Document YGRr1VRq4eG7n9285EX46RY9n

NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS / o2 S- & '7" & 7/Safety Pays77 -- A Safety Rule Book -- EVERY safety rule In the new 24-page booklet^ ^Safety Pays" I* illustrated *" in the catchy manner as shown above. Only a brief snappy paragraph is necessary to point out the rules to be observed. Workers approve heartily its punch and briefness! Give a copy of "Sahty PaysH to every worker now on the payroll-- and keep on hand a supply for every new employee! William E. Hunter, member, Arizona In dustrial Commission says, "Unless your working men are above the average in in telligence, large and comprehensive nets of rule* mean very little cm the average working mart either cannot or does not take the time necessary to learn or prop erly acquaint himself with these rules." Sample Copy and Prices Sent on Request National Safety Council, 20 North Wacher Drive, Chicago, Illinois / /f /l . ) ^CC C /V7 /-? ,A/ iW- 2_ -,;: Mp. ft ; Ok (ufi. /i, WliWf? ,* PROTECTION 1899 ` ' NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Designed to do a , . . not to meet a Job ertain Se 10 Willson safety devices are not sold on price. Protective equipment for head and eyes should be designed and manufactured with the principal object in mind to do as good a job of protection as is pos sible under the conditions for which it is made. The performance of a goggle or respirator or any device made to safeguard such sensitive and tender parts of the human body as the eyes, mouth, nose, throat and lungs should not be limited by the necessity of fabricating it to sell at a set figure. No less than the best obtainable protection for these vital parts of the human body is good enough. It is not uncommon for an injury of one eye to cause loss of sight of both. The same principle applies in regard to the respiratory organs. An infection of one lung, as a result of inadequately protected exposure to dust hazards, may be as disastrous as a plural infection. Willson Goggle Style LJ50 Wide, Undistorted Vision , , . thru 50 mm. (S' diameter) Willson Super-tough lenses We have a thorough knowledge of the needs of workmen in hazard ous occupations, obtained by long and constant contact of our held men. Combine this with the fact that new products are developed and changes made in existing types only when actual tests and scientific study prove them correct. Cushioned Comfort . . . shallow cups edged with Will- son sweat-proof padding' Anatomically Shaped , . . to conform to the hone struc ture of the face No wonder so many employers trust the job of protectingthe eyes, nose, throat and lungs of their workmen to Willson Products; surely you will agree with them that it is false economy to attempt to save a few pennies at so great a risk. Well Ventilated , . , to prevent fogging lenses at most any jab Willson manufactures a complete tine of composition cap and specta cle type ionites, welding masks, sandblast helmets and respirators Light Weight WILLSON PRODUCTS, Inc. Economical . . . all parts easily replaceable. Price: f l.fiS each, i. o. b, ship ping point. READING, PENNSYLVANIA ^ Represented in 18 western states by E. D. Bullard Co,, 275 Eighth Street, San Francisco, with conveniently located branch depots. The NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS in published monthly by the National Safety Council, *0 North WaeVer Drive, Chicago, III. Yearly subscription Price, 14,00, Volume XXVI, Number o. Entered as second class matter June 1, 1021, at the nostoffict: at Chicago. 111., under the Act of March T ULy, NOVEMBER, 1932 for 2,000or Compensationfir ? Cut expenses! But cut only where you can make a positive saving. You can't economize by cutting down on Safety (Joggle equipment--or by buying an inferior grade of goggle. One blinded eye costs enough to buy some 2000 pairs of goggles. You can economize by taking every possible step to assure eye safety in your plant. One of our repre sentatives will be glad to check with you on that. You can economize by bring ing your safety goggle equip ment up to date now--while prices are at their lowest level in years. Our Branch near you is listed below--a phone call will bring you our Eye Safety Advisory Service--or quick delivery of dependable eye protection. The GOGGLES in the picture are DPRALIT E--" Si O'* " A product of American Optical Company, which for 100 years hat specialized in everything that has to do with good eyesight. Men like these goggles--they are cool and comfortable, do not fog and do not cause goggle headache. In operations like the one illustrated Calabar Super Armorplate lenses are recommended. Be sides resisting impact they absorb dangerous invisible light rays and cut down glare. Here's eye protection that works for its keep. Optical Company SOUTHBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS SAFETY BRANCHES ALTOONA. AMARILLO ATLANTA BALTIMORE BIRMINGHAM BOSTON BUFFALO BUTTE CHICAGO CHATTANOOGA CINCINNATI CLARKSBURG CLEVELAND C0LT7 MRUS DALLAS davenport DBS MOINES DETROIT DENVER DUBUQUE NOVEMBER, 1932 ENID, Okla. ERIE. Pa. EVANSVILLE FORT DODGE HARTFORD HOUSTON HUTCHINSON INDIANAPOLIS IOWA CITY KANSAS CITY LINCOLN LOS ANGELES LOUISVILLE MASON CITY MEMPHIS MILWAUKEE MOBILE MUSKOGEE NASHVILLE NEW HAVEN NEW ORLEANS NEW YORK OKLAHOMA CITY OMAHA PHILADELPHIA PITTSBURGH PORTLAND, Ore, PROVIDENCE RICHMOND SAUNA SAN ANTONIO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE SHREVEPORT SIOUX CITY SPOKANE SPRINGFIELD, Mass, SPRINGFIELD, Mo, ST. JOSEPH ST. LOUIS ST, PAUL SYRACUSE TERRE HAUTE TOPEKA -a ,, TULSA WICHITA WICHITA FALLS YOUNGSTOWN Send for litera ture on our new, line of MODERN BLOCKS built m blocks should have been built tong ago. Many of the outstanding operations in America are depending upon Williamsport Wire Rope because the engineers and superintendents on these jobs through comparative experience have found Williamsport uniformly dependable and satisfactory. The long useful life of Williamsport wire rope will convince anyone of its right to preference. Try Williamsport by any comparison you wish to make and convince yourself of its superiority. WIRE C 0#M P A N Y Main office and works: WILLIAMSPORT/ PA General tale* offices: Peoples Ges Building, Chicago NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS of Inland 4-Way Floor Plate HEREVER there are footsteps, they small pieces can be used advantageously. Wshould be safe steps. In your plant Made of steel, to the Inland standard of safety is a direct responsibility you muqsut ality, and in thickness from No. 12 gage to shoulder. If you build machines, safety is a %*, it has the strength for any practical pur powerful sales appeal. pose. It is easily swept clean. It drains readily Inland 4-Way Floor Plate Is non-skid in ail --essential on out-of-door applications. In four directions. This 4-Way safety is espe fact, Inland 4-Way Plate provides every ad cially vital under the feet of an operator who vantage found in any plate and in addition must move quickly. 4-Way safety, 4-Way matching, and lighter 4-Way Plate is economical. It is lighter per weight per square foot. It is the logical mate square foot, because safety is achieved with a rial for cab floors, steps, stairs, walkways, new and better arrangement of projections. floors, wherever non-skid steel is advanta And waste from matching is eliminated. geous. Write for literature. INLAND STEEL 4-Way Plate matches no matter how laid-- COMPANY", 38 South Dearborn Street, Chi end to end, side to side, or side to end. Even cago, Illinois. 1 NJtalPi^N D ABLE SERVANT OF THE CENTRAL WEST Sheets Strip Plates Bands Structurals Piling Rails Bars Track Accessories Rivets Billets NOVEMBER, 1932 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND THE HEALTH OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS NOVEMBER, 1932 VOL. XXVI, No. 5 Leading Article* The President's Annual Address--6*. IF, Bergquist....................................... 11 Good Will Dividends from Safety Work'---Edward ./, Mekre.n................... 13 The 21st Annual Safety Congress....................................................................... 15 Officers and Executive Committee. N. S, 0--...................... .............................. 19 Test Explosions Show Menace of Dusts in Industry--David J. Price......... 20 Recording and Using Accident Data--IF. P. Eldun................................... . 23 Safety Essentials in Grinding Machinery--J. (J. Thompson........... ........... 26 Avoiding Accidents with Portable Electrical Tools--II. (r. Smith,............ 29 Give Them Help, Not Orders--IF. Dean Keefer................. ..... ....................... 31 The Eyes Behind the Steering Wheel--Alvkh R. Latter...... ......................... 34 When the Hunters Invade the Woods................. ............................................38 Seen and Heard at the Safety Exposition--0, H. Miller............................... . 50 Trophies Awarded in Sectional Safety Contests............................................. 53 Sectional Officers, N. B. 0........................ ......... ...................... ............................. 54 Regular Departments Editorial ............................. 9 The Managing Director's Page........ 10 The Bulletin Board.....................................40 The Accident Barometer..............36 Industrial Health ............. .58 The Safety Library...................60 Personals ........................... 62 Coming Events ....................... 70 The Honor Boll......................... .72 Correspondence .......... ,........... 73 With the Manufacturer.................. 74 The Buyer1 Service.............................. 78 m Carman T. Fish* Editor ,, G. M. Briggs* Associate Editor. Stanley H. Kershaw, Foster Editor C. H. Miller* Advertising Manager Copyright 1933 by National Safety Council, Inc. Printed In U. 8. A, Published monthly. Entered as second-class matter Tone 1, 1931, at the Post Office at Chicago, 111., under the act of March 3, 1379. The subscription price to members for extra copies of the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Is 54.00 per year. Single copies, 40 cents. Reduced quantity prices for yearly subscriptions and single copies on request. Subscriptions are available only to members of the National Safety Council. Member Audit Bureau of Circulation. This magasine is indexed In the Industrial Arts Index. m NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL INCORPORATED (Cooperative---Non-Commercial--Non-Foiltical--Non-Sectarian) 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, U. S. A. New York Office, 9 East 41st Street Office of the Education Division, 1 Park Ave., New York City 6 Notional Safety Cou nci! Officers, 1932-1933 Jeme* I, Banish, president RoSbaeferttyI. Catlin, Y>4'rMident for J* , Cuilmey, Vire-Presiriprit for Engineering Howard B, Fonda, Vif-President for Member. #hiD Join E, Long:, Viri-Pre<t|dent for SaferV ivmti- :i! G. T. Hellmuth, Vire-President for Pugin***# Administration George H. Wtrfel, Vlee-Premdent for I'mln#- trial Safety Dr. Cassius 3., Wation, Vie#.President for Health Albert W, Whitney, Vlne-Premdenr for Edu- eation Will Cooper, Treasurer W, H. Cameron. Swr^tary and Managing Director Executive Committee Members at Large J, I, Banash, Consulting Engineer Ernest W. Beck, United State* Rubber Co. W. S. Cameron Robert I. Catlin, The Aetna Life Insurance Co. Charles L. Close, United States Steel forp. Will Cooper, The Stevens Hotel J, E, Calliney, Bethlehem Steel Corp. Howard B, Fonda, Burroughs Wellootne <4 Co. tT- S, A.)t Toe. Dr. Thomas W. Gosling, Superintendent of School*, Akron, Ohio Harry Guilbert, The Cullman company Frank J. Lanahaa, Fort Pitt Malleable Iron Co, John R. Long, The Delaware & Hudson Rail road Corp. George E. Sanford, General Electric Co. O. W. Smith, Standard oil Co, <Ind.) Arthur X. Toda, Consulting Marine Engineer George H. Warfal, Union pacific System Dr, Caseins H. Watson, American Telephone & Telegraph Co, Albert W, Whitney, National Bureau of Casu alty and Surety Underwriters Dr. C.-R. A. Winslow, Xale Medical School Representing Safety Councils William F. Ardors, Milwaukee, Wis, F. K, CUatafeldar, fork County, Pa, Franklin X. Kremi, Evangfon, XU. H. W. Lermor, Cleveland W, W, Mack, Delaware E L. Shnands, New Haven, Conn. J. H. Taylor* Birmingham, Ala, Representing Sections O. B. Bnbllc Utltltl,, Frank H. Cogan, Marine Thomas Z, Lighfcfooi, Mining J, J, Pisak, Paper and Pulp H. S. Smith, ABSE-Enginerftug R. T. Soleusten, Accident Prevention Equip ment Manufacturer* W. X,. Whit#, Jr,, Cement Fast Presidents Robert W. Campbell Arthur T. Xorey Law S. Palmer David Yta Schaack* Ralph O. Richard** Charles P, Tolman Arthur H. Young Marcus A. Dow LCeawrlisR..AAA, duBOeeAlSlols CWhaaltreior`t Ir *` Homer E,. !Blass* Lieut.-Col. Henry A. Racingie** 0, Eugene Petttboae Ohrl W, Bergquist Deceased I FROM COAST TO COAST A network of highways spreads into the re motest sections, far from immediate assistance in case of emergencies. Every truck, motor bus or individual motor car should be equip ped to care for such contingencies en route. TRADE MARK 'TABLOID'- FIRST-AID has proved its efficiency from coast to coast-- not only on the highways and byways but in factories, homes and offices of every type. 'TABLOID'--FIRST-AID (M0T0-K1T) For Motor Fleets uses. Trucks and Railroad Section Gaos* Measurements: -M4 in. x 2^ in. LIST OF CONTENTS 2-`TabIoid' Bandage Boric Compresses (2 in. square) u'*Tabloid* Bandage Boric Compress 14 in. square) 6...Tablctd' Adhesive Boric Compresses I--Tourniquet (A. R. C.) 1--'Vaporole' Iodine (Box of 10) i-^Vaporole' Aromatic Ammonia (Box of 3) !--'Carofax1 Solidified Carron Oil (with 2% Phenol)--Hoa. tube !--'Borotax* (Boric Acid Ointment 10%) wtth eye tip-- H ox. tube LIST PRICE $3.60 Subject to Trade Discounts Burroughs Wellcome & Co., (U.S.A.) Inc. 9 & It East Forty-first Street, NEW YORK CITY Associated Houses: London (Eng.) Montreal Sydney Cape Town Bombay Shanghai Buenos Aires Milan "Keep your `Tabloid' FirstAid complete by maintaining a reserve supply of refills." fi, 8. N. Please send me B. W, & CO. booklet * JI "SHIELDED FROM DANGER" JZ! NOVEMBER, 1932 Individual's Name... .................... Official Capacity.......................... ..J= 8 WE INVITED fefjtnj Gvm&f TO THE PROTE SHOW SAFETY GLASS # +w y* < ><&- ;r yV*iTWTt nuomiiAiHUuiAuME pSu&toffiy^i&s y Cfafarwooitf & T7*4fl?*w<s3i wLe%*' Gomes of the New York. Yank*?-, jds&fctg seelrifoH'ef 1932, threw a baseball' at this LO-P Safety Glass w Meld with all the steam ofbis fowerfsi aim behind id It actually ttmtead icsk, leaving nothingbat thatcobweb of lines to show where it attack. It docs not take mack Imagtnatlew to picture that same baseball bit&iga regularplate glajl ` windshield...to mo, In ydatt miwFs ayedaggedimsmedfed <ani ofbroken gkss lyingthrongh the sir in all dbeeHois,^ 45% of all automobile aetgdeBtt,,' Safety Glass, we Invite your eomafndeiice m are cut by brokiK]raijb glaee, However, 'the strife-." i of its use or manufacture. ing demonstratil^BtaiWtraMyproves tbit such a ,, . terrific toil Is itwjpnftLdml mmimbie. You an see : . for joanetftimfllfi'lfiyONtji*Fowl Safety Class did not shatter and fly? that it did not set free those dan-, ' gex^dealing pieces that cause ugly cuts... andworse. WA R NIN G ? IKS^fhTel Safety Glam in yonr new ear. It is used by Packard^ G*h*m,_Stedl*ky, Franklin, See, _Willy*._ WiHys>:; j Any car should be as safe to drive as it is humanly possible to make it. That means it must have Safety r Class. Many manufacturers are now cooperating with highway safety commissions and the general public fay making LO-F Safety Class standard equip- ment at no extra charge. Others offer it, optionally, at nominal cost. Because we fed that everyone cou-'#L', Trolley Coaches, Bender Bus Bodies, Hackney and::; Spcingfimd' School and Passenger Bus Bodies, white School*Buses, Tort-Hoover School Bus Bodies, Crown School and Motor Coach Bodies, Ford School Buses, ia Stinson and Stearmam Aircraft, Gar. Wood Boats, Mat1 f thews Cruisers and Ghria-Craft Cruisers and Runabouts. earned with safety should be frilly informed about , Libbey- Owens-Ford SAPET^' CJLASS^-' twm&mrSm}rnMmmd Sjr*,; NATIONAL SAFETY NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS PUBLISHED By NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, INC. VOLUME XXVI NOVEMBER, 1932 NUMBER 5 A Source of Encouragement lijah. in despair at the waywardness of his people, E found new hope and courage in the revelation that there were still thousands in Israel who had not bowed the knee to Baal. Similarly, the safety man who attended the Twentyrirst Annual Safety Congress must have experienced a renewed faith and enthusiasm at the evidence that industry and the public generally are still solidly behind the safety movement. While the attendance seemed small in comparison with the immense gather ing of 1929, it must be remembered that each delegate meant a greater proportionate outlay for his company than two in any normal year. Every dollar expended this year looks twice as big to the comptroller as one spent a few years ago. Eariv in the year some members questioned*.the ad visability of holding a Congress in 1932. They felt that many companies had pared their budgets to the point where it would be impossible to send represen tatives, and that an unsuccessful congress might im pair the prestige of the safety movement. The opinion prevailed, however, that the value of continuity of the annual meetings far outweighed the possible effects of reduced attendance. The practical data made available through a Con gress furnish ample reason for holding it, and manage ment rightly expects some return of this kind. These provide a secure foundation for the iess direct and tangible benefits which might otherwise be lost under the stress of economic conditions. The spiritual and psychological values of attendance may not be evident in the report to the general manager, but they can not be ignored. And this year particularly, proof of the enduring qualities of the safety movement has been one of the chief values of the Congress. An Expensive Luxury THERE is throughout the United States a widespread and vociferous propaganda against, government, de clares Professor Charles E. Merriam of the University of Chicago. One has only to read the daily press to realize the truth of this statement. Not all of this abuse comes from the radical elements; certain conservatives are to be found in the anvil chorus. That the cost of government has become a serious burden cannot be denied. Yet the public must not forget that many of the costly activities now being con ducted by government were undertaken in response NOVEMBER, 1932 to popular demand. And waste and inefficiency are not confined to government. "For my part," says Professor Merriam. "I do not hesitate to say that the most expensive luxury in America today is the common opinion that all govern ment is necessarily weak, ignorant, corrupt and con temptible. This attitude costs billions of dollars annu ally. It poisons the springs of governmental interest, enthusiasm and service. This boycott of public life makes difficult the recruitment of the personnel neces sary for government. It makes government inviting for spoilsmen, grafters and racketeers, and drives away many of those who might best serve the state. It pro duces higher costs and lower achievement levels." .Man does not work for money alone. Part of the compensation is in pride in his job and the recognition of his services by society. If we regard all public servants as crooks, then honest men will tend to stay out and the crooks will come in. And the public pays. The principal qualification for office seems to be a thick hide. Unless we are willing to give governmental service a higher standing, we must continue to pay extravagant rates for such service as we get. "And," warns Professor Merriam, "it is indeed doubtful whether a government not commanding full public confidence and respect can deal with the existing complications, industrial and governmental, or our modern life." In This Issue ASUMMARY of the accomplishments of the safety movement during the past year and a thoughtful interpretation of the accident situation is contained in the President's Annual Address. Too many people think that accident prevention is largely coercion, Mr. Rergquist declares. The work of prevention is further handicapped by a more or less prevalent attitude of in difference, tinged somewhat with fatalism. Those who heard Edward J, Mehren's address before the Annual Meeting of Members gained a new i,onceplion of the far-reaching induence of safety work. While industries have been saving lives, with substantial direct profit to themselves and their employees, the by-products of good will have been scarcely iess profitable. Pew companies have a wider range of territory and experience from which to compile accident data than has the American Telephone & Telegraph Company. And probably no organization has mq4&<more effective use of the information obtained. W. P. Elstun describes the methods used in compiling data and disseminating it among the various operating units of the system as a guide to safer operation. 10 THE MANAGING DIRECTOR'S PAGE The Common Mind prosperity, the desire for some kind of prowess or personal attainment, IX SPITE of personal characteris- siime form of appreciation ol' the tics human beings, beneath the sur beautiful, and many other common face. have the same common or social desires. mind. The similarities of motivating instincts, desires, or mind-souree out One of the discoveries about this of which come the expressions of life common mind is seen in the success is the point of attack of the safety of safety contests. They were prac probiem. This common mind must be tically untried for fifteen years. Xow persuaded that accident prevention is we know that almost any kind of natural and reasonable; a thing to be creative rivalry between departments, desired and striven for. between two or more plants of the same company or in the same indus Safety men have been saying for try, or by varied industries will stir 20 years ``00 per cent of all accidents up an interest in this common mind are due to the human element," but that will practically free the plant of how many realize that this is tanta accident tragedies. The award for mount to saying that many accidents the contest should be individualistic have their source in the actions of re as possible and conferring personal actions of the common or social mind distinction. The soldier proudly which must be understood and ap wears the Croix de Guerre. pealed to if we are to create an ac ceptance for Safety. A ne'er-do-well son of a millionaire mill owner was sent to a southern town to "learn the business." He discovered that the difficult operating problem was to keep the mill going during the entire week. The colored men would work for two to three days; get enough . money to satisfy their casual wants and they would not return to work until this money was spent. This young man conceived an approach to the common mind by establishing a new store in which were attractively displayed many new articles of clothing and household goods that immediately appealed to the colored women folks- They wanted those new bright hats and dresses and parlor furniture, but there was only one way to get them. Their men folks had to work harder and longer. The mill was soon on a full week working schedule. This ap peal to a common desire for a personal adornment and household display set tled a production probiem. How can the worker be made to want safety? The appeal must be made to his underlying mind com posed of the egoistic instinct; unful filled wishes of many kinds; the reser voir of the every day accumulation of everybody's mind. In this (iommon mind we have the group of family ideas, the love of one's native land, the religious or spiritual ideal, the wish for economic NEWS OF THE MONTH A LTHOUGH the Council'! newest publi* * cation "Safety Pay*" has been in the hands of members hut a short time its popu larity has necessitated a second printing. This concise, well illustrated booklet states in sim ple and understandable language the essen tial rules of safety. Write to headquarters if your sample copy did not reach you. Through the initiative and cooperation of W. Earl Hall, Commander of the Iowa De partment, The American Legion, all other state commanders of the Legion were furonished with a copy of the 1933 Safety Cal ends? with the suggestion that the local post he given an opportunity to sponsor the dis tribution of the calendar to the schools in their locality. Many service clubs, civic groups and other public spirited organizations have already made this contribution to the safety education of their school children. As the time approaches when the various state legislators will convene we are reminded of the necessity for organized action looking toward the enactment of Drivers' License Laws. In many states campaigns for this important legislation are already underway and every member of the Council should use his influence to further these important life saving measures. More than 2,000 copies of the 16-page booklet. "A Balanced Program for Reducing Traific Accidents" have now been distributed to interested organizations and groups throughout the country. There has been widespread use of material in thia booklet by newspapers and magazines. 