired, effluent laboratory, - while considerably. higher much, longer periods (including prenatal discharge can bo avoided by wo of an ' . factors appear to occur In their natural axpcsure> -than ths experimental ani environments. Based upon % bloeocumu- mals; and (e> because' humans are lation factor of 174,000 a concentration known to store PCBs tn thslr tissues more of 0.001 sc/I could result in bloaoeumula- ; efficiently. than, tturexperimental ani atr or olsctroatatle system Instead ef a waterfall for trapping point particles and fumes.'- Aqueous discharge from eeoUng torn Hon to 0474 ppm In flesh, which ts betow mals. These data do; however; further blowdowns can bo reduced by use of a re the dietary levels which. hare been . support the proposition that an ambient cycling system based on d--Mim--< shown Injurious to aquatic birds and water quality level of .001 *g/l should tton or, alternatively, by Incineration or mammals who may feed upon them. In * not be exceeded, and, beyond this, that blowdown. Any solid waste residue, which addition, however, there Is evidence that every reasonable effort should be made to wtu not include PCBs, eaa be disposed of In some waters some fish bioaccumulate limit dischargee ofPCBs In order to mlnl- by Iandflll.'Boiler blowdown, which is sot * at rates roughly ten times this, and in .mtee human exposure. likely to contain any PCBs, can be seated waters where the chronic level generally (5) Control technology available. Aft In drums and landfilled or treated by the exceeds .001 ofA. such as Lake Michigan, the present time there are no direct dis activated carbon treatment system. there Is evldmce of subiethal toxic ef charges of PCBs from a PCB manufac With respect to transformer manu fects on ths fish. . - turer and thus no ta-place technology to facturers. as with capacitor manufactur In proposing this ambient water cri evaluate. The only U.0. manufacturer, ing, all scrap PCBs oolleeted in sumps or terion the Agency recognises the possi Monsanto, discharges to the Sauge', Illi pans can be Incinerated. Contaminated bility that such water quality level may nois POTW. With respect to process vacuum pump seal off, petroleum distil not provide absolute safety for all or- waste effluents from PCBs users, water late. and askarei wed for transformer ganlwno tn all waters. Indeed there prob Is unnecessary to the processes Involved Interior flushing can also be taetneratod. ably is no numerical concentration level hi the manufacture of Oquld-fflled ca Each of these controls has been demon- - above aero which one can at this time pacitors or ta amfunners. Consequently stested by use by at least one of the say with great oonfldence provides an for process waste (with certain specified covered plants. - - k- . .i KDfRAi Mann,, vol no hi--Friday. *ky m, tw HONS 059876 - :j^u->'V -rSv*. . ive!-;3M74 f. 5:1:-%ii::"^:'M<OS WtSsV>';. . v; :*r `* ' avr*lpotential iourcMof procesi-re- fufflcient Information waa^avaUabl*1 to .'those permit proceedings are less strln- "* latad mot* mur to aoma mow raault in-*v*lute ths ystom.'_- ; * ! , . ,' gent than the limitations which would be "\ ;~ . oultt Ush mono* b* **oM*d fta*J--'>OV>) rconomiboimpact, required by these propoeed standards . '.Ars My la Uto mot Unaf.IUnaaimUr good ta Wotnlaaa tbot thara may be annuitant under section 807(a). The Agency invites J - .-V; j waldlno, palotln* or pi*tint operation*, cotta and economic Impact* associated comments on'the comparative tech' .' , and aanibber and ouench. water from with tbe itandarda propoeed at UUs time. nology, coets. and resulting economic tm. intlamtor e^ntlimi. ; r ---.