Document YGaJXLok0aMnzKdbE8M3gq5nE

'i # l ead mxmma as s o c iaik * 292 fedlaco Arsnua Saw Tort, I. T. 10017 by FELIX EDGAR WOMSSt Cooaultant and Foraar L.I.A. Frasldaot Btfcra STscornmn os a ir a r d w at er p o o o t k * O. S. Sacata Cosolttea 00 Public Works Thursday, Jus* 9* 19^6 Kjr mat la Falls Ed^ar Vorotar. X lira la Graanwich, Coca. X as a eooaultlng ulnloj aoclrsar vlvh an refloatrtn dagraa aod aa booorory doctorata, aad X aa appaarlEi4 bafora you ca babalf of tba Laad laduatrlaa Aaaoclatloc. X bslpad ortaalta tba Lead laduatrlaa Association la 19^ baeaa* 11a first seerttary tad ultimately lta president. X aa also a rattrad rice president of tba St. Joseph Laad Coopony, a fontar trustee of Columbia Qnlrerelty, a fallow of tba American Aaaoelatlca for tba Adtaacaaaot of Sclaoca, aad bald tba offlea of Assistant (Secretary of tba lotsrlor for Kloeral Raawreaa during Praaldaat tlsecbovar's first tara. Currently 2 as cbalrsaa of tba Enclneerlnc Council of ColiabU Ublrerslty. Tba eradaatlala X bring to tbla comlttee ara tboaa of a Ilfsi las Involve**nt with laad aad laad prebleas, Including tboaa of public health, aa wall aa aa tttocUllat wltb asay dlsttn* gulabed aethers of tba aadlcal profs* * loo specialising la tolsotlfla ratsareb aad lead toxicology. Tour ooaalttee, Mr. Chatraan, baa alraady dooa ouch to atlilata nscsstary lsoadlata aettoo and e<).ally loportant continuing r**rrb 00 tba problems of safeguarding tba air of our eltlaa aod countryside. Tts laa4 Industry's nwywwfgysi .jg 1, >.u h i im*-y '* ,4 T. X. tfonteer 3t*te*nt 2 t 1 @f long tins efforts srs In accord with your bbjectlves. Our Aasoelatioo aad i individual conrpanlea in our Industry have developed sod supported extensive I:" effort over the pest several decedss to understanding the role end control of leed exposures In both industrial and public envlrooMets. i- Tbs formation of the lead Industries Association ms unique in that it eefcraced pertleipants fro* both producers end consumers, that la adalng c companies, mKing and refining ccepaales, aad aaoufacturere of lead contain* ,5 Inc product*, including lead anti-knock compounds. This retain* the structure of the Association today. A centre! objective of the Association mi and is to research leed in ell varieties of application aad effects aad to dlaaeeinate k E " J to the public the knowledge so gained. Lead is aaoog the eost ccnon Betels of the earth* crust and therefore i0 occurs naturally nearly everywhere. It la eined coeeerclally in 18 states. The United States alone uses annually about 1,300,000 too* of lsad with a \ e value, at today's price* of $360,000,000. Lead possesses unique physical qualities which eeke it an effective Metal in isportant social, public safety ( aad utilitarian usee. Aaoeg the*# are radiation shielding fren the X-ray row to atonic energy installations, insulating buildings against noises aad vibration*, providing packaged power in the fora of storage batteries, electrto aad cceeualcetlon cable shielding, soldering la aodern electronic aaoufactur* leg, aad aa aa additive to gasoline to give higher performance sod greater fr fuel econony for olvlllaa aad allItary use. Thus, lead 1* a highly useful V aetal la our society) it gives eaployaent to thousands of people) and It s F provides eenfort and security to Millions la Its aaoy applications, for :3 these reasons, a full understanding of any relationship of lead to the health of people working In lead Industrie* aad of the general publlo la essential. Health and safety are setters of paraaount importance to us In the leed p s. ' /.I. Vornaer 8t*t*aont 3 ^ :' . Aa o m of th* vorld'e oldest knew aad used mUIi , tha affect* of exposure to lead bar* been studied for years -- rightfully aad aaceiearlly. Lead ilka ao aaay eleaeota la aatur* po******* toxlo propertla*. There ara i fav eubstaoces, however benign la tbalr general uses, that do aot bara alda \ affacta or toxlo effects la acM people vbao alauaad or abuaad. Th* maker of eaaaa of serious 111a* a aad daatb that occur la thla country sach yaar fro* tba alauaa aad oraruaa of ordinary drug* la a good