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ANSI Z88* 2-1969 * American National Standard practices for 1 respiratory protection Z 8 8 .2 -1 9 6 9 C 003321_ . LAM022982 !?3 ANSI Z8&2-1969 l,: rican National Standard for Respiratory Protection *... '4 - ' '---*-. h-*'."*,*'*.-"_'*555 #i-- s.sA'*'"fWSyjifcW ' NS'jrtr^"*#<5v ...................... ... Sponsor SK ' S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Mines __ . Approved August 11, 1969 American National Standards Institute, Inc 3 j ii 1 1 t\ | PQ3322 LAM022983 erican National Standard AttAmerican National Standard implies a consensus of those sub stantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the & standard, or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. v./'Lv American National Standards are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, rev&e. or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the. date,of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may ' 'ii . receiVetcurrenliiinformation on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. :.i, Z&p* ~ CV^vr - sa. ~ . ~^?!r: *' * ysmm*. Published by erican National Standards Institute, Inc 430 Broadway, New York, New York 10018 Copyright.1969 by the American National Standards Institute, Inc So portion of this publication may be quoted or reproduced in any form without _ the written permission of the American National Standarxla Institute. Printed in USA P1M277/SS0 C 003323 | .1 u/w022984 I f V *-c Foreword -;: > V'lV*sApS*c -- - - -.. \: ' ' (This Foreword is g^fjgurt of American National Standard Practices for Respiratory Protection, Z88.2-1969,) .ij --J7. This is a revision of the respiratory protection portion of American National; Standard Safety Code for Head, Eye, and Respiratory Protection, Z2.1-1959. The United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, which acted as cosponsor of Z2.1-1959, accepted sponsorship of the proj ect on respiratory protection when it was deemed advisable to separate the portions of that Z2.1 standard. A Z88 Standards Committee was organized and met on Septem&r 24, 1963; to review the section of Z2.1-1959 dealing with respiratory protection. The Committee decided to revise and rewrite that section. The fifth draft of the proposed standard was submitted to letter ballot and accepted by the Z88 Committee on May 196ft It was approved as an' Americah'Natiohal Stan'*' dardon August 11. ' .. V. .-;y Since questions may arise from time to time concerning interpretation of this standardk tu. Inter?: pretation arid Review Committee has been established, to provide for the uniform .hsm^ingv.ofj doubtful cases. Anyone using this standard and desiring an interpretation- may the Standards Institute. The Committee will also review new developments in res; and determine the need for revision or supplementation of this standard. .^ Suggestions for improvement gained in the use of this standard- will be welcome^They sent to the American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018^4 The Z88 Standards Committee had the following personnel at the time it approved this standarc Robert H. Schutz, Chairman Francis X. Worden, Secretary>^-~ Organization Represented Name af Repi American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists-........................ Hyatt American Foundrymen's Society.............................. ............. American Gas Association ......................................................'........7........ ,,.7P6wsfe|*.?;^^ H.W. Becker(MIX American Industrial Hygiene Association__ ,,.;.E. C..Hvattag&y^g.- ;r" " American Insurance Association................... ...Robert] American Mutual Insurance Alliance ..7...............7 ..........r --- - . .....A: HougnionBp^5*TM-^ v,,. Frederidt H,DeCg-f American Petroleum Institute........... --................................................. ......................... .........W. E. Carrolfcr,:.'!..,'?. ' . - J.F. McKenna American Society of Mechanical Engineers......]........ ....................................................... ......Thomas R. Curran American Society of Safety Engineers . . ....... ........... .......... .................... . Richard 8. tiainZZ t ..... .. : - - HaroldRftohfefAtf/^~~ American Welding Society ................. ....................................................................... ........ 1....A. D, Brahd^..ir.v;|.;^ Association of American Railroads ..................... 7....... .............................................................D. P. Russell Electronic Industriea^Asiftiriation ... ,7-................................. ..... 7....................... ........... ....F. X. Worden" y ' ;y ' % James. General Services Administration ................... .......... Industrial Medical Association ... .7........ .................... ...... ..........I..::............. International Association of Fire Chiefs ... International Association of Governmental Labor Officials National Safety Council.......................................................... Telephone Group............................ U. S. Atomic Energy Commission . Benjamin Smila -' : Harley N.Tric?^- ; . Charles N. Sumwait1(AU)" Howard M. Weiss (Alt) .....Raymond J. Btadjr- ' Donald M. O'Brien (Alt) .....Martin Slotkin u--;r .....H. H. Fawcett Julian B. Olishifski (AU) ; .....F. X. Worden ..- .....Carl G. Welty. Jr Humphery Gilbert (Alt) .s -.. J Z - J C 003324 LAM022985 msrXKrrsacr Organization Represented U. S. Coast Guard....................... U. S. Department ofAgriculture........ U. S. Department of the Army........... U. S. Department of the Interior........ U. S. Department of Labor.................. U. S. Department of the Navy............ U. S. Public Health Service (Liaison) Individual Member............................... Name of Representative Norman W. Leraley. Holland M. Waters Robert A. Duguid Harry H. Ackerman (Alt) Robert H. Schutz E. J. Kloos (Alt). G. Walker Daubenspeck John O'Neill (Alt) Samuel H. Barboo, Jr N. E. Rosenwinkel (Alt) Howard E. Ayer Charles H. Powell (Alt) William E. Clark The subcommittee which prepared the final draft on this standard had the following personnel. H. H. Ackerman Raymond J. Brady R. H. Burr Carl G. Welty, Jr, Chairman .>- ~ - ; ~ H. H. Fawcett E. C. Hyatt W. H. Revoir "c.ti-r . % ' .-sssSKfc; C 003325 LAM022986 Vtt----- - I I G I Contents SECTION : ;y.jer;.-r- vs. 1. Introduction 2. Definitions .... --... .... ........................................ .'................................ r PAGE ......... 7 ........ 7 V 3. Recommended Requirements for Codes .......................... 4. Classification of Respiratory Hazards................................. . 5. Classification, Description, and Limitations of Respirators .... 9 V----:. 11 '' .;..... 11 6. Selection of Respirators ................. ..................................... . 6.1 Approved or Accepted Respirators........................ 6.2 General Considerations .......sisn?......................... 6.3 Nature of the Hazard............... ................................ 6.4 Extent and Location of Hazard ......... ....................... 6.5 Work Requirements and Conditions-...^................... . 6.6 Employee Acceptance and Face Fit...... .............. ...... 13 ........ 13 13 7. Use of Respirators.... ......... .... 7.1 Operating Procedures............. .... 7.2 Issuance of Respirators................... 7.3 Use in Dangerous Atmospheres..... 7.4 Training and Education in Proper Use 7.5 Facepiece Fit Tests and Procedures.... 8. Maintenance and Care of Respirators.......... 8.1 General .................................................. 8.2 Inspection .............................................. 8.3 Cleaning and Disinfection.................... 8.4 Repair .................................................... 8.5 Storage ................................................. 9. Special Problems ............................................ 9.1 Corrective Lens with Full Facepiece.... 9.2 Eyewear with Half-Mask Facepiece.... 9.3 - Respirator Use in Low Temperatures........ 9.4 Respirator Use in High Temperatures............ 9.5 Communications.......................... .................... 9.6 Nonconventional Respirators ..................... ..... 27 10. Evaluation of Respirator Program Effectiveness....... 10.1 General ............................................................. 10.2 Wearer Acceptance.................. ,,....................... 10.3 Examination of Respirators in Use................ 10.4 Evaluation; of Protection Afforded............... 11. References to Other Codes, Standards, and Manuals 27 27 28 28 28 28 V Appendix Respirator Approval and Acceptance Listings 30 Tables : ` ....... Table 1 Classification of Respiratory Hazards According to Their Biological EflfecIT... .:^......... 10 Table 2 Classification of Respiratory Hazards According to Their Properties which Influence Respirator Selection............ ;......................... ........................................ ............................... 12 Table 3 Classification and Description of Respirators by Mode of Operation......................... 14-15 Table 4 Capabilities and Limitations of Respirators................................................ 16-17 Table 5 Color Code for Gas Mask Canisters...................................................................................... 18 Table 6 Guide for Selection of Respirators .......................................................... 19 1 '1 4 i - C 003326 LAM022987 4 i American National Standard Practices for Respiratory Protection VYfShrv:' .. ' 1. Introduction This standard sets forth accepted practices for respirator users. It provides informstionand guidance on the proper selection, use, and care of respirators and sets forth recommended re quirements suitable for adoption into regula tions governing their use. 1.1 Scope. The scope of this standard includes safe practices and requirements for using res pirators for protection of the respiratory system from inhalation of particulate matter, noxious gases and vapors, and oxygen deficiency. Ex cluded are 1) underwater protection^ 2) highaltitude aircraft oxygen systems, and 3) pro tection against military munitions. Although the standard does not cover engineered protective measures (for example, ventilation), exposure control shall be accomplished as far as is fea sible by accepted engineering methods before considering or instituting use of respirators. 1.2 Purpose. The standard is intended to pro vide guidance that will assist respirator users in safeguarding health and life through proper selection and use of respirators. Use of respira tors implies that the wearer needs protection from an atmosphere that might threaten his life or health. Therefore, it is imperative that the level of protection needed be determined and provided in both normal and emergency , condi tions of use, particularly if exposure to the at mosphere could be immediately dangerous to life or health. Use of respirators in atmospheres that are dangeroUfAelife or health is discussed in 6.3. . - .............................. 1.3 uShall!l and"Should". The provisions of this standard are mandatory in nature where the word "shall" is used and advisory in nature where the word "should" is used. . 