* . The Agency baa mode * preliminary &- pacts associated with those limitations'*e ' Thsse eeteioriss Ol process-related dis- smsment of costs and economic Impact, compared with the standards hereinafter Charm aa wall as non-process related which to summarized below. Prelimtnary- proposed. If Interested persons believe effluente, including plant washdown, non- cost estimates, as set forth In the report that a modified standard is preferable to : contact cooling water, and runoff from submitted by Versar, Inc. (See Appendix that proposed, they should take approstormwater or splUs, can be treated by A hereto, Item. 4),. Indicate that com- prlate measures to develop and enter into' . ' . carbon adsorption as described below, pllancs with the proposed standards may the record tbe appropriate supporting It should be noted that EPA-sponsored . result In additional costs of production data and information (see Puhilc Par- .. Investigations have revealed that there equal to or greater than five percent of tleipation in Rulemaking Process, below). art no In-place processes being employed the selling price of the products ttrans- (II) Rationale tor standard. In dls- whereby dissolved or sorbed PfBs to v.formers and capacitors),-thusIdentifying cussing the establishment of an ambientr water streams are being either ex-'thla regulation tentatively as a major water criterion number above, It was em- ` ' ` treetod from those streams or destroyed action requiring the preparation of an pbaslzed that a concentration of .001 within them. In general, these waste Inflation Impact etaieemnt. (06) pur- Mg/1 should not be exceeded and, in addtstreams contain concentrations of PCB# suant to Executive Order 1X821. A more tion,.that every reasonable effort should Of lees than ! ag/l up. to about 800 detailed assessment 1* .currently .being be made to limit discharges of PCB* in- . wg/1 with many Instances occurring in prepared by the Agency, and win he ac-. order to minimise human exposure. In. the 10 to M-st/l rang#. While several companlad by an 2X8, if necessary. Tbe deed the data suggest that to provide an of the plants have practiced PCB segre- availability of these documents upon "ample margin of safety'' for human fatten. to keep> the quantity of con- their completion will be announced in . health, and possibly for soma other orUminated wastewaters as low as possible, the Fxosm Rsoxsna, and public eom- ganlima as well, an ambient water ert- " ' * 1 . r ;' . none has installed lul) scale terminal mente .thereon will be Invited. These terior far lower than .001 Mf/1 may be re- PCB removal facilities. . .* documents, tocethar with all public oom- quired, though at this time one cannot; Tha EPA through Its contractor, mente thereon which are received by the confidently Identify any specific number v ; '*> ' -4- Veraar, Inc., has identlfled a technology Hearing Cleric postmarked not later than above sero. ,r' --V* ' r . ' which will reduce the PCB concentration thirty days following the aforesaid notice . At the preseni time, even If every point' ^ ' In wastewaters to 1 Mg/1 or less and of availability of these documents, shall source discharge were' prohibited. PCB - which to capable of being installed within he made a part of the record of these concentrations In the water would remain - one year. The identlfled system it.based rulemaking proceedings (see Public Par- for a long time pot only above sero, but' .. upon activated oarbon adsorption, fol- tleipation In Rulemaking Process, below), la some water bodies, above .001 sf/1. ' lowing primary treatment The standards are being proposed at this Moreover, since tbe capability does not. /' Mdtamitetlon, filtration, and skimming-* Ume Prior to completion of the economic "exist presently to measure PCB eoncen- . <yha faaelbilltr ol achieving the 1 x/l or Impact assessment in light of the order tratlons below o.oox sg/i with any ra-'. v vlas itveihas iSm demonstrated In decree entered by the United States sonable degree of reliability, no useful ' . , . laboratory taata oonduetad cooparatlyaly Watrlct Court In Natural Raourcet De- purpose would be served in eaUbllshing , ' ' batwaan Varaar. Inc., and two activated ImeCmnettttM v. Troin, Civ. No. a criterion number below this. J: . hon jS^aadlSSii^rSlSo Cbm- .2153-73,.and consolidated eooeiste.' cases, on June In light . tions, the of the foregoing considersAdministrator has weighed - . .. ^ ` . - of an equalisation-settling tank wad - ards by July 14,1878. ,, > . carefully the desirability and feasibility . '. mixed media filtration followed by car- The Agency * preliminary assessment of imposing a prohibition on any dls- _. " bfrooam-- atdhse-ore-p-q-t-ui-o-a-nl-t-,o--aP--tI-loo--aa--wt--asbeletUslnagndt--a--nslku- d--ag--neds - oth*f>a*cttottwsrtaasnnasainlttildonnneaacllo.IinmmonpmaaiaccltasImmmpaawaycKbt aesauslgiaggmnelisAftis. charge