exaapl*. With . potentially toxlo substance*, th* soever la terns of public health la tvcfoldt ooe, knowledge gained through research Into physiological reaction aad raapooaa aad, two, control* appropriate to th* vell>b*lng of th* populace* Bacauaa of the chrloua eaed to learn rrerythlng poaalbla about the aaalfestatlon of th* toxic proparti** of lead la lta chaslcal aad thy*leal fonaa froo the standpoint of public protection aad aelf-latereat, th* l**d Industry la 1??5 aad* a grant to th* Barrard Hedlcsl School for aa exhaustive tudy of lead's affect on aaa wider the leadarahlp of the renewed hr. Joseph C. Auh. Abaolutely ao atrlega were attached to th* great aad the Barrard ' Helical School wa# given c ceplet*- freedms la taking lta laraatlgatloo aad la naklag the raaulte public, lb* aola coocern of th* laduatry la the** stud Is# wi the development of acleatlflo aad hygienic truth. Tver alace the formation of the lead Industrie* AaaocUtloo, th* prograa of aedleal raaearcb haa continued aad expanded rlthout any change la th* bat la broad gauge policy Initially enunciated to aaek th* truth. Since 19C) scientists W10 later forced tha ataff of Kettering laboratory of tha University of Cincinnati hav* been engaged la th* lnvaetlgatlon of various aspect* of tha occurrence aad behavior of lead la tha external environ* neat aad la th* htewn syste*. The A**ocl*tloo bu eadorted thl* vork firm th* outset. la addition financial and technical support ha* gone to macro* T. X. Voroaar Stataneot univsraltles for apscUllsed lead research. Th# Lead Industries Association help* finance the Kettering abstracting aanrte* covering artlclss oo lead appearing la tb# nedlesl and technical publication* of tb# world and distrib ute* the## oa o quarterly b*el*. Research project# under th* direct auspice* of th# Lead Industries Association bar* been relatively few, however, compared with research activities v# hav* stimulated through our "#eed" project* tad anccuragessant of effort# by other*. Major progress have barn undertaken by tba federal governasat, Individual ccopnaies la aad associated with tba laad Industry, aad by private aai pvbllc rtMarci Institutions -- la large part, wa believe, because of tba Initiative taken by our Association. There la oo doubt la wy alad that als-dlagnosls aad earlier lack of knowledge say bar* unduly Increased public concent about laad. As an officer e of the laad Induetrlet Association Z recall Investigating peracoally caae after caae of pr*a report* alleging lead ae tba eauee of daaage where lead vae oot evea uaed or Involved. X vlab there were tine to relate to you aoae of ay adventure# la lavestlgatlog tbea* caae*. Because of ay work la tbla field, X vae Invited (though ay doctorate vea act la aedlclne) to addreaa tba Seventh Annual Coogreaa on Induetrial Health la hoetoo la 19^ W poeltloo tbea, aa It la today, la that thorough eclentIfle determination be aad* before lead la eltad aa a eauee of Injury or death. Oo the subject of lead Intoxication la children. It la appropriate that X mention LZA'a supported research at the Children's Medical Center la Boston, Harvard Medical Cchool, Johns Hopkins Medical fVhool and the University of Cincinnati. Tbla work has vastly deepened cnr knowledge and provided guide* lines for corrective action. Tfce American Standard! Association working vtth our Association has specified a Halt txt lead oontent for Interior paint*. The manufacturer* of children'* fumlture and toy* no longer uss lead paint* , "... r- ( t J T. t. Wcnuar Stataaant I 9 In their products. The action of the paint industry, plus the vigilance of public health offielals, has achieved great success. Much early research in land, of course, u alaed at guarding the health of thoae whose work In Industry involved high exposure to lead. Through tha techniques of tha industrial hygienist and aouad plant englaeerlBg, occtqatioeal haaerds can new be controlled and avoided. Since tha goal of tha Industrial hygienist la pranrantion Koch research hea gone into tha detarainatlon of par* aittibia lavala of occupatloral exposure to lead. Cootlnulng studies In