1.4 Exceptions. Exceptions to the requirements in Section 3, Recommended Requirements for Codes, may be granted by competent authority, provided that an equally acceptable mode and degree of protection is afforded. 2. Definitions - - abrasive-blasting respiratoir. See respirator. aerodynamic diameter. The diameter of a unit density sphere having the same settling velocity as the particle in question of whatever shape and density; - , air-line...resfpir. a.t.o..r.....Siere, respirator. . air-purifying respirator. SeojpespiratWr^ss- air-regulating valve. An at^ustable Valve used" to regulate airflow to the facepiece, helmet, op, hood of an air-line respirator. air-supply device. A hand-ior motor-operated blower for the hose mask, or a compressor other source of respirable air for air-line abrasive-blasting respirators! approved. Tested and listed as satisfactory an authority having jurisdiction^ strcfr iif U. Department of the Interior.. Bureau of ldinl^, breathing tube.' A tube through which' air or^... oxygen flows to the facepieccf helnieti ^hoo#*^ canister (air-purifying^ A'i^^aiiwi^la^ji^dfe ^ sorbents' and catalyst^J * ' vapors' from Air drawn, throUgl " ' ` canister may also contain-an al Tate) filter to remove solid or liquid particles; - - canister (oxygen-generating^ A container chemical reactiomt'ri^ii..^^.;. ... r cartridge. A small container filled with air-puri fying media.'- -...HHH-utm*;-- T- catalyst. In respirafor~usef- a "substance which-' converts a toxic gas~(or vaporl^to a lesa-taxie: v, . gas (or vapor).-"'V " " ' ' chemical-cartridge, respirator. See respirator. contaminant. A harmful, irritating, or-nuisance--material that is foreign, to the normal atmo-.. sphere.____ ___ __ . corrective lens. A lens ground to the wearer's individual corrective prescription. detachable coupling. A device by means of which the respirator wearer, without using hand- 7 C 003327 -.* -iv I -a 4 j 4 i LAM022988 288.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES tools, may detach tile air-supply line from that part of tiie respirator- worn on the person or from theair-sur disinfection. Thd-ffi&truction' and removal of* pathogenic organisms;' especially by- means of chemical substances. ' dust. See Table 2. s-'~ ' exhalation valve. A device that allows exhaled air to leave a respirator and prevents outside air from entering through the valve. / ft eyepiece. A gastight, transparent window (s) in a full facepiece through which the wearermay OOVAVAa facepiece. That portion of a respirator that covers the wearer's nose and mouth in a halfmask facepiece or nose, mouth, and eyes in a full facepiece. It is designed to make a gas-tight or dust-tight fit with the face and includes the headbands, exhalation valve(s), and connec tions for air-purifying device or respirable-gas source or both. filter respirator. See respirator. filter. A fibrous media (canned or uncanned) used in respirators to remove solid or liquid particles from the airstream entering the res pirator enclosure. rr' fog. See Table 2. : ,j : ~ full facepiece. See facepiece. " fume. See Table 2. . .., gas. An aeriform fluid which is in the gas&Jus. state at ordinary temperature and pressures gas mask. See respirator. ; half-mask facepiece. See facepiece.. '!~'- head harness, a device, for holdings the facepiece securely in place on the wearers-head.,, helmet. A device that shields- the- eyes, face, hood. A devibe'^^bmpfetrfy covers the head, neck, and tx>iffflawhl the shoulder#-, hose mask. Se r_ cr*-?-5-'' immediately dangerous to life or health. Ih- cluded are conditions that pose an immediate. threat to life or health and condituuis that pose an immediate threat of severe exposure to con taminants such as radioactive, materials .which are likely to have adverse delayed effects on health. %. inhalation valve. A device that allows respirable air to enter the facepiece and prevents exhaled air opening. ' irrespirable. Unfit for breathing. _ mist. SeeTable.2. ? -; MFC. Maximum permissible concentration.; These concentrations are set by the National Committee on Radiation Protection. They are recommended maximum average concentrations of radionuclides to which aworker may be ex posed, assuming that he works 8 hours a day, 5 days a week, and 50 weeks* yw&i? --i particulate mattei*. A guspeiiSfehdf fine solid or liquid particles in air, such as dust, fogt fume, mist, smoke, or spray#, Partiddafermatter sus* pended in air is < - - - -- ----- pneumoc when inhaled, lungs, may produce in& of pulmonary.diseasgl. ^ resistance^ Gppositioni.to thtf through a.caniater, or orificfe-r. respirable. Fit to be breathed, respirator*; ^device wearer frominhalation of harmfula See Section 5, Clamplfi^tio>,, Limitationsof Respiratfes&'f.:?:.. self-contained breathing i ptrator& cc i. sorbent. A andvapor^i^m-i '............ . " *-***** ' spray. See Table 2.supplied-air respirator.! supplied-air suit. A on^ or ta^ie^ sjiib that isimr.. - r- - 'V^'contaminants and is provu supply of respirable air. TLV^ Threshold: f-m &M- values and accmn] lished annually by Governmental IndustrialHy( toxic di^'Tiusti;-tiiafetras&l through --.--------- ------- ------------------ valve (air or oxygeft).A devicewfiich controls the direction of air or oxygen flow or tl rate and pressureatwhich or'^^nls tfi&Verecfc or both... -,y~~ ' K C 00332$ LAM022989 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Z88J2 vapor. The gaseous state of a substance that is solid; or liquid at ordinary , temperature and pressure. ' -- window jhdlcatorszb'colorimetric indicator for gas maskcanisteri which denotes the service life for a particular gas. 3. Recommended Requirements for Codes 3.1 Purposed This section includes recoin-: mended requirements for authorities consider-; ing establishment of respirator regulations or codes. The following recommended requirements are supplemented by recommended practices in subsequent-sections of this standard. 3.2 Permissible Practice. In the control of those occupational diseases caused by breath ing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors, the primary objective shall be to prevent atmo spheric contamination: This shall.! be accom plished as far as feasible by accepted engineer ing control measures (for example, enclosure or confinement of the operation, general and local, ventilation, and substitution of less toxic mate rials). When effective engineering controls are not feasible, or whilethey are being instituted, appropriate respirators shall be used pursuant to _ the following requirements. I 3.3 Employer Responsibility 3.3.1 Respirators shall be provided by, the employer when such equipment is necessary to protect the health of the employee.? 35.2 The employer shall provide the respira tors which are applicable and suitable for the purpose intended. . - ; 3.3.3 The employer shall be responsible for the establishment arid maintenance of a respiratory protective prograin^which shall include the gen eral requirementeoutlihed in 3.5? 3.4 Employee Responsibility 3.4.1 The employee shall use the provided res piratory protection in accordance with instruc tions and training received. 3.4.2 The employee shall guard against dam age to the respirator. 3.4.3 The employee shall report any malfunc tion of the respirator to the responsible person. 3.5 Minimal Acceptable Program 3.5.1 Written standard operating procedures, _ governing the selection and use of respirators shall be established. 3.55 Respirators shall be selected on the basis. of hazards to which the worker is exposed. See' ,, Section 4, Classification of Respiratory.Hazards. - 355 The user shall be instructed and trained in the proper use of respirators and their limita-' tions. See 7.4 and 7.5. 35.4 Where practicable, the respirators should -be assigned to individual workers for their ex clusive use. 3J5.5 Respirators shall; be regularly cleaned and disinfected. Those issued for the^ejcclyaive use of one worker should be clfeahld&af day's use, or more often jf qece used by more than one worker sha|b^;thQi oughly cleaned and disinfected afters eael&u See 8.3/ ' - ~ ' H'1 rills"' " ' " -" -T r~ r-+ 3.5.6 Respirators shall .be stored'jp .air cor venient, clean, and sanitary locatioh-See-S-S. 3.5.7 Respirators used routinely ;shap|b$rj spected during cleaning. Wom or dsl^pratea^ parts shall be replaced. Respirator^Rii^eme^u^:-' gency use such as self-contained deviceg shglW* be thoroughly inspected at'leii^jpuce a inont^r and after each use. See 8.2. ? ~ _- 35A Appropriate suiveniahcp^wor| ari^> conditions and degree of employe* expesureot stress shall be maintained, f - - - - ' 355 There shall be regular. Inspection and^T. evaluation-:tojjdeteminqiltfel^^iiSi^S ,,effee?. tiveness otthe ping^ramifS^Si^on;8iy^inte-,, nance and Care of Respirators, and Section 10, Evaluation of Respirator Program-Effectiveness. . 3.6 Program Administration:-The plant orcompany industrial hygien^l,he^(th|; physics, . safety engineering, or fire department ajhaU ad-w . minister the program: incloseliais<myith th*} plant medical department. Responsibility for ~ the program shall be vestedin one individual. In small plants having no formal industrial hy- : giene, health physics, safety, fire/ orniedical department,, the respirator program shall be administered by an upper-level superintendent; foreman,, or other qualified individual responsible to the principal manager. The administra- ? tor shall have sufficient knowledge of the subject to properly supervise the program. ; 9 C 003329 LAM022990 ZB8.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES mj Table 1 Classification of Respiratory Hazards According to Their Biological Effect ma e i l-2 <s glH; .M2 34fi3t e =*< ." .f2 -US< JXo I* o ,~2 & | E 6 . g s ~ T 6 ~ a B's-s s| Itlllj S&e?-s! Mf 1s 1 i*i sgs-si-ls! imiigC`3o 1 m Onat gc-aS sp55 fa ,S a *2 2 & siiij-*.! jjo2-i gc ! '5 3 | J jsK3 S3 j ifif & a P. I! ifljjs "Ill's '8'3:5 o_ sMiil!g g-S -a a o I S'a.P tti4: |l |.-:s S il *o is|8l4 fflil 1^1 ill's' >S B "'3 M < t StnSi2 a 1XSjs-iCa 6g91#'8&^ |1| ill H3fc: r * fj-5 * 1 2 Jtj a T"3 S.S '! |1}1 o '* oi#*a* * S---- JqSjtaPavT-3vU-?v*^. ' ' =At- f-t. ^5 a ff lllli 1*4^ !5 a i |lf if MlSi~o4 8O e 10 C 003330 LAM022991 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION . Z8&2 3.7 Medical Limitations. Persons should not be assigned to tasks requiring use of respirators unless it has been^tfetermined that they are physically able tc^p^rform the work and use the equipment 'n^J^cal physician shall deter mine what health and physical conditions are" pertinent The respirator user's medical status should be reviewed periodically (for instance^ annually). 33 Approval. Approved or accepted respirators shall be used when they are available (see Sec-tion 6, Selection of Respirators). The respirator furnished shall provide adequate respiratory protection against the particular hazard for which it is designed in accordance with stan~ dards established by competent authorities. The' U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, and the U. S. Department ofAgriculture are recognized as such authorities. (See Ap pendix, Respirator Approval and Acceptance Listings.) Although respirators listed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture continue to be ac ceptable for protection against specified pesti cides, the U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, is the agency now responsible for testing and approving pesticide respirators. 