of PCBs from any point souroe . _ In the ease of existing manufacturers..' . - .'7 spent oarbon are disposed of by Incinera cant. The preliminary estimate of the. this can be done since the ofaly present "` tion. Carbon adsorption has also been eoct of oompUanco indicate* aggregate ! PCB manufacturer does not have a direct .; suooiM/utiy used in fun-seal* operation capital posts .for the direct discharger* of . discharge. A similar requirement to fen- ^ to achieve nmovai- of pollutants other than PCB* -down ' to comparably low $13 million and total annual costs of 87 mUUoa (based on a f-yoar depreciation posed upon new PCB manufacturing.: " sourcee, who would be required in effect' 'J / ' levels. schedule); The annualized costs repre- . to either achieve a completely doted eye- .* . Bassd on work performed cooperatively sent B. to 21 percent' of current selling .tem or discharge into a POTW. With re- - * -* between Veraar, Inc., and Houston Ro- prices for transformers and 3 to 17 per- spect to. transformers and capacitors.. * . . . saareh on one system and Waatgate Re- cent for capacitors* the Indicated ranges both these Industries provide important search on another system, U was lndl- resulting from the types of transformers products to the United States economy. . ' gated that systems employing osonatton and capacitors pToduced-These costs may. for which there are no presently proven- - - ' in conjunction with ultraviolet radiation - be of sufficient magnitude to induce do- substitutes. Moreover, the beet reduction . can be designed to achieve any desired sures of some small and/or marginal levels which available technology can . eAuent PCB concentration* Preliminary -plants and conversion to subetitute ma- aqheive with respect to an eOluent dls- compartoona of tbe Capital coots between tertals for others. It is not certain that charge containing PCBs appear to be 1 . .. the oaene-Cnr system and activated car- such conversions could be carried out in Mg/1 through the use of carbon adsorp- - bon system show at least a S00 percent the one year allowed by tbe Act without tlon treatment. This exceeds the ambient - r- greater ooat for the ocone-UV system, causing disruption of the supply of trans- water criterion by three orders ol magni- '. Wben pr*treatment costs are Included formers and capacitors. Additional anal- tude. - . > the oeone-UV system is only about 10 ysls will be carried out to assess mors Discharge of relatively modest amounts percent higher than activated carbon, It is doubtful however, that the ocone-UV completely these types of Impacts, as well as to identify other types of economic of a pollutant Into the water at many times the ambient water criterion may be \ : ' - ,, system could be Installed within one year, effects.' - . allowed, however, without necessarily Ui* maximum period of time between in addition, tbe EPA is currently en- failing to provide safety for affected orpromulgetton and the effective date of gaged In issuing NFDE8 permits pur- genistas. First, the actual discharge con- ~ 'r \ these standards. - suant to section 402 of the Act applicable centratlon does not normally remain the - >, Other systems evaluated included ad- to point sources which will be covered "ambient concentration. In fact, the ef sorption by polymeria resins, catalytic .by those proposed standards. In some in- fluent disperses following discharge and J reductlon and catalytic oxidation, in- stances the limitations being proposed in becomes greatly diluted. Th{ ares ef dl- FS0IRAI RKOtms, VOt. 41, WO. 14S--TRIOAV, JOLt JS, \97S HONS 059077 r PROPOSED RULES V S047S;.; ; (' U often referred to m a"mixing .r;'" . * Tyj o/technology \ ` most receiving water*. In the achieve- .. ____ <^22 tu7 to.alee and ibaM wssteiMtsr typo * ' -- meat of the degree of protection tori- ' from da# body of water, to tho next and from on# discharge to the next. The re cult of this phenomenon Is that once the eJBuent reechos the outside of themlxlnc cone, the -pollutant concentration may ,BoUsr blowdowns...yutsr, .dstnlnsrsilss, sad reoyste. .. . ..Btotasrstor. scrub-, Pretrmtmsnt snd esr- i^.tor water...?,,; boa sdsorpUon to i * l, m*/1 or teas. . WocsBi-sfoscUtsd Precrsaemsot sod oar- tloned by the Act The Agency mog- V* nlzes, however, that there may be a few casee where, because of local reeeivtng-V water conditions, notably with respect to r* _ hydrology, sufficient dispersion and tffiu- ;? have become diluted by a factor of sev bon sdaorptton to 1 tlon may not take piece. To deal with *A eral hundred or more, and indeed may '' - u.