l&duatry, corralatad vlth cootrollad exposure rtaaarch with tuaw subjects, provide tfca beat a for the widely accepted peraiaalbla level* and standard* In Induatry today. These levels and atandarda are accepted by all state and local - " i goverrsnt.tal ag^iee haring Jurisdiction. Careful research has aad* It pottibia to dataralna safe occupatlcoal exposure* to lead in tha Industrial plant air. furthermore, by neaeurlng tha aaouat of lead la tho blood and urine of workers, it 1a easily possible to avoid exposure# that aay approach an vxtdes treble level. froa tha viewpoint of your Genets Oubecsmlttee, hcve-rer, tha currant question concerns tha general public. Definitive studies over tha years have shown that tha averaga parson takas in and Vial ratt a tiny pjtf.i It its of lead in the food ha eats, tha water ha drinks and the air ha breathes. These extensive stutta* have also shown th*v in the absence of unusual sxpxaure, lessen output of lead ia tha sene as tha intake. C* tha average, ecet of this intake * aWjt '/> parcel,t * cotes fro* food and drink and about 10 percent fre* the air. It is lie latter **a. is wat ^erMwi' to these hearings. f '-y,, - J- * ySSmSVfc* * . **-? i ' ' ' * - . *-, jg.v, yTw -.>* ' 1^v-.* y ' S . 'j SSS"! >*- - -T , *.v * * '- ,s&f *<- 1 S'^'1~ * v: vi , *A * ># '``` * >' ': '. V *** 'rifeflffrf'rn lip' - i\ llffrva *'-' ^^M^VrVl Ifr" . r, B. Vomr Btate*at 6 So m lead get* Into th* Air fra* lndu*trl*l proc*t*lng and natural wind dliturbaoce* of the earth'* *urf*c*. JWcantly attention bu ben directed toward lead u**d m a gaeoliae additive and fro* vfclch *<*a* lead compound* at * enitted with Auto AXbAUtt. And bar* Z *bould rentloo that lead anti-knock conpound* do act Influence th* foraatlco of ffcotocbcalcal *aog. Thl* fact vu *tabll*bd la A study At Kldveat Ataearch Institute And reported la Industrial and Riglneerlag Cbealtry.* Anti-knock ccopound* perform a *o>t useful fwetloo, Id moving 'knock* they greatly leprore th* fflel*ocy of fuel, Baking yorelbl* today' high ccepretaloo aotonotlre engine*. They aIao coc*err* a precloua natural recure*, petroleun, by raking greolln* go ouch further than It would without there additive*. Anti-knock compound* bay* b*n rubjected to eabauatlv* Aedlcal research both bare and abroad for ow*r 10 year*. On* of tb aarllMt of th** aodical re*aarch tfforu va* parforead with th* participation of tba federal Coreraarct aad publlcatloo of tha*a *arly tatt re*ult vaa aad* by th* Surgeon General of th* U.S.P.H.S. In 1926. Ttl* vork Involved th* exaolMtloe of group* of worker* la th* gaaolln* lndu*try *ad group* of other* who **r u*ln* th* mv l*add gaiollna, aad th* Surgeoo General'* *xprt ecooltie* of doctor* and *cl*ntt*t* reported that there va* no batard to th* publl* la tb* u# of thl* mv product. but tb* coerattte* eautlou*ly and properly reeoaaeoded that th* queatlco continue to be *tudl*d and watched and thl* bat been doo*. Th* scat recant, and *oat lnteo*lre, of there *tudt* va* reported lat year by the U.9. Public Bealth Service and 1* known a* the Surrey of lead la the Aincepter* of Three Urban Ccanunltlee (ntfl Pub lie* l loo Bo, *//) AP-lf). Xta finding*, bared no c<rpr*h*n*lre iorettlgatloo* of alr-boro# lead and April, 19*8. IKMF *i -l\ZZS~3t\ PMywr..y'nif 1 \ n I, MJ, Uij wufv.m* - '- - } fri H rf* 1 biological sacpllcg of a total of 2,300 people la Loo Angola*, Cincinnati, aod IkUadelpbla, again eocflxa th# fact that load coctant of th# air la low and do*a not constitute a public health hazard. Th* report further support# and augment# th* data cceplied by th* Satlocal Air 8*npllag Hetvorfc indicating d o lnereaaa In lead concentration* la th* air of three cities over th* last flea yeara. In on* city, Cincinnati, the trend la fact has been downward else* th* late 19^0* e shoving that Increased gasoline use does not necessarily result in increased concentration of laad la tha air, Tbla PE3 study Included a broad scale huaaa adapting prograa to estahUab parallel biological data. Tha biological aasplt obtained revealed no signif icant acetaailatloo of lead la people. In addition the Oblted Rations Vorld Health Organization publicly stated last Deceafcen **o lncraass la lead contaalnatloo Is found by VBO Investigation.