188 separate issues of news-letters for in dustrial sections were produced between the 1931 and 1932 Congress. If personal responsibility must be soured will it, be through appeal to this common mind? The safety man must learn the most effective appeals; he should have a chart on the wall of his office, or at least in his mind, of these familiar appeals to the common mind. When he writes a letter, pre pares a poster, talks to his safety com mittees or fellow workers, he should appeal to man's innate desires, fie must touch one or all of them to get consent to building up safety in the individual, in the plant, in the com munity and in the world. Civilizing Forces PICTURE the results if the wheels of social progress were to be sud denly stopped. If people everywhere were to be deprived of everything ex cept the basic essentials of life--food, heat, clothing and shelter. It is apparently true that many people are thinking in terms of these four essentials, influenced perhaps by the unusual amount of deprivation around them. But these same people should not forget that our present social structure cannot endure if it is to be dependent upon a society en tirely devoid of human refinement. Survival is a first consideration, but is gaunt starvation so prevalent as to crowd out all other consideration of spiritual and material needs? This "sackcloth and ashes" attitude has filtered into business and industry, with the consequence that many de sirable and worth-while activities are set aside with the excuse that "no money can be spent for anything, ex cept food for the unemployed." If conditions Justify this attitude, then surely all places of amusement should be closed. Our educational system should be locked up. Our churches should be dismantled, and ail training programs, boys' and girls ' clubs, libraries, and other socially sup ported institutions should go by the board. What a dismal picture! The Safety Movement has its place among those essential civilizing forces that must be preserved iiu times of economic readjustment. Safety is a (Please turn to page 67) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 11 The President's Annual Address By CARL W. BERGQUIST* IP we needed evidence of the na tion's confidence, we have it this morning. Our numbers, it is true, are not equal to those of previous years, but events have frequently shown us that size is not the only standard for measuring values. That we have drawn so large an attendance in the face of universal retrenchment is indeed evidence of the confidence which industry and the public gener ally feel in the safety movement. And I feel also that thousands who are un able to be present today are with us in spirit. Time does not permit the listing of the important activities of the Coun cil during the past year but I wish to remind you of some accomplishments of more than ordinary significance. Among these is the Balanced Pro gram for the Reduction of Traffic Ac cidents drawn up by the Public Safety Advisory Committee. This brief pamphlet, based on the experi ence of many states, communities and other groups which have made sub stantial progress in controlling traffic accidents, presents remedies that have been found effective, discarding the countless fads and unsound theories which have been tried and found wanting. Among the valuable contributions which the Council has made to the public's knowledge of accidents is the annual publication" Accident Pacts." It is recognized everywhere as a source of up-to-date and authentic in formation on accidents. The-1932 edition contains the encouraging, in formation that 2,307 industrial units have reduced their accident frequency rates 38.4 per cent and their severity rates 19.3. Unfortunately, the ex perience of American industry as a whole lags far behind the experience of this group of progressive compan ies. These units reduced accidents by intensive effort intelligently directed. The attitude of the press toward the Balanced Program and the informa tion contained in Accident Pacts has been most encouraging. Pacts have Superintendent of Public Relations, West ern Electric Company, Hawthorne Works, Chicago. President, National Safety Council, 1930-32' {Read before the Annual Meeting of Members, Twenty-first Annual Safety Con gress, Washington, D. C., October 3, 19S2.) been freely quoted and commented Council members now hold contests upon editorially. Newspapers are be annually, involving some 700 indus ginning to realize the seriousness of trial units and more than 200,000 the accident toll and have shown an workers. encouraging desire to cooperate in For the first time this year the spreading safety information. cities were enlisted in a traffic safety One of the most effective methods' contest: 442 cities, representing a of keeping up interest in safety has total populatiggunf 41,277,000, are been the contest. After several years now competing for the honor of being we find contests used.more, extensively known as the safest city in the United than ever. Six industrial groups of States. NOVEMBER, 1932 12 Trophies were again awarded by the found! to the railroads in the nine classifications which had the low est, employee casualty rates during 1981. Regional safety conferences held throughout the country showed at tendances only slightly below that of previous years. Posters in Demand Another encouraging sign has been the continued demand for safety pos ters. Although many members have found it necessary to cut down the distribution of -.ome of the aids to safety as the working forces de creased, posters are used more in tensively than ever. The low cost of the posters and their proved effective ness have made them indispensable in the safety program. A new booklet "First Aid Remind ers,"' presenting important first aid directions in simple form, was dis tributed to the membership and highly praised by those familiar with first aid principles. Other hooklets now in course of preparation include "Women in Industry," "Safety Pays," and a brief rule book appli cable to practically every industry. Efforts to establish safety in the curriculum of vocational and trade schools have been meeting with more success every year. At the last Con gress the School Shop and Laboratory Committee was organized and mem bers undertook two important sur veys--one covering the extent of safety education in vocational schools, and the other, the extent of safety education in vocational school teacher training institutions. :: , Last year we felt that we had reached the bottom of- the depression but the ensuing months revealed new depths. The safety movement could not heip but feel the economic pres sure which was affecting business gen erally but the National Safety Council has suffered far less than other associ ations. Its income from membership dues and the distribution of publica tions has been drastically reduced ; the staff have accepted substantial salary reductions in common with the employees of member companies and all of our expenses have been cut in half. Some activities have been cur tailed but no essential service has been dropped. In our efforts to prevent physical injuries we are not unmindful of the injury and death. This problem is devastating social effects of economic now occupying the greater part of the public's attention. It is no less de structive than actual physical injury, and. in fact, it has a serious bearing on the individual's susceptibility to accidents. Undernourishment, low ered morale, worn- and uncertainty about the future--all of these make the worker an increased accident risk, even when the demand for production is missing. Hut There is another side to this question. Accidents are a* costly as ever to the individual and to his em ployer. True, there may be fewer orders in the shop hut the customer wants delivery promptly. An acci dent upsets planned production; it adds to costs. Likewise it adds to the distress of the individual and places an added bnrden on both industry and the community when resources are already taxed to relieve distress. And we must not forget that prosper ity is not likely to return to the victim of a disabling accident. The experience of the last three years has taught us that although ac cidents increase with business activity they do not decrease proportionately with output. In fact, many new and disturbing factors complicate the work of aceident prevention. Safety departments have, in many eases, been obliged to carry on with reduced staffs, and with smaller appropria tions for safeguards and maintenance. Even more serious have been the men tal obstacles. Men have been wor ried, perplexed, uncertain about their jobs. Perhaps their health has been impaired by neglect of medical and dental service which their reduced earnings could not afford. Men who return to work after periods of idle ness are out of step and they are likely to he aceident prone. The safety director's problems have been multiplied. Enforcement Not Enough Those who are not familiar with safety work are apt to gain the im pression that accident prevention is easy in times of slack business. They argue that the present surplus of labor makes it easy to Enforce safety rules. It is unfortunate that many people have the idea that preventing accidents is merely a matter of coer cion, and thig attitude has influenced our handling of traffic problems as well as shop problems. We have learned that enforcement alone will not bring safety. We have found, for example, that a shop rule requiring the use of any safety de vice will not he ohpyed unless the foremen and workers have been suffi ciently impressed with the necessity and justice of this rule. Drastic rules will fail without proper backing. A feeling that accidents are a black eye to the shop and emphatic disapproval of the man who endangers the safety record are more effective than harsh rules halfheartedly enforced. In the tieid of public safety we rind the same principles. We have seen temporary enforcement drives which forced some of the reckless to moder ate their driving until the excitement subsided. We have seen campaigns of a highly emotional nature which brought temporary results hut no fundamental reformation. The aver age person is still nonchalant about reckless driving. Home think that get ting a ticket for speeding is merely a joke. In short, the general attitude is very much like that of the woman who was bragging about her sous; they'd never been arrested--except for speeding and on liquor charges. Divided Responsibility Yet we must not forget that the de sire for speed is not in itself vicious. Et is only when it upsets the judgment of the individual and becomes danger ous to his fellow citizens that it be gins to assume criminal aspects. The majority of accidents are not caused by an easily recognizable criminal class that can be segregated and dealt with accordingly. If that were so, the problem would be much easier of solution. Xo, the majority of those who are responsible for accidents are just ordinary human beings. More over, the responsibility for any par ticular accident is seldom clean cut. There are usually many factors con tributing to the result and the re sponsibility is seldom entirely on one side. And to add to other difficulties there is still a more or less prevalent fatalistic belief that accidents are in evitable. Is it any wonder, then, that our progress seems siowf The public loves the spectacular, but the safety movement, unfortun ately, h*|Jittle to offer in this direc tion. Accidents, particularly those assuming the proportions of a eatas- (Pledge turn to page 281 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 13 Good Will Dividends from Safety Work By EDWARD i. MEHREM* PERHAPS many of the readers of this article will wonder why [ have turned to what seems a minor held of inquiry and have neg lected the major and more obvious benefits of safety work. True, 1 have chosen to speak of a by-product rather than a direct effect. I have passed over the great areas of imme diate benefit--the physical, the social and the financial results of safety work. But why should I not neglect them f You. the experts, have traversed these fields thoroughly. You have set fig ures on their value. For me, there fore, a less explored area is advisable. But, further, I do not regard the field of my survey as a minor one. It is indirect, it is true. Its benefits are difficult to weigh and scale. But its influence is mighty; I might even say, all pervasive. For the good-will that flows from industrial safety work can help our industries in their task of making sound adjustments internally and in their relations with the public. Approximately 33 per cent of us Americans and our families live our lives in and through industries. As individuals, as a nation we are af fected by their operations and by their relations to the public. Any force that can favorably influence their internal and external adjust ments is obviously important in American life. Such a force I conceive to be the good-will that flows from safety work. Good-Will in the Plant This good-will obviously shows it self first in the industrial plant itself. There is found the first of the good will dividends. To understand how they are earned one must know the mechanism of safety work. You who #President, Portland Cement Association, Chicago. `An address before the Annual Meeting of Members, Twenty-first Annual Safety Congress.) NOVEMBER, 1932 * The good will that Hows horn industrial safety work can help industry in its task of making sound adjust ments internally and in its relations with the public are industrialists know how it oper ates. It is not only inspection and safeguarding of dangerous machines, ft is not only fire drills and first-aid work, it is not only safety teams and exhibitions. It is all of these and more. Above all, it is an education of men in hazards and their reduc tion, in the value of health and sound limb to workers and their families, in mutual responsibility for each other's safety. Its mechanism is the safety com mittee wherein foremen and other workers report and discuss hazards, study accidents, decide on preven tives, and--most remarkably--impose on themselves the responsibility to see that these preventives work. The safety committee, then is --a body of technical experts on acrident prevention --a Ifeen-eyed. vigilance committee to spot hazards --an analyst to diagnose causes --a deliberative body to resolve on a program --a moral force to secure acceptance and observance of its decisions --a group actuated by the high motive of conserving for their families their own lives and limbs and the lives and limbs of their fellow workers *.. a committee, acting by themselves, but on problems of deep concern- to the management and therefore in constant counsel with the manage ment group. In rotation men take membership on the safety committee. It is a school wherein men are discovered, educated, inspired; given a compre hensive view of the industry, its pur poses, its ideals, its management. They are no longer."mill-hands" or iiumbers on a pay-roll but men, ex pected to think, and respected because they do so. What mote natural, than that these committees--deliberative and legisla tive bodies as they are--should have taken on wider functions. Without urging, they have applied themselves to personnel problems and placement, discipline, relief, community service, education and recreation. Rv natural stages they have become an informal works council, without commission other than the commission of knowl edge, without authority other than that of the workers' and the manage ment's confidence. Where men are regarded as men they give of the loyalty of men. fn such plants there is understanding between workers and management. The safety committee has become a means for exchanging views. In the cement industry, for example, our ex cellent employee relationships are due to the removal of all ground for dis cord and dissatisfaction through the operations of the safety committees. Good-will is evidenced in plant loyalty and devoted workmanship, which seek always the success of the enterprise. The plant has become not ''the. company" but "our company." Thus do we receive the good-will dividend in the plant itself. Thus do we promote the internal adjustment of which 1 spoke in my opening re marks. Good-Will of the Community The .satisfaction, . the pride, - the loyalty thusniweioped cannot be con fined to plant limits. Tinmen take them home. "The company" be comes `"our company" to wives and 14 children, as well. Why not? Has it not operated mightily for wife and children in safeguarding the worker's life and limb! Further, safety lessons learned in the factory are carried to the home, the schoolroom, the lunch club and the public-safety group. Mishaps are reduced in the home and on the street. The worker, in [earning: to protect himself, has learned to safe guard the lives <>f his family and neighbors. As accidents have dwindled, pau perism and demands on charity have declined. Buying power has increased and so have saving deposits. Homes are better kept. Families rise to a higher scale of living. Community life heneiits. The social dividend is high. The story travels. The plant ac quires a good reputation, ft has the pick of the workers. Smoke from its chimney that might have worried the town, now issues forth as a good omen. While it continues jobs are secure. Local officials take pride in the en terprise. Neighbor industrialists ac cord it leadership. Public regard de velops a feeling akin to ownership. The final result is that officials and the public help where they might hin der. Here we have a step, through the agency of safety, in the adjust ment of industry in its relations with the public. And this is another good will dividend from safety work. Good-Will of the General Public The spread of good-will beyond the community is of a less tangible and demonstrable order. But it is real nevertheless. Here T must call specif ically on the experience of the ce ment industry. We h-ve made, as you know, an enviable safety record. The story has reached the public in many ways, one of them through the wide publicity given to the dedication of safety tro phies at plants which have gone through the year without a lost-time accident. The trophies are handsome massive monuments--made of con crete, of course, which are unveiled at dignified and inspiring ceremonies, often, the biggest events in the his tories of their communities. Gov ernors,' IT. 8, senators, congressmen, mayors, other officials are glad to grace these occasions because they are evidence of a valuable, unselfish social service to the community. They have Safety work that will yield by-products must be sincere; it must, in full faith and honesty, be directed to the conservation of men been loud in their praise of our ac complishment and that praise has echoed even beyond the boundaries of the state. Our Annual June Xo-Accident cam paign, in which every operating man in our industry is enrolled, is made the subject of tremendous interest in every cement mill and quarry com munity. Many other industries seek to enroll, fiver a hundred mass meet ings of our workers are held simul taneously each year on the last day of May and 160 flag raising cere monies occur on the following morn ing. They are the opening guns in a campaign but the battle is for safety, not for slaughter. These events fre quently touch off community safety drives as well. Obviously the cement company and the cement industry ctime to favorable notice. Over the country, our key operat ing men, in the proportion of about one for every twenty men employed, assemble annually at convenient points for regional safety conferences, interchange of ideas, analysis of trends and suggestions, renewal of en thusiasm are the objectives. These af fairs have become events of outstand ing interest. They have attracted cabinet members, governors, leading educators and sociologists. The pa pers and deliberations have found their way into the public and the trade press and have been reprinted by the thousands. Good-Will of Compensation Commissioners Among the most valued evidences of good-will from our safety work are the unsolicited messages of congratu lation and encouragement received from state officials charged with the reduction of industrial accidents. Some of the commissioners have fur nished the word of impetus and cheer that has sent us full steam ahead into our best efforts. One commissioner recently wrote: "My own slant on the depression is that if industry ever needed the ex ample of inspiring safety records, it needs it now. Reduction of accident waste can be a most important factor in rehabilitation as you realize, and my I'oneern comes from the tendency to scrap safety effort now as a mis guided step toward economythese reasons i feel that the Portland 1 **jnent Association is to he more than ever 'oM-ratulated on what it has done for the cause of safetv in ',lne' 19:12." _Another says: "The safety record "f the cement industry should be an incentive for others to go and do like wise. and I trust that the 8tate Safety `tides Commission, may he able to use your good work as an example for others to profit thereby, to the happi ness, health and wealth of mankind.' The National Safety Foimcil has given to the press much about our record and this distribution lias spread u good name for us far and near. By many other means and i-hannels, this word of our accomplishment for the welfare of our men has spread and built good-will. Value of This Good-Will We cannot measure accurately the value of the favorable attitude thus created. We know that any industry is liable to attack and criticism by the. designing and uniformed. But such attack is parried, in part at least, if there is a shield of public good-will. 1 believe, too, that public favor builds business. If any are inclined to doubt me, I ask them whether the "House of Magic,'" whether Gerard Swope's leadership in social thinking, whether Owen D. Young's eminence in social thought and international economics have made business for General Electric. [ believe they have, for they have predisposed peo ple toward that company. To their minds, the House of Magic, Swope and Young give assurance that the General Eleetrie is progressive, relia ble. square-shooting, in similar fashion, good-will is a business builder for any organisation which possesses it. Again, we have a good-will divi dend from safety work, again a step in improving the relations between in dustry and the public. Perhaps we can extend our survey farther and discover in America's safety effort international benefits. I'ertainly the worli^agcords us the leadership in safety. We are elevated as the shining example of what can be (Please turn to page 64) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 15 The 21st Annual Safety Congress J. I. BANASH, president-elect of the National Safety Council, is a con sulting engineer of wide experience and reputation. For many years he has specialized in fire and accident prevention in their relation to the physical and chemical sciences, and has recently achieved prominence for his work with artificial atmospheres high in oxygen in relation to therapeutic appli cations. Mr. Banash received his classical training in the Boston Latin School and later the degree of S.B. in electro-chemistry at the Massachusetts In-, stitute of Technology where he taught for one year following graduation. For twelve years he was with Underwriters' Laboratories where he became head of the Casualty Department. In recent years he has established a con sulting practice in Chicago. Mr. Banash has been retained as consulting engineer for the International Acetylene Association. He is a member of the American Society of Me chanical Engineers, International Association of Fire Chiefs; National Fire Protection Association, and Railway Fire Protection Association. For the past two years he has been vice-president for finance of the National Safety CounciL NOVEMBER, 1932 A AT doubts and fears that might have lingered in the minds of the sponsors of the Twenty-first An nual Safety Congress disappeared be fore noon on Monday, October '>, Advance hotel registrations had been fairly satisfactory, considering condi tions in general, but many felt that it would be too much to expect a vast and inspiring gathering such as had marked the Congresses of previous years. The total attendance, estimated *5.500, did fall considerably short of the record for peak years, but the inspiration and enthusiasm of pre vious years was there. For many years a Congress in Washington had been considered by the officers of the .National Safety Council, but the attendance during more prosperous years would un doubtedly have imposed a severe strain on the hotel facilities. This year it was felt that conditions would permit holding the annual gathering of the Safety Movement in the na tional capital, and numerous letters received since the Congress, confirm ing verbax comments at. sessions and in hotel lobbies, have indicated that the choice of a Congress city and the program were approved by the ma jority of delegates. The location of the two headquar ters hotels, the Wardman Park and the Shoreham, in a quiet residential district, was enjoyed by many who found opportunities for rest and re laxation between sessions. At the same time, places of entertainment were readily accessible to those who wanted diversion after hours. As in all conventions held anywhere not all arrangements were perfect. Only in Chicago has it been possible to group all meetings in one hotel. This year, however, movement be tween the Wardman Park arid the Shoreham involved considerable hill climbing, and one delegate compared mounting the steps from the exhibit hall to the meeting rooms to climbing the Washington Monument. But these were invariably accepted as minor inconveniences incidental to holding titS^ngress in a city which offered an unusual number of attrac tions. 