%/\ or low. . such eases, 1139.7 of Subpart a (the not even be detectable by the most so esaiury . - wsste To POTW. general provisions of Part 139; see stand- - phisticated monitoring equipment. Con- cedsdly, In some instances there may be advent effects on some organisms In the Immediate vicinity of the outfall. How wtten. - v, Bainfoll runoff------ *;; , ~ Xnclot# srtss or prs- WOStBMDt ft&d CM* boo adsorption. ards proposed on June 10, 197S. 41 PR . 23576) allows ths applicable NPDE8 per- . mil issuing authority to impost-such more stringent effluent limitations as may ; ever, for chronic effects to be observed, 1 includes hot solder dip rinse voter. the exposure time would have to be quite p&oopbsUolag both VMUwnUn, tin ptetlng lengthy--perhaps a lifetime. Sven acute bout oad Hass voters, fluoride both oad toxic offsets, which normally oocur at much higher dosage levels than chronic effects, are generally recorded based upon rlAM voters ond painting voter sproy. Them ore .onto)! la volume oad may occur la only .t single plaat. . '; - be required In order to achieve or ap** proacb the unblent water criterion level, : in this ease .001 af/L at hast beyond the boundaries of any vreasonable mixing- - > * gone, in addition, non stringent levels * may be imposed to meet any applicable -v v a M-hour exposure. Because of the ex Using this technology results In a pro water quality standard, see 1139J(e). It traordinary persistence of PCBs reliance hibition on discharge of PCBs from any is possible that an exercise of these pro- * on mixing sonas, while of.assistance in point source to tho navigable waters In visions could result In a plant closure. - v the Immediate future, cannot be regarded volving solely process wastes with the However, by allowing tome consider*- as s long-term solution to the problem.- exceptions noted In the above table, which tlon for technology in too initial stand In developing the proposed standards, would be treated with activated carbon ard-setting, even though consideration of the Agsnoy also considered the avails-, to the 1 *f/l level or lower. This tsch- ecological and health affects are para- bttltr of substitutes for PCBs in trans oology substantiate* a standard of a mount the approach takah under three . formers sad capacitors. Several com- prohibition of PCBs in process wastes standards makes It reasonably probable *. panlse have developed products which (sxcspt lor csrtam specified wastes) and that if there ere to be any shutdowns, they believe are an adequate subetltute treatment of other discharges with acti they will occur only after a stti specific for PCBs In transformer* and efforts are vated carbon, reducing PCBs to 1 yg/l . examination, and only because of a toll- ,* under way to develop substitutes for or-isos. Although occasional deviations ure to asset toe safely requirements ef PCBs to capacitors as well. At this time, are unavoidable, at no time may any section 807(a). >: . - : however, it is still too early to determine such allowed discharge exceed 8 og/1 for Finally. it is recognised that to allow a with confidence whether the substitutes samples representing a working day. discharge at ths proposed levels may post , are not only functionally effective but, in :. For new sources, where further tech some risk of advent offsets to some or addition, are safe In terms of potential nology advances can be reasonably ex ganisms, particularly those located near , fire hasard and other safety considers-. pected, a more stringent limitation may the outfall, and possibly to toe consumers tions, and art environmentally safe. Tbs be set to take such expected advances thereof. However, based upon prelimi . Agency bee concluded that it cannot at into account, Including advances in con nary information, this risk is deemed to this tune sat a toxio pollutant effluent trol technology and in substitutes for be outweighed at ihis-ttmi by the social standard* or