Document YGdGzrMMDRwNbxoRL2KaeVvdN

mm. pp LI A16A27 n>. iir I i ? i A Report on the > Sheathing of Cables With Aluminum u IY KENNCTH 1 WYATT \ r : " t PHELPS DOOGE COPPER PRODUCTS CORPORATION f. 40 WALL STREET, NEW YORK 5, N. Y. PP m  MS- Iin II I || I:n.i..i....i .ill i.ii.ltafa,.i^|-.ii(iiiBtfaii|-iiil.iii i*'**- in'* PS*lp D.df Cff Endue- W I* pnAx- " t----kwl, nU QUOnllltol *1 ^T cobtot *oehed W*fe by ** "Stow down" wAnd. Auction e4 torgw guorthtoi wfll bo by 9 Will Alumina* Displact Lead A* A Cable Sheathing Materialt By KENNETH 8. WYATT ffnglnoor ml Cable* PMpa Dodge Copper Product* Oaryurottoa. Toot mf eddrtm prepared la* pi oe atoften fcr/ere $Uk Ammmml tfi iHag / tMtf /WmMh 4IWWM, White factor ffrwfi, V. ('. dprtf INh The threat of aluminum U tbo toad mbit ohwathing indurtry to Utof more thao * email bloca rtoutf on ito bartaoa. Already the Brute boro !M4t nroro iMa S 000 wdao. Iko Oarmnaa perbepe 800 mitoa. while la North AMVt (hero to abort 109 mtlee Abroad x*d o! hoM new nwtfead and mactunoa r bmag devlupod for th* oppbrottoa ml aluminum cote rtir>Twtof Tbr eubjrrt to frrfUMOy rfftmd to to current technical Jar Mto. Tito quaePoa to- Howlu wi lino rrealiilina ge and hew foot wig ft toko ptoi' HiUtoK Tito eart*te mm ml nlunumrtn towel!Mf kr*owo to Uw writer wno tee 1000 fort ml tetopfecno ato far Ito dmgtbto "Akron tto <*X) fort for the "Moran~ to 1023. Both worn produced by Alcoa by the tuba reduc ing method. to. Uw rabto to threaded tola oo aluminum tuba orhtrb to Uw nJirri doo^ to St the rote tnugly. Latar. to lhih-44. tbr Ofceveprae Cate Work* to Germany manufactured tart tongthe of alumiaum-ahealhed power cabtoo from o m to M hr. flr------m o*4 othrr Ormoo pnmm* fnrturcre ora known tc bora atoo pew iuert oluauauw-ahraihed commute eolto* ood power cable* rumimmolljr to otoO amount* brforr Ito war. Large nk otoufwtvr* toroi er. #4 Ort toko pure um4 INI when tbo Wwlif* o*4 high port a# toad ood to aome extort of labor, tod Jotoao b fnuUipo to England to introduce tbo "draw-doom" method. lo thu tbo cable core to threaded tot* o mmm* tooo aluminum tube of 10** grimier dinmotor. Uto core ood tuba botng then drown through d0 which `totokr* tbo aluminum tola cloeeiy onto tbo cohto. To dot* awe 2 000 outoa rt cote, bath paper ood nibbar IpouUlod. hov baa* to*aotad by U00 propaoo. ood Ibto cobto to to handed to mooy parU of Uto ftrtltoh ftrnptro. Borttoulor >urr-- woo mat wtb to takdirtrtol cabtoo wbrro oonwany Urtw codtot would bo wood, iota wtorb cobto would ba lour pullod ood tout ed; boro tbo fraot my u k c of labor woo tbo tmprtue oad Mt tbo ororofty 1*4 btb piw of toad. Tbo pbo* ooonaaol ouccrao of JaOauao ft PluUtpe to laodipf other Bntitoi cote Oiokrra to ft octirtty tote oluououto cobto ohoattuof. eltot by ttw *4nw> dow~ outbed or by hot Htoioot, Both boforo. dwnof. ood oAer tbo wor tbo Cirwiooo bod toot dudup of pini a*d tacboiquag for te Ktndof olumtouto towatb corttow* auafy oota caUoo. but tbo rtftowhioo wore iHnoat loaunwouoiobto. lo IMS feUem oftd CwUtoauow adapted o fane A tbo Jitoigoo ft MwUpo *drmwb*" out bo A. T>o oluauouu lubr laid out atraiftbt to gallery eerm roJ tbauoaod fart la*d ortguiolly ooad far fnnnukitf atari nn repo, tbo cobto care U pulled to. o*d the* a too iiawb oioft| tbo cobto waJuod oo tbo toootb. ktonx iahmmm ft Ptulbpo bad Meflard tkoao l>e> etoeOy to wooll cobto diaowtaro. uouolly 1 to l<* Urtoa OAd to retouvrty abort toa^lho t tm to boo feet. F ft O ai* tong*, he of ooo feet oltd to ana torb dm d 1JCO fart; 0*4 iba--rtrra oo (real ao Ik ttetoop. U tbto way Ibey abeatbed ever 300 toetaH*Ua*o rt fMiol fttyreftrx Coble. 