16 The National Safety Council Library exhibit at the Congress. J. I. Banash, consulting engineer of Chicago, was elected president of the National Safety Council for the coming year. Mr. Banash has for many years been engaged in accident and lire prevention activities and has been identified with the work of the Council for a decade. During the past two years he has served as vicepresident in charge of finanee. The retiring president, C. W. Bergquist, was presented with a shotgun by hia fellow officers and executive commit teemen in recognition of his services to the safety movement during his two terms of office. Washington's official welcome to the Congress was presented by George W. Offutt, chairman of the Traffic Advisory Council of the District of Columbia and past-president of the Greater National Capital Committee. "The holding of a National Safety Congress in Washington represents the fulfillment of an ambition of many years," said Air. Offutt. "Washington needs the inspiration of such a gathering." General Herbert B. Crosby, Com missioner of the District of Columbia under whose jurisdiction come all matters relating to public safety, wel comed the Congress on behalf of the District government. "We are proud that you have come here, ' ' he said. ` ` Every year we send representatives to the Annual Safety Congress to obtain the information needed in the solution of our own problems. We have plenty of traffic problems in Washington." Following the address of President Bergquist and the report of the nom inating committee and approval of the nominations of directors of the Council, Edward J. Mehren spoke on "Goodwill Dividends from Safety Work. ' ' His enthusiastic testimony to the value of safety work as a builder of good will concluded with this earn est warning: "Goodwill must never be the de signed purpose of safety work. It must of its nature be a bv-product." An impressive ceremony at the An nual Meeting was the unveiling'of the trophies won in the safety contests conducted by seven sections of the Council. Displayed on the stage of the Wardman Park Theater were 43 large bronze plaques which were later presented to the winners at luncheon meetings of the respective sections. For the second time in three years the Lehigh Portland Cement Com pany received at an annual Safety Congress the certificate of merit of the Joseph A. Holmes Safety Associa tion. Dr. Scott Turner, director of the United States Bureau of Mines, made the presentation and reviewed the remarkable safety achievements of the company. Seven plants operated through 1930 without a lost-time acci dent and six had a dear record for 1931. The tola plant has operated more than five years, and the Ormrod and Birmingham plants three years without lost time. Of the 14 quarries entered by the company in the Na tional Safety Competition of 1931 ten operated without a lost-time accident. Six have operated three years or more without accident. I/icut.-Colonei Henry A. Keninger received the cer tificate on behalf of the company. With the Annual Meeting, the Twenty-first Annual Safety ('(ingress was under way and mornings and ofternoons were crowded with general ami sectional meetings right up to Friday afternoon. Although many of the sectional meetings suffered from reduced at tendance two groups found the orig inal meeting rooms too small and were transferred to larger quarters. The Child Education and Aeronautical meetings found this move necessary. At the latter meeting the famous American war ace, Major Edward V, Kiekenbacker, vice - president of American Airways. Inc., presided. The high point of interest on Tues day was a demonstration of the expiosibilitv of various organic dusts which was conducted at the experi mental station at ' Arlington. Va,, by engineers of the United States De partment of Agriculture. Planned originally as part of the program of the Food Section the demonstration attracted many of the delegates from other sessions. The demonstration is described in detail in a separate arti- October 7, J', ,{. Banash, presidentlet of the National Safety Council, visited the White House and was cordial ly received by President Hoover. Here is Mr. Banash's message to members: This morning I walked into the Execu tive Offices of the White House and pre sented my card at the reception desk, hav ing first added the magic words "Presi dent, National Safety Council." I ex plained that I wished to see one of the secretaries of the president of the United States to pay your respects to him and to thank him for the stimulating and in spiring letter which Mr. Bergquist read at the Annnal Banquet. To my surprise and gratification as your representative, the secretary said he felt sure that President Hoover would be giad to receive the Council's greetings from me in person. After several delegations had been received, which did not take more than half an hour, I was ushered into the presence of our president and received a hearty clasp of the hand. His message to yon is one of gratification at the tenacity and vitality of the safety movement through these trying times. Probably the busiest man in the world at the moment gave his wholehearted at tention to yon and your problems, and I distinctly appreciate the. privilege of be ing able to represent yon on this occasion. Only a few momentUSnsTe available but his personality left such a striking and lasting impression that I wish X could transmit it to each of yon Individually. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS fie by Dr, David J. Price, who was PRESIDENT BANASH-S SPEECH OF hre not allowed to enter into the situ in charge of the tests. ACCEPTANCE ation. We have made real progress The Annual Banquet, held on Wednesday evening, combined the usual elements of food, entertainment and eloquence. It was President Bergquist N pleasant duty to read to the assembled delegates the following message from President Hoover; J will be obliged if vnu will express my rordiai greetings tn the Annual Safety b'ongress of the National Safety '%-mneii, QfNCE Edison's discovery of the mcandescent lamp half a century ago* the entire trend of civilized existence has been toward Acceleration. This of course means that we have tremendously increased not only the speed of transportation of people and mate* rial but also the tempo of production, through the perfection of machinery and the elimina tion of unnecessary physical eifort. gut--bas the speed of HUMAN reaction been increased in direct proportion? Has the human mind been geared to respond accu in medical supervision as it concerns s,a 1'etv. "<>ur motor vehicle problem, like yours, is growing fast, but our recent Road Traffic Act will result in a re duction in this Held. I am sure. We have excellent support from the Brit ish labor unions and they, too. will help us reduce our industrial acci dents. ' ' and my deep m*.*ubp <*f the value of their leadership in the vital tasks of giving human life from the voidable accidents incident to modern machinery of produc tion and transportation. The work is both rately to these changing physical conditions which have introduced all the new and com plicated hazards confronting us today? Undoubtedly in the course of evolution, nature, in its slow, methodical, but intensely The practice of increasing the ca pacity of each day at the Congress by means of early morning classes has retained its popularity. This year wise conservation and wise humanity. After L Banash. the president elect, and the other officers of the Na tional Safety Council had been an nounced, the toastmaster, George W. Offutt, introduced the tirst speaker of the evening. Dr. Robert Arthur Elwood, founder-pastor of the Board walk Church of Atlantic City. The second speaker was a surprise. In troduced as "Count Ernesto Russo, of Milan, Italy," he charmed the audience with his suave eloquence and keen humor and irritated a few of them with his references to American crime. When he responded to the prolonged applause after removing his spurious whiskers and reverting to accurate manner, would sofve the problem eventually. But before this could happen, coundess fives would be sacrified and human suffering multiplied many times, to a point indeed frightful to contemplate, were it not for the sound thought and intensive effort with which the safety man of today is attack ing the problem. Our ambitions and struggles since the Na tional Safety Council was organized have been directed toward the coordination of these human factors with the increased pace of existence. While we cannot turn our back on the more or less distant future and the problems it may bring, we must, under present eco nomic conditions, first direct our energies toward holding the ground already gained. In most sincere appreciation of the great honor you have conferred upon me, let me pledge you, in the words of Carlyle: "Our main business is not to see what lies dimly at the classes were devoted to the gen eral subject of safety in foremanship by rhe conference method, with M. !. Kane, plant training engineer for the American Telephone and Telegraph ( ompany as instructor. The four ses sions covered the following subdivi sions: Purpose of the Conference Process, Principles of rhe Process, its Application to Accident Prevention, and Its Use and Technique. Public safety sessions were held continuously from Monday afternoon to Friday noon under the direction of the Street and Highway Traffic Sec tion. Of more than usual interest to the visiting traffic officials was the three-hour bus tour for traffic observa a plain American accent, the audience a distance; but to do what clearly lies at tion and demonstrations of the elabo gasped. Only a few who had heard hand." rate system of signal controls under the "Count" previously realized the the direction of William A. Van hoax. Duzer, director of traffic for the Dis There were, however, some genuine reason, of course, is that you have trict of Columbia. Further hospi foreign delegates at the Congress. been at it longer; another reason is tality was extended by the District in Great Britain was represented by the peculiar temperament of the a luncheon and a dinner for visiting three representatives of the Chemi British worker. He needs to be told police officials. cal Manufacturers' Association -- R. that a tittle scratch on his linger neces Added importance was given the Lloyd Roberts, chief labor officer. Im sitates a visit to the hospital. He re public safety meetings by joint ses perial Chemical House and director sents it and we have considerable sions with other organizations. The of the association which directs safety difficulty in making him see that such Eastern Conference of Motor Vehi work throughout the United King visits are essential to his physical wel cle Administrators held two meet dom; Dr. T. E. A. Stowell, chief medi cal officer, and F. K. Standring, tech nical manager of the dyestuffs group. fare. On the other hand, in such very vital things as explosions he accepts the mandate of safety because he sees ings with the Street and Highway Traffic Section. One was held in co operation with the Institute of Traffic- Commenting on safety work in the directly that he will suffer. Engineers, and the final session was in United States and abroad, Mr. Rob "We are eight or ten years behind cooperation with the Executive Com erts said; you in our safety work, I would say, mittee of the National I Conference on "We were sent over here on a spe but I want to emphasize that it is not Street and Highway Safety. cial mission. Your industrial acci dent reports show that yon have a much lower rate in accident fre quency and aiso in severity; that is why we have come from London to attend your Safety Congress. going to take us eight or ten years to catch up with the United States. We are attending your Safety Con gress to pick your brains and carry back your highly developed psy chology pertaining to accidents. Delegates from Grand Rapids made a strong hid for the I9y.`i Congress. Their banners and lapel buttons were everywhere in evidence at the Con gress. A cordial invitation has also been received from Milwaukee. The "Mechanically we are just as good "I think we are a little bit ahead selection of tljftJJongress city will not as von are. but psychologically, I am of you on inspection laws. You know be announced, however^ until all sorry to admit, we are far behind you that all of our labor legislation is uni angles of the situation haveTieen con in accident prevention work. One form, thanks to the fact that polities sidered by the Executive Committee. NOVEMBER, 1932 18 OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL - 1932-33 -- R. X. CATLJN J. E. CULLINEY Vice-President for Public Safely Vice-President for Engineering HOWARD B. FONDA Vice-President for Membership G. T. HELLMUTH Vice-President for Business Administration WHi COGPER " Sactaaqr ' NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 39 EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, 1932-33 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, INC President--James I. Banash, Consulting Engineer, Chicago. Vice-President for Public Safety--R. L Catlin, Assistant Vice-President, Automobile Department, The Aetna Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn. Vice-President for Engineering--.!, E. Culliney, Manager of Safety, Bethle hem Steel Corp,, Bethlehem, Pa, Vice-President for Membership--Howard B. Fonda, Burroughs Wellcome & Co., {CJ. S. A.), Inc., New York City. Vice-President for Safety Councils--John E. Long, Supervisor of Safety, The Delaware & Hudson Railroad Corp., Albany, X. Y. Vice-President for Business Administration--G. T. Hellmuth, General (Maims Attorney, Chicago North Shore & Milwaukee Railroad Company, Chi cago. Vice-President for Industrial Safety--George H. Warfel, Assistant to VicePresident, Union Pacific Railroad Company, Omaha, Neb. Vice-President for Health--Dr. Cassius II. Watson, Medical Director, American Telephone & Telegraph Company, New York City. Ernest L. Simonas, vice-president. South ern New England Telephone Company, New Haven. Conn. .1. H. Taylor. Commissioner of Public Safety, Birmingham, Ala. Representing Sections R, T. Solensten, vice-presidents Elliott service Company. w York City. [ Acci dent Prevention Equipment Manufac turers*) Thomas B. Lightfoot. engineer in charge of accident prevention and mmpensation, Hoppers Coal Co., Pittsburgh, Pa, i Mining.) Cr B. Bouiet, safety director, Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Milwaukee, Wis. (Public Ctilities,} Frank H. Cogan, Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Company, Hoboken, N. J. (Marine. ,1 J, J. Plzak, safety director. Consolidated Water Power & Paper Co., Wisconsin Rapids, Wis. (Paper and Pulp. ) H. S. Smith, Cnion Carhide & Carbon Corp., New York City, f AfcJSE-Engineering.) W. L. White, Jr., assistant general mana ger. Medusa Portland Cement Company, Cleveland, Ohio. (Cement.) Vice-President for Education--Albert W. Whitney, Associate General Man ager, National Bureau of Casualty & Surety Underwriters, New York City. Treasurer--Will Cooper, The Stevens Hotel Company, Chicago. Managing Director and Secretary--W. H. Cameron, Chicago. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Past Presidents Robert W. Campbell, Los Angeles, Calif. Arthur T. Morey, St. Louis, Mo. Lew B. Palmer, Conservation Engineer, The Equitable Life Assurance Society, New York City. Charles P. Tolman, Consulting Engineer, Boyle, Tolman & Travis, New York City. Members at Large 3. I. Banash, Ernest W. Beck, .supervisor of safety, United States Rubber Co., New York City. W. H. Cameron. Robert I. Gatlin. Charles L. Close, manager, Bureau of Safety, Sanitation and Welfare, United States Steel Corp., New York City. Will Cooper. j. E. Cullinev. Edward liana, general manager, Boston Elevated Railway, Boston, Mass. Howard B. Fonda. Dr. Thomas W. Gosling, superintendent of schools, Akron, Ohio. Harry Guilbert, director, Bureau of Safety and Compensation, The Pullman Company, Chicago. Frank J. Lanahan, president, Fort Pitt Malleable Iron Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. John E. Long. George E. Sanford, General Electric Company, Schenectady, >!. Y. O. W. Smith, director, Safety Depart ment, Standard Oil Company (Indiana), Chicago. Arthur M, Tode, consulting marine en gineer, New York City. George H. Warfel. Dr. Cassius H. Watson. Albert W. Whitney. Dr, ONE. A. Winslow, professor of pub lic health, Yale Medical School, New Haven, Conn. Representing Safety Councils William F. Ardent, vice-president, Mil waukee Western Fuel Company, Milwau kee, Wis. H. W. Lormor, works manager, Willard Storage Battery Company, Cleveland, Ohio. P. H, Glatsfelder, P. H. Giatsfelder Manufacturing Company, Spring Grove, Pa. Franklin M. Kreml, Accident Preven tion Bureau. Police Department, Evanston, 111. W. W. Mack, chief engineer, State High way Department, Dover, Del. Arthur H. Young, Secretary, Industrial Relations Counsellors, Inc., New York City. Marcus A. Dow, Manager, Department of Safety and Personnel, Greyhound Man agement Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Lewis A. De Blois, Consulting Engineer, New York City. i'ari B. Auei, Manager, Employees' Serv ice Department, Westinghonse Electric & Manufacturing Company, East Pittsburgh, Pa. Charles B. Scott, President, Bureau nr Safety, Inc., Chicago, 111. Walter (}. King, Manager. Safety Di vision, American Optical Company, New York City. Lieut-Col. Henry A. Reninger, Special Representative, Lehigh Portland Cement Company, Allentown, Pa. C. Eugene Pettihone, Vice-President and Manager, Engineering Department, Ameri can Mutual Liability Insurance Company, Boston, Mass, 5^--" Carl W. Bergqnist, Superintendent of Public Relations, Western Electric Com pany, Hawthorne Works, Chicago. NOVEMBER, 1932 An explosion of grain elevator dust with adequate venting area* Glass windows in gallery not properly vented being broken by No damage to structure or equipment. explosion. Flying glass can be readily observed. Test Explosions Show Menace of Dusts in Industry By DAVID J. PRICE* IN' THE work on dust explosions and resulting fires in industrial plants the Chemical Engineering Division of the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils has obtained records of 560 explosions of this character. In 184 of these explosions 434 persons were killed and 866 injured. In 449 cases the property loss amounted to ap proximately $46,000,000. The dust explosion hazard exists in about 28,000 industrial establishments employing approximately "1^8,000 persons and manufacturing 'products of an annual value of mow' than $10,000,000,000. The Department of Agriculture has given special attention to the develop ment. of safety codes for dust explo sion prevention in grain-handling and manufacturing establishments. The Dust Explosion Hazards Committee of the National Fire Protection As sociation has been under the leader ship of the Chemical Engineering Division of the Bureau of Chemistry * Principal Engineer in Charge Chemical Eiurineerinir Division. Bureau of Chemistry and Soils. 0. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington. D. O. The accompanying article comprises the descriptive statements by Dr. Price at the Dust Explosion Tests held at Ar lington, Va., October 4, 1222. in connection with uie program of the Food Section at the Twenty-first Annual Safety Congress. and fcsoils since its origin. This com mittee is composed of representatives from the industries directly con cerned, insurance and safety organ izations, State and Federal officials and construction and equipment en gineers. The Dust Explosion Haz ards Committee has prepared the fol lowing nine safety codes: (1) Flour and feed mills (2) sugar and eoeoa pulverizing systems (3) terminal grain elevators (4) pulverized fuel Installations (5) starch factories (6) spice grinding plants (7) coal pneu matic cleaning plants (8) wood flour manufacturing establishments, and (9) inert gas for explosion and fire prevention. These safety codes provide a prac tical means of translating into actual plant practice the results of research work such as you will see here today. They have been adopted by the Na tional Fire Protection Association and the National Board of Fire Under writers and have been approved as "American Standard" by the Amer ican Standards Association. These codes have been published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the II. 8. Department of Labor as Bulletin No. 562, entitled "Safety Codes for the Prevention of Dust Explosions.'' It is very gratifying to safety en gineers to observe that the losses of life and property in the grain-han dling industries as the result of dust explosions have decreased in the 10year period 1921-1931. The average loss has gradually decreased from ap proximately $520,000 in 1921 to about $28,000 in 1931, a net average reduc tion of approximately $500,000. s'The records indicate that there were 39 dust explosions in industrial plants in 1931. On the basis of the reduc tion in loss of $500,000 per explosion, this would mean a saving of $19,500.000 in 1931 in property values with out any reference to a corresponding saving of life.) The yearly losses have dropped from $4,160,000 in 1921 to $1,100,700 in 1931. The reduction in losses from dust explosions in the grain-handling and associated industries has been due in a very large degree to the splendid cooperation which the Department of Agriculture has enjoyed with all the agencies directlyFeoncerned, and with national organizations sue'"as the National Fire Protection Association, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS .National Safety Council, National Fire Waste Council. National Hoard of Fire I'mierwriters. and other siini- iar associations and organizations en gaged in explosion and tire preven tion. These te>ts today have head ar ranged as a part of the program of the Food Section of the National Safety Council in connection with the Safety <`ottgress now in session in Washington. The rests are designed primarily to -how the possibility of releasing dust explosion pressures through properly proportioned vents without structural damage. The structure in which the dust ex plosions are produced consists of a room, gallery, and tower. The room. 4x5x3 feet, has a volume oh' 100 cubic Engineers setting roof vents and loading dust cups in gallery. feet. The gallery, 21- CvL'13x20 feet, has a volume uf 125 cubic feet. The tower. .1x3x12 feet, has a volume of 108 cubic feet. Total volume of the structure is 11-1 cubic feet. Vents on the room consist of hinged metal doors and pivoted sash. The metal doors range in size from 0.1 square feet to 1.35 square feet and the sash contain approximately 7 square feet of glass. The gallery has eight roof vents, each 1 square foot in area covered hv hinged doors. There are also eight fixed glass windows with an area of 1.3 square feet each. The opening into the tower, which is the full size of the gallery, may be closed when the gallery is used as a unit. The tower contains one swinging panel about 7 square feet in area, three hinged doors, each 1.55 square feet in area, an adjustable vent on top ranging from (1.1 square feet to 2.75 square feet, and four fixed glass windows with an area of 1.7 square feet each. Home unexpected breaking of glass may occur in tests designed to show the possibility of preventing such damage through the use of hinged vents. This is due to flaws