prohibition on discharge, PCBs. Limitations of 0.1 pg/1 on the dally and economic benefits reprmented by not , upon the.assumption of tho ready avail- .average per month and OA *g/l maxl- setting a standard which would^ force ' anility fcf a substitute product BoWever, ' mum -at any time should be achievable widespread oloeuree of plants ma&ufae- the Agency Is pursuing an active policy to tthe osonatkm-UV data so indicate) and turlng capacitor* and transformsn, encourage Industry to develop as rapidly ~ are therefore proposed as new source which would to turn to Uhtiy to sharply as poaeJbls feasible substitutes for PCBs. standards for non-process wastewater curtail the nation's supply or these amen- - * Because of the ebrenoe of any proven satisfactory substitute foc~PCB* In eer. tain * transformers and capacitors, it must be recognised that to impose a pro- hibktton on aU PCB-oontototag effluents at this time would probably causa a se vers impact on the transformer and eapacllor manufacturing Industries which discharges lrom transformer and ca tial products, or lead la Importation of. pacitor manufacturers, and from dis charges:'resulting from scrubber and even more envircnaenhtOy haeardsua. j quench 'water. from. incinerator oper -* (13) ffvbsegusnf rseiew of standards, ations. Por the reasons discussed above, it continues to be ths goal of the Agency no new source discharge of PCBs will to reduce the presence of PCBs to the : be allowed which result from Jet ejectors environment to the greatest extant pos Or xlnsswater from, welding or plating sible as rapidly as fsasttds, for all of the . util1st PCBs, and deprive the nation of the future availability of products which utilise suoh transformers end-capacitors. Accordingly, hi tho proposed standards the Administrator Is requiring that dis chargee be prohibited where possible, and that^other discharge comply with tho operations..;,.- . - The maximum, dally permissible con centration is based upon an application factor of five times tbs maximum aver age monthly concentration factor. This is provided to take into aooount the fact that 'occasional daily concentrations reasons outlined above. Indeed, as eddl- * Uonal data become availaUe to 13m Agen cy, it may be necessary to miss in sub sequent proceedings both too standards . and the ambient water criterion establlshed pursuant to ths present rulemak ing In the direction of greater stringency very beet results which available tech may exceed the required maximum nology can achieve, For the manufactur- monthly, average* They should not be lng of transformers and capacitors, the allowed at any time to exceed the lowest standards are based on the following tab feasible /celling, however, and the ulation: 1 - . Agency's - information with respect to VuinMie type Non-sooted soot* lag water. SUsa >t oondsatto. Typo of toehnoloyg mppited Oool In also** rsdtetor system end rseyeis. Jteplsc* stssa Jsts with msobsniost carbon absorption and analogous treat ment techniques indicate that a variabil ity factor of flva le achievable and reasonable. --. Translating an ambient water criteri on number to an #nd-of-the-plpe stand pumps.. ard is at best an Imprecise calculation. in order to provide the degree of eafety required by the Act. ' The Agency Is obligated to review and where necessary, revise Its section 307(a) standards at least svsry tores years. The . Agency Intends to review the propeeed' standard one year following promulga tion, with the expectation tost Industry wiu have made significant strides to wards the development of reliable substltutee for PCBs, as well ae In the field of control techrology, so that a prohlbi- Dstsrgsnt washing Rsplses with eolvsnt The dispersion and dilution factors dis tion on *U discharges ot PCBs in any to- . water. - vapor dsgrssslng. cussed above are expected to result, in dustrial effluent can be considered at that KQMAt RIOtlTU, VOt, 41, NO. 143--NMOAT, JUIT 13, ttr HONS 059078 8047* .