0*4 mooy tetopbono eobtoa ever Lhe ftJu*a bnd(ea wture nbrotien tofftowuea m*da olumuum eeportally deatrobto. f ft O bod wartwed tbo tirhflte ad )o 4iUm btOrt to billrt vmbert b o ctwotoal weaknew at tbo piortlob. Brtb very pure fwrthto (POftt**) ood eemwrertol yradaa <M 4*t I were noerf, deperubeg o the offrfkotton. Tbo drawn-down watbaf to looked an purely oo oo totana method to lobe care of prcdurtion unui ao I ooo ton ontrutoon prvoo lo ohwtly tortUtod. lo tbo fatted Suttee fettle or m prw greoo woo mode oUU lMl daiptto tbo ao/ly atari mb tbo "Ab/en" tofete to lilt. Slvo tbeuoood fool of 11 pair Ka IS lotopbcno eobte toiootbod by tbo tube reducer wethod were tootalled by Alcoa to their Bout Coao/ort ptoot to 1PM. but Jum woo % to \ le^h to diameior o*d to leoftbo of 100 feet or Icon. Tba Boft Tillpi n l.oharaloeiM bod tootoPod perhapo coo quartor oulo of oortol (lrp>iio*e cote with oJumtouro rtwatb ot Charter, M. J. for raprrtauotol purpeer*. Thao to Dvormbor 1IU, Pheipa Dodga Coppry ProdurtJ Oar* pomtkoo decided to go ialo tbo tooow fortpre of olawtouwi rtwothod M<ft frequency ronoiol cobto ond powar eobtoa under tnunoa fraao Falten ood OuiUaouwe of Cotogna, Oarmooy. tba deanon bautg announced to tbo prob January 1M1 (Two day* later. January IT. IMS. Bmtob-lnoutolod CaUender'i Cabtoo ond Urwy'o Bw gtoeenng Cewpooy. Ltd., ad Englon< wrtuwad tbo /orwitxa of AltotoalB Ltd_ to to eelup tba artmooa pro- cron.) Pbelpa Dodga at Uuo Uwo toaft oo order from Uw AUrtc Energy Cenumooton. through tbohr ouk ten troctora the Naval Iteoonrob libera tory. for 200,000 feel of I'm tack ood loo 000 feet Of % toefe aluminum- oheatbed coaxial cate, lo tbto cate and only o mrtoi of lugb otoctnoal Crtiducttefty could be uood. bane# tkarn woo to tbto Ifirtinro an duptoclag rt toad by aluminum. Since otx moatho a wno roftuifed lo get toto prtertwJ beer, the cobto woo wade by fdlM^ nod Quiitoaumo to Cotogno and dip* loag-tofigtb. large dtometer cable ar rived bree to aarty Ft bruary IPOS. Tbto to the dote orfera wtemn aclivtty to nlunuomn rate ahrattuog caaw Wwwod to tbo fiUlM Stotoo. Tito drmomdmled beyond doubt that Urge dtomrtrr aiumiaum obrotb cabtoo died aaUrtortonly to ttw ftrid tbrt toilet U> toilet juaettom dM not Introduc* wno rum. nod Indeed tbrt tong tongtha of euck large 4ia metor alamtawm obeatb cable could be amanfactored uniformly. Since tbon oreernl bundrarf ihmioaM fort of fttyrm Sex Cobtoe have boon oupplwd. miirb of It manufactured by ftolfa Dodgi at their Tookera. If. T. fdort. Tbetpa Dodge to ate wxartnelurtog oluininum-obootbed power cateft 4 000 fert | conductor--IS Ire. aonal cate for Barton riftona. 300 fart onduetar-- 12.3 kv. cobto for Camaaenwealtb Edioea of Chicago, oad 16 000 fort of 1-conductor -- be. duct rate for CoaaotidaUd Edtooa Company of N T Afl thro# cmItoA wtU have o polyrtbytone )ackrt eevreer,r^A Uto aluminum oo nocrarton pretoetutoen.n.