or strains set up in the glass hy successive heat ing and cooling and does not indicate a lack of sufficient venting area to prevent such breakage under ordinary conditions. Kinds of Dusts each planned for a specific purpose. To produce these explosions it is necessary to have dust in suspension in air and a source of ignition. The dust cloud is produced when a jet of air strikes the dust in the cups and throws it into suspension. The dust cloud is ignited by an electricallyheated coil. ' Test 1--Grain Dust Home of tlie most disastrous dust explosions have occurred in terminal grain elevators in connection with grain-handling and storage opera tions. The first test, an explosion of grain elevator dust in the entire struc ture, will show the possibility of vent ing an explosion without damage. Ln this test approximately 17 pounds of dust will be dispersed throughout the structure, which con tains 333 cubic Feet. This makes a concentration of about 5 pounds per 100 cubic feet. The ignition occurs in the room. The pressure will be released through .two openings in the room having a total area of 2!... square feet, three openings in the gallery with a total area of 3 square feet, and two openings in the tower with a total area of 211. square feet, making a complete total venting area of 8 square feet in the entire structure. If will be observed from Test 1 that the vents proved effective and neither structure nor equipment was damaged by the explosion. This test indicates Test 2--Soap Powder The next rest, Xu. 2. will he an ex plosion of soap powder m the room alone. A steel door is used to close the opening between the room and the gallery. Approximately 3ft, pounds of soap powder will be used which will give a concentration of (HT pounds per loo cubic leer. The ignition coil is placed in the room in the same position as in the previous test, and the pressure will be released through one opening which has an area of about Its square feet. Test 3---Starch The next test, will show an explo sion of starch dust. There have been a number of disastrous starch dust explosions. The safety code for the prevention of dust explosions in starch factories which was developed in cooperation with the industry 1ms proved very effective, and as the re sult of the adoption of methods of prevention there has been a marked reduction in starch dust explosion losses in recent years. One of the safety recommendations calls for ade quate venting of buildings and eontiecting galleries. The next two tests are designed to show Hie advantage of providing sufficient venting area to prevent flame propagation from one building to another. f^et ns assume that the room and In these tests grain elevator dust, the value of adequate venting to re tower are two units of a starch plant soap powder, starch dust, milk pow lieve the explosion in the primary connected by a clean, well ventilated der, baking powder, sugar dust, wood stage and prevent building up of gallery. In Xu. 1 a cloud of charcoal dust, wood dust and cork higher pressures, thereby preventing starch dust having a concentration of ilust will be used. The program in the explosion from propagating into about ti pounds per tUtT Frtbic font cludes 12 different explosion tests. the secondary stage. will be produced in the room and in NOVEMBER, 1932 99 the tower. There will he rio starch dust in the gallery and all doors and vents in the gallery will be wide open. The starch dust will be ignited by the electric coil in the room, where no out side vents are provided, and in order that the explosion may propagate from the room to the tower it will be necessary for tiame from the original starch dust ignition to jump Through the open space of approximately 20 feet, the entire length of the gallery. This test indicates that the primary ignition of starch dust can travel through an open space of considerable length and ignite dust in a nearby building and propagate into a dis astrous secondary explosion. Mow let us assume that we have the Hsme two units of a starch plant con nected by a well ventilated gallery. Dust has been spilled in the gallery. Ail the requirements for a disastrous explosion are present. We have the name dust cloud in the room and in the tower and the same ignition. Ad ditional venting has been provided in the room, and we find it impossible for the tiame to propagate to the dust cloud in the tower. Test 5--Milk Powder Dust Test No. 5 will be an explosion of milk powder in the room alone. The concentration in this ease will he about 7V-2 pounds per 100 cubic feet, and as in the soap powder test one opening with an area o 1% square feet will be used to release the ex plosion pressure. This test is being conducted to show the comparison be tween milk powder, soap powder, and later, sugar dust, under similar con ditions of testing. Test 6--Grain Dust - This test with grain eievatbfc"dust is for the purpose of showing the im portance of the proper location of vents in relation to the point of origin of the explosion. The 8 cups in the gallery will be filled with grain dust, providing a concentration of about 414 pounds per 100 cubic feet. The door leading from the room to gallery will be closed and the end of the gallery leading into the tower will be blocked. The ignition coil will be placed at the end of the gallery near the room. The gallery will be satisfactorily vented with a small opening having an area of 14 square foot located directly above the source of ignition. It will be observed from the pre vious tests that the slight venting area of jA square foot was effective in controlling the extent of the explo sion. Test 7---Grain Dust An attempt will now be made to vent an explosion of grain dust in the gallery through openings at the end opposite the source of ignition. Two openings having a total area of 2 square feet, or 4 times the amount in the previous test, will be used. Interior view of gallery showing dust cups, air jets, and ledges for "static" or settled dust to represent actual plant conditions. It will be observed that although a much larger venting area was pro vided, the fact that it was located a considerable distance away from the point of origin of the explosion con tributed to the extent of the explo sion. From these two tests with grain dust it can be concluded that there is a very dose and important rela tion between the location of the vent ing area and point of origin of the explosion. Test 8--Sugar Dust The conditions of test No. 8, in which sugar dust will be used, are similar to test No. 2 with soap powder and test No. 5 with milk powder. The concentration of dust is 814 pounds per 100 cubic feet. This high concentration is due to the fact that while the same enp loading is used sugar dust is heavier than any of the other dusts used in this demonstra tion. Test 9--Wood Charcoal Dust Wood charcoal dust, the next on our program, will be exploded in the gallery. The concentration will be :* pounds per 100 cubic feet and the ignition coil will be located near the room. Xo vents will be provided along the gallery, but the end will be wide open. Test 10--White Pine Wood Dust This test will be confined to the tower which in this ease will repre sent a storage bin. Eight cups in the tower will be tilled with white pine wood dust, giving a concentration of i pounds per 100 cubic feet. This is the lowest concentration of dust used in the demonstration. A 20-inch square vent will be provided in the roof. Electric ignition coil will be located at, the base of the tower'. This test will show the value of proper bin venting. Test 11--White Pine Wood Dust Conditions of this test will be similar to Test No. 10 except that adequate venting will not be pro vided. The cups in the tower will be tilled with white pine wood dust as before, but the tower roof vent will he cut down from 20 inches square to 4 inches square. This test will show the result of an explosion where proper venting methods are not provided. Test 12--Cork Dust In our final test, cork dust will be used to demonstrate the hazard in an unclean plant and the possibility of an explosion in one section stirring up a dust cloud in an adjoining unit. Special attention is called to the faet that no dust cloud is prepared iu the gallery. Dust is placed on the ledges and floor. A dust cloud in the room is ignited, and this explosion stirs up and ignites the dust in the gallery. The concentration of dust in the room is 4% pounds per 100 cubic feet, and the concentration in the gallery is estimated to be about the same. The only vent provided is at the end of the- gallery. By swallowing pulverized lead a worker in a storage battery factory in Berlin, Germany, tricked the insur ance department into paying him 2300 marks indemnity. When he did not regain his health h# was examined thoroughly and found that he had eaten lead. He confessed jp court and was sentenced to two months im prisonment. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Recording and Using Accident Data By W. P. ELSTUN* * The test of accident data is its usefulness. Select the salient facts and group these in significant tables. Then apply this information to the individual problems of the plant THE test, of the value of accident data lies in the serviceability of the facts recorded. To obtain this usefulness, simplification is essen tial. To compile data in a simple, understandable form we must realize that there are two classes of informa tion: 1. Essential information -- facts necessary for the successful completion of the work at hand. 2. Interesting but non-essential in formation. In compiling industrial accident data effort should be made to eliminate all non-essential facts. These tend to obscure the important features. In establishing a plan, the first step is to set up a routine so that the salient facts on each ease are reported. Each industrial organization has its particular job operations, which re quire special training. Each organi zation has individual problems from a safety standpoint with regard to design of tools and materials and plant layout. Moreover, the require ments as to information, on aceidents for the various states differ, and the state's requirements have to be co ordinated with your own in preparing the form on which the facts pertain ing to each accident are to be re corded. Reporting the salient facts with re spect to each case is only the founda tion of the machinery to be estab lished. Periodically summaries of the data which indicate significant trends are required. These summaries may be in the form of tables or presented as graphs. Here again, significant data for one industry might be use less for another. The best results can be obtained by the industrial organi- Department of Operation and Engineering. American Telephone & Telegraph Company, New York City. Abstract of a paper read before the Public Utilities Section, Twentyfirst Annual Safety Congress.) zation after a careful review of its own individual problems. The question next arises as to how these facts can best be used. Prob ably the quickest and surest way to ruin a well conceived plan is to utilize the data solely for disciplinary action. When an accident occurs in an industrial organization it is an indica tion that something has gone wrong with the efficient functioning of that organization. Often the cause is deeper than a superficial review will disclose but a careful study will bring thi^s cause to light. The accident data should be used to strengthen the weak spots: possibly a craftsman needs ad ditional training, there may be oppor tunity to improve the supervision, a modification of working practices may be in order, but the simple expedient of laying some one off usually will not correct these situations. The way to establish safety disci pline is in the day-to-day contacts on Figure 1. Proper toe ui ropes for temporary guys to bars in connection with pole dismantling operations. Figure 2. Standard lashings for at taching blocks to poles. the job, the constant and continuous training in the proper practices, not waiting for an accident to focus at tention on something that has prob ably been done wrong time after time. Penalizing measures after an accident too often are simply admissions of in efficient supervision. In the Bell System we have a num ber of classifications for accidents, established for the sake of uniformity in technical and operating terms. These are the classifications: 1. Lost-time accidents. Defined aa those accidents occurring in the course of employment which render the em ployee unable to perform any com pany work for one full working day or more. Disability assignment accidents. Those accidents occurring iu the course of employment which render the em ployee unable for one full working day or more to perform certain or all tasks of his regular occupational job that might be assigned under normal conditions, but which, on the other hand, permit him without loss of one fnll working day to perform other tasks. 3. No-diiBffflty accidents with and without expense. .* __ A report is made of every personal NOVEMBER, 1932 24 injury occurring in the coarse of em System accepts and meets this re tures which actually tended to ployment and this report is analyzed. The analysis is passed to the proper individual in the organization so that steps may be taken locally to prevent it recurrence of that particular type sponsibility. In addition to this local use of the accident data a copy of each lost time and disability assignment accident is 'l,nt to NVw York, where accident re up rather than to delay the 1"V, The crews engaged on this work o ere instrueted in the new practices. The unloading of poles from raii>ad cars was thus expedited without of accident. A Safe, Efficient Tie for GuyS from Splicer's Platform Figure 3. A convenient safe tie for use in attaching the rope guys from a splicers platform to a pole. views and studies are prepared for the use nf all. in this way an unu sual occurrence in one section of the country is made known to the plant forces in every other section so that on the particular type of work con cerned all may set up safeguards to prevent a recurrence. The progress made in the .accident prevention ef fort for the system as a whole is also made known to ail concerned through these reviews and studies. In a large organization like the Bell Telephone System, staff specialists are constantly engaged on develop ments and improvements. Whenever an accident report comes through the lines of organization that concerns the work of any one of these special ists, a copy of the report is routed to him so that he may study the situa tion to see whether any changes in design or practices would make the particular operation safer. When any tool, material or practice is being con accidents. Here is another typical case. A number of years ago we were having difficulties with -.plicers' furnaces, the maintenance was high and they were etmemied in too many accidents. The accident situation was brought to the attention of the development and research people working on this tool who at the time were concerned about the comparatively high maintenance cost, i believe that this is a condition which often occurs if you will search far enough; a particular tooi seems to be concerned in too many accidents and when that tool is carefully studied it is found that from the standpoinf of quantity or quality of production it is not so good either. The outcome of the study was that System representatives working with the manufacturers produced a furnace admirably suited to our needs. In structions on the care, use and mainte nance of splicers' furnaces were pre pared and each splicer and helper Supervision is charged with the responsibility for efficient production and in the Bell System management sidered for modification, the accidents which that particular tooi. material or practice was concerned, are reviewed instructed in the correct practices. Not only have accidents been elimi nated in this operation but we eau has set up three specific reouirements and stiudied with the idea of incor heat paraffin and .solder faster than for efficiency--quantity, quality and porating modifications which will before, maintenance costs on the fur freedom from accidents. Each re quirement must be met before any work is considered efficiently per formed. The occurrence o a personal injury in the course of employment is, therefore, a possible reflection on the supervision of that particular group, and' naturally the supervisory group concerned wants to know thi underlying cause to prevent a.repeti tion. Prom what I have seen and read, I think that occasionally there is some confusion as to just who is responsible for the analysis of accident cases. make the particular operations safer and. in consequence, more efficient. A few specific examples will show how this principle is applied. A few years ago the System acci dent data indicated that we were hav ing some difficulty in unloading poles from railroad cars. In collaboration with representatives of the Bell oper ating companies, the A. Tv & T. Gen eral Staff found that there were several approaches to this problem: 1. There could he an improvement made in the loading at the point of ship ment in order to insure a safer con naces have dropped and the new furnace provides much longer, re liable service than did the type previ ously used. In telephone work there is consid erable use made of ladders of various types. We use extension ladders, straight ladders, sectional ladders, step ladders, rolling ladders and a few of other types. The whole ladder sit uation was very carefully studied, specifications were prepared in col laboration with ladder manufacturers There is so much said and written dition of the load when received. about the investigation of accidents by committees of employees that we may lose sight of the fact that primar ily and fundamentally management, and management only, is responsible This matter was referred to represen tatives of the Western Electric Com pany who, collaborating with the trans-. portation companies and the suppliers, were able to materially improve the loadings so that they c.iflformed to for the analysis of all accident cases. Naturally, management should and the loading rules of the American Bailway Association. does ask certain employees from time to time to help in bringing to light the facts on a particular case but the, responsibility for developing a eourse of action rests solely with manage 2. The transportation companies cooper ated wholeheartedly in insuring that the loads were received in satisfac tory condition. 3. We modified our standard - practices for unloading poles from railroad cars, ment, and management in the Bell incorporating a number of safety fea NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS to insure a safe, high quality product particularly suited for telephone work, fn preparing the specifications we rnet, and because of certain peculi arities of our own work, sometimes exceeded the requirements of the lad der code of the American Standards Association and tlio.se of the slates, t Virefui inspections of ladders at the manufacturers' [slants were estab lished to insure that each ladder to i r dapped for use fully met the pre scribed requirements, Kfandard practices for the use, cure and maintenance of ladders were de veloped and each employee whose work involved the use of a ladder was given thorough training in tile stand ard practices. The result of this basic accident prevention work was that ac cidents in which ladders were con cerned have been materially reduced. Efficiency in the use of ladders has been increased. The accident data are also used as a guide in determining where a spe cial training is required and where special supervisory effort should be directed. For example, if the acci dent data show that the improper use of a, particular tool or the improper application of a practice is concerned in accidents, special review training is given on the proper use of that tool or on the right application of that practice. Supervision is advised to be on the alert to correct any misuse of the particular tool or any misapplica tion of the practice. I have not yet mentioned the use of accident data to stimulate friendly competition between companies, areas, divisions, districts and even crews. This use of the data is being made throughout the Bell Telephone Sys tem. Without question the placing of accident prevention on a competi tive basis has done much throughout the Bell Telephone Bvstem to stimu late and maintain the cooperative ef forts of the employees. Ft has been a beneficial undertaking, contributing materially to the reduction in acci dents. i want to mention, however, that this friendly competition must be carefully supervised if the best results are to be obtained. Competition may produce the feeling that the record rather than prevention is paramount. This is quite a natural consequence if too much emphasis is placed on the competition and not enough on the objective of preventing accidents. As a result, it may be found that there is an improved paper showing but that actually there has been little or no re duction in the number of accidents. This may occur by keeping men on file job who should be at home, by making jobs for injured men which are neither helping the man to full Figure 4. A safe convenient means of lashing a splicer's ladder to the sus pension stand. recovery nor producing for the com pany. Such procedures are not in the interest of efficient operation and should not occur if all understand the objective. Fn every phase of industrial activ ity it is necessary to set up an ob jective and then to outline the con secutive steps of procedure which in h given time will permit the reaching of that objective. The prevention of industrial accidents is no exception to this rule. In this planning of the activity for the future it is, of course, necessary to base the program on the recorded facts available and these facts are the accident data. Each and every feature of the industrial accident prevention activ ity should follow a coordinated well planned program. When the manage ment decides on the basis of recorded data that additional training on the use of a particular tool or practice is desirable, the standard tool of prac tice for the operation should already have been developed before the train ing is undertaken, supervisory atten tion should be directed to the use of that, tool or practice, the posters issued should cover the principal safety features of the operations and each phase of the activity should be car ried out on a well planned coordi nated basis. To illustrate what 1 have in mind, let me refer to a section of Beil Sys tem Practices on the I Ac, (are and Maintenance of Manila Rope and Blocks, In detail this section de scribes with profuse illustrations just how ropes and blocks are to be used in the various phases of telephone work. It gives information mi the care and maintenance of these tool items and covers the features to look for in connection with field inspec tions to insure safe ropes for use. 1 think from these outlines of the uses we make of accident data you will agree that they might he classi fied somewhat along these lines, 1. Administrative uses under \v h i < n might hp iududf'd tftp prngrrtnimmg, and tliP fiii'rkinsr the ;tp<id<nr pre vention activity as to progress, fusts, etc. 'J, Supervisory uses, iaviudirig tft<* deteetioa of weak spots m the organi/Htion's functioning with the ronsequeut application of remedial measures ueh as additional training, intensified supervisory effort, reassignments, etc, :*/. Developmental or Hngm**ering uses in connection with which past experience on. accidents is applied to the research work on tools, materials and practices. 