^ - PROPOSED RULES Wine, taoluding sources not covered by thirty days following the aforesaid nodes ~ Pep-:in " the standards proposed atthh - of availability* All parties to the public''^39.7sn< BequlrementTa&d 'praeedum ''for '. XCL PfflMO PAXTlbirATlOM ZM HrLUCAIOXO V; A public haorta* to ooxaaldcr the propocid effluent standards vlll be held pur* ' hearing on the proposed . be allowed a reasonable vexamine .this economic meat anti any comments respond thereto on the standards shall. opportunity to Impact assess- ; therein, and to record. To this aetabUShlng *. a more stringent effluent limitation. - l.i Oompltanoedate.'^'1"'1.'-^.'' 139A-139A9' [Beeerredj^.y.**? >;t -' in.100 - Aldrla/DltMila;i.` . .* . 1M.101 DDT. DDD and DDK. V; v suant to Mctlon 207(a)(2) of-the Act limited extent and for this limited pur 1M.J09 Andrin. - ,i -7 ' ' commencing on August 20,1976; at 10:00 - pose only, I hereby waive the time dead 139.109 Toxapbene... '< a m. in Room 2409. Waterside Mall. U.8. -line requirements for the filing of pub 139.104 Benaidlne. .. " `,7>' ' Snvtronmantal Protection Agency, 401 lic comments under 1104.3(d) of the 139.106 .Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBe). M Stmt, 0W* Washington, D.C. In ac- Agency's Rules of Practice for Public AuTMOiir7.--Aece. 807, 804, and Ml of tbe eordaaoa with the Agency's rules df prac* Hearings on Effluent Standards for Toxic. Federal Water Pollution Oontrol Act ties governing public bearings on effluent - pollutants, 40 CFR Part 104, as amended, ments Of 1973 (Pub. L. 93-500, 84 5tat 414. 'lUndards for toxic pollutants, 40 CFR 41 FR 17998 (April 29, 1976). so as to S3U.C. 1231 et eeq.).,;, Part 104 ae amended. 41 FJ&. 1789S et allow the filing of materials and com eeq. (April 29. 1976), the first hearing ments described In this paragraph within day shall tnoluds a prehearing: ooofer- ' the. time period herein let forth, and I enos at the above* time and place. All accordingly direct the presiding officer at persona Interested tat participating in the public hearings to be conducted on 2. Subpart A of Part 129 Is further Amended by adding new paragraph ffi to 1129.4 to read ar follower . * - g 129.4 Toxic pollutants. ' - ' ' . those bearings as objecting parties these proposed standards to ensure that should refer to the amended rules of'' the record includes all materials, which . (f) Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBa) practise, 41 PA 17996 et scqw and should are filed in* conformity with this para- ' --polychlorinated blphenyla . (PCBs) * sot rely on previous editions. Any per graph. The Agency has the legal author means a mixture of compounds rnitmtwed son who hoe any objection to say stand* ity to modify or waive strict,compliance of tbe blpenhyl molecule which has been ard proposed herein may file with the with its rules of practice In exceptional chlorinated to varying degrees. Bearing Clerk (A-100), Room 1019 WOMB, UJ9.:JBnvlrcmmental protection Agency. 401 M Mmt 8W4 Washington. D.C. 20460, Within 26 days of the date of circumstances' such :as the foregoing when th6 ends of justice require. Of. American Form Lines v. Slock; Ball Freight, SenHee, 297 UH. 622 (1970) and 3. Subpart A ofPart lM h further amended by adding new 1 129.209 to read as follows: - - *;\ -* .>'; * * v.. i this notloe, a statement of objection in eases cited therein. * v ^ : ` - 1129.105 Polychlorinated klpWeayls triplicate which shall meet ail of the ro*. :r,, qutremenU of 40'CFR 1044 fa) and (b>. These Seotions require, among other things, aetnal .reoelpt by the-Bearing ~i*-*vc v -> jtoasau, K. T*aw, .<, AdmhUetrator.. - (o> Specialized de/tmttoru. 11) -**PCB Manufacturer" means a manufaetwer who produces polychlorinated btpeiayla. Clerk of any objection within the afore ArnimxA ^ <2) "Electrical 'capacitor mamrfso** said ttma. the madding offioer may re fuse to permitany person to participate In sold hearingwho falls to comply with any of the provisions of those sections.. i. cmsrja becuBMnt far Fatyohlorinstsd. turer" means a manufacturer who pro-' Biphenyls (SPA. IuO.T. Ntebst, Pb. D. duces or assembles electrical espaelton 1074)..including general'Introduction. * , In which PCB or PCB-eontainlng com S. POBs la tbs United SUtw Industrial pounds are part of the dirieetrie: . . Xn addition to the foregoing, any per 'Use snid Bnvlroamsnta)- Distribution (Doe. . 7 (3) "Electrical transformer manufac son intended mthls proposed rulemak Bo. BPA SSO/e-76-OOS February 24. 