^^ Tbo Canada Wire ft Cobto Cbm pony of Toronto, under bcenoo from Jnhama ft FbUltpo, ore making okw Sapiiniad from TKe Amorkan Metal Maeirt. Apr# Id, lf$) mmm li" f iiiri - r - T[ jtaiiirifiWfti LIA16429 I muum^miM powrr atla. ) load, ao the -- her hand. U oaoy to ahuig tto tabs ceodsming tto coca. uuull&uoa for th* Qo*rc Hydr* )-- palrti or repair. aluminum more Thu method to tto only or* used ta Comnlaiai *1 WontrrtO. tcrm*i*l difficult. t If tho olurrunum to trot any rxtoot oa far in thr sh--thing of of lsoui frrt of l^rrxfurtar--ltO b*. "Una--" with ao aUoy of %0'i cad- eabton ft arms workod nut by tto Hr*OMyp* oU-BU*J r*b* Ui url* oUua--Otoe, tt ran bo wipod to BniiOh and to aa achtrvtmenl ft to hu b.* u oprt*o* for rtfbt a load or ooppor aWrw to tho uoual disconUnueuo method; stare moot menOx. Ajvofhrr m*t*ll*lo* by 1J maanrr; tho johaooa A PbOhpo u-- caMo mshsro purr-tvs-- their alu nnoh OofumWr Conm Rilwy of 80^ tia-- lO'* star to out roea-- minum tubing owLsvdr. U frequently Caopuy oT Vwrouwr NOkMi of M * moodod bocau-- of ccrrooica at tho Isav-- them without full coni rot. The WO frrt of 99 b*. m<w mnductor lntorfaca.1 Load U aot ao Mowp writ or bottoms tho "draw-vtowa*' cnblo. ihrro crbln bruit yuurT IMr tlbto to corrooioo ao atummum. al- method to purely aa toUnra method tar duet. Tbry or* oloo riator turn* 900 frrt or *> bv. M)-ftU*ft Uwugb both should bo protoctotf ortth a )aehot for bad otoetroiyUc or cthar which will bo replaced eventually bf tto totoRtnKm aad atnp methods. rebrt with dvmlnun ahoath for tho AJumlhum Owrpujr at Coaodo at Klttlmat. la aJl raara (ha olumlaum ahaath u pratretad by a -ruhhar aaadwtrh" Jackal, la lha artaaaooa U tholy Laaada pUat. Canada win ft Cahta uaad aluaUaum-ahcwlhad -- 1 roadiMl' tar-- 1* hr. caMa far aupp(yta powar. Th* cabta waa riaftUi m tacha JUthauth Ua apart** at tha lattar waa ratha* treat, tha cahta dad Fro-- this brtH mm witt to m that ilwntium ahniMaf f* rahhi to slrcoilj well oolablvehcd o*4 growing rapidly ia Or--i llntaia. oa Um CoaUamt K U Wm waff --sbHo> d and ta KorlH Amortem A to a--hlag h mmM brglaiMag. * TK fteUtiw Monto 0* UK V* Ah----m For Cable 8hath tog A |Um at tto table of papwUK of lk two witlli mak-- M she-- ccaduumo Ho*rm, ahuiuauoi of ordlaary EC frado hao booa aidoty uaod throughout Lho Unitod tlal-- for traaomi--oa Uaro for non lhaa 90 yoaro without aay corroWoa trouMo whalrwr. oscopUnc aoar tho ooa. hinri u should bo ouiUblo for aortal caMo to--thing. Load to far oaAsr to Iona arouad lto cablo thao ataaitoum. Load toads aad roots am oaotly thao atunuauto. WUI0 tto nlor hao arwr booa abio to aoo aay psrtmkHjr good foan for alumtouoi roadurtora la taoutaod p--tf csto. nrrpt v%rUoto ohortogoa or aatioaal srrs--ty. tto --o of aluodau-- for eatoo atoathiog tea always appoarod a ^aaturaL** Tto furotioa Itoa aria-- ao ta why alumauai was aot uaod for otoauaag toforo. Tto aaowrr of courao bra to tto nOrtat difflodiy of vstrudMg aha--aum around a ctUt, both torauao lho high Umporatur* asc--ary [ ShO Cl cauo-- tto catoo tooulolisa to o--fc or rharr. aad caua-- troubiaa with tto otoH of tho Tto tot---in--cm of hlumtmtm thesthing directly onto tto caWo cmtiftuouaty too be-- for kng years tto alumaio goal eff German engineer* but tto high temperslure (9J0` Cl aoreooary for tto ahmnaum affertod both the steel of tto pro-- and tto tosntotloa of tto cable eara. After a umber of small pro--n had to-- buih had tried out la Qerwvaay aad la England. -- --cal