* Ihe WHO study conducted la 16 countries, including the 0.8.A., was coordinated by Dr. Leonard J. Goldvater of Columbia UfclversKy. The study group reported that there has been no Increase la lead contamination In th* last two decades, further, VBO said, the result* of recent Investigations of lead content la th* huaao body aod of dally Intake through air, food and water do not differ greatly frees those shewn by older Investigation*. If there bas been any change, the report say#, It would appear that at present c m Is exposed to the whole to lees lead la hi* envlrtraent than he was twenty year# ego, although greater tonnage* are new used to Industry end notor fuel additive*, because of these latter usee the report suggest* thst we not be conplacsnt, and la this w* eeocur a* la deacoetreted In furverd-golrg studlea on laad In the anvlrunwat. Ttve Moat of research to lead done and published, the significance of this, th* Interpretation of He meanings to th* public, and the contribution* and* to th lead working Industry as well a* the general public la ao vast \ igSUJJS HU'Jl'.WW , ' ; that Z can do no sort than lndicat# her* tb* general result*. ftit all of tha -- facta leading to my generalized atataaaota hart baaa published at length for tha whole scientific tod nedical casualty to road, study aod act upon for greater safety aearurt*. The aort serious challenge that 2 hare beard Is that continued studies should he aads; that we should not be eccplacent la what we have learned. Tha Deed to knew la greater detail mart about tha aavtroo,1 ental distribution of lead wee brought out quit# clearly at tha recently bald Oynpoelxxt oo Lead sponsored by tha United States Public Health Service* Division of Air Pollution, la Washington. And la this we of the lead Industry wholeheartedly agree, and we agree by continuing not Just ar cvn support of Independent research but by encouraging ell others to do likewise. la conclusion I should like to state, acre Is known shout the biological effects of lead then about skiaoat any other eir-borce substance. It Is one of the aoet thoroughly Investigated areas la tha field of air pollution and '1 health. These points era aade to support the fact that there la probably no natal about which so such is known la relation to Individual sad general health. Cto the basis of this scientific knowledge Z can positively assert that lead constitutes no public health hazard la Aserlca today, nevertheless, continued research oo lead end Its significance to buean beings ^.Ias necessary end desirable end Is being carried out. Anong research projects, recoasaended by our aedleal advisors, la various phases of planning and preparation, Is a continuation of the "Three Cities &rvy," also a fWvUaentel Investigation of tha Muchealcal Vasts of tha function Of lead and la particular the aectanls* by which It bring* about changes) research Into bone narrow blips/ as a aaeaure of tha total body lead burden and neuro physiological effect* frost load exposure. jipp)-wpt'...as!"t.i MJ.WJS' J'.Sf '.r .i i.immii i  Findlyl do Dot tMnk Z c m do better than triad to your attentlcc the ctateaent yublicbed la the Archlvee of Eavirofibcntal Health of tbe American Medical Aesoclatloa in February of this year. In reference to diccueslooc oo lead, this rtateeent vu sod* by tbe Caslttee cn Occupational Toxicology of the Council o q Occupational Health of the Aaerlcaa Hedlcal Accoclatioo end . conclude ae followst "Tbe Cooeittee feel* obliged to point out that as a recult of year* of careful clinical study la worker* in the lead Industry significant, eubtle, and unrecognised or 'unrecognisable' change* are not occurring in the general peculation a* a reeult of it* expoeur* to earlromantal lead. la fact, thla vast clinical evideace, evaluated by a great mater of ellnically trained ecleotlete, suggest* that tbe general public le not now, nor in the InMdiate futute, facing a lead haxard." "H ________ _ >. i*--'v-vi. I i frray'jar^gwaa.-w^jyw.. JWUWJ yM - JUJUlff 1