107S). turer" means a manufacturer who pro ing but who`does not participate ae a ': iwtwmtirt of Wastewater Management. duces or assembles electrical trans- . party In the forma] hearing may submit written comments to the Agenoy on the proposed rulemaking.' Such .comments should he filed h* triplicate, if possible, and should: ha^addreeeed to: Hearing Treatment Tsehnology and Aeeoelated Costs tm Abatement of PCBs Concentrations la Industrial BfBueata (Doe.- No. BPA 540/4-74- . formers in which PCB or PC&rConiainlns compounds are part of the dielectric. , COS February . 1074)..:.+ \ V. . 1 . ' (4) The ambient water criterion for v> 4. PCS*,, Water .,,Bpmln*ttn/lUdnation PCBs tn navigable waters Is 0.001 g/L . r . Technology. and Associated Coot* Manufao- ^(b)-FCB Mtmx/acfsrer^-Cl) AppU- Clerk Ub-lOOVRoom 1016 WSMX, UJB. turara of Blootneal Capacitors end Trans cabiKfy. <1> These standards or-pto- fflnvlronmcntai protection Agency, .401M formers; Addendum So Pinal aepert. Tast n hlbltlons apply tor ' is,. .* , Bfreet, SW4 Washington. D.C. 90460. All (Julyi,19T6> (supplementa ttam 8). ... - (A) All discharges of^ process wastes; oenunenta 'which-varc received by : the * 6. Conference Proceedings ef tbe National hearing clerk and which are postmarked ^Oanfereaoa on FCBa (Doe. No. BPA.440/4-78- on or before August 20.1970 shall beootn# 404; -Conference held Norember 1978; pro- a part of the hearing record tn the man ner preeeribed te`40 CFR l04J(d)>and hall be oomldared by the Administrator eeedlage published M*r*h ISIS).. . " 8.,Notice' of Fropoeed Rulemaking;: BPA Proposal of ToxJo FoUutaaS affluent Stand- ardi for Aldrtn/Dleldnn. DDT (DDD, DM), - (B) All dtsehargee frotn -the-manu facturing . or Incinerator:areas, and imloadlng wees itoiwgq, areas, and other areas which are fipjeet to direct contaminationby PCBs as a remit of the manufacturing process, Including but not prior to the promulgation of final stand Badrtn and Toxapbene, 41 PR 3S874 -(Junes limited to:.. : ards. -V 10. B4- ? (f) Stormwater and other runoff: In additioojvtn^aocordance with the discussion above- conocming: economic lmpeot of the standards proposed at this time, the Agener^rtU. publish in the Psbcsal Rxmma approximately ninety days following the date of publication of i^in 40 CFR Peri 129,1 fiubpsrt A (as v <2) Water used for routine cleanup or proposed At 41 PR 23876 (June 10.1976) And Amended At 41 FR 27017 (June 30, . cleanup of spills. rv. : . (11) These standards do not apply to 1976)* tbe tAble of contents Is further stormwater runoff or.other dhebargea .amended to read as follows: ^. >'.. . from areas subject to contamination solely by fallout from air emissions of this notice of-proposed rulemaking an - PANT 129--TOXIC POLLUTANT : PCBs: or to stormwater runoff that ex announcement of the availability of the EFFLUENT STANDARDS ' ceeds that from the ten year 24-hour Agwioy's economic impact assessment rainfall event. '. .. - - , with respect to the proposed standards. (2) Analytical Method Acceptable. En The document or documents setting forth this assessment shall be made part of the record of the rulemaking proceed ings on these proposed standards, togeihsr with an comments directed spe cifically thereto which are received by 139.1 IMA" 139A 139.4' IMA 1M. Soope and purpose. Definitions. . ^Abbreviation*. -Toilc pollutants. ' - . compllasoe. ' ' Adjustaaent ef effluent standard for vironmental Protection Agency method specified In Part 136 of this chapter,' except that a 1 liter sample she is re quired to Increase analytical sensitivity. (3) Effluent etandarde--(!) Jtefsttnt' the Hearing Clerk at the above address, ' - - presence ef texlo pollutant In Sbe sources. PCBs are prohibited in any dis and which are poetmarked not later than .. .... tnUks wwtar. . , charges from any PCB manufacturer. PEDI8AI REGISTER, VOL 4), NOf-MJ--FRIDAY, JULY 23, W4 MGNS 059879 - - -- - .*: v .iw,^ PROPOSED RULES ' ". ! /. * 30477* (U) New tourf**- PCBs are proainiied chlorinated biphenyls concentratibns ex - ceeds that from the ten year 24-hour In any>-discharge from.s,eny.-pCB; ceeding an arerage per working day of rainfall event . . . .. -^ manufacturer) 'v'.' 1 a;- i' lT'pg/1 ^calculated over, any calendar - (2) Analytical Method Acceptable. *n- , (c) - Electrical capacitor manu/ac- month; and shall not exceed 6 *>f/l in _rlronmental Protection Agency method turer--(l> Applicability. 