4. Classification of Respiratory Hazards 4.1 Introduction. The purpose of this section is to list and briefly describe various categories of respiratory hazards that might be encountered and which may require use of respirators. The information provides a general background for relating the guidance in subsequent sections to the type of hazard encountered. Management, however, will find it necessary to consult refer ences on industrial hygiene and toxicology, and perhaps expert individuals to develop the nec essary comprehensive information on specific airborne contaminants. Respiratory hazards^ for the purpose of this standard, are classified follows: (1) oxygen deficiency . (2) gas and vapor contaminants (a) immediately dangerous to life or health (b) not immediately dangerous to life or health (3) particulate contaminants (dust, fog, fume, mist, smoke, and spray) (a) immediately dangerous to life or health (b) not immediately dangerous to life or health (4)combination of gas, vapor, and particu late contaminants ,i / (a) immediately dangerous to life or health - ' (b) not immediately dangerous to life- or | -r health K Respirators may afford some protection against high temperature atmospheres. See 9.4. = Further information oh the hazards of and use. ' of respirators in high temperatures is presented in a National Fire Protection Association pub lication, Breathing: Apparatus for The Fire Service, published in 1966.. > - ; 7 4.2 Classification and Description of Respira tory Hazards. The basic respiratory, hazards listed in 4.1 are classified in Table 1 according to expected biological effects of the' contami nants. Many respirators, particulariy air-puri- ; : fying respirators, ate designed surd Selected oni; the basis of chemical and physical properties of i the air contaminants. Therefore, jad, -vapoif" and particulate contaminants are alto present in Table 2 according to their physical and chemical properties. -^ : - Particle size distribution and solubility arep: important parameters for particulate contami nants. Particles smaller than 5 microns in aero-,- dynamic diameter more readily reach the lungs v and are more readily dissolved and absorbed into the bloodstream or deposited on lung tissue. The solubility of the material usually deter mines whether the resulting toxic effect, .if any,., is in the lungs or other organs. Particli larger than 5 microns aerodynamic diameter are gen ^. . erally trapped in the upper respirator trafc^ t^ cleared, and swallowed with possible subsequent absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, de pending on their solubility. 5. Classification, Description,'andLimitations of Respirators ~ 5.1 Introduction. The purpose of this section"'" is to provide a descriptions of the:various types^T: of respirators, theirliitotation^.aiidcapabilitiee^''- .; as a background for subsequent'sections which ' discuss their selection, use, and maintenance. Respirators fall into the1 following general.classifications, according to mode of operation: (1) atmosphere-supplying: respirators^ ~ (a) self-contained (b) hose-mask (c) air-line (d) combination self-contained and hosemask or air-line 11 LAM022992 C 003331 > -j -j i Z88.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES (2) air-purifying respirators (a) gas and vapor (gas mask and chemical cartridge) y 5 (b) particulat^^dust, fog, fume, mist, smoke, aikfiprays) (c) combination gas, vapor, and particulate (3) combination atmosphere-supplying and air-purifying respirators 5.2 Classification, Description and Limita tions of Respirators. This information is pre sented in two tables. Table 3 covers the classi fication and description of respirators according to the general classifications in 5.1. Table 4 covers capabilities and limitations of respirators arranged to correspond to the subject headings in Table 3. More detailed information on specific types of respirators can be obtained from respirator manufacturers and from the Respiratory Protec tive. Devices Manual published by the American Industrial Hygiene Association and the Ameri can Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists in 1963. The canister color code table from American National Standard Identification of Gas Mask Canisters, K13.1-1967, is provided in Table 5. The code indicates the colors assigned to canis ters to identify the types of atmospheric con taminants against which they will protect. _ 5.3 Respirable Air and Oxygen for Self-Con tained Breathing Apparatus and Hose-Type Respirators. Compressed air, compressed oxy gen, liquid air, and liquid oxygen used for res- - - - ` 'i-"I Table 2 Classification of Respiratory Hazards According to Their Properties^ which Influence Respirator Selection ,, - : fk Cos and Vapor Contaminants Inert: They do not react with other substances under most conditions and create a respiratory hazard by displacing air and producing oxygen, deficiency (for example, helium, neon, argon). Acidic: Substances that are acids or that-react with water to produce an acid. In water they produce posi tively charged hydrogen ions. They taste sour and many are corrosive to tissues (for example,- hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, fluorine, nitrogen dioxide, acetic acid, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide; and hydrogen cyanide). -' . - Alkaline: Substances that are alkalies or that react with water to produce an alkali. When in water solu tions, they result in the production of negatively charged hydroxyl ions (OH~). They taste bitter, and many are corrosive to tissues (for example,, ammonia, amines, phosphine, arsine, and stibine).' Organic: These are the compounds of carbon. Examples are saturated hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, butane), unsaturated hydrocarbon* (ethylene, acetylene), alco hols (methyl alcohgfptprqpyl alcohol), ethers (methyl ether, ethyl etherjrafclenydes (formaldehyde),.ketones (dimethyl ketoheK^aC^ittitr acids (formic acid, acetic acid), halides (chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), amides (formamide, acetamide), nitriles (acetonitrile), isocyanates (toluene diisocyanate), amines (methylamine), epoxies (epoxyethane, propylene oxide), and aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylene). Organometailic: Compounds in which metals are chemi cally bonded to organic groups (for example, ethyl silicate, tetraethyl lead, and organic phosphates). Hydrides: Compounds in which hydrogen is chemically bonded to metals and certain other elements (for example, diborane and lithium hydride). Particulate Contaminants Particles are produced by mechanical mean* by' thr disintegration processes of grinding, crushing, driltinj blasting, and spraying; or by the physiochenticat Red actions such as combustion,, vaporization, distiHatiuq^^ . sublimation, calcination^, aad^condensation.,.Particles^ . are classified as follows: '***,. Dust: A solid mechanically produced parti<^Wth aij^^, '" varying from submicroacopip to visible or macroscopic... .- Spray: A liquid sizes generally ut 1 Fume: A solid condensation particle ofeitmatb i particle size, generally less than one micron: in diam~ eter? ~-.'r * 1 Mijt; A liquid condensation pgrtide with sizes ranging " from submteroscopic to visible or macroscopic., -wl Fogs A mist of sufficient- concentrate to: perceptibly. ' -obscure vision. - '~i. ~P Smoke: A system which includes the products of income plete combustion of organic, substances.in the form ofr--.solid arid liquid-particles' and.gaseous products in. air^~ Smoke is usually of su(flrient<Mnccrrtration-to percept -- tiWy obscure vision. - ~ 12 C 003332 LAM022993 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION c- Z8&2 piration shall be of high purity. Oxygen shall 6.2 General Considerations. Hie multiplicity meet the requirements, of the United States of hazards that may exist in a given operation Pharmacopoeia for.medical or breathing oxygen. requires careful and intelligent respirator selec- " Breathing air shallaneet at least the require tion. This selection is made even more complex ments of the specification for Grade D breathing- - by the many types of respirators available. Each air as described in Compressed Gas Association type has its limitations, areas of application, and Commodity Specification G-7.1-1966. ' operational and maintenance requirements. Compressed oxygen shall not be used in sup- The selection of a proper respirator for any plied-air respirators or. in open-circuit selfr. given situation requires consideration of the contained breathing apparatus that, have pre following factors: 1) nature of the hazard (see > viously used compressed air. Compressed air; v . might contain low concentrations of oil. When .. high-pressure oxygen passes through anoib or,,,, grease-coated orifice, an explosion or fire .may occur. Breathing air may be supplied to respirators from cylinders or air compressors; Cylinders^! Section 4); 2) extent of the hazard; 3) work re quirements and conditions; and 4) characteris tics and limitations of available respirators (see-r, v: Section 5). Table 6 is a quick reference guide for the selection of respiratory protection appropriate to the type anddegreeWhazard^Xhe Table, shall be tested and maintained in accordances with applicable Department of Transportation provides minimalguidance; however^anclshalf be used along with other information, such as^%' or Interstate Commerce Commission Specifics-! tions for shipping containers. Compressors shall be constructed and situated so as to avoid entry of contaminated air into the system and suitable in-line air purifying sorbent beds and filters installed to further assure breathing air quality. that given in. this standard andk in-directions provided by respirator When there is doubt about^ of oxygen or hazardous material present in atmosphere,! only those respiratora- listed suitable for respiratory prOtectiOrCi^iiinstib: A receiver of sufficient capacity to enable the respirator wearer to escape from a contaminated gen deficiency shall be used. Any erring ,in th# selection of respirators shall be atmosphere in event of compressor failure, and alarms to indicate compressor failure and over heating shall be installed in the system, (see 6.3.2). Air-line couplings shall be incompatible, 6.3 Nature of the Ha^^;T^I<ffie&ca^aiib^ physical properties, toxicity, and concentratfbb ^ of the hazardous materia) shallbe:considered irrr'_. with outlets for other gas systems to prevent respirator selection inadvertent servicing of air-line respirators with tions and nonrespirable gases or oxygen. _ ...!