Urge prr--s easploying dUTrf--t pnaciptoa tort be-- co--trucled aad are aow being taoUUod. Tto-- --ouM prow --rcim ful Tto Urgsot ts that of FcRea and OuiOsauM with two mtne to-- capacity. Audi a p--. taKalUA would oral la thu country owr a-- mill*-- danaro. and airtwsd would re^uiro that R cu--CrJrtiy be fed with large fnsatm-- of caM--. ChMe aianufactitfera hi bigUnd aad Ger many todag such marhm-- wil thus to farced to actively dverlny markets for aluminum atoathed ra bies throughout tto world. Tto WOO pr--a can extrude a t-- mil w%li --* proas, aad bucauoo It la dLEWuft la formiy aad without pur>ay a a uwto toOrt to toUot ao Is iwroosary Icxw-mrfliAf point pKyethyiene cwo **4g-- .......... g/c--* 1L4 t.f ta a rosttououa oprralioa. aAd brrsi-- r--asursa aro high, and poroorty of and the lattee may to toft u the pre-- f-- half aa hour withe-- damage tt De-neat c--durin'tty ViknUA factor .......... JO* 4.T * 1A-J t tto atoolh tofftcuJI to ovoid. Thsdr dtffWulli-- tow aow harm otrrro--a. Of ail thru# dflrdtiM with alwmima thrw aro only two of con-- would aot of course be sronocmraJ to u-- ouch a largo pee-- for wry --8 cabioo. Tto pre-- no to wood stou for ortneto^ alumtaum wire tor* ltoKwa ... k| M> IXIMI fusner. ccirronua and Jolatag. Tha-- four or mare at a tuna, and it to aarf Too Kit ts aow owr 10 yoara rsprrwaco with tt vll to th--per tbaa roOtag. Anntk ... kf/Mrt l.T Oil plastic strip protoetloa of ahimtauai Poaget--l . 4AMIS-II to-- th to Cormoay aad Dorfrl (17) Tto strip mottod c--ts ta form- Oroater tbaa tt. tat-- that ourh cablso arr ao a-- lag a any f shtmhun around tto I f Orootor tbaa to praar to e--ruw.n tbaa k--4. Tto fact caUa with fonavnff rolls, and th-- (la-- ttoa h) mokisg 0 earner U hasdto aad cheaper to stop. wttb wry frwt advaatage for tilcpho-- or foo> or aortal cable. It to much iMOftf lU tiiooo 1 sad harder iwiw Um>, string it Moot for caWoo wttb laterMl pri--ure Koeo ao h i KuuioiK rrmatoo that aS aluminum otosttod eahtso for a-- umlrign--d moot to firm rorromoa protmton; load for burwdt orrrtcr to aiao protorlod. but for duels to usually toft unprotsetod. Jouuag to mors difficult with alaauaum but to ao laagor a protooto. weldlAg tto loagttudiaal oeam bf high^riipi--ry todurlj-- --dvr try-- atmosptor* lubeiquint to tto wsld lag. tto stoa Ui m reduced aUghtly by haitoting ratio ta tightly ht tto caM* Tto boot method app--re ta to that of tto Yoder floltor Co--naoy of Perstood Their cable merhato la am--ary; U-- appti-- at-- la Mothado Of Applytoff Aboatool to not yet read) for comm--nal pern burled cabtee where tho olool tape sm totott duetto*, although thmr mechme f-- oaforco woof required with toad --ay Ahaalaato tosath may to farmsd mahisg ahimmum p*p--g to. Gahla 8 to omittod. lu higher r----safe to elbreli-- fatigue <*5 Urn--) maboa It ewy deolrsbto for bridge csblio and for aortal cables. tU greeter etoc- oa tto cablo to throo orayo: tto "frtv* down- mothsd. hot-ootruo--a, or tto strip proesoa Tto "tfnvdevi mothod Pimaf la sinhtng aa rwaai ah--thing la sppbed at rat-- up to 190 foot a mmole. Tto weld to at least ao strong ao tto real of tha sh--th. A nJge to tafl U--ds whhtt. Ideal c--durtivny (srr-- urn-- Uai alumiauM lobs wmgljr onto tto cablo. huweeor, would be bermfuj to high of load) mo*-- it --cwIk-- far p--*iol Esther tho tubs and