0) These stand sample(s) representing any working day.' specified In Part 134 of this chapter, ex ards or prohibitions apply to: ' - (il) New sources. (A) PCBs are prohib cept that a 1 liter sample else la required (A) All discharges of process wastes; ited in any process wastes discharged to increase analytical sensitivity. and with the exception of scrubber and (3) Effluent standards--(I) gristing (B) All discharges from the manufac quench water from Incinerator opera sources. (A) PCBs are prohibited In gay turing or Incineration areas, loading and tions; and process wastes discharged, with the fol unloading areas, storage areas and other (B) All other dischargee from a capac lowing exception: -. areas which are subject to direct con itor manufacturer shall not contain (1) Water used In welding, plating or tamination by PCBs as a result of the polychlorinated biphenyls concentrations painting operations; and manufacturing process. Including but not exceeding an average per working day of (2) Scrubber and quench water from limited Iq: . N 0.1 pg/1-calculated over any calendar Uncinerator operations. (J) Stormwater and other runoff; and month;.and shall not exceed 0.6 ag/1 in <B> All otbsr discharges (Including (I) Water used for routine cleanup ample(s>-representing any working day. each of the exceptions set forth In the* or oleanup of spills. - (4) The standards set forth In this preceding section (A)) from a trans (11) These standards do not apply to Subsection shall apply to the total com former manufacturer shall not contain " stormwater runoff or other discharges bined weight or concentration of PCBs,. polychlorinated biphenyls concentrations from areas subject to contamination excluding- any associated element or exceeding an average per working day of solely by fallout from air emissions of compound. - ' 1 *g/l calculated over any calendar PCBs; or to stormwater-runoff that ex (d) ^XUctrieal tramformtr manufac month: and shall not exceed g pg/\ la ceeds that from ths ten year 24-hour turer--(l) Applicability. (1) These sample(s) representing any working day. rainfall erect . : standards or prohibitions apply to: (11) New sources. (A) PCBs are pro (I) Analytical method acceptable en (A) -AH discharges of process wastes; hibited In any process wastes discharged.' vironmental Protection Agency -method 'and . ; *, with the exception of scrubber and speolfled In Part 126 of this chapter, ex^. . (B) All discharges from the manufac cept that a 1 liter sample else Is required turing or Incineration areas, loading and to Increase analyttealwenslUritw. : - - unloading areas, storage areas, and other , (9) fgluent standards--(1) .gristing areas Which are subject to direct con sources. (A) PCBs ere prohibited In all tamination by PCBs as a mult of tho quench water from'stadnerator opera tions; and t, , \ . . .. , (B) All other discharges from a trans former manufactures shall not -->*-*- polychlorinated Mphrnjrle Concentra process wastes discharged with the fol manufacturing process, Including but not lowing exoeptlons: * * limited to; . . ~ .(f> Water used In welding. pUUnir or a> 8tormwater and other runoff; and painting operations; and ...... - . *v- (2) Water used for routine cleanup or tions exceeding an average per working day of 0.1 eg/1 calculated over any calendar month; and abaB not exceed 0.6 Mg/l In sample(s) reprasenting.any working day. .- - - r _ . (2) Scrubber and quench weter from cleanup at spills. ^ ' (4) Ths standards set forth In this sub Inolnerator operations. ' (U) These standards do not apply to section shall apply to the total combined (B). All other dischargee (Including stormwater runoff or other discharges .weight or concentration of PCBs, ex 'M/eaoh of the exceptions set ffirth In the from .areas subject to contamination cluding any associated element or com preceding motion (A)) from a capacitor.. solely- by fallout from air emissions of pound. .. ; ' . i . . manufacturer shall not contain;poly*.. FCBsrTor to-stormwater runoff that ex IFR Doe.TO-glSM PUMI T-eS-7S;S:4| mb] - t. ** ' vi.*> .* -1 -v ` .v . v - -X+r ^ : - A, '`'Wv*-: - - V ` HDUAl UOISTtV, VOC 4), NO. MS--VRtOAY, JUIT 23, 1V7* HONS 059880