*-%;i:; Breathing-gas containers shall be marked in accordance with American National Standard Method of Marking Portable Compressed Gas Containers to Identify the Material Contained,- Z48.1-1954; Federal Specification BB-A-1034a, June 21, 1968, Air, Compressed for Breathing. Purposes; or Interim Federal SpecificationGG-- B-00675b, April 23^1965, Breathing Apparatus, : Self-Contained^Jjijilieej details on sourcee of compressed air ad^pt aafe userwill be found in Compressed Gas^^^aatToh'; Pamphlet G-7* 1968. _ ;. '' (L3.1 Oxygett-DeAeiert^At, respirators that provide anindependent, respira* ble atmosphere shall be used iire^ygemdeficient. atmospheres. Normally, a self-contained breath- ' ing apparatus hose mask witlrblpwnr; or air line respirator with auxiliary self-contained air-: supply is used for this purpose Aji-line tesphraK- - tors without auxiliary air`supplyshatt;be used-;^;- only with the precautions ou , Aiv attendant shattr beF i entrance to' theoxygeft-di all times- witfe proper- 53S5UK a -1 ..i cue equipment in 6. Selection of Respirators- - - for use of respirators in ox atm tu .. 6.1 Approved or Accepted Respirators. When flphSNM^W'ffOP'- ever possible, approved or accepted respirators _ 6JUS shall be used. Respirator approval and accept If it is probable that atmospheresimmediately~ ance tests and listings and selection of other dangerous to life or health may: occur, then than approved or accepted respirators are dis both the normally expected inward leakage (see;. cussed in the Appendix. 6.3.3) and the reliability of the respirator shall 13 c 003333 LAM022994 Z88.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES C 003334 LAIVI022995 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION e II o 15 C 003335 LAM022996 Z88.2 iallll 8.-g 2 Air-Purifying Respirators siillllji! liil^Ssi o. o I^ii*2S.-.s'SJ152*|8l lii 1Wills `3 <0 III ?3Si| nifl eg . fl -5t? |8SS.9 8l 8g-|s3j s'-- aSo.g.3 o Uiiiliiu llliijii 8a'S fsj|| 11^151*8 si 2 5f-- l-2*-SJJ SS'sil-Slai AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES is ISIIs1 a~ E5 "s2*s iijms|m||: i:sg ;r Table 4 Capabilities and Lim itations of Respirators Atmosphere-Supplying Respirators i f 16 C 003333 i\ LAM022997 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION t 1 I Z88.2 I -i o is a* ' ";-= -* 4 17 1 c 003337 j LAM022998 288.2. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES be given full consideration. In oxygen-deficient atmospheres wi^ no, tos;ic materialsf inward leakage is nonnei^noi a problem unless the leakage exceed^ia^few percent. It is essential that, in highlyJ^c a,tmospheres, inward leak age, if any, be minute. See 6.3.2.1 and 7.3 for use of respirators in immediately dangerous at mospheres. 612.1 Respirators Recommended lor Im mediately Dangerous Atmospheres. The U. S. Bureau of Mines and responsible industrial hy giene and safety organizations recommend the following respirators, listed in decreasing^ order with regard to the protection they offer the wearer, for use in atmospheres immediately dan gerous to life or health. These atmospheres in clude those which are oxygen deficient or where high concentrations of gases or vapors exist:, (1) pressure-demand open-circuit or pres sure-type closed-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (2) combination pressure-demand air-line res- " (3) combination constant-flow air-line res pirator with auxiliary self-contained air supply ........ . Table5 Color Code for Gas-Mask Canisters (ANSI K13.1-1967) 'T-arala-- Atmospheric Contaminants to be Protected Against ; ii--pw* *** Colors Assigned*' ' Acid gases Whiter Hydrocyanic add gas White wfth ^4-inch^ green stripe ^ around the <*niter near the bottom Chlorine gas Organic vapors White with V^-inch ydfwo stripe coi around the canister hear the bottom^1, 1.. Blacks Ammonia gas Acid gasn and ammonia gas Green with IfineS uAite stripe comj around the canister near the bot! a* ,' Carbon monoxide Acid gases and organic vapors Hydrocyanic add gas and chloropicrin vapor i Blue, Yefldir nsrf Ydlow with %-inch blue stripe completely^ around the canister near the - . -. Acid gases, organic vsporsj ' T ' Brown and ammonia gssss^^&fdsa,'.?^'--'> r*<cL> ar-h# Radioactive.materials, excepti, noble gasea.; ater^dusts, fumes?- 7}: mists*fogs,or smokes(ih-~V.z. combination with any of the f, above gases or vapors _ * All of the above al contaminants - Purple (Magenta! ^.s, tfSiha Canister color (orcontaminantf abovej with ^rinch gnj^- atrip*^ around the canuter near thetop Red with= V4*ch gray* stripe "T-T around the canister near . "`r Esifesii3p?> ^r- Cray shall not he assigned as the main color for a canister designedto eam^ addamyamhc.fr NO IT: Orange shall he used as a complete body, or stripe color to represent cases not Included, in this tahle. The user wifi need to refer to the canister label to determine the decree ofprotection^' - ' - the nnister will afford. .. ^v'*- - ' - 18 a od$$S8 LAM022999 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION 289.2 (4) demand-flow open-circuit or closed-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (where there may be a negstfim pressure in the breathing; system at any time) fe (SJ combmatk^r^demand-flow. air-line res-; pirator with auxiliary self-contained air supply (6) hose mask with blower When self-contained breathing apparatus or hose masks with blowers are used in' atmo spheres immediately dangerous to life or health, standby men must be present with suitable res cue equipment. .... : Other Respirators Which May Be XJsedjinder Certain Conditions in Atmospheres Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health. Air line'respirators are not approved or recom mended for use in immediately dangerous at- j mospheres because no respiratory protection is provided if the air supply fails. However, if routine protection' or operational"designs pre-' elude use of the recommended types of respira tors which workers should wear, the following air-line respirators may be considered, provided an adequate flow of respirable air, is maintained. These are listed in decreasing,order with regard to the protection they provide for the wearer. (1) pressure-demand air-line respirator, with full facepiece 'r- -''y (2) continuous-flow air-line respirator with full facepiece, helmet, hood,-or suit (3) demand-flow pir-linq respirator with full facepiece 5 - (4) pressure-demand air-line respirator with half-mask facepiece (only for, atmospheres that do not cause eyeirritation oninjury^ r,, (5) continuous-flow air-line' respirator' with half-mask facepiece^ (only for afmc^phferes that do not cause eye irritation or injury#*^ ?- -ft. * . -.-? > Table. 6 Guide for Selection of Respirators. - . r , ' Hazard Respirator (See Note 1.) - - -- >*; Oxygen Deficiency Self-contained breathing apparatus. ' Hose mask with blower. -m," . Combination air-line respirator with auxiliary self-contained, air suppt^oyufcgi^-stopge;.^ . receiver with alarm. Ut**s*r*'**~ Gee and Vapor Contaminants Immediately dangerous to life or health. (See Note 2.) : Self-contained breathing applrattMfc* j Hose mask with blower. - 1 - is. " Air-purifying, full facepiece respirator with chemical canister (gamask)5ff^ Setf-rescue mouthpiece respirator (for escape only). , ; , Combination air-line respirator withauxiliary self-confairfedair suppiybr mr air-storage- receiver with alarm.. --* -- ---:y~"5irj Not immediately dangerous to Ah-liheT^lrt*drfe"~^?; life or health. Hose mask without blowerfe ft Air-purifying, half-mask or mouthpiece respirator with chemical cartridge^"^. Particulate Contaminants Immediately;.dangerous to life or health. (See Note 2.) Self-contained breathing apparatus. Hose' ih'ask with blower. ... _ - i4Fx*4s&>.. - '32*?. Air-purifying, full facepiece respirator with appropriate . Self-rescue mouthpiece respirator (for escape only): Combination air-line respirator with auxiliary se|(-<^ntaf^^%lgypl^i^#iii:efejjtprager receiver with alarm.' '* * Not immediately dangerous to life or health., Air-purifying, half-mask or mouthpiece respirator with filter pad or. cartridge.. -- .;: 'Air-line respirator. rf. "Air-line abrasive-blasting respirator. - r Hose mask without blower-. . Combination gas,' ve|W< and particulate contaminants Z Immediately.' dangerous ~to life or health. (See Note 2.); 'Self-contained breathing apparatus. - -------- ------ 'Hose mask with blower. Air-purifying, full facepiece respirator with chemical canister and; appropriate filter (gas mask with filter). - Self-rescue mouthpiece respirator (for escape only). ,y. Combination air-line respirator with auxiliary self-cpntaine^air suppjylqrwtAir-siorage receiver with alarm. - '--roy. "'ey Not immediately dangerous to life or health. Air-line respirator. ^ Hose mask without blower. - - - .. --.-il--.. . Air-purifying, half-mask or mouthpiece respirator with chemical cartridge-and appro priate filter. ,'V"'. NOTE 1: For details on descriptions, capabilities, and limitations of respirators, refer to Tables 3 ancT A y NOTE 2: For details on use of respirators in hazardous atmospheres, see 6.3.2 and 7.3. 19 C 003339 LAM023000 Z88.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES (6) demand-flow air-line respirator with half mask facepiece (only for atmospheres that do; not cause eye irritation or injury) Pressure-demafiffebr continuous-flow air-line respirators with fuiffaeepiece provide the wearer with a degree of respiratory protection equal txr that afforded by a positive pressure self-con tained breathing apparatus as long as an ade quate flow of respirable air is maintained. Also* a demand-flow air-line respirator with full facepiece would be equivalent to a demand-flow open-circuit or closed-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus as long as an-adequate* supply of respirable air is maintained. Persons using air-line respirator* in atmo spheres immediately hazardous to life or health shall be equipped with safety harnesses andsafety lines for lifting or removing persons from hazardous atmospheres or other and equivalent provisions for the rescue of persons from haz ardous atmospheres shall be used. A standby man or men with suitable self-contained breath ing apparatus shall be at the nearest fresh air base for emergency rescue. Before a person is permitted to wear an air line respirator in a hazardous atmosphere' an industrial hygiene, health physics, or safety en gineering department representative or a qual ified industrial hygienist, health physicist, or safety engineer shall be responsible for com pliance with the following: (1) Air-line hose from a compressor or cylin der air supply shall be protected from damage,, including cutting, kinking, crushing-or burning.In some cases an armored hose shall be used. Hose couplings shall be protected against dis connection. Trailing air-line hose shall be ar ranged to minimize tripping and to permit ready escape. (2) The cylinder containing the air supply for an air-line respirator shall be tested for oxy gen concentrafMHgftd carbon monoxide content and shall lie reiqarable. All air shall meet, the minimum specification for Type I,. Grade D gaseous air of the Compressed Gas Association Commodity Specification for Air, G-7.1-1966, The air supply in the cylinder shall be adequate for completion of the work and escape. Oxygen must never be used with air-line respirators. (3) The compressor for supplying air shall he equipped with necessary safety and standby devices. A breathing air-type compressor shall he used. An air-storage receiver shall also be provided to furnish the wearer with an adequate- supply of escape air if the compressor fads to- operate. A compressor shutoff alarm and nec essary aerosol and vapor and gas filters shall also be incorporated into the system. . If an oil-lubricated compressor is used, it shall have a high-temperature or carbon monox- ide alarm, or both. If only a high-temperature alarm is used, the air from the compressor shall be frequently tested for carbon monoxide to in- sure that it meets thespecifications in 6.3.2.2 (2). > (4) The wearer shall be property trained in the use of the air-line respirator and shall be well-informed of the hazard. A standard operat ing procedure shall be prepared for each situa tion for which air-line tospirat6ri!fto eihptoyed'' ' in atmospheres immediately hazardous to lifn*or health, and air-line respirator users shall be; thoroughly familiar witit this proceduref?:!' 