eery aro drawn e--tage cabi-- While the method to ablo atoatMM. Otrougfc a dto, or tto dto to drawn --UKartery for tab-- berau-- tha --nin---- HiUW.ppjip.ilUJifWW map mmmmmm mmmmmmrnmmmm .. LlAl^30 tetter ran be subeiqumtfy teeted for pocueity. It le Ima satisfactory for cables because oi the impossibility te testing Por tome typee of cahlaa, eg, rubberun*uleted cabtec, am* Mooel porosity el the uta te the aluminum sheath erould not be te A reoevt variation te the strip method le te give the atataMum strip e ma c dtp and ft this copper plating e both antes. The* the standard Yodsr machine which sotders the longitudinal smm may be used, and mmmthe bugbear te porutety Is A stouter method baa been devel oped te England by PtreUl Penarm! at Southampton. Tu spend eg tee fete per mmute is relatively slew. The eost d ihWaia btlteU for the eetruMsa machine Is 21 cants par pound, ef aluminum strip D cants per y pund. and ml stem in mm tetenf *%ea the Yoder otnp proraas Is perfected U mrltiit, became d Ss tew capita] cote and high output, te aaught be userid eupphmMdiag besvy press te sheathing small rubber er ptetew cables, teavmg Urn press Or* ftbimiawm te tern Chan H the watgbi mt teed. A follows dm! the price te lead mute be about V the price te etenuaum tf the same thickasm is used, or te the price ef &h> misuw tf te thickness te used se M flipkml cable. If the tw# metals are te be economically sqwvalpte. dtervgmidtng the cute ef apptirutloA. for tteephoas cables. te match alu minum at 10 cents per pound, teste would base le mil for Iter per pound ta power cables the thicks am em ployed for aluminum aheathmg sru only TPi ta M' lead, bears at TV| thicknam tend would bass te sail for four cents ft pound l temptUVatten but gisu a emote gmera! picture, gems motefteatten mute be msde for the cent ef the cornuwa protection ea the aluminum but as A te fairty cheap, and as A would be an advantage te atee use A with tend teimlh. wo have aoglwisd A. Application costs for extruded aha usarn ahmths should nm higher than for land. Lead has slight disadvantage te freight and te taker ef hawflug The comparison my bo made te another way. The material cote fer the deal! ef one foot ef eat Inch teamster telephone cable ta, fer lead at 199! prices 22 reals; for stalpetfc, IS cents; and for ahiminam two cents. Fhr power cable, saw I U would cost B1 rente e feed, >1 cent aluminum d T9% thickness would cost UUe. Per high praseuto power rehlee Uw osvtng due to aluminum would be much greeter becauee the re an/proa mant cun be onutled. There Menu Itttle doubt d the eronmme advantage at fthammum lor AvaiiabilHy Of Load at the prinu time te te am ple nappty, and alumirom mould atee be te ample mppty te the near future. Primary aluminum production M the Vetted States haa been and Is exported te be: I*6i -- I4do.ooo.d0d tea IMS -- 14TO.OOO.OOO Ita. IMS -- 1700.000.000 XM4 -- 1400 000000 tea, estimated Total aluminum available for man ufacture. including primary, imports 1MJ -- 1400 000,000 tea 10S3 -- 1400.000,000 Um, rteimsIMl la the face d three dguree and the stems deductions therefrom. It te difficult te ere any change ta the differential that would be importantly favorable te teed te competition for Wdl Aluminum Cut lade The Cnuwtem Of Land Fer Cable t henthing f ft has already bssn men that teebstrwiiy and mneauftfly aluminum te la a fovseabis y--turn Lte un at tempt aa aaalyaaa Telephone Cabin--If tealpteh had ate bssn tatrodumd. 