4. Competitive uses whereby the. acci dent data are employed to engender and maintain the interest of all con cerned in accident prevention. Let, us look at the accomplishment from the whole coordinated accident prevention activity as indicated by the chart showing the trend of the accident frequency rates for the last ten years. To me this record reflects particular credit on the plant forces of the Bvstem which have so whole heartedly cooperated with manage ment. But let us not lose sight of the fact that certain factors beyond our control have undoubtedly con tributed to the accomplishment. Due to the restricted employment hrought about by the changed business con ditions there is today a skilled, ex perienced force working without the press of urgent rush .jobs. We are not now faced wirh the necessity of assimilating large numbers of new and unskilled employees. These factors, however, do not ac count for all the improvement made. In better placement of employees, more thorough training of the forces, improved supervision, better tools and equipment and in all of the other features whfSlVbasieaily make for a lessening of accidents thft-foundation has been laid for a continuance of safe industrial operations. NOVEMBER, 1932 26 Safety Essentials in Grinding Machinery By J. G. THOMPSON* * Every possible safeguard should be employed, if for no other reason than to maintain steady production Figure 1. Wheel guard on a cylin drical grinding machine. The cut away portion of the cover provides clearance for projections on some classes of work and allows safe grind ing at closer quarters. ONE of the most important re quirements of all grinding machines is safety of opera tion. If a machine is known or sus pected of being dangerous to operate, that machine will never be an efficient unit on the work for which it is de signed. The machine builder, therefore, should provide safety as well as a means of production. A safe operator is more confident and a better pro ducer. He can give all of his atten tion to the work at hand since he does not have to expend energy, physical or nervous, in avoiding danger from unguarded moving parts. It is good practice to employ every possible safe guard on machinery if for no other reason than to help toward sectoring steady production. The prevention of damage costs due to accidents,, is the basis of a paying investment ; and, too, the advantages realized by steady production outweigh the cost of pro viding safety. The first point to be guarded in a grinding machine is the wheel. Grind ing wheels- must be fully guarded to provide protection against rupture if operated at excessive speeds, to pre vent accidental contact, to guard against defects caused after the wheels leave the manufacturer and to guard against the unexpected emergency in so far as is hamanly possible. For instance, if a wheel is cracked in handling but the crack is so slight that it escapes notice, cen- Norton Company, Worcester, Maas, trifugal force will not fail to find this defect and cause the wheel to rup ture. Therefore, strong and well de signed guards are provided on every type of grinding machine. Wheel breakages do not commonly occur un der normal conditions, but are usually the result of careless treatment. Many types of wheel guards have been developed and used since the need for them was first recognized. In the beginning, they were usually east iron, cast steel, or a mixture of iron and steel. Modem practice**re quires that wheel guards be made of higher grade material such as boiler plate. An extremely simple and ef fective type of guard is made in one piece with a cover of similar mate rial. Examples of such guards as parts of machine designs are illus trated in Figures 1 and 2. Some wheel guards require means for car rying off dust and in Figure 3 is shown an exhaust connection which is designed for attachment to a suction pipe. An efficient exhaust system is an essential safety measure in dry grinding because the breathing of grinding dust is prevented. Machines designed to grind wet do not require exhaust systems because the grinding compound catches the particles caused by the grinding operation and washes them into a settling tank. Sometimes an operator will work in a dangerous manner without being aware of it, or he may even delib erately ignore such a condition. An illustration of this is in speeding grinding wheels beyond their de signed working speeds. This must be prevented by any means possible that will not interfere with- proper opera tion of a machine. For instance, on one make of high-speed grinding wheel stands there is "provision for changing the r.p.m. of the wheel as it grows smaller from wear, consisting of a three-step cone pulley on the spindle. See Figure 4. When the wheel is worn out, and is replaced by a new full size wheel, it is easy to forget about shifting the driv ing belt back to the step on the driv ing cone for a full sized wheel. To prevent this, a mechanism is incor porated in the machine which is con nected to the wheel guard in such a manner that when the guard is moved to various positions, depending on the size of the grinding wheels, certain rods and lingers (see Figure 5) oper ate to prevent the spindle driving belt whieh connects the motor in the base to the sheave on the wheel spin dle from being run on any but the correct step. With this arrangement, a workman cannot operate the spin- Kgur# 2. Wheelguard with over lapping cover otipP'Vinding wheel stand. The exposed portion of, the wheel allow, practically every shape'of work to be presented to the wheel while providing maximum protection. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS die at any but a safe maximum speed, thus avoiding danger from overspeed ing and at the same time precludes inefficiency from operating at too slow a speed. Precision grinding machines fre quently have provision for two speeds to the wheel spindle. Mechanical means of preventing operation of the wheel at the higher speed is not al ways provided, but the higher speed, however, while bordering on the dan ger line does not exceed this point. Operators of precision machinery usually understand the dangers of overspeeding the grinding wheel and avoid doing this for their own protec tion. The different grinding action noticeable when overspeeding the wheei warns him that he must slow his wheel down to standard speed. Under certain machine conditions, special wheels can be obtained for operation at higher speeds. These conditions must satisfy well estab lished safety requirements with re spect to the ability of the machine to run at faster speeds and the type of wheei guard used. The use, care, and protection of grinding wheels is an extensive subject quite apart from safety pre figure 3. Overlapping boiler-plate wheel guard and cover with efficient exhaust system provide protection against wheel breakage and grinding dust. visions in general. For complete details about safe wheei guards, mountings, care and use, the reader is referred to the "Safety Code" ap proved by American Standards Asso ciation. A copy of the code can be obtained from any grinding wheei manufacturer. The guarding of other moving parts of a grinding machine may he "onddered secondary to guarding the wheel, but it is only because of lower speeds that the danger may he con sidered as somewhat less in degree. Smooth surfaces should predominate with no moving parts exposed. Such design readily lends itself to cleanli ness as well as safety. The safe shop is a clean shop and a machine of the type illustrated possesses both char acteristics to a high degree. Elec- Figure 4. The three-*tep sheave pul ley can be shifted for different speeds only when die size of the grinding wheel allows. In this construction the position of driving belt relative to the machine is always the same. trical connections, which are a source of possible danger, are adequately protected with substantial armored cables to eliminate the possibility of exposing live wires whereby injury may be eaused any one touching them accidentally, or damage eaused to electrical apparatus. There are other features providing for safe operation and prevention of accidents while the machine is doing its regular work. Although the grind ing wheel is fully guarded by a sub stantial steel guard, the wheel has also been tested at speeds far in ex cess of working speeds in order to eliminate the possibility of breaking from centrifugal force. A portion, of the wheel, however, must be exposed to grind work presented to it and in offhand grinding machines the work itself and also the work rest aet as guards. Grinding machines so de signed that in addition to the work, some part of the machine is inter posed between the wheel and the operator which afford an added safety measure. Another feature of safety in opera- Fi'gure 5. Speed control to prevent overspeeding as well as underspeeding of the grinding wheel. The linkage shown here controls the position of the sheave pulley shown in Figure 4. fion is the use of safety fable 'logs, it will be noted in Figure b that there are four table dogs. Only two of them actually are required to engage with the table traverse reversing lever which is in the center of the machine. The other two are outside of and ad jacent to the regular reversing dogs and are provided to prevent the tabie from over-running its predetermined length of travel. Should the revers ing lever fail to engage with the regu lar dog, as it can be made to do sim ply by raising the engaging pin in the reversing lever, the safety dogs will prevent the table from moving beyond a safe limit. The consequences of failing to reverse the table at the proper point would result in either the headstoek, footstock, or part of the work striking the wheel and caus ing serious damage. The safety dogs add to the operator's confidence and make him a better producer because they add to his safety. Sometimes it is desirable to move the table momentarily beyond the limits set by the operating dogs; but without disturbing the set-up. This is done by raising the pin in the revers ing lever, allowing it to pass over the operating dogs and engaging with the safety dogs. An instance is wheu truing the grinding wheel. in this case, the right safety dog is moved a short distance as indicated in Figure 7 to provide extra table traverse while the diamond is in contact with the wheel. The well trained operator always moves the safety dog back to safe position after the truing opera tion. ^ Moisture or grinding compound is usually associated with precision grinding operations and this moisture NOVEMBER, 1932 Figure 6. Safety dog* located outside of and adjacent to the table traverse reversing dogs maice it impossible for the table to over-run its predetermined length of travel. Figure 7. When truing the grinding wheel with the footstocfc type of diamond tool holder, the safety dog is moved a short distance to the right. The operating dog need not be disturbed because the engaging pin in the reversing iever can be lifted over it. must be controlled so it will not wet the operator's clothes and his sur roundings. Whatever the results may be from wearing wet clothing, it cer tainly is not comfortable and guards are, therefore, provided to catch the dying spray and confine the com pound to restricted paths so it will serve its purpose efficiently. This also is a safety measure although the danger is ordinarily considered as being of a minor nature. The opera tor's comfort and convenience, how ever, have a definite bearing on safety. The reliability of a grinding ma chine is a safeguard, and is estab lished by faithful performance of its functions over and over again with out. variation. The operator becomes accustomed to this unvarying per formance and automatically expects it to continue. Once a safe routine is established, it can be followed in security as long as the same condi tions exist. If any mechanism failed to respond in the accustomed manner, a dangerous condition would be created immediately because of pos sible interference with the high-speed grinding wheel. Highest quality en gineering ability and material, there fore, enter into the construction of a grinding machine to insure not only production, but permanent safe opera tion. The President'll Annual Address (Continued from page 12) trophe, are often intensely dramatic, but the work of prevention involves much tedious detail. The public is horrified hv an atrocious crime or a disaster, but some new sensation ap pears in the headlines and the shock is forgotten. Statistics are just so many figures to the average person and the announcement that one hun dred thousand people meet violent death in a year arouses little or no feeling. No person realizes that he bears any share of the responsibility. Vast sums have been contributed to research for the control of various diseases, such as tuberculosis, heart disease and eaneer. Yet accidents, al though ranking high among the causes of death, have received comparatively little attention from the great bene factors of mankind. Their elimina tion demands the correlated efforts of the engineer, the physician-and the psychologist, but the necessary sup port has not been forthcoming. Yet in spite of limited resources the Na tional Safety Council has many ac complishments to its credit. It has aroused American industry to a sense of its responsibility for the protection of its workers, and its influence is not confined to the membership of the Council. It has also awakened the press of the Nation and many publie spirited organizations to the serious ness of the accident problem. And I need not tell you that our Council has a world-wide reputation for dis interested service to humanity. The Council has been encouraged by the continued support and expres sions of confidence from our leading industries. Industrial leaders realize that accident prevention cannot be dropped in hard times and picked up when prosperity returns. Not only is the momentum of an effective organ ization lost but the workers cannot be expected to have confidence in a fair weather program. I am confident that organized safety work will be more necessary than ever during the next few years. We must not be eaught unprepared when the demand for production is heard again. The men who return to work after long periods of involun tary idleness will be in the same posi tion as new workers, perhaps even more susceptible to accident than the youth fresh from school or the farm. Will the equipment be in condition to meet the demands placed upon it without endangering the workers? Will there be adequate supervision and training? Our streets and highways will be busier than ever and crowded with vehicles capable of even greater speeds than most of these now operat ing. In every linJtJfhuman activity there will be increased opportunities for the safety movement. We must be prepared. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Avoiding Accidents with Portable Electric Tools By H. G. SMITH * MV KI'B.JECT may he divided into two parts, safe operation, and safe maintenance: and the phase of safe operation should be discussed under two classifications, mechanical and electrical. By mechanical safety points 1 mean those suggested aside from any direct contact with the electrical features. Since the tool is portable, it can be taken almost anywhere, even remote from power sources by the use of ex tension cords; and for that reason it is possible for operators to get into awkward and sometimes hazardous position in using the tool. For instance, an operator may hold by one hand to some precarious sup port, and then, in putting pressure on the tool, suddenly have it break through, causing him to be thrown off balance and lose his hold, it is al ways well for the operator to be sure of his footing, sure that he will not be thrown off balance by the toot breaking through and also by it stick ing and causing the torque of the tool to throw him. In operating the larger tools on scaffoldings, the operator should be given a sound platform to stand on. The general trend is toward equip ping the larger tools with so-called "safety switches," so that removal of the tiuger from the trigger of the switch will shut off the power at once. The electric cord attached to the tool should be kept straight and dear of the operator so that he does not become entangled in it. He should al ways try to place himself so that in ease the tool slips or he should drop it, it will not fall upon him with possible injury. In considering the electrical fea tures, the two outstanding things that can happen are burns due to some part of the electrical circuit of the tool flashing Are, and electrical shock The Black and Decker Manufacturing Co.. Towson, Maryland. < Abstract of an address before the Madison County Safety Council.) NOVEMBER, 1932 * Portable tools lack many of the safeguards of per manent electrical installations but these suggestions will be helpful in making their operation safer due to grounding of the motor or the electrical system to the metallic part of the tool. Another danger point is the use of these tools where there is a consider able quantity of flammable or explo There are no means for eliminating the possibility of an electric tool caus ing a flame, hut the operator "an quickly sense this condition and set away from the tool. The motors in portable electric tools have been much Dravtfn by R 8, Ramey, The Black & DecKer Alfsr. Co. Diagram of portable electrical drill showing method of grounding. sive gases. I know of no cases of ex plosions from this cause, but perhaps the right conditions were not present. The motors in portable tools arc a certain amount at the brushes and the switch, and this would set off the right mixture, especially in a confined area. There is, however, little danger in the ordinary garage or factory. improved over those of earlier days, so that the chances of short circuits and tires are greatly reduced. The tendency for the windings on motors in pomb^e electric tools to ground is therefore much less than it used to be. but there is afwtys this possibility as long as there is voltage in the tool. The current will try to 30 get to the ground, just as water tries to reach the lowest level. There is, however, an effective means for pre venting this grounding. This is the addition of a wire to the two power wires in the tool to allow the current, if the windings become grounded, to flow to ground along this extra wire instead of by the body of the operator. The ground wire is per manently attached to a part of the casting, and at the plug end of the electric cord this wire is brought out so that it can he attached to some permanent grounding medium. Some times this is taken care of through the electrical circuit by means of a threepole attachment plug, one pole being for the ground connection which makes contact through the conduit in which the wires are located. Make Ground Connection First With this grounding means avail able, the ground connection should be definitely made before the tool is placed in operation; otherwise the operator is very careless or his em ployer is very lax on supervision. Conditions might be such that, with out such a ground, the operator could be killed almost instantly; and a hu man life is a dear price to pay for failure to properly ground the tool. The possibility of death from elec tric shock is not dependent entirely upon the size of the motor nor the voltage in the power line. It is de pendent upon the resistance of the human body, which varies greatly among individuals, and upon the con ditions under'which a person is work ing. A man might be killed with a low voltage because he is standing in water or because he is wet l,w|S" per spiration. Even with the toof$*operiy grounded, it would be foolhardy for anyone to operate it while standing in water. Let me quote from an article pub lished by the Bureau of Standards a few years ago: "Accidents and deaths from elec trical shock involving ordinary light ing or appliance circuits continue to happen. When compared to the toll of casualties from many other causes, such as automobiles, fires, falls, etc,, fatalities from iow voltage electrical shock are relatively few. This cause of accident, however, is always pres ent and results in a number of fatali ties each year. A study of the condi tions that make such accidents pos sible will be of use in avoiding them. "The seriousness of .shock depends upon the current and the part of the body through which it passes, rather than directly upon the voltage of the circuit.. A current as small as 0.1 ampere, if it passes through a vital part, especially the chest, gen erally causes a serious nervous disor ganization or death. Involuntarily, muscular contraction of the parts of the body affected may be expected from currents from 0.0005 to 0.020 ampere, and currents above these values are generally considered un safe. "The resistance of the body from hand to hand or hand to foot with wet contacts may be as low as 500 ohms. In the case of accidental con nections with the skin dry or partially dry, this resistance is usually from 5,000 to 50,000 ohms. "Ohm's law states that the current in a circuit is equal to the voltage of the circuit divided by the resistance (or impedance). Consequently, severe shock may result from potentials as iow as 25 volts when connections are the best, involving large areas of wet skin in contact with the circuit so that the resistance is low. The effect of alternating current of commercial frequency may be more severe than direct current when both have the same effective voltage. This may re sult from a higher instantaneous value of current in the case of alter nating current, the ratio of effective value to maximum instantaneous value being approximately 1 to 1.4. "In addition to moist skin, due to natural perspiration or to surround ing dampness, a second condition is usually present in the ease of fatal low-voitage shock. An involuntary muscular contraction follows instantly when a person makes eontaet with a circuit. If this muscular contraction results in freeing the person from the circuit, the brief interval of eon taet will be more apt to result in nervous shock than death.. However,, if this involuntary muscular contrac tion results in dosing the hand more tightly on the `live5 wire or object, or throws the person on*a wet floor or against a grounded metallic object in such position as to remain in con tact with the `live' wire, he will be unable to save himself." The windings of a motor may ground, even though given every pos sible test, because other conditions may cause the insulation to weaken. There is smaller chance of the ground ing of tools if they are kept clean and dry. i'assing, then, to consideration of maintenance. I wish to point out that the portable electric tool, if properly maintained, will give much better per formance and remain efficient for a very much longer period. The motor should be kept dean to prevent possibility of the windings grounding, and also to allow' the cool ing air to pass through it properly, thus preventing overheating and burning out. The carbon brushes which carry current to the rotating armature will wear away, but if the tools are given periodic inspection the condition of the brushes ean be noted; they should be replaced before they have worn down to a point where the spring back of the brushes can no longer exert pressure, or where, as in the ease of the spiral type spring, they are almost in contact with the commutator. This will prevent undue burning of the commutator and possible expen sive repairs. The switch which makes and breaks the electrical circuit is subject to burning of the contacts, be cause of the are that is created. But this burning will be prevented by keeping the contacts dean and the moving parts of the switch function ing properly. Inspect Ail Cords Carefully The electric cords used on portable electric tools are especially made to stand considerable rough usage, but after a time there is possibility of the wires breaking. Keeping the cord free of kinks and knots and prevent ing heavy objects from failing on or being carted over the cord will make it last much longer. The cord should be carefully in spected along with other parts of the deetrieal system, because a break in one of the power wires will not only throw the tool out of commission but may also cause the operator a serious burn. The breaking of the ground wire will nullify the provision that has carefully been carried out in mak ing the ground connections properly. It is, therefore, just as essential to see. that the ground wire is not broken somewhere in the,cord as it is to see that the ground connection is prop erly made befflfg" dosing the switch on the tool. The motor bearings should be kept (Please turn to page 38) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 31 Give Them Help--Not Orders By W. DEAN KEEFER DEAR BILL: Sure, I've recovered from die Safety Congress! And furthermore, I'm beginning to see results. I wrote my report for the boss, and after he read it. he called me in to discuss if. Then he sent for our chief engineer and we care fully went over the mill data that the speaker presented in his paper. Both of them were pretty favorably impressed, and I wouldn't be sur prised if we try out that new plan in our own operations. I'm certainly pushing it from a safety standpoint, and it should be a big money-saver, too. Of course, there were other things as well--and all together I'm here to tell you it pays to write reports for the "(t. M." ou trips such as this. The whole thing was a big success, wasn't it, Bill? From all the good things you say about it, I guess no one will have to coax you into going to the next Safety Congress. Let's see! In my last letter I was talking about safety education, wasn't If I fully expected to sit down with you at the Congress and discuss the rest of this subject verbally, but since we just didn't get to it, I suppose I'll * The wise safety man will guide and assist foremen but leave orders for the superintendent, says Shorty have to write some of it in a eoupie of more letters. "Educating operating executives'' was to be the next "big idea." The plant superintendent, his assistants, and the foremen! Much that I said about educating the president and general manager applies with equal force concerning the operating men. Let's first list a few of the gen eralities in this connection which may be worth remembering. 