7 (5) Continuous-flov? air-linerespirafdrs are. *' designed for maximum comfort witha minimunpv: airflow that will adequately protect the wear*. in a non-hazardous atmospherei Howeverj.th^ r are capable of providing- adequate!: airfloic; to - - protect the wearer in a hazardous atmosphere. This adequate airflowj obtained when.tt^airf flow control valve is ; The recommended minimum airflows for use : ~ of air-line respirators in hazardmia atoaospheresr are five cubic feet: per-minutet<-tight fitting ;. -'' facepieces and seven: cubic feefc per nunut&itp- r . loose; fitting hoodaor supplied-air suits shallYollow the mariufactihrer'ff-^" " instructions concerning^minimumlliiflo^l^_1; For further information on furnishing com- -- ? pressed air to air-line respiratQrs,refer to Com- pressed Gas AssociafionPamphlet G-7-1968,See , 7.3 concerning safe/prqceduieasduring use of ,, respirators in atmospheres immediately danger ous to life or health, , , ,... ...... -A i 622 Not Immedfaterp DanpeypussAtnut. / : spheres. If immediately dangerous atmospheres', are not present or will not occur,- then the con sequences of respiratoryfailure are lessenetfcand emphasis can be placed' on other factors-such as long term protection; convenience, cost, com fort, and wearer acceptance;'. These factors should be. weighed one against another since they are not always compatible. However, long term protection should be given priority over all other factors. v *1 I i20 LAIVI023001 -7 C 003340 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION - .v. zm Long term protection is determined primarily nonexistent. For Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5,inward o by the amount of inward leakage of atmospheric contaminants dudngr normal usage of the res leakage will normally be minute. In 'Group'd, inward leakage with a good facepiece-to-face pirator. The vjuaoua ,types of respirators are seal and with ideal wearing conditions may be grouped bekW|fiCQniing to the increasing as low as 0.1 percent. In practice, however, this amount of inwamr leakage one might expect low level leakage is usually not attained due during their routine use. n to poor facepiece-to-face fit and adverse wearing Group 1 conditions such as face movements and beard Supplied-air suit ; ^ - growth. For Group 7, inward leakage with good Pressure-demand full facepiece open-circuit and facepiece-to-face fit and ideal wearing condi air-line devices tions may be as low as 1 percent. This leakage Pressure-type full facepiece closed-circuit self- level, however, is seldom attained* for reasons contained breathing apparatus--' similar to those cited for devices in Group 6. It Continuous-flow full facepiece air-line respirator is, therefore, important (particularly for devices Air-line respirator with loose-fitting hood gath in Groups 6 and 7) that due consideration be ered around the waist ' given to potential inward leakage in selecting Hose-mask with blower and full facepiece mask devices ' ......................... Group 2 r' Experience has demi *that not all Demand-type full facepiece open-cirCuit selfcontained breathing apparatus Demand-type full facepiece air-line respirator Pressure-demand half-mask air-line respirator Group 3 Continuous-flow half-mask air-line respirator Demand-type half-mask air-line respirator Air-line respirator with loose-fitting hood gath ered around the neck Group 4 Air-purifying respirator with blower and with full facepiece or hood gathered around the waist Group 5 Air-purifying respirator with blower, and with half-mask facepiece or hood gathered around the neck Group 6 persons'can obtain a satisfaetory fdcepiece-td- face seal with a single full facepiece 01 half-mask ; air-purifying respiratof. TherefOre^to" provide an adequate facepiece-to-facC:seaf'ofr' a variety of facial features, it may be necessary that |p/ or more models of full facepiece or half-mask respirators be available. When an individual ran be fitted with two or more respiratof; he should be permitted to select the most comfortable device^ See 7.5 for a discussion of fice fit and procedures. - 6.3.4 Monitoring of Air Contanurian'ta.-Evaf- uation of contaminant concentration to which a person wearing a respirator may be exposed . is an integral part of an effective respirator pro-r gram. Air sampling dais aro' important in thag.. selection of the proper .respirator ;and'should ^ include: 1) identification of the contaminant; 2) natureof the hazard; and 3) concentration at Hose mask without blower the breathing zone. The datp are also helpful in Air-purifying full facepiece respirator without estimating the possible levels of exposure that blower may have occurred during use of respirators. : Group 7 In an air monitoring progrant'-`sampling Air-puifying half-mask respirator without should be carried out over at least one cycle of blower --- operation and, preferably^ - over several cycles, Mouthpiece respirator when production - activity? vanes^Norinallyr The negative pressure produced in the face- samples' should be collected' at the? worker's piece of many respirators (some in Groups 2 breathing zone; However, where necessary, gen and 3 and all in Groups 6 and 7) during inhala eral air samples should be collected in the tion will cause inward leakage of ambient air if vicinity of the operation. The sampling period leaks exist. The amount of inward leakage ex will be determined by-the sensitivity of the pected for various types of respirators is vaguely analytical method and the acceptable contami understood and is related to the facepiece-to- nant concentration. face seal and leakage of various components in It is important that representative samples cluding air-purifying units. For Group 1, in be obtained. The number of samples to be ward leakage will normally be infinitesimal or taken depends on the variation in contaminant 21 C 003341 LAW1023002 Z88.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES generation rate during the operation. Sampling , data should permit estimation of the worker's time weighted exp^pkt^e'^k cdntan^ahi; concentration shouldtalso be estimated to, as sure thatf the/ selected will provide adequate protection against high transient air concentrations. ' Breathing zone sampling is important since; significant variations in concentrations are noted between general air and the worker's breathing zone. Use of personal, or lapel air samplers; is encouraged since they have been shown to more closely identify the true exposure, ;. Although it is recognized that in emergency situations air sampling cannot be carried out as outlined above, every reasonable effort shall be made to evaluate conditions of exposure and to provide appropriate respiratory protection. Where a high hazard potential exists, a conserv ative estimate should be made. 6.3.5 Unusual Hazards. Unusual factors can add new dimensions to a hazardous situation and should be anticipated in selecting respira tors. Some examples are provided here. 6.3.5.I Absorption through or Irritation of the Skin. Some airborne contaminants are ex tremely irritating to-the skin (for example, ammonia and hydrochloric acid) while others are . capable of being absorbed through the skin and , into the blood stream with serious,, possibly fatal, results. Hydrocyanic acid gas and many of . the organic phosphate pesticides, such as para- thion, malathion, and tetraethyl-pyrophosphate (TEPP), will penetrate the unbroken_skin..A 'j facepiece or hood respirator will not afford com- 7 plete protection against these contaminants. If the concentration is high, or if exposure is pro longed, a full body-covering suit of impermeable 7 material shall be worn with respiratory protec tion. A facepiece may not be required if the suit is leakproof and adequately ventilated: 6.3J>.2 Radiafli}ga Skin and Whole Body. ^ The respirator^h^^not protect the1 skin or~..i whole body agaiiiiadjation from airborne con?, centrations of certaih radionuclides including noble gas radionuclides and other relatively bio logically inert gases. j 6.4 Extent and Location of Hazard. The ex tent of the hazard in space and time and its physical location shall be considered in respira tor selection. They include the length of time protection will be needed, entry and exit times, accessibility of a fresh air supply, and the ability ...to usei air .lines or move about freely while wear- ing the respirator. . ,, The location of the contaminated area in respect to a possible source of respirable air . 7 requires special consideration. In using a hose ` i mask, air-line respirator, or abrasive-blasting - respirator, the distance that the wearer can go intci a contaminated atmosphere is limited by the length of hose connect^ to to^ of respirable air. Furthermore, the presence of the hose requires that he enter and leave the area ', by the same route unless the device is equipped - with an auxiliary air cylihder, chemical canister or cartridge, or participate filter appropriate for use in withdrawal. While wearing a self-con tained breathing apparatus or a gas mask, a ' person may leave the;c<m - v. .exihbutWshduM'imke-cd^itt^t^'d^^siga,., '.'will; air,, taking into account possibre'd^^'hrids?^^1-'* 6.5 Work Requirements anti Gpnditions.. 9%^: 6.5.1 Work. mines theTerigth of;timeTor ^chipM^ator protection is needed*including .the,thiKueees3 sary to enter and ' self-contained breathing: appariitus^ gB^>m - tory . protection respirator,* and 'abfady^j^&^'res^haBpS?irii^a*r vide - only'.itth^atrnqspl^? tog; Therefore, for the hose mask with blower and air-line respita-- tors offer definite advantages.,. They, afro cause less discomfort than air?purifyjpg,respiratorarirL'V~ * Sonus the remaining service life. ^merty^'^w^mj|^ is available for all self-contained breathing ap* paratus land; som^;gaKlmask^Th:IB#^Be)ep;;.i pressure-gagei tim^udihl?i^phy^ or window indicator St t^^histafe3kuraF^: of each type of warning^devi^Most other gasif masks and chemicah<artrid^jrespiraton^havl. no indicator of remaining serviee life.