129,000 lone te Uod would hevs brmt used this ymr. As A te. M.000 to 40.000 tom leas te tend will be used because d the sta*peth sheath. When the Aluminum ehuth technique ta worked out. A would appear that Uw 12 cent tealpr<h shssUi which nosed out the 21 cent tend sheath will Its*if be etUteanted by the two ceett aluminum heath. Tl would not be surprising ta see tend, commencing la about two jmn time, gradually lose out com pletely to ahmimvm is this held. Xa the meantime, A te loeutg mt to state Chaxiat Cables. - Land never has been generally used la this applies* tkm. Aluminum Mienthing te repine ing copper piping, and should be come almost universal la this geld. Power Cabtes--For industrial estates, for eaample, wiring and control ca biea, eiuminum-ahealhed cable# have been Is great demand abroad and may in tune repines other type# fairty completely becauee te the mriag of labor and the neat Appearance, team lead te tittle used la thu application, the gala for aluminum will not ba at the 4 Tn aerial rabtee aluminum "F r*peeled gradually te replascee leeaadd1 almost completely because of its tight weight, and high reatetanre te vtbc%* ttoa fatigue. Is high pressure gas er tel cables which are used for the high ate voAages. aluminum could fa place tend fairly completely, aance the strength of aluminum permits the ra mfersm sent le be emoted. to duct cable other than tug* | sure rabies ( which uwnpnsm great bulk of tend* caters m (he United ktatae. the mm mt aluminum sheath Is proWemaiteel swing to its greetw st iffs am and the arrneily for training the cable 4 mantedre te take rare of < pniblams hem te bo Already from dummy maatede tents A appears that a-hi^ sum akeeth cable has mwek higher Bering u/ than Wad. The traftMtmn anU be gradual at mote because ef tbs entrants 11 m rvstism mt Utility - terns are eliminated and at the < tune there t# a double earing, ssmstyj that mm the metal sheath itself that on the reinforcement which the strength te the aluminum makes wm necesnary. In athhtiea. several largo extruewn yinseee are bemg both m Eagisnd aad one te AAOd tons la Germany Them marktarn can dak trrmrotew quantities te rate# and A te eeriam. kersam te the largo IkweUnnt they nyriwst. that they wiU not be allowed < These conmteratiane appear to I that a eubetaatMl psrretesgu te power cable m Europe win. wAhte the nest two yuarn, be sheathed wAh Lead ha* beon tn urn for ptping aad sheathing for over 2.00k years, lid particularly As reststance is mil sum. Yet the new earner aluminum hae sufficient technical and sceasmld advantagm to constitute a real thread ta lead la the cable shmfhtag ftdi Despite As wmknma ta oorrmtea dad the dimrulty of JoUuag or palcftlug tt. aluminum cable sheathing wOl Into ' Eurny m tho nest few jetift 1ft America thmte change wtB come more sallooewrttyy.. Tste^B phene cable wiU probaibbtly use i)d9 mimwa sheath almost esattllnrehtyr werSithkkat*w ive years er tees, ta Che power cakta Industry tho trasutiaa win oomo more aloerty swing to ixpansisA pvute lama la under grmmd ducts and thd ooMorvftUsm te the utiltty Mteudtiy. ud from TVa Amiricsw Mteal MW. AH >< 119 ei:eiewiiwsi.i .pi ow p p pw -w u p i P U P W 1* !' WWASi f wadi %