1. Ton must get the foremen and other supervisors to make accident prevention an integral part of their jobs. Ton can't possibly take this responsibility off their shoulders. You must guide and assist them--but not, issue orders. Orders should come to them from the plant superintendent only. 2. By the same token, they and not you should get the credit for good safety records which they make in their departments. L You must advise with them in dividually and collectively- but never give them the impression that, you think you know it all. If you hit on something new, assume they already know all about it and try to get over the idea that you are simply recalling it to their minds. 4. Don't go directly to any worker on anything of departmental impor tance unless accompanied by or upon request of that man's foreman. 5. Don't let the foremen ever get the idea that you spy on them or tat tle to the "Super" or "0. M." Be fore reporting a foreman, give him a chance to come through on his own hook. Your best results with fore men will be secured through coopera tion--not by swinging the big stick. Now, after re-'ding those generali ties, you no doubt want something practical. All right! Let me tell you how some safety men I know work it. If you want to. you might follow their lead and organize a general safety committee including sueh men as the manager, superintendent, chief engi neer, master mechanic, safety direc tor, purchasing agent, employment manager, company physician, one or more foremen, and one or more work ers. The chairman of the committee usually is the member who holds the position of highest authority--and you as safety director should serve as secretary. One object in organizing this committee, of course, is to edu cate the members in accident preven tion. but the .group must have spe cific responsibilities or the men will soon lose interest. Among other things, this committee should: 1. Determine stands for guarding ma chinery and equipment. 'J, Help to formulate safety rules. 3. Investigate accidents. 4. Review-safety suggestions and recom mendations decide upon their practicability. There are some safety men who prefer to have all foremen as members NOVEMBER, 1932 of this committee so they will all re ceive equal benefits. Knowing your company as 1 do, 1 should advise you to follow that plan, and if you can work it so this group won't be called a "safety committee." all the better. you if for no other reason than sim ply to keep their departments away from the bottom of the list on your `unrest reports. 1 won > try to tell you all about contests, iusr dig out pamphlet I'd suggest, Bill, that you do the same thing. !n addition to these things, you should consider the advisability of sending copies of the NationAt* Safety News to the home address of each foreman--or sending selected foremen to next year's -Safety Con gress--and of handing Safe Practices Pamphlets to different foremen for study and reference. There probably are many other good ideas for educating foremen and supervisors which I've forgotten to mention--but don't let anyone kid you into thinking that this isn't im portant. In many respects, it's the most important phase, because the rpcord of a whole department depends to a great extent upon the foreman's attitude toward safety, ff he is in different. his men will he indifferent. On the other hand, if he is earnest and sincere in doing everything pos sible to prevent accidents, the men will follow his lead and do their best to avoid injury and to prevent in juries to others, too. Regards to you and Jane. Yours, Don't let the foremen get the idea that you spy on them and tattle to the bon. SHORTY. In one plant near Chicago, the boss makes it a practice to call all these men together once a week for a ` ` pro duction meeting,5' and half of the time of each meeting is devoted to accident prevention. That's really making safety an integral part of the, plant operation. Next to this committee or-pfoduction meeting plan. I'd say'j&hl;'an inter-departmental safety cdSSf; is one of the best result-getters ytta 'an think of. I 've heard some fellows go so far as to say, "If I were limited to one activity by my boss, I'd abandon everything else and continue our inter-departmental safety contest." First, of course, you've got to de velop a set of contest rules that satisfy the foremen and at the same time give each department an equal chance of winning. Then you've got to per fect some method so you can let every one know just where each department stands. This ought to be done oncea mpnth,, or once-.-* "week--or even every day. After you get started, you 11 find it easier to sell your hardboiled foremen. They'll work with No. 74 from the set of Safe Practices Pamphlets and you'll find that ex plains the whole business. Just within the past few years, safety men have come to realize that in asking foremen to take full re sponsibility for accidents which occur to their men, they were passing the buck to the foremen without giving them a real background of facts and figures which they must have if they are to be successful in their accident prevention work; In other words, there has been a long, felt need for specific material which can be used not only to give foremen a better knowledge of the fundamental prin ciples of accident prevention, but also to instruct or remind them of the' definite things they must do to pre vent accidents. This need* has now at least partially been filled by the Council's series of booklets called "Safety in Foremamhip." They have been prepared for use primarily through meetings of the conference type. They are being used by a lot of safety men who report excellent results. I'm going to' start using them after the first of the year, and Lightning Protection for an Office Building AN unusual type of lightning pro tection is utilized in the recently completed 26-story Lincoln-Liberty Building, Philadelphia, housing on its lower -eight -floors the new John Wanamaker men's store. Upper floors are used as office space. The building is 474 feet high, and is the tallest in the city aside from the City Hall Tower. The tower of the structure, contain ing a huge 17-ton bell, is topped by a lead-coated copper cap, covering ap proximately 1200 square feet and weighing 1500 pounds. The cap is connected to eight of the steel col umns of the building by heavy copper cables welded to the columns. The columns are insulated by concrete firepre `bag. At their base, 65 to 85 feet below the sidewalk and far below the water level, each, of the columns is grounded by another copper cable bolted and-soldered to a 300-squarefoot sheet of copper* imbedded in the rock. Lightning is thus carried* down to the copper sheet and dissipated harmlessly through the rock strata. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS PUT M-S-A HOSE MASKS On Your Safety Program! UNDREDS of men have been suffocated and H many lives have been lost because workmen, unknowingly, have entered Put M-S-A Hose Masks on Your Safety Program. These masks, which are available in five distinct types, are designed to pro dangerous atmospheres without proper tect men in any atmosphere the flesh respiratory protection. can stand. They furnish the wearer Normal air, which we breathe, with pure, fresh air drawn from out contains approximately 21% Oxygen side the danger zone and entirely in and 79% Nitrogen. When the Ox dependent of the atmosphere where ygen content of any atmosphere, for they must enter and work. any reason, falls below 16M%, it These masks are particularly appli becomes hazardous to remain in it cable for men who enter and work in for any great length of time without Tank Cars, Tanks, Vats, Pits, Shipholds, proper respiratory protection. The Sewers, etc., where dangerous atmos same is also true in atmospheres con pheres are likely to be encountered. taining high concentrations of poi We have prepared an eight-page sonous gases or of inert gases which booklet descriptive of these masks . . . may produce an oxygen deficiency. Ask for Bulletin No. 66 Write for Free Copies. --...... ....................................................... ^Afine Safety fejrsg.)Appliances Ca NOVEMBER, 1932 Braddock, Thomas and Meade Sis., Pittsburgh, Pa. "EVERYTHING for MINE and INDUSTRIAL SAFETY' The Eyes Behind the Windshield By ALVHH R. LAUER, Ph. D* * A blind man cannot operate a motor vehicle and a driver with seriously impaired vision is an increased accident risk THE importance of good vision to safe driving can hardly be over emphasized. It seems that one can drive without the aid of most any other organ excepting eyes. Men with out arms have been known to operate motor vehicles successfully by means of mechanical devices used as substi tutes. It is very common for a per son with one leg to drive a car. Almost as frequently persons with both legs partially paralyzed are found oper ating cars. It is true that such drivers are an accident hazard unless they compensate by being extremely careful. However, they do drive and have relatively little trouble. There is no compensation for the absence of vision. A man without eyes simply cannot drive. It is rea sonable that impaired vision will de crease driving efficiency and this fact is quite generally recognized. How ever, the problems of vision are much more complex than the average person realizes. The layman is likely to con sider visual disturbances as being too simple. They think only in terms of near-sightedness or myopia, and far sightedness or hyperopia. In a few eases perhaps astigmatism may be added to the List without any clear idea of what it is like. A few realize that color-blindness exists but it is hard to convince some persons that their vision is different from that of anyone else. Recently, while examin ing drivers, an elderly gentleman went through our clinic. He was color-blind. The man was asked to read the numbers of the Ishihara test. In the latter, a color-blind person sees one number while one with normal vision sees another. He read the num bers characteristic of a color-blind person, 5. 21, etc. His wife stood by in awe and presently chided him for not naming the numbers correctly. The examiner explained that her hus band could not see the numbers she Associate Professor of Psychology, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. saw because he was color-blind. She replied, "lie is not. He is just con trary like he always is when away from home." And continuing site said to him, "John, you dumb-bell what will these people think of you? You know that isn't 21 but 74." But John couldn't see the 74 which fur ther tried her patience. This incident is typical of how incredible many per sons are on matters of vision or other personal idiosyncrasies. If others do not see what they see, or react as they react, it is merely a mental condition. They do not appreciate individual dif ferences. Specialists in Eye Treatment Physicians are fully aware of the possible anomalies of vision, but the significance of these conditions is not always appreciated. The average older physician is not trained in psy chology and consequently is a lay man in this respect. His treatment of phychological and visual problems is often little better than the unedu cated woman ' concept of color-blind ness. Because he may not be trained along such lines, he sees no great im portance in them. He understands diseases but not their relation to human behavior The woman men tioned above understands the general facts of color but in the same wav fails to appreciate their effect on dif-. ferent persons. The field of science is so broad that it is quite impossible for any one individual to comprehend and put into practice the best possible solution to all problems. That is why this era is fast becoming known as an age of specialization. Treatment and care of the eye, whether for visual de fects or disease, can not be exempted from this category. For convenience of those who may be interested in studies of vision a data sheet used in our studies of vis ual defects is reproduced here. The form is by no means as comprehensive as it might be but it does cover in a general way the types of anomalies which are associated with accidentprolioness, This form was outlined by f >r. V. V, Kirby, president ot the Iowa Association of Optometrists, it was modified in certain respects to tit our needs. Suggestions were also made by Hr. Arthur P. Wheeloek, sec retary of the same organization. There are three groups of men who are concerned with correcting visual errors. The first group, opticians, are not authorized by law to make eye examinations. Their sole function is to till the prescriptions of optometrists and oculists. The second group of professional men are known as optometrists. They complete from three to four years aca demic training in representative schools and many of them go to Europe for higher studies of applied optics. Vision and refraction of eyes is their specialty in the same way that teeth are the object of specialization by dentists. They number some 20.000 men and women in the United States who represent one of the recognized professional groups. Dr. Charles ShearcLof the Mayo Clinic of Roches ter, Minnesota, is one of the outstand ing authorities in this field. Ur. Ed win H. Silver of Washington, D. C.. is another man of high standing in the profession. Optometrists, as a profession, do not use "drops" or mydriaties in the eye when correcting refractive errors. Their theory is that the eye can be fitted best when in its normal state. Only a few of these men have medical degrees and consequently do verylittle surgical work as a profession. Pathological eases are referred to the oculists or the physician who has majored in optics. The oculist or opthalmologist is a medical man who has specialized in diseases of the eye. There are various opinions among this group but on the whole they favor artificial dilation of the eye when fitting glasses. Surgical specialists of thjjsgjoup remove catar acts, treat glaucoma, enucleate and **xcise eyes, and perform hundreds of surgieal operations in addition to the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS NOVEMBER, 1932 MERCUROCHROME IN 1R VEN the smallest scratch may cause infection. MERCUROCHROME is well known throughout industry and is constantly used as a general antiseptic IN FIRST AID. Prompt care of all injuries, however small, is essential in eliminating infection. Remember that in more serf ous injuries even the most compet||nt layman is not justified in assuming the response bilities that rightly belong to the physician. The Coupon will bring you a free applicator bottle. HYNSON, WESTCOTT and DUNNING, INCORPORATED BALTIMORE, MARYLAND HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING. Inc. Dept. &, Baltimore, Md. Gentlemen: Please send me free Meccarochrorae Ap plicator Bottle for personal use. Name ............... ..................... .............. Company .................................. ............................................. 36 no. i CONDITION OF VISION * Research Blank) Vision varies with the physical condition. This examination is indicative but not final, if any disturbance is noted you should have- it <*nrre.'ted as a protection to your eyes. Name .............. .............................................. , Date Address ..................................... ..................... I)o you wear glasses? Ves.............. No Acuity Vision (Right eye ............................. Without J Left eye ............................ .. Vision f8`gM eye With Left eye Glasses [Both eyes ................................. ` Passes I Both evos 1. Orphtophorie 2. Exophoria 3. Esophoria 4. R. Hyperphoria 5. L. Hyperphoria 6. Strabismus MUSCULAR CONDITION OF EYES < Perfect binocular fixation)............................................................... .. (Tendency eyes to turn out)......................................................... .. t Tendency eyes to turn in ,....... .................................. o............... (Tendency B. eye to turn outl....................................... .o............. .. (Tendency L. eye to turn out).......................................... a,..,.,------ ' Actual turning of eyes j In........ out.........up.... .down------- Field of Vision Bight eye.................. degrees. Left eye.......................degrees. Total....................iegrees. (Should be IsO degrees. Some have 195 degrees or more.) Ishihara Test. Color Vision Number j-Tat 2ST"l6r45|547| 62| 76! 85[ 9711001200132814421 Observed j~"~l i~~~i j \ T i t i i 1 1 Other Anomalies or Defects Cheiroseopic tests ........................................... Dominating eye........ Bight..........Left. .......................... ................. Muscles. Bight........ Left. Glare index ..................................... ...Other Anomalies .......................................... Astigmatic index--In........................................Oat............................................................. tClaaon lines) customary practice of fitting glasses. Of course it is to be understood that not all specialize in surgery. When ocular attention is needed one should understand that there are. differences in types of services rendered. Either the oculist or optometrist has profes sional standing and the choice of serv ices is more or less a matter of prefer ence or need. Both have strong points in their training and practice as was suggested. It is needless to say that there is some jealousy between the two groups, and satisfied clients are a better criterion of their relative merits than any opinions expressed within a profession. There is greater coopera tion between the groups now than ever before. Some oculists employ optometrists to do refraction for them, while optometrists refer patho logical and surgieal cases to the ocu list. These paragraphs have been in serted for the information of execu tives and safety men who may wish to secure ?ffieient services for a plant. Recognition of such differences should be of value when selecting men for conducting the regular examinations of applicants and the periodic exam inations made during the employment period. Perhaps several part-time specialists would be of more value than one full-time general practi tioner Dangerous Defects Many visual defects have been found to be associated with automo bile accidents. Some of these were not considered important by earlier investigators in the field. Others which were thought to be most im portant have been found to be more or less unrelated to highway accidentproneness. One of the most trouble some conditions is inequality of the acuity of the two eyes. This condi tion causes not only a decided strain on the driver but, because of such, ocular dominance is likely to result. In this ease, the non-dominant eye is much less likely to respond to stimuli in the environment. For all practical purposes of driving the person has vision in only one eye. Perception of space is strongly de pendent upon binocular vision. Proper evaluation of the distance <>f an approaching car is of primary im portance to safe driving. Perception of movement is also closely related to the acuity of vision since it is a result of successive stimulations of different areas on the retina. It is said that in former times Indians would lie on the back and look out of the corner of the eye to get slight movements of the bushes in the periphery of vision. In this way they could detect the pres ence of an enemy much sooner than by looking directly at the foliage which concealed the intruder. There may be a different explanation of this fact than is ordinarily given. Form cannot he discriminated well in the periphery of vision. Being dulled to many aspects of the stimulus, move ment becomes more noticeable by com parison in this region of the retina. It is merely a question of rivalry of certain aspects of the stimulus and hence becomes a psychological prob lem. However this relationship may bp, the need for good space and distance discrimination is necessary to safe driving. When one eye is amblyopic this ability is cut down decidedly; at least the normal cues for such dis criminations are eliminated and greater concentration of the driver is needed. Use of special stereoscope slides will usually show up this de fect. Another defect which we have found to be associated with accidents is a narrowed field of vision. The average person can see movement over approximately 180" through a halfcircle directly in front of him and ex tending from the extreme left to the extreme right or vice versa. Many with restricted vision do not see move ment over more than 80 to 100, Ex treme cases known as "tubular vis ion" are limited to not more than from 10" to 20. This defect is related to acuity. If a person has normal vision be has but about 20 per cent acuity at an angle of 5 to 8 to one side, if he has less than normal vision in the mocular field it seems this will auto matically limit relative acuity tq even a smaller area. We have data on 730 drivers now and more evidence will be available on this point later. The critical limit of visjaXaeuity is also being studied. Astigmatism, of course, is a type of (Please turn to page 66) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Why !4 Of A Million Workers Will Receive the 1933 Safety Calendar 1. Because the Annual Safety Calendar has definite ly proved that its safety educational value is worth many times the investment. Even this year it comes in the category of an "econ omy measure" that is well worth practicing. 2. Because the 1933 Safety Calendar interprets in picture the "Progress of Safety." It makes clear the meaning of SAFETY and shows it not to be the "brain storm" of "uplifters" but basic ally a social movement for the happiness, comfort and welfare of everyone. No progress has been made in any mechanical or transportation field where safety has not been considered. 3. Because of the 126 illustrated practical Household Safety Hints for the advancement of home safety. Never before has such an accumulation of home hazards --thecommoncausesofhomeaccidents--been presented. 4. Because the 12 beautiful oil paintings by the country's leading artists have made this 1933 Safety Calendar the most attractive ever created. Each painting has been reproduced in full color. All the richness and harmony have been retained. 5. Because of the beauty and strength in which Mr. W. P. Welsh, recognized allegorical artist, has in terpreted in the January illustration, his conception of the whole safety movement.. This impelling frontispiece commands thoughtful consideration, which leaves one with a fuller under standing of what safety really is. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL--20 N. WACKER DRIVE--CHICAGO SPECIAL NOTICE; On or About NOVEMBER 20TH is the Deadline, Date for Ordering Calendars for Christmas Distribution---Send Your Order Now! mm,; c-- NOVEMBER, 1932 accidentally and shoot the bottom our, "DON'T shoot your gun after fall ing. climbing a bank, or walking ever newly plowed ground until you have -xamined the barrel and find it clear. "DON'T let your gun muzzle point toward water for, if the gun is fired with muzzle under wafer, it will ex plode in most eases, "DON'T shoot at movement--it may be a man, cow or other livestock. Besides, every sportsman not only wants 10 see his game, but hit it in a viral spot. "DON'T shoot at game until alter you have assured yourself that no ofhpr living creature, house, barn or other such property is in the line of tire." Portable Electrical Tools (Continued from page HO) clean and sufficiently lubricated. If the bearings wear excessively they allow the rotating part of the motor to rub on the stationary part and cause considerable damage. A small amount of lubrication on the hearings When the Hunters is, of course, better than none at all, and also better than too much; ex cessive grease or oil will get on the motor and cause burning and possible Invade the Woods grounding. The gear train of the portable elec tric tool is made up of gears of special Negligence in handling firearms is the cause of many casualties each year alloy steels, heat treated, and these are mounted on spindles which rotate in bearings. These gears, because of their hardness, generally wear very WITH the opening of several shooting at movement without seeing little, provided grease is kept in the hunting seasons and with others clearly; and firing at game without gear housing. Periodic inspection of to open shortly when some 7,000,0l0o0oking beyond it in the line of lire. this housing, and replenishing of hunters will, go afield in pursuit of "DON'T carry your gun put to lubricant when necessary, will mean their favorite game, the need of care gether in automobiles; wagons, etc.; that the gears and bearings will last and attention to prevent accidents is it's the 'unloaded' gun here that indefinitely and not become noisy. vital. The American Game Ajwocia- shoots, too! Many states have laws If the gears or bearings wear, the tion oi Washington, D. ., has issued against carrying uncased guns in tool's efficiency is greatly reduced. a list of "Life Saving Cautions" in automobiles. It may be considered that the tool the hope that the large number of ac `'DON'T shoot your gun, after put holder or chuck is an item needing cidents, when hundreds of people are ting it together, until yon have looked little attention, but this part is often killed and wounded each year prin through the barrel or barrels and find abused by using the tool as a hammer cipally through their own negligence it clear. and pounding with the chuck. The in the handling of firearms while "DON'T pull guns through fences:, chuck has carefully machined parts hunting, may be avoided. carry them over the fence with you, and heat treated jaws which will last Common among the causes of keeping the muzzle pointed away for the life of the tool if not abused. fatality and injury are: pulling guns from yourself and others. If a breech If abused, there is chance of breaking through fences; guns knocked down loader, open it before crossing. the jaws or jarring them out of line by dogsuncased loaded guns in auto ``DON'T set your loaded gun so that the drill bit is not held true. mobiles; accidental firing of guns against a tree or leave'it lying on the Thus a chuck that is not working through bottom of boats, the hunters ground if you have dogs about when properly will cause breakage of drill drowning with the sinking boat; ac you stop to rest; they may knock it bits and possibhuinjury to the oper cidental stopping up of the barrels down or step on it. ator. This part, therefore, should be with dirt; leaving obstructions in bar "DON'T lay your loaded gun down inspected along with the rest of the rels, cleaning rags, rods and the like; in the bottom of' a boat; picking it tool and repaired or replaced if nece? firing guns with muzzle under water; up sometimes causes it to discharge sary. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS A Large Lacquer ( ompaiiv Guards Its Investment LIACQUER manufacturing is near the top of the list of industrial fire hazards. A sudden spark near an agitator or a solvent tank may result in a flaming furnace, if the fire is not extinguished in the first few seconds. LUX "Local Applications," "Total Flooding," and "Portable Units" are especially designed for such hazards, and all others involving flammable liquids or electricity. In case of fire in the lac quer agitators above, LUX gas, pouring from the patented shielded nozzles, smothers the fiercest blaze in from five to eight seconds. Even a fire enveloping an entire storage room will be smoth ered by a "Total Flooding" LUX System in fifteen seconds. If you have an unusual fire hazard in your plant, send for a Kidde representative. He will gladly explain the LUX System -- entirely without obligation. Walter Kidde&Companf,lno. MO Cedar Street KetvTork LUX Fire Protection FOR ALL KINDS OF FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND ELECTRICAL FIRE HAZARDS NOVEMBER, 1932 40 The Bulletin Board Conducted by STAN KERSHAW A page devoted to the problems of the men who maintain the show windows of the safety movement Are You Using Home-Made Posters? ET OK certain purposes nothing can * take the place of a strictly home made poster. A member of the force meets with an accident from which there is a good safety lesson to be learned, a mechanic on the job dis covers a safe way of performing an otherwise dangerous task, department Xo. .1 has gone a year without a lostrime accident and a hundred other items call for special bulletins or posters that cannot be obtained from outside sources. They need not be works of art hecause they relate to familiar names and surroundings and will attract attention, no matter what form they appear in. If you have not tried this method of pepping up your bulletin boards you have missed a good opportunity. needs to utilize every practicable means of expanding his work to make tip for either a decrease of his work ing force or an increase in his duties and responsibilities. After all. the real objective in any industrial safety program is to have everyone in the company become truly safety-minded and then to provide helpful information. There are many ways of going about it. but of ail these there are none that require so little effort in proportion to the wide spread results as safety posters. Even when changed several times a week to keep the bulletin boards fresh and lively the amount of time required to post them in the average plant or company is small yet they work for safety continually. Inspirational posters do much to bring about safety mindedness while the informational type help to build up the knowledge which is necessary to practice it. Safety Fosters Help in s * * Difficult Situation It isn't, to be expected that people will go very far out of their way to EVERY man in industry who has look at a safety poster. Place your ' any ambition at all is striving to bulletin boards accordingly. accomplish as much as possible with the time and means at his disposal. Mover has this been truer than in the Safety Deputies case of the safety man, but there is a IMAGINE for a moment that man- limit to what a man can do physically, * agement gave you 25 deputies who and if economic conditions have de could stand at strategic points in your prived him of manual assistance-- plant and throughout the 24 hours well, he just has to use his head to find shout warnings at passersb.v. One other ways of keeping up with the would warn on improper lifting and parade. the danger of infection, another of In this search for some agencv guards left off machines and poor whieh may be employed at little or no housekeeping. A third would shout extra cost to assist in maintaining in about the hazards of grinding without terest in safety, posters stand out as goggles, ladder dangers and the like. a beacon light on a dark night. Here You would get results in short order. are the silent workers for safety re Were each man to shout the same quiring very little effort to put them warning in the same tone each time to work and meeting the condition of you passed, however, effectiveness ``little or no extra cost." would soon fly out the window. If ever there was a time when posters could be used to advantage by every safety man it is now when he So it is with bulletins dealing with safety subjects. There should be a sufficiency of boards, strategically lo cated. well lighted and kept orderly. Bulletin material should be changed at least semi-weekly, should not bp al lowed to litter the space and bv a system of numbers the displays should progress through the plant.--/ditrial Safety Bulletin, Aunusta, Maine Have You a Blackboard? X'E of the secrets of good bul1f letin board work is variety of displays. One good way to provide this is to occasionally write a message on a blackboard made to tit the bul letin board. If you do not have one or more of these blackboards on hand a good bet is being overlooked. Colored chalk can be used to ad vantage. Translucent Photos C.AFETY photos may be displayed unusually well if printed on the translucent paper now available and placed against the glass of an inter nally illuminated display box. The Council's posters may likewise be dis played to good advantage this way. The construction of such a box is a simple job for a tinsmith, or a suitable one may be purchased ready made. Two fairly long nails, a hammer and a handful or two of posters open up a new opportunity worth trying. Put t.he posters together in one pack, nail them to an open bulletin board or wall and chalk a sign over them "Take One Home With You." tXe posters on good general subjects of interest to entire families. # Try a pictorial campaign on that unsafe practice that has been penaliz ing your records and keep the camera handy to assiw-m every phase of safety work.--Paper and RuLp Sec tion Mews-Letter. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS I Give him a hand ~-^how the new man how to do hi* work the SAFE way/ (-TOP WERE *GBEEN* ONCK. TOO/) NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL | YOUHE PILING UP TROUBLE FOR SOMEONE WHEN YOU FAIL TO PILE MATERIALS SAFELY ON SOME. JOBS BRAINS ARIL THE! ONLY POSSIBLE SAFEGUARD yH\ DO SOME PEOPLE HAVE MORE ACCIDENTS IMAM OTHERS jjir * a* J WHtt k Oi * Vm*"/* i'll*fl|ll fSg>itiTut >li1nuu,i &!!! i..t 4/**,f(pi*i ink i^r*omp* wi rm*t$ruji't F"Ti<-f%>ft<f f*8*a.' M AT 1NA*,, S A F f. T Y COUNCIL NATIONAL SAPITY (OUKCH ElpH AT LEAST TWICE A YEAR W4TIONAI APTY COUNCH j^^Far mil .fi ii t-j r **lit! * I 81 1 *1 *Tt O N A L J> A f T 'V COUNCIL LOOK BE.HIN WHEN BACKING-UP OR YOU MAY LOSE. A A LEG fcj,T>ONAu s * f n r r c o m n c ProtectYour tyt Time To et Dressed This is as near' x as you can come to seeing thru a glass eye NATIONAL iAMTV COUNCIL National safety council I u nlTi* 1 110 W wm mw II -e Itv uir tfrtipt -mmmcf"* . IS?-' THf!IIAriC |wm m mmM wRinctic* v w'wrtmF** MIC WW NATIONAL $ A F E T Y COUNCIL ffi DON T MONKEY WITH ANYTHING YOU DON'T UNDERSTAND/ People are often hurt when they try to handle a job they don't understand If you don't know ask the boss/ NATIONAL S A f { T v COUNCIL 0 SAFE MINER IS KNOWNBY THE____ CONDITION. OF HIS____ WORKING-- PLACE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL HOW WOULD YOU LIKE TO DRIVE I WTO SOMETH IWC LIKE THIS? ALWAY/ STAND AWAY FROM LOAD AS FAR AS POSSIBLE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNC I t | [ ptfins'i NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL starting iiiacSiIiies maite sure no one is in nM^RK&nEERi NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL LOAD CAREFULLY! NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL .. V' . -* 1( 3**.13 YVIfOE " ^ fjjUT 4 K> Rife \,i`* [F-l^lAnkM 1> U TIIIS CAR.' ' mms*ntMtinkwg wn . SAFETY. THE SAFETY EXCHANGE "A ROUND TABLE IN PRINT" The ideas presented here have proved helpful. If you have developed a useful device or method send in a description, with sketch, blueprint or photo graph, if possible HOT METAL LADLE TRUNNION HAS SAFETY FLANGE The point of the crane hook cannot catch on the flange of this ladle trunnion. Therefore, practically all danger of the ladle being tilted accidentally by the crane is eliminated. If the hook is not in proper position to engage the trunnion, but in stead catches under the flange, the inclined plane of the under side of the flange causes it to slide clear. SAFETY PROBLEM OFFERS CHANCE FOR INTERESTING CONTEST The accompanying diagram shows a "Safety Problem" submitted to persons taking the Ooraopolis Safety Course, Cora- wider--23%, (2) Make risers of upper set of stairs same height as lower set, 8 inches--23%. (3) Enlarge cafeteria to accommodate 400 persons--19%. (4) Re locate light at top of stairs to give suf ficient light and head clearance--1.0%. (5) Install standard hand railing on inside wall--10%. (6) Install standard hand railing at outside of stairs, height 3 feet, with intermediate railing--8%. : 7) In stall toeboard, standard 6 inches high-- 5%. (8) Remove landing, which, al though not a hazard, shows perhaps poor engineering--8%. (The sketch is fur nished by J. F, Hattman, safety director, Standard Steel Spring Co., Coraopolis, Pa.j STARTING BAR GUARD FOR THE FLY WHEEL Serious accidents sometimes occur at the fly wheel because the starting bar flies nut or catches and strikes the operator. The Edward Katzinger Company, Chicago, has overcome this trouble by fastening a heavyspring to the end of the starting bar which tends to push the bar out as soon as the pressure on it is released. It does not stay in the fly wheel after the wheel starts. The illustration is furnished by William A. Beck. AUTOMATIC COUPLER FOR THE POWER TRUCK TRAILER The International Harvester Company has developed and installed on all their power trucks a special safety coupling that makes it unnecessary for an operator to employ his hands in coupling on the trailer. He rides the truck up to the trailer, pulls the hand level, lifts the coupler, and when the truck comes in contact with the trailer he drops the pin and it is automatically coupled, thus eliminating ail chance of smashed lingers. upolis, Pa. The conditions are as follows: WO men on Floor-A eat their lunch in a cafeteria whose capacity is 300. Lunch time is 40 minutes. A number of acci dents occurred on the stairs until certain changes were made. The problem is "What can be done to prevent these acci dents!" The width of the stairs is 4pi feet, and the sketch is drawn to scale one-half inch to one foot. An interesting contest might he conducted by making awards for answers to this problem. Eight answers may be made, as follows, the per centage named here being marks of rela tive value: (1) Make tread of first step same width as others; it is now 2 inches THIS TRUCK END GUARD ALSO PROTECTS THE FEET The low truck shown here is in use in the plant or the American Manganese Steel Company. South Chicago. The plate bolted perpendicular to the rear end ex tends low enough to prevent any foreign object from getting under the wheels and causing trouble. It is bolted and braced very rigidly, and not only protects the wheels but the feet of the operator, also. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS AUXILIARY SAFETY CHAIN ON THE AIR HOIST A worth while procnutmn that is not in genera! use is the pr*iv i*n uf auxiliary :<f'ety hnins on ur Imu-uk, afford prnte< torn m tfio "V'Mif -`i' .! finjure of' fin.1 hoist -uspeusion mechu ujmm. in Mu> ac-ompauyrng illustration an* soon two hoists equipped srifh those .ui.viJiarv >*hnins. 49 DEVICE PREVENTS ANY FLASH BACK AT THE OIL STILL At the oil still a flash-hack in case the safety valve were to pop off is a danserous thing, because the vapors may drift across the front of the fire door. To pre vent this at the plant of fhe Carter Oil Company, Tulsa, Okla,, two Hues have been run from the safety valve to a point near the ground and sufficiently far away to eliminate the danger. The picture shown here is that of a small still in one of the company's gasoline plants. A further pre caution consists of line wire mesh screen placed over the open ends of the vent pipes. INSULATED LAMP TRIMMER'S STOOL FOR NIGHT WORK This insulated stool with warning re flector buttons for night work ls employed by the ('arolina Power & Light Company, Raleigh, N. (\ Previous to its use several or their street light maintenance men were run over by automobiles while replacing lights or trimming are circuits while low* ered in the street at night. Note that the stool now has one-inch red reflectors placed at intervals around the stool base. These reflect the headlights of an oncoming auto mobile and warn the driver of the obstruc tion and the man working in his path. THE SAFE TRANSPORTATION OF LONG POLES Transporting po:es is an important prob lem in the punne utility held. This work must be none wirn the greatest degree of safety. The illustration shows the meth od of chanting tor transportation which Is s?d by the Malden Electric Company, Maiden, Mass, Note that the pole e* chained to me trailer hook and the tow ing eyebolts. The chains passing from side to side of the underframe hold the pole against the truck body, while the chains passing through the trailer hook and around the pole are securely fastened to pull the load. The butt of the pole rests on a two-wheel trailer. Where poles of soft wood are transported in this man ner, it may be practicable to place a metal band between the chain and the pole to prevent any abrasion, AN ACID STORAGE TANK THAT ELIMINATES BURNS This sketch of a sulphuric acid storage tank is sent us by the Hollingsworth & Vose Company* of Boston, tt has helped NOVEMBER, 1932 to eliminate acid burns to employees who used to have to pour the acid from the rhov into the pail. The kisc of. the tank is 4!i inches high by 3tf^#gfees square, and there is a cock at the bottom for running off the acid. The rank is made or* sheer lead and set on concrete, with an outside vent for the escape or' fumes. There is a tilling pipe with a platform above. 50 Seen and By C H. gently protect their workmen. This exhibitor introduced a new line of respirators, a new sand-blast helmet and a number of additions and im provements in goggles. The exhibit of the National Traffic (fuard Company demonstrated the added factor of safety afforded auto mobile drivers where dangerous curves, high fills, abrupt turns, cul vert ends and headwalls are protected with "Rosiliflex, " a steel highway guard rail. Defects which make a motor vehicle unsafe are shown by this equipment which tests brakes, wheel alignment and headlights. The "Safety Sander" exhibited by TIawkes & .Johnson of Lynn, Mass., was new. This device, which can be APPARENTLY there has been no The Lima Cord Sole & Heel Com attached to all types of motor vehicles, JU|k depression in the development pany announced the completion of a is to provide traction and prevent 9 of safety equipment as evi development on which they have skidding. The operation is electrically denced by the wide range of new worked for the past live years. connected with the battery which products displayed at the Exposition Through the cooperation of the Servus opens a magnetic valve, allowing sand of the Twenty-iirst Annual Safety Rubber Company, this exhibitor dis to run freely by gravity to rhe ground Congress, Washington, D. C,, October played a complete line of rubber foot in front of both rear wheels. This 3-7. ' wear equipped with "tiro-Cord," mechanism works from the foot brake Practically every exhibitor had non-slip soles and heels. and is controlled with a master switch something new and interesting to of Additional space was required this at the dash, cutting out use of sander fer. At the American Air Filter year by Willson Products, Inc., to ac under normal road conditions. Company's booth we found their commodate new equipment. Their Mine Safety Appliances Company 4 ` Turbo-Clone " dynamic precipitator new dust counting apparatus is a de showed for the first time their twelve which serves the double function of cided innovation in safety equipment. new 1932 developments: M-S-A Com blower and dust collector and de The purpose of this apparatus is to bustible Gas Indicator, Continuous signed for moving and cleaning air count the dust content in the air to en Carbon-Monoxide Hand Detector, containing heavy concentrations of able the management to scientifically H-jET Inhalator, type K; M-S-A Motor dust generated in manufacturing and combat dangerous dust and to intelli- cycle First Aid Kit, Type B Saw industrial processes. In addition to several other types of air filters, this exhibitor showed a new window ven tilator used in treating hay-fever. Waiter Kidde & Company, manu facturers of carbon-dioxide fire extin guishing systems, exhibited a typical automatic system for industrial use. and portable extinguishers, along with three new items--water and anti freeze extinguishers and light weight oxygen cylinders. A uew skinning knife in the Mathias Klein & Sons'display claimed the attention of linemen. Safety has been considered in the shape of the blade and the "half-hard" rubber handle, which provides insulation and a firm grip, This knife was designed to replace the make-shift and unsafe tools often used by linemen. A com plete line of linemen's belts, straps and tools were also shown. Looking down one of the aisles at the Safety Exposition. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Heard at the Safety Exposition MILLER Guard, Safety Shoe, Safety f'ae; Edi son Electric Safety Top Lamp Model K, Edison Electric Safety Hand Lamp, Permissible Portable Flood light and M-S-A Mine Car Safety Block. Many other products for mine and factory were shown. An interesting and significant de velopment in the service branch of the automotive industry was revealed in the National Safety Clinic, a new association sponsored by the Bendix ('owdrev Brake Tester Division of the Bendix Aviation Corporation and featured in their exhibit. This is a nation-wide association of motor ve hicle service stations--pledged to im prove highway safety through pe riodic, free inspection of motor ve hicles using uniform methods and equipment. Bendix-Cowdrey Brake Tester Cor poration, in conjunction with A. E. Feragen, Inc., developed the safety inspection machine, which was on dis play, to meet the standards and re quirements of this association in test ing automotive equipment. Only fif teen minutes' time Is required with this machine to inspect the safety fac tors, such as brakes, axles, springs, steering and steering geometry, lights, tires, etc. Abbott Laboratories, pharmaceutical manufacturers, had on display a line of first aid products useful both in the home and factory. One of the newer products is Haliver Oil, a natural oil from halibut livers blended with vege table oils to insure a high vitamin "A" potency. The latest model in police motor cycles and equipment was displayed by the Harley-Davidson Motor Com pany. The new silver and black color combination of this model provides distinctiveness for the mounted officer by day and increased visibility at night. The safety guard, for protec tion of the mounted officer in case of accident and the "ride control" to provide safer operation of the motor cycle at high speed are both new de velopments. The ear is also equipped with a new left side foot-operated siren, fire extinguisher and first-aid kit. NOVEMBER, 1932 The exhibit of the Bureau of Mines showed how safety is being promoted in the mineral industries. The sound movie depicting the de velopment and history of safety glass, shown by the Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Company, kept a crowd at their booth. An exhibit of this kind, show ing continuous action, presents a dramatic and impressive sales story one doesn't forget. Mercurochrome and its uses as an antiseptic was the main feature of the attractive display by Hynson, Westeott & Dunning. A miniature display showing how a fresh air blower can be utilized in furnishing fresh air for respirator use proved an interesting feature of the Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corpora tion's exhibit. New air supply respi rators, respirators for dust, fumes and vapors, and sand blast helmets were shown. If any delegate left the Congress with an unsolved safety shoe prob lem he must have closed his eyes. Seven different manufacturers and distributors of safety shoes displayed their products, ranging from the heaviest work shoes to those which a white collar worker wouldn't be ashamed to wear. H, Childs & Com pany Incorporated, featured the "Iron Age" line. Chippewa Shoe Manufacturing Company showed for the first time the new "KushionAire" inner sole which is now incor porated in their "Cardtoe" and "Safetoe" shoes. International Shoe Company sent two of their engineers to introduce the "Hy-Test" safety shoe of both steel and composition box toe con struction. Lehigh Safety Shoe Company made a very complete showing of their stan dard steel box toe safety shoes as well as a new lower priced line. Reece's "Safety Strong Toe" shoe, a new product at Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Company's display was well re ceived. This new shoe has the "Per fect Rocker" wooden sole and is water, heat, acid, steam, gasoline and oil proof. The toe is re-enforced between the vamp and the cap with a nonmetallie toe-shaped cap. Another display of patented steel toe safety shoes was made by the Safety First Shoe Company of Fram ingham, Mass. Those who entered the Exhibition Hall were soon attracted by the 00 inch double-ended rotating beacon light in the display of the Aeronautics Branch of the Department of Com merce. This light has a capacity of 1.500,000 oandlepower and is of the type placed at ten to fifteen mile in tervals along federal airways. The dashing green code beacon, which was shown, is used at some Department of Commerce intermediate landing fields where the use of tnfe larger beacon is not practicable. American Optical Company showed advance samples of the new "Covergias" goggle designed to wear over ordinary spectacles which is fitted with the same ventilation system as found in their -,Duraiite 'io," The progress of eye (irntectinn was eri'ectively illustrated hy a background of goggles showing successive steps from the first safety goggles down to those of modern design. A unit dressing for every kind of injury was new at the exhibit of the Davis Emergency Equipment Com pany. Other first aid products, per sonal protection apparel, linemen's equipment, gas protection apparatus, inhalators