-Canisters and cartridges should be-changed: according to the manufacturer's directionfeW - 4 6.5.2 Activity of Wearer. The work area to be covered, work* rate, and* mobility required of 22 C 003342 LAM023003 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Z88.2 the wearer in carrying out his work should be selection. The wearer's acceptance of a particu considered in respirator selection., Air-purifyingvjri^pirators present minimal in lar respirator depends on the lack of facepiece discomfort, interference with vision, weight of terference withijlp wearer'a movement; Sup- the device, breathing resistance, and individual plied-air respiratflttt.with trailing hoses severely physical condition and psychological factors. restrict the area' the wearer can cover and pre The ability to form a good facepiece-to-face seal sent a potential hazard where the trailing hose depends on respirator design and facial features, can come in contact with machinery. Self-con and is usually the most important factor in tained breathing apparatus present a size and obtaining proper protection with an air-puri weight penalty which may restrict climbing and fying respirator, particularly of the half-mask movement in tight places. . **v i - type. See 7.5 for a discussion of face-fit tests The wearer's work rate determines his res piratory minute volume, maximum inspiratory flow rate, and inhalation and exhalation breath and procedures. . . > :-w!" r'~~ ' ing resistance. The respiratory minute volume is of great significance in self-contained and air 7. Use of Respiratora-. ; line respirators operated from cylinders since it determines their operating life. Useful life under moderate work conditions may be one-third that under rest conditions. 7.1 Operating^ Procedures. Standard, ures shall be developed for respir prropc, ed tS. - should include all infonnation . idance--'^^- *. necessary for 'their'pragw'ieficildti&fritik am!4^^ Peak airflow rate is important in the use of care: Possible emergency^ constant-flow air-line equipment. The air-supply respirators should be anticipate^hnd plan rate should always be greater than the peak inspiratory flow rate to maintain the respiratory enclosure under positive pressure. High breathing resistance of air-purifying respirators under conditions of heavy work can result in distressed breathing. for. " - :;f. V 7.2 Issuance of Respirators. The .correct r' pirator shall be specified for'ea|hfipK|<]R^::i^K pirator type is usually s^ifi^^fiieswb^lia^^ cedures by a qualified individusd supeiwising the -.^^^^ ^^ respiratory pqtectiy#^gr^s||^^ individual 6.5.3 Vision. All facepieces will restrict, to some degree, the wearers vision. This may in issuing them shaH to insure that the correct respirafor is issued;; crease accident potentials Other problems in clude wearing of prescription glasses and fogging Each' respirator individual should be of the respirator lens (see 9.1,9.2, and 9.3>9* _ to whomitwas 6.5.4 Communication*. Effectivespeech com affect the' respirator. munication may be required in jobs for which the respirator is being selected. Section 9.5 pro vides information in this subject. 6.5.5 Temperature Extremes. The ability to cope with stress caused by temperature: ex tremes is especially important in emergency situations wherthgfly immediately available res pirators can bcjjjwlirSSe 9.3 arid 9.4 for further details on usajd^anaroirators in temperature ex tremes. r. x The date of issuance jty, , ' 72 Use in; Dangeroufi Atifiospfciw^ procedures shall be prepared Covering safe use of respiratory in might; be in emergencies. Personnel these procedures and the a' f-vofi'g-y irators. ... In areas, where the y respirator,* could. be,, oxygen-deficient atm ; 6.5.6 Eye Protection. Where required,, fullfacepiece respirator eyepieces and eye protection^ tional man shall be p (visual, voice,`or signal ops i^mm worn with half-mask facepieces shall meet the between both or afi pi pertinent requirements of American' National ningshallbersuchtbafon^: Standard Practice for Occupational and Educn unaffected by1 any like^inci^ tional Eye and Face Protection, Z87.1-1968. proper rescue equipment to be able to assist the other(s) in case of emergent* See 6.3il and 6.6 Employee Acceptance and Face Fit. These 6.3.2 for guidance onselection ofrespirators for 0 factors are of prime importance in respirator use m 23 LA1VI023004 C 003343 Z88.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES 7.4 Training and Education in Proper Use^- - .following the< manufacturer's< facepiece-fitting- For safe use of any respirator, it is essential that-: - instructions such as these two simple field tests:, the user be properiyh^ructediinits selection, use,' and - thabitanaiii^ : workers shall be* ac^mifaructedj: by competent persons/" Minimum training shall include the following: (1) Instructioh in the nature of the hazardj (1) Positive Pressure Test Close the exhala tion valve and exhale gently into the facepiece. ' The face fit is considered satisfactory if a slight , positive pressure can be built up inside the facepiece without any evidence of outward leakage of afr at the seal. For most respirator, this whether acute, chronic, or both, and an honest method of leak testing requires that the wearer appraisal of what may happen if the respirator ; first remove the exhalation valve cover and then. is not used. ; carefuHy replace it after the test, ^. (2) Explanation of why more positive con* . (2) Negative Pressure Test. Close off the- trol is not immediately feasible. This shall in 4 inlet opening of the canister orcartridge(s) by' clude recognition that every reasonable effort is . covering with the palm of the hand(s)-'or by being made to reduce or eliminate the need for ' : placing the seal(s), inhale gently 8Q.that the; ~v respirators. / Cv ; facepiece collapses slightly, and hold the bceath ' (3) A discussion of why this is the proper facepiecv regtefiSph type of respirator lor the particular purpose. -> slightly collapsed condition ondr'ln^'inward||^ (4) A discussion of the respirator's capabil ities and limitations. (5) Instruction and training in actual use of the respirator (especially a respirator for emergency use) and close and frequent super vision to assure that it continues to be properly used. : leakage of air is detected, th& tighfxgg^t'thl^^ respirator is probably satisfactory/ ' Potential users of respirators shouMTab ' required to test their facepiece fit the respirator under'realistic 't^^conditfonfeconcentration of lOO parts per milBraib acetate vapor (obtained by vaporizi: ; liters of isoamyl acetate for each l,< (6) Classroom and field training to recog of room volume) may be prepared in?*- nize and cope with emergency situations.. ,, ; .tchamber,asmfdlplastic,enclosqr4qpitia: (7) Other special training as needed for spe room. If the person wearing ^ _.......... cial use. . ;jjjV'. enter and remain in thistesf ahncsph3^withou%y Training shall provide the men an oppor detecting the odorotisamyr^ tunity to handle the respirator, have it fitted : goodfifc.Ilhedetectatheoddr,his, properly, test its facepiece-to-face seal, wear it i to freshair, readjust thefacepie in normal air for a long familiarity period, and,: test. If leakageisstill noted,it finally, to wear it in a test atmosphere. ; that this particular respirator ^ the^earer.,,The'wMOT';sh^d"nqfIe^it&w^ti% 7.5 Facepiece Fit Tests and; Procedures. tighten the headband straps until they jure-un~/ Every respirator wearer shall receive fitting in structions including demonstrations and prac tice in how the respirator should be worn, how to adjust it, and how to determine if it fits properly. RespifatSIShihall not be worn when face fit. If fitted too-tight^, ti(6 Weprwfll.nQt y wear, the respirator or ii^'w^iit^fit^gVcom- fortably loose and will not havea gaadighf seal. L Particulate-filter--r^piratbn^^r4|^|imit%^ conditions preventakgqod face seal. Such con be adapted for use with chemical cartridges and ? ditions may be a gfcWth of beard, sideburns, a .. may also be testedfor face fit in feoan^l acetate^^ skull cap that-projects under the facepiece, or : To check the fit of a respiratoir equipped*with temple pieces on glasses. Also, the absence of one or both dentures can seriously affeet the a high-efficiency particulate filter, an irritant smoke tube (glass tube 12 centimeters long by fit of a facepiece. The worker's diligence in ob 1 centimeter diameter, filled with stannic chlor-; serving these factors shall be evaluated by periodic checks. To assure proper protection, the facepiece fit shall be checked by the wearer each time he puts on the respirator. This may be done by ide-impregnated pumice) producer- a very-, irritating smoke when air is blown, through it. The smoke is directed at the facepiece seal and leakage is indicated by irritation of the throat and lungs. (When testing half-mask facepieces* 24 c 003344 LAM023005 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Z88.2 do not direct the smoke into the eyes and in struct the wearer to keep his eyes closed during. the test.) Freshly produced smoke particles from this tube range from less than 0.1 to 3 mi crons in diameteifeThe glass tube is scored at each end for easy breaking. A squeeze bulb with a short rubber tube aspirates air through the tube; visible smoke is immediately formed by contact with moisture in the air. The irritant is hydrochloric acid absorbed on the particulate. A similar smoke is produced with a sulfur trioxide or titanium tetrachloride tube. Several methods of determining facepiece fit are described in detail in the Respiratory Pro tective Devices Manual, published by the Amer ican Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Conference of Governmental Indus trial Hygienists in 1963. 8. Maintenance and Gare of Respirators 8.1 General. A program for maintenance and care of respirators shall be adjusted to the type of plant, working conditions, and hazards in volved, and shall include the following basic services: (1) inspection for defects (including a leak check) (2) cleaning and disinfecting (3) repair (4) storage Equipment shall be properly maintained to retain its original effectiveness. 8.2 Inspection. All respirators shall be inspected routinely before and after each use. A respirator that is not routinely used but is kept ready for emergency use shall be inspected after each use and at least monthly to assure that it is in satis factory workingyehndition. Self-containci|fcreathing apparatus shall be inspected montfipbaAir and oxygen cylinders shall be fully charged according to the manu facturer's instructions. It shall be determined that the regulator and warning devices function properly. Respirator inspection shall include a check of the tightness of connections and the condition of the facepiece, headbands, valves, connecting tube, and canisters. Rubber or elastomer parts shall be inspected for pliability and signs of de terioration. Stretching and manipulating rubber or elastomer parts with a massaging action will keep them pliable and flexible and prevent them from taking a set during storage. A record shall be kept of inspection dates and findings for respirators maintained for emergency use. 8.3 Cleaning and Disinfection. Routinely used respirators shall be collected, cleaned, and dis infected as frequently as necessary to insure that proper protection is provided for the wearer. Each worker should be briefed on the cleaning procedure and be assured that he will always receive a clean and disinfected respira tor. Such assurances are of greatest significance when respirators are not'individually'assigned to workers. Respirator* maintained^ for emer gency use shall be cleafied and cliririfeetecbafter eachus& The following procedure is recommended! for cleaning and disinfecting rrepiratom".^5*^ ` -- > ' '" r /'s' Jir*- - (1) Remove any filters, cartridges, or cam**" tors. (2) Wash facepiece and breathing tube cleaner-disinfectant or detergent solutionis following paragraphs)^ Use a hand; brush cilitate removal of dirt,V.; H - ^ > (3) Rinse yin dean;warm, water. ; (4) Air dVry in iar-c-lfean area... .. . iw"&fiSSetr.- : (5) Clean other re^irator'^rli aiiecbm' mended by ; agM** wnnwnyi-u ass..0 - ..... (6). Inspect parts;replace (7) Insert new filters/ cartridges, or canis ters; make sure seal is tight;. 1/ ;V. (8) Place in plastic bagorcontainer for.stor age.:;;-- ... - Cleaner-disinfectant*' solutions" are availableTM that effectively clean the'respirator and contain a bactericidal agent. The bactericidal agent is generally- a- quaternaiyyammoniura compgiind.s;^; . The respiraformay^fmmprs^iittfie^^ution*^-.-:: rinsed in clean/warm water, and air < Alternatively, respirators may be washed:in a liquid detergent solution," then immersed in: 1) a hypochlorite solution (fiO parts per, mil lion of chlorine) for 2 minutes; 2) ah aqueous iodine solution (50 parts per million of iodine) for 2 minutes; or 3) a quaternary ammonium" solution (200 parts per million of quarternary ammonium compounds in water with less than 500 parts per million total hardness). 25 c 003345 LAM023006 Z88.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES Different concentrations of quaternary, am monium saltaare^requiredto achievefatdisin- Also, dermatitia il^fakcur if: thequaterriary ammonium com^iihdff--are not completely rinsed from the respirator. The hypochlorite arid iodine solutions are not stable; they age rubber parts, and are corrosive to metallic parts. There- fore, immersion times should not be extended and the disinfectants shall be thoroughly- rinsed from the respirator parts "~ Strong cleaning and disinfecting agents can damage respirator parts. Temperatures above 185 degrees Fahrenheit and vigorous mechanical agitation should not be used. Solvents which affect elastomer or rubber parts should be used with caution. .'"V.;; Respirators may be contaminated with toxic materials (that is, organic phosphate pecticides and radionuclides). If the contamination is light, normal cleaning procedures should provide satisfactory decontamination; if heavy, a sepa rate decontamination step may be required be fore cleaning. For complete decontamination against phos phate pesticides, the respirator should be washed with alkaline soap and rinsed with 50 percent alcohol (ethyl or isopropyl). I Respirators used to protect against radioac tive contaminants should be decontaminated to levels not exceeding 100 disintegrations per min ute per 100 square centimeters fixed alpha and 0.2 millirad per hour of beta-gamma^ above background at contact. There should.be no detectable removable activity using standard swipe techniques. 8.4 Repair. Replacement or repairs shall be done only by experienced persons with parts designed for the respirator. No attempt shall he made to replace components or to make ad justment or repairs beyond the manufacturer's recommendationaJileducing or admission valves or regulators shall- ber returned to the manufac turer or to a trained technician for adjustment or repair. ~r - - 8.5 Storage. After inspection, cleaning,, and necessary repair, respirators shall be stored to protect against dust, sunlight, heat, extreme cold, excessive moisture or damaging chemicals. Respirators placed at stations and work areas for emergency use should be stored in compart ments built for the purpose, be quickly acces sible at all times, and be clearly marked. Rou- tinely Used respirators, such aa dust respirators, ' may be placed in plastic bap. Respirators should not be stored in such places as lockers or tool boxes unless they are in carrying cases or cartons. " l- - Respirators should be packed or stored so i that the facepiece and exhalation valve will rest : in a normal position and function will not be impaired by the elastomer setting in an ab- > normalposition. 1 1 Instructiohs for proper storage of emergency respirators, such as gas masks and self-contained breathing apparatus, are found in "use and care" instructions usually mounted inside the carrying case lid. 9. Special Problems** > r 9.1 Corrective Lens with Full Facepiece. Pro-, viding respiratory protection forgindividuals..' wearing corrective glasses is a seriour problem?^ A proper seal cannot be established ithe templ&r bars of eye glasses extend through ,ihe sealifT ` edge of the full facepiece. As a temporary me sure, glasses with short temple bars or withoil temple bars may be taped to tile wearer's head." Wearing of contact lenses in contaminated. at/ .. mospheres with a respirator shall not be allowed.- -v V Systemshave been jdevelpged,for mounting,; facepiece*. When' a .. workman must wear corrective lenses as part of the facepiece, the facepiece and lenses shall be- /;. fitted by. qualified inctividualaito provide good .; 9.2 Eyewear with Half-Mask Facepiece. If, corrective spectacles or goggles are required, they shall be worn so as not to affect the fitof the facepiece. Proper selection of equipment -willminimize or avojd,^ '9.3*'RespjirafoFUsem Low'Trehi'peratureai Mav:' jor problems in the use of full facepieceaat low., temperatures are poorivisibilit^q^ of exhalation valves. AlLi^^fac^i^to^are d^: signed so that the incoming fteshTair sweeps, over the inside of the lens to reduce fogging; Otherwise, it would be impossible to wear a full, facepiece in ordinary room temperatures with out severe fogging. Antifog compounds can be used to coat the inside of the lens to prevent fogging at room temperatures and down to tem peratures approaching 32 degrees Fahrenheit. However, below zero degrees Fahrenheit, anti fog compounds will not prevent seyere fogging. 'J ''t 26 LAM023007 c 003(346 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION _ Z88.2 Full facepieces are available with nose cups sound in the frequency range most important 6 that direct moist exhaled air through the ex halation valve. Aproperly fitted nose cup should to speech intelligibility: The diaphragm acts as a barrier to the ambient atmosphere. It should providesatisfaclory or adequate visibility at , be carefully handled and protected by a cover temperatures dqj|n:, to--30 degrees Fahrenheit. ; to prevent puncture. , At very low temperatures, the exhalation Various methods of electronically transmit* valve may collect moisture and freeze* open, al? s ;- tinr .speech from the.respirator are available. lowing the wearer to breathe contaminated air, These utilize a microphone connected to a tele or freeze closed, preventing normal exhalation. phone or radio transmitter. Usually the micro The Bureau of Mines has published two pam- . phone. is mounted , in the^facepiece, while the phlets on this subject: Performance of Openr. ... 1 amplifier, power pack, and loudspeaker or trans Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus ait mitter are attached to the exterior of the mask, --250 F, R.I. 7077 (1966), and Low-Tempera- rr carried on the body, or are remotely located. ture Performance of Compressed-Oxygen.. VRespirators with electric-.or electronic speech Closed-Circuit Breathing Apparatus, R.I. 7192 . transmission devices having an integral or body- (1968). Dry respirable air shall be used with r .attached battery power supply should be used self-contained breathing apparatus or air-line with caution in explosive respirators at low temperatures..The dewpointo - powersources shotdd be e: _ ^ of the breathing gas shall be appropriate to the. ' . of seals. Connecting cables 'froriiimietophbheS": ambient temperature. inside the facepiece shal|%liay^gp^|ghtfseaJsr High-pressure connections on self-contained , where; they emerge frpui, Jhe;fac^igiin.p^enEr" breathing apparatus may leak because of metal the loudspeaker diaphragtfl iapartofthe bamefc^, contraction at low temperatures. The connec- . ,, between thp. respiratpr.we^r-aq^fnpnr tions should not be overtightened since they atmosphere, it shall be, fre^u<etitl^'ihspect may break when the temperature, returns to ' ' leakage amcT`shouldadeq*Mf^^|ttpt normal. ; from 9.4 Respirator Use in High Temperatures. A man working in areas of high ambient or radianttemperature is under stress. Any additional' * stress resulting from use of respirators should? therefore, be minimized. This can be done by se- ; electronic or electrical vice into a respirator .sultaip a< . . ..... tia such thatJfte mask! the face, duringviree^^ic vironment. Removal'bf si lecting weight and using respirators. having minimum*:*. and breathing resistance. Supplied-air. : vices may respirators arid hoods and suits having an ... quate supply of cool breathing air are recom . 9.6 Nonconventional HespintorK^SReciaf res- - mended. Further information on use of respira-' pirator designs* sudi as*"neck respirators": for tors in high temperatures may be found in persons having-;a ,tracheotomy,- majp present - Breathing Apparatus for the Fire. Service, pub-t : problems notcommonlyen<^ntei^^ lished by the National Fire Protection, Associa-.' ventional respirators; Theteforer the manufae---- tion in 1966. --v turer shouldbecori&ltedf^^ or precautions.* 9.5 Communieatipns.- Although conventional respirators distortothe human, voice to some.; extent, the respirator exhalation valve usually provides a pattrmty.for some speech transmis sion over short distances in relatively quiets 10.1 General: Feedback on-how a*-respirator areas. Talking can induce facepiece or compo ' program is functioning.js^necessary if manage- :: nent leakage and therefore should'be limited mentr is to maintain effective respiratorjrpro-- while wearing a respirator, especially those with tection. Program improvement and elimination half-mask facepieces. of deficiencies cannot be effected unless the pro- - Mechanical speech transmission devices called gram is monitored and evaluated on a continu speaking diaphragms are available as an inte ing basis. The following techniques are used in gral part of some respirators. These consist of a evaluating the effectiveness of respirator pro resonant cavity and diaphragm which amplify grams. ' " ... 27 C 003347 LAM023008 Z88.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES ;'~'V f;. 10.2 Wearer Acceptance. The effectiveness of 11.1.2 American National Standard. Method a respirator program Qan be largely determined of Marking Portable Compressed Gas Contain-^ by the degree of worker acceptance. Numerous ers To Identify the Material Contained, Z48.1- factors affect the wnpfs acceptance of respira 1954 ; ' ;,v tors. These include ^pnfort, ability to breathe without objectionable effort, adequate visibility under all conditions, provisions for wearing pre scription glasses if necessary, ability to commu^ nicate, ability to perform all tasks without un due interference, and confidence in the facepiece fit. Failure to consider these factors is likely to 11.1.3 American National Standard-Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection, Z87.1-1968-------- 11.14 American National Stajw||r^(Safety.. Guide for Respiratory Protection against Radon j Daughters, ,Z88.1- *"- reduce cooperation of the wearers in promoting 11.2 Compressed Gas Association ; a satisfactory program. How well these problems have been overcome can be determined by ob- - _ 11J2.1 Commodity Specification for?Airi Spe^' serving wearers during normal activities and by ' cificationG-7.1,1966 ~ soliciting their comments. ; 1144 Compressed Air for HumanJRespira- - 10.3 Examination of Respirators in Use. Res tion, Pamphlet G-7,1968 piratory protection is no better than the respira 114 Interstate Commerce" Commission; tor in use, even though it is worn conscien Department of Transportation^ tiously. Frequent random inspections shall be conducted by a qualified individual to assure that respirators are properly selected, used, cleaned, and maintained. 1141 Code of Federal Regula Parts 71-90, Rules and Regulate Transportation of Explosives and gerous Articles 10.4 Evaluation of Protection Afforded. When 11.4 U.S. Department of the IntermrfBurea respirators are worn in toxic atmospheres, the of Mines. See A2.1 in. the individual should be provided appropriate peri-' Standard. odic laboratory tests. These may include urine, blood, or fecal analyses and other techniques to- 11.41 ]Schi^ltilcl31^ ing Apparatus, "Goife bf determine the intake and excretion of toxic sub Part II, Subchapter B,Chapterdt oi-Title 30. " stances. The findings of these tests, when corre lated with other exposure data (especiallyair* - .11.44%^edulftl4jC sampling data, as described in 6.3.4) for wearers era! Regulatipns^ Part?l<^ * of such equipment, can serve as air indication ofi*>v' - tecl ofTitle dO. '. the effectiveness of the program. Positive evi 11.44. Schedule 19B` dence of exposure shall be followed up to deter Schedule 19B, Supplied-Air Resgifatore,; mine any relationship to inadequate respiratory*; of Federal Regulations* Part 12j _ protection and need for additional engineering"; Chapter 1 of Title controls. . H' Nasal or facepiece interior smears* or botfv.. usually will detedy&ny significant penetration . of radioactive contaminants into the facepiece. . 114.4 Schedule 21B, Fater-T^Diis4 fi5^fc and Mist tiorn, Part 14, Subchaptet Title 30*~^__ 11 RefererTtfisSito Other Codes*; Standards and Manuati .> 11.1 American National Standards Institute.- When any of the following Americaiv National " : Standards is superseded by a revision approved " by the Standards Institute, the revision shalt- apply. J 11.1.1 American National Standard Identifi cation of Gas Mask Canisters, K13.I-1967 11.44 Schedule 23B, pirators (Chemical-1 eluding Pahit-SprayRespura* eral Regulations, Part 14a,S ter 1-of Title 30^ 114.6 tained 7077, 1966. 11.4.7 Low-Temperature Performance of Con*^ pressed-Oxygen Closed-Ciicuifc; Breathing. Apr- paratus. R.I.7192,lMfcatr .k`25*$* 28 C 003348 LAM023009 ... ';- fj; y 11.48 Infonnation Circular 8281 (October 1, ^ i1q9c6k5 and supplements). Respiratory .... gppnnredty the U.S. Bu- ~ "/* ^ *- ^.:'-v: reatt-M .* ' < 1L5 U.S. Derwent ofAgriculture ' ..........., '* `& -.,..,2^08.^,2,,S-wV. .,,v * -/ >s. 11.7 American Industrial HygieneAssocia- .. j tion and American Conference of Govern- . * j mental Industrial Hygienists.. ' * f1W ResP*rato,y ual, 1963. '., 'v < _ A D^vices^Man. ^ Jj A /K F* ` * 11J5.1 Respiratory Devices for Protection UA National Fire Protection Association -ard AsseAgainsteCertain Pesticides, ARS-33,76-2. Feh}y.e . 1L8.1 Breathing Apparatusfor theFireServi9M- , .A 1 . gfAfa^JftCT^ff&grpRfinQ *'., . -wr* *-**;>*<**5*K; ***? - QOeiSfertAlWil^ 1965). ............ ................... .......................... ** 7 ** a. V'pagfcSJ i^n^nse^kfcanmeini^i^ v . .' -:.T : ; - .s^ ..Ci*~>i* . . i\..i^ oi.',,ccsTHb}iht'5'iiuie. -. i .: V vonontUMS," ,x, r' ' - ---- J - :. v - ......... 4- "f- ' - "* -- -v *, A. ;.* '.*--*.................... '! * -.'Vt~ *<.i`rjir*nrv;,?:r^%#M!loi!l' *: it*:/ TM-r wj.u 7 ?!'*& - --' - `'-V.'r. itv'IV. r/ .i-!>.?:trf^-.SSSEIB -1--' ~(H ;<.**. ',*J:MVW.;.:v '^tei v 'r ^ip,; ` . %. v.' -v,<(w?f ny/^t 2 ^..T " *./ ; *"* * '* rf' "*'V* -- '4. JL '* r"'~ *.' -:,w *5Wati*s<..'rv"sw{ Wtpr --- i1'-1*- i, .t V.,'/ 1 / '. *VA.V> ^ 4C| ssa C 003349 LAM023010 Appendix '' Respirator Approval and Acceptance Listings (This Appendix is not a part of American National Standard. Practices for Respiratory Protection, Z88.2-1969, but is included for information purposes only.) Al. Approved or Listed Respirators The Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, and the Department of Agriculture pub lish frequently revised lists of respirators. Sam ples of these have been tested and found to pro vide satisfactory respiratory protection against specific hazards or contaminants. A 1.1 Respirators Approved by the Depart ment of the Interior, Bureau of Mines. A list of respirators approved by the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. A1JJ Respirators on Lists Published by the Department of Agriculture. A list of respira tors for respiratory protection against certain pesticides may be obtained from the Depart ment of Agriculture, Pesticide Chemicals Re search Branch, Beltsville, Maryland 20705. A2. Requirements for and Tests of Respirators ... .. Requirements and testing procedures for res pirators have been established and published by the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, and the Department of Agriculture. A2.1 Department of the Interior, Bureau of . Mines, Requirements and Tests. Requirements for approval of most= types of respirators used have been establiahjifeThese requirements are published as the- Efepartment of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, schedules. A. current list of these schedules appears in Section 11, Refer ences. These schedules are frequently revised and each subsequent revision is assigned a suc ceeding terminal letter (for example, schedule 19B is a revision of schedule 19A). Copies of the most recent schedules may be obtained from the Publications Distribution Section, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 4800 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Penn sylvania 15213. The Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, approval on a respirator .continues in ef fect even though the schedule under which the respirator was approved has been revised one - or more times. If the user wishes to check the minimum performance he may expect from ani approved respirator, he should consult the schedule which was in effect when the approval,:. was granted. Certain respirators are upgraded, by the manufacturer to meet the requirements of more recent schedules. In general. each ached- ;*- . - ule revision makes the requirements more se- vere. A complete list ofscheduleaand theireffective dates, and a list of schedules under If; which each respirator has. been approved, will J be found in the Bureau's list of approved res- -M ' pirators. ' \ _ - Responsibility for testing and approvil?b^; - pesticide respirators has been transferred to the2* Department of the Interidt^ Bureau?of MiruppL ; AZZ Department of Agriculture- Require-.- ments and Tests. The Departmentqf AgrHnd-| ture previously established requirements and.^: - tests for respirators intendrf to proyiderespiTO-^ tory protection during th^appUcatibB'imdhi^^^ dling of pesticides. The requirements and tests are described in a publication of testa and re quirements for respirators^ designed to provide respiratory protection against pesticides; The publication may be obtained from the Depart- ment of Agriculture, Pesticide Chemicals Re search Branch, Beltsville,. Maryland 20705. i ~ In the Departmentof Agriculture's teats, pea-.-., ticides were- dispersed- at water-spraySglbilr-.: ~ sprays, or dry dusts to simukte-ftSmuIations^"- used in field applications.. Chemical cartridges -- were tested for one hour and gas mask canisters for four hours. Insect, bioassay, methods, were _ used to determine die efficiency of canisters and cartridges. - - The Department of Agriculture did not eval uate facepiece fit of chemical-cartridge respira tors or gas masks. It did not test respirators for protection against rodenticides, herbicides* and fungicides. 30 C 003350 X-' :4 3 -3 \3 --r* r.xi LAM023011 APPENDIX .* A3. Selection of Other Than Approved or listed Respirators For special purpopea the user may need to a respirator which has not been submitted to the fee Interior, Bureau of Mines, or to the^Srtment of Agriculture for testing or cannot be tested by these agencies because it is outside their approval or testing authority. Ainong these are special-purpose res pirators for which user demand does not warrant submitting the devices for testing or approval \r.p,Wm., v-, ., ', 288.2,;: ; : A,-'*tr'. , The user should compare unapproved respira* \A tors with similar approved or listed devices to evaluate the facepiece and other parts to assure himself that the manufacturer; or other reliable.-; ` . y:. organization, has tested the filters, cartridges, \ ' 5 > ^ or canisters, that they are adequate for the re-4' " ` '"iV*>.1#" quired service, and that quality control during manufacture can be expected. He should make' or have made suitable tests' of the respirators'. - . -~ effectiveness which, as far as feasible, simulate: tests made by the official testin** g agen' cies. W4- . '\yr. - <,, ' ,, -.- f.'" ri f * 4*** i , /. ' i j ' '\' . - 4 , .. '**->*- r* r'P *'-* - A 4 \ ' ..t;.'" * ? . .!d&2&&&2 SS ' Z~-~ jr ~ ; -.-w..5jpE^,'' "-'-^3Br. i'r*J1 - -45' 5'^s. * *- -"W1- r*' 44tW'' j .,4 -444';`4.^ ,'N v v ^ ^ j ** ^ >f 44 ,--^v ' vi- ' 'V '"- 31 LAJW023012 C 003351 American National Standards The standard in this booklet is one of nearly 6500 standards approved to date by die American National Standards Institute. The Standards Institute provides the machinery for creating voluntary stan dards. It serves to eliminate duplication of standards activities and to weld conflicting standards into single, nationally accepted standards under the designation "American National Standards." Each standard represents gener# agreement among maker, seller,andu groups as to the best current practice with regard fo some specifteprobl ........ Thus the completed standards cut across the whole fabric of producticwjj^^g^ distribution, and consumption of goods and services. American NatfonaK>.'SS^~- .Standards, by reason of Institute procedures, reflect a national consensual.: of manufacturers, consumers, and scientific, technical, and professional orgass* nizations, and governmental agencies. The completed-'standard are- widely by industry and commerce and often by municipal, state, and governments. - - - ' 'Y;., StY. ' The Standards Institute* under whose auspices this work is being dpner is United States clearinghouse and coordinating body activity on the national level. It is a federation of trade association^ tecfini cal societies, professional groups, and consumer organize companies are affil iated with the I nstitute ascpmpany mem The American Nationai. StandardS lostitute^ the International Organization for;Standardization tional Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Through these chanheleU.S. star*r' dards interests make their positions felt on the international levef. Americanize National Standards are on file in the libraries of the national standards bodies^:TM of more than 60countrie$* : . - .v T For a free list of all American National Standards, write: ~ - ` - > - ............. - American National Standards Institute, lnc-i 1430 Broadways New York, N.Y. 10018- c 003352 LAM023013