and other miscellaneous products were also shown. Bulletin board communication from management to employee ro eliminate waste, reduce costs through waste elimination, publicize daily happen ings as well as promote safety and co operation characterized the Elliott Service Company's display, .Yew ad ditions to their service include the weekly publication, "Management," a new course in foremanship, and daily posters. Improved design of linemen's rub ber sleeves made by the dripping proc ess and without seams was a new de velopment by the Surety Rubber Com pany. A new type of leather pro tector glove for use over lineman rub ber gloves, was also shown. This glove is made with a low leakage cuff to re sist current. Boards and more guards were seen at Hurty Manufacturing Company's booth. The electrotyper's saw guard which gives protection to hand and eye of operator without interfering with the operation, is new. Consider able stress was put on the fact that the new box-maker's saw guard weighs only half as much as the old guard and is many times as strong. Also special features for non-interference of output are incorporated. Their electric lighted power shear guard prevents possibility of getting fingers under the knife while operator is still holding material. The special light ing feature naturally speeds up the work. A grinding wheel exhaust which carries rhe dust from the wheel into a receptacle instead of allowing it to pass into the atmosphere, was another device at this display. Burroughs Wellcome & Co.. (II. S. A.) Inc., featured their new `Tabloid' first aid kit for motorcycles. Medical equipment, surgical dressings and other first aid products were attrac tively displayed at this booth. The center of interest at the Safety Equipment Service Company's ex- j Join the Red Cross hibit was the new "Super Drednaut M" goggle. Delegates also found many other equipment needs here. One was reminded of Jacob's ladder dream by the variety of ladders and scaffolding on display. Patent Scaf folding Company showed a miniature building under construction, empha sizing the use of safe scaffolding. John K. Arps Manufacturing Com pany introduced their new DuoSafety ladder, a combination step lad der and extension ladder in one piece of equipment. Another ladder development was shown by The J. li. Clark Company of Minneapolis. Extension ladders and step ladders incorporating a steel truss in every rung. "Saf-T-Top" ampoules of Mercuroehrome and Iodine and "Saf-fast" liquid adhesive for first aid made up the display of Robert A. Bernhard. Equipment for protection against all tire hazards and rire chains for slippery roads were shown at the Py rene Manufacturing Company's ex hibit. The iS. Bureau of Mines exhibit emphasized safety education as an es sential to safety achievement. A nuve! feature was a series of motion pictures depicting the method pur sued in giving instruction in an ac cident prevention course, interest was shown in a demonstration of the ignitability of explosive gas bv minute electric sparks and arcs. Life size models of men, actuated by an electric motor demonstrated ar tificial respiration by the prone pres sure method. The Bureau of Mines, since its creation in 1910, has trained in excess of H50.U0O persons in the principle of first aid to the injured. Approved types of oxygen breathing apparatus, gas masks, gas detectors and miners electric lamps, suitable for mine rescue work constituted an in tegral parr of this display, A beautiful display of bronze safety trophies and plaques, recently designed for large industrial ortrani/.ations, was featured by .lames fl. Matthews & Company, manufacturers of this equipment. The exhibit of the Cnireif .Stares Navy Department, which has been a displayed at several recent congresses, continued to attract interested visi tors, Here was a deep-sea diving out fit, a model of a submarine escape ap pliance tank and a decompression tank. But of equal interest was the evidence that the Navy is a vast in dustry as well as an organization for national defense. Here also was a bulletin board bearing safety and gen eral interest posters as displayed for the benefit of the works in the yards and shops, and other familiar items used in maintaining interest, Not all of the exhibits were devoted to mechanical safeguards and'equip ment for personal protection. The Metropolitan Life Insurance Com pany's booth contained much helpful literature for industries and com munities interested in promoting safety in shops, homes and highways. The National Bureau of Casualty A Surety Underwriters told of the serv ices of the Bureau and its member companies in aiding accident preven tion work. The United States Depart ment of Labor had on display a large number of books and pamphlets deal ing with specific phases of accident prevention which are now available to those interested. Vitamins and safe driving were featured in the exhibit of the Ueneral Baking Company. The American Red Cross described pictoriallv its work in leaching first aid and life saving. Sufetu fUntnneerinii magazine was again represented among the exhibitors. The American Social Hygiene Association had much literature siiowing the menace of social diseases and how industry could help in their control. The Library and the Education "Di vision of the National Safety Council again displayed the many services available to members of the <'01111011. One of the interesting features on dis play here was an extensive- collection of posters and pamphlets used in ad vancing the cause of safety in other countries, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Trophies Awarded in Sectional Safety Contests NK of riie hurii points in tin' irig I[j|in*\-imafelv ) -+(l.nmi employees who O program <(' the T\v<*nty-tirxt worked 1.41,609,m*4 man-hours, for an av Annual Safety <'iiintrass was erage accident r'rvquenev rate << 2.194. Tins represents a 17 per cent decrease over tiie awarding of Trophies in tin* stheevenrate of tin* previous contest year. divisional -MtVfy i-.mresrs sponsored During tin-* (932 contest I'i5 units com by rhe National Safety ('mined. Tlte pleted the period with ,t frequency rate trophies eotisLsted of 4t> heautiful plaques and a total of 102 ..'f-rtideates, each of which commemorates out standing achievement in accident below the average; 45 of these hud perfect tin Inst-time records, First place hi the Steel Mills Division, Croup A, was won by The ` orrigan, Mc Kinney Steej Co,, Cleveland, 0,, the record prevention. Six of the 'unrests were held in various industrial sections of the Na tional Safety Council, and the seventh was the National Fleet Safety ('on- being two lost-time injurit?s in 1,756.169 man-hours, with a frequency rate of 1,139. First place in this division, Croup R, was won by The Midvale Company, Phila delphia, Fa, They had no lost-time in juries and worked a total of 867,966 man- test, originated in I M2, which en listed large and small commercial fleets of member companies in the De livery, Taxicab and Bus Section of the Council. The industrial section hours. First place in Croup O of this division was won by the Republic .Steel Cnrp., South Chicago plant, Chicago, 111., their record being no lost-time accidents, and 592,715 man-hours. contests include those in the Marine Section, Metals Sections. Paper and Pulp Section. Petroleum Section, Pub lic I'tilities Section, and the Rubber Section. Each contest ran throughout In the Rolling, Finishing and Fabricat ing Division, Croup A, first place was won by The American Rolling Mill Company, Zanesville. O., with no lost-time injuries and 316,981 man-hours. First place in this division, Croup B, the first half of the year, January 1 was won hv the Dreat Lakes Forging Com to June JO. , The 4t> beautiful plaques (.which were later awarded to winners of first place in the various contests! were on pany, Chicago, with a record of no lost time injuries ami 185,600 man-hours. First place in the Iron Foundries Divi sion. Croup A and B. was won by the Na tional Radiator Dorp., New Castle plant. display during the Annual Meeting of New Castle, Ind., with no lost-time in Members of the Council on the first, day of the Congress. Both the plaques and the certitieates were then sent to the sectional meeting rooms and were juries and 247,516 man-hours. First place in the Steel Foundries Divi sion, Croup A and B. was won by the Haynes Stellite Company, Kokomo, Ind., with no lost-time injuries and 144,258 man presented to the winning companies hours, by a member of the Executive Com in the Heavy Machine Shops Division, mittee of the National Bafetv Coun Group A. first place was won hv the Ly- cil. Marine Section f' fcming Manufacturing Company, Plant No, 1, Williamsport. Fa., the record being two lost-time injuries, 1.127,915 man-hours Thirty-live units were registered in the worked, and a frequency rate of 1.773. Marine Section First Annuai Safety Con- First place in Group B of this division test. ;u,871 persons working 34,629.240 was won by the United States Rubber Co., man-hours. The average accident fre Shoe Hardware f*o., Waterbury, Conn., quency rate was 12.619, and 19 units com with no lost-time injuries and 210,386 man- pleted the contest with a frequency rate hours. below the average. Five uf these units bad perfect no-accident records. The units Paper and Pulp Section were divided Into two divisions. Fix the Paper Industry Annuai Safety First place in the Ship Operations and '.infest, the trophy for which is provided Harbor Equipment Division was won by wick year by The Paper fttdwtry maga the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company, zine, a total of 131 mills were -entered. Norfolk. VaM which had no lost-time in Employees numbering 32.454 worked 74,juries and worked through 146,050 man 569,954 man-hours and suffered 1.044 lost- hours. time accidents, for an average frequency First place in the Shipbuilding and Re rate of U. and a severity rate of .539, pair Division was won by the New Haven Fifty-rive of the mills had a frequency and Hartford Railroad, New Haven, Conn., rare below the average and 69 mills had which suffered no lost-time accidents and a severity rate below the average. Nine worked through 73.U99 man-hours. mills completed the contest with a perfect Metals Section record. in the Paper and Pulp Mill Division, In the Metals section .Annual Safety Group A. first place was won by the <`on- Contest 208 units were entered, cumpris- soJidated Paper Cnrp.t Ltd,, Wayagamaek Mill, Three Rivers. Quebec, Danda. The rM.',,rq was two lost-time injuries. 44 dnv* lost, 1,1177,599 man-hours worked., with pouiu *`f**dited or* 951,456. First pbii-o ui Group B was won hv The ( liompmn ( oated Paper Dompany, Paper Mill N" L Hamilton, u,, the record hMug one lost-time injury, 1.5 days |osr, 1,243,385 mandiours worked, and a credit of p6p,56x points. First plaeo in Group 0 was won by rhe D..rm*ll Wood Product* t'ompuuy, t'orm.dl, Wis., the ivcord being no insf-nme injuries, .-md 1,9(1'* points credit. Fi'r<t pbiro in Group D was won bv the International Paper Company, Rilev Mill, Riley, Maine, the record being no InstDmo injuries and 1,090 points credit. in Die Paper and Board Re-manufactur ing Plants Division, first place was won by the Berms Brothers Bag Dompauy, Last Peppered, Mass., the record being no lost- tune injuries and l.uOO points credit. Petroleum Section The Petroleum Section. Safety i nntesi had 134 unit companies entered. 146,943 employees working 184,637,993 man-hours, They suffered 1,738 lost-time in juries, for an average frequency rate of 9,413; 54 units had a frequency rate below the aver age, and 18 of the units completed the context with perfect score1*. First place in the Manufacturing De partment, Group A, was won bv the stand ard Oil Uompany of Louisiana. Baton Rouge refinery, Baton Rouge, La., the record being six lost-time injuries, 5,448,- 784 man-hours, with a frequency rate of 1,740. In Group B of this division first place was won by the Mid-Continent Petroleum Oorp., Tulsa, Okla.. with a record of nu lost - time accidents, 979,950 man - hours worked. First place in the Marketing Depart ment, Group A, was won hv the .Standard Oil Uompany find.). Chicago, the record being 73 lost-time injuries, 31,736,048 man hours worked, and a frequency rate of 2,309. In Group B of this division, first place was won by the Texas-Pacific Goal & oil Uompany, Thurber, Tex., the record being one lost-time injury, 1,992,130 man-hours worked, and a frequency rate nr 9.529. First place in the Producing Depart ment, Group A, was won by the Standard Uompany, Findlay, O., the record being 16 lost - time injuries, 2,276,896 man - hours worked, and a frequency rate of 8.345. In Group B of this department first place was won by the Hope Umtstruetion & Re fining Uompany, Pittsburgh, Pa., with u record of no lost-time injuries and 499,052 man-hours worked. First place in the Natural Gasoline De partment. Group A. was won by the Km- pins Oil & Refining company, Bartlesville, Okla.. the record being five lost-time in juries, 320,267 man-hours worked, and a frequency rate of 15.612. In Group B of this division first place was warn by The Midwest Refining Com pany, reaper, Wyo., In,st-time injuries and ufd being no maathpurs worked. First place in the Pipe Line Department, droop A, was won by the Oklahoma Pipe i Please turn to page Tl) NOVEMBER, 1932 54 SECTIONAL OFFICERS, 1932-33 THE names of officers elected by the -Secretary--A. J, R. Curtis, Portland Ce various sections of the National ment Assn., Chicago. Safety Council to direct sectional News-Letter Canada Cement Editor--Jack Co., Ltd., Port Dempster, Coiborne, activities during the year 193243 are Ont. published below. Owing to limita tions of space it has not been possible Chemical to include die personnel of the sub committees of these sections. These will be published in the sectional news-letters. General Chairman--John Boach, Deputy Commissioner of Labor. Trenton, N. J. Vice-chairman in Charge of Program-- A. L. Armstrong, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y. The portraits of the general chair Vice-chairman in Charge of Engineering men published in this issue are those which were available at the time of go ing to press. --G. H. Miller, E. I. duPont de Nemours k Co., Wilmington, Del. Secretary--Ralph O. Keefer. Aluminum < `o. at America, Massena, N. V. Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers General Chairman--B. T. Solensten, El News-Letter Editor--F, W. Dennis, Hooker Electro-Chemical Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. liott Service Co., New York City. Vice-chairman--Buell W, Nutt, Safety Equipment Service Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Treasurer--Allan Clark, Safety Clothing i"'o,, Cleveland, Ohio. Secretary--Fred Klein, Willson Prod ucts. Inc., Heading, Pa. Child Education General Chairman--Dr. Thomas W. Gos ling, Superintendent of Schools, Akron, Ohio. Vice-chairman--W. H. Bristow, Deputy Superintendent, Department of Public In struction, Harrisburg, Pa. ASSE--Engineering General Chairman--H. S. Smith, Union Carbide & Carbon Corp., New York City. Secretary -- Idabelle Stevenson, Educa tion. Division, National Safety Council, New York City. Vice-chairman--S. E. Whiting, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Boston, Mass. Vice-chairman--E. S. Beaumont, Peoples Gas Light & Coke Co., Chicago. Secretary--W. Dean Keefer, National Safety Council, Chicago. Construction General Chairman--John Russell, Jr., United Engineers & Constructors, Inc., Newark, N. J. Vice-chairman--W. G, Wheeler, Building Trades Employers' Association, New York Automotive and Machine Shop General Chairman--Carl Storck, Buick Motor Co., Flint, Mich. Vice-chairman--M. J. McCarthy, Fisher Body Corp., Detroit, Mich. Vice-chairman--Dr. James H. Greene, CHy. Secretary--0. EL Black, Stone & Web ster Engineering Corp., Boston. Mass. News-Letter Editor--J. N. Doyle, James N. Doyle Adjustment Bureau, Montreal, Quebec. Studebaker Corp., South Bend, Ind. Secretary--K, A. Callam, KAIsey-Hayes Wheel Corp., Detroit, Mich. News-Letter Editor--Nils Juell, Hayes Body Corp., Grand Rapids, Mieh. Delivery, Taxicab and Bus General Chatrmau--Carroll V, Wells, Pillsbury Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Vice-chairman for Delivery Fleets Cement General Chairman--W. L. White, Jr., Medusa Portland Cement Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Vice-chairman--David Adam, Lawrence Portland Cement Co., Northampton, Mass. F. E. Taws, H. J. Hein* Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. .. , Vice-chairman for Taxicab Fleets--3. 3. Greenberg, Maxwell-Davis, Inc., Hartford. Conn. Vice-chairman for Bus Fleets--Alexan der Shapiro, Washington Rapid Tran*,, Co., Washington, D. C. Secretary and News-Letter Ediior--. Richard Leonard, The Taxi If'er-khi, York City. Electric Railway General Chairman--Ralph 0. Bush. Tran, sit Mutual Insurance Co., Boston, Alas*. Vice-chairman--T. G. Brabaton, Birming. ham Electric. Co., Birmingham, Ala. Vice-chairman--Paul Hodson, East Louis Railway Co., East St. Louis, HI. John Russel, Jr. Henry J. Mineur Vice-chairman--George Whitmore, Illi nois Power & Light Co., Peoria. III. Secretary and News-Letter Editor-- Ray A. Finch, Bureau of Safety, inc., Chicago. Employees' Publications General Chairman--Thomas E. Owen, Louisville & Nashville Railroad, Louisville, K>. Vice-chairman for the East--J, 0. Mar tin, Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company, Washington, D. 0, Vice-chairman for the West--Milo E, Smith, Chicago Bridge & Iron Works, Ohieago. Secretary--Laura G. Jackson, Bvllesby Engineering & Management Corporation, Chicago. Service Committee Chairman and NewsLetter Editor--George Ei. White. Davey Tree Expert Company. Kent, O. Food General Chairman--Henry J. Mineur. Borden's. Inc., New York City. Vice-chairman--Frank A. Hasse, Corn Products Refining Co., Chicago. Secretary and News-Letter Editor--J. J. SLdtner, Continental Baking Co., New York City. Marine General Chairman--Frank IT. Cogan, Delaware, Lackawanna k Western Rail road Co., Hoboken, ii. J. Vice-chairman (Posters and Slides,)-- Robert F. Hand, Standard Shipping Co.. New York City. Vice-chairman i Publicity)--Arthur M. Tode, consulting marine engineer, New York City. Vice-chairman (Pacific Coast)--Byron 0. Pickard. Pacific American Steamship Own ers' AssoeiatioBf*111 Francisco, Calif. Secretary--Cari W. CettiA New York State Merchant Marine Academy, New York City. News-Letter Editor--Henry Blackstone, 17. 8. P. & I. Agency, San Francisco, Calif. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 00 C. L. Hightower Elmer J. Smith Metals General Chairman--Robert L. Schmitt. Louisville Car Wheel & Railway Supply Co., Louisville, Ky. Vice-chairman--E. F. Blank, Jones & Laughiin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Secretary--J. A. Voss, Republic Steel Corp,, Youngstown, Ohio, News-Letter Editor--K. W. Darr, Beth lehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pa. Meat Packing, Tanning and Leather General Chairman--Henry D, Tefft, In stitute of American Meat Packers, Chi cago. Vice-chairman--Harry W. Ekins, Brown Shoe Co., St. Louis, Mo. Secretary---John Lauerman, Armour & National Stock Yards, ill. News-Letter Editor--A. C. Michener, John Morrell & Co,, Ottumwa, Iowa. Mining General Chairman--Thomas E. Lightroot, Hoppers Coal Co., Pittsburgh, Pa, Vice-chairman in Charge of Engineer ing--P. M. Arthur, American Sine Co. of Tennessee, Mascot, Tenn. Second Vice-chairman--P. B. Dunbar, Pickands, Mather & Co., Mather, Pa. Third Vice-chairman--J. W. Alt, Calu met & Hecla Consolidated Copper Co., Calumet, Mich. Fourth Vice-chairman--William U. Metz ger. Hudson Coal Co.. Scranton, Pa, Secretary and News-Letter Editor-- Daniel Harrington, U. 3, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. 0. Petroleum General Chairman--0, L. Hightower, Texas Pacific Coal & Oil Co. Vice-chairman--E. R. Alden, Vacuum Oil Co., New York City. Chairman, Atlantic Division--R. W. Black, Standard Oil Co. of Nf. J. Chairman, Great Lakes Division--J. 0. Bernd. Sinclair Refining Co., East Chicago, Ind. Chairman, Mid-Continent Division-- J, C, Young, Tidewater Companies, Tulsa, Okla. Chairman, Gulf Division-- H. C. Reuz, Atlantic Oil Producing Co,, Dallas, Texas. Chairman, Rocky Mountain Division-- T. N. Shaw, The Midwest Refining Co., Casper, Wyo, Chairman, Paeifie Division--L. P. Knox, General Petroleum Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. Power Press General Chairman--Elmer J, Smith, Western Electric Co., Chicago. Vice-chairman--P. G. Hunter, Motor Wheel Corp., Lansing, Mich. Secretary and News-Letter Editor-- George H. Berry, Western Electric Co., Chicago. Public Utilities General Chairman--C. B. Boulet, Wis consin Public Service Corp., Milwaukee, Win. Vice-chairman for Gas Interests--E. J. Kreh, Philadelphia Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Vice-chairman for Telephone & Tele graph Interests--F. M. Pepper, Illinois Bell Telephone Co., Chicago. Vice-chairman for Electrical Interests-- A. A. Oldfield, Wisconsin Power & Light Co., Madison. Wis. Secretary--Howard M. Shaw, North American Power & Light Co.. Chicago. News-Letter Editor--W. G. Clevenger, Northern Indiana Public Service Co., Hammond, Ind. Quarry General Chairman--Otho M. Graves, The General Crushed Stone Corp., Easton, Pa. VIee-ehairman--S. AT. Shalleross, Ameri can Lime & Stone Co., Bellefonte, Pa. Secretary and News-Letter Editor-- Ralph Dinsmore, Warner Co,, Philadelphia, Pa. Refrigeration General Chairman-- L. W. Dawlpy, Southern Cnited lee Co., Jackson, Miss. Vice-chairman--T. A. Adams, Cnlon Ter minal Cold Storage Co., New York City. Vice-chairman--Carl 0. Clements, Na tional Dairy Products Corp., New York City. Secretary and News-Letter Editor-- Edward H. Fox, National Association of Practical Refrigerating Engineers, Chi cago. Rubber General Chairman--Oharfes F. Smith. U. S, Rubber Reclaiming Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Vice-chairman--H. W. Low, Miller Rub ber Products Co. kron, Ohio. Secretary--R. A. Bullock, Corduroy Rubtier Co., Grand Rapids, Mieh. News-Letter Editor--B. F. Gerpheide, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. Safety Section, ARA--Steam Railroad Section, NSC General Chairman--Charles E. Hill, Gen eral Safety Agent, New York Central Lines, New York City. First Vice-chairman--O. L. LaFountaine, General Safety Supervisor, Great North ern Railway, St. Paul, Minn. Second Vice-chairman--H. A. Parish, Assistant Generai Manager, Chicago & North Western Railway, Chicago, 111. Secretary--J. C. Oaviston, New York City. (Please turn to page 70) Otho M. Graves NOVEMBER, 1932 L. W. Dawley C. F. Smith Charles E. Hid Dr. Chas. H. Eames Roland Jones THE ACCIDENT BAROMETER A Monthly Review of Significant Changes in the Accident Situation Prepared by the STATISTICAL BUREAU, NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL Industrial deaths in id states cose from 483 in August to 567 in ufeniber, an increase of 84 deaths, of the NV\v Vork total, 31 came from the terry boat disaster of Septem ber 9. so that the increase is not an .indication of normal trend. Thirtyseven of the Illinois deaths were cases previously reported, hut riot coming to the attention of the Sta tistics Division. Ohio, on the other hand, reduced its total from 89 to 69, and Pennsylvania deaths dropped from 103 to 82. Of the September total of 587 deaths, 274 occurred in September and 293 in earlier months. Records for the last five months are given beiow. Texas is a newcomer this month and it is hoped that com plete information for preceding months will soon he available. it&v June July Aug. Sept. California .,,. . 53 59 52 45 62 Illinois ............ . 85 35 K 25 81 Indiana ...... . 12 4 13 ii 8 Marvland ..,. . s 8 10 2 .1.0 Massachusetts , 33 32 32 17 27 Michigan ...,. . 15 15 12 21 14 Minnesota ..., . 10 10 16 1.7 Missouri ...,, . 9 9 6 S s New Jersey .. 22 17 18 15 17 Now York ... ,136 .1.36 103 119 160 Ohio ................ . 82 7- 85 89 69 Pennsylvania,. . 75 84 so 103 82 Texas .............. . 21 * . 20 Wisconsin ..,. 10 11 9 Note: This table shows when deaths were reported to Industrial Commissions, not when accidents occurred, rftate totals are not directly comparable due to differ ences in iaws. Airplane fatalities in scheduled riv ing in the United States increased during the first six months of 1932. totaling 27 as compared with 24 in the preceding six months, and with 15 during the first, six months of 1931. The fatality rate per million miles down rose to 1.1 as against 0.7 in the same months last year. How ever, there were tio severe injuries and only 10 minor injuries while in the first, half of 1931 there were 8 severe and 37 minor injuries. Canadian accidental deaths drop ped from 6.249 in 1930 to .7.993 in 1931, or from a death rate of 31,3 to 37.8. The largest reduction came in railroad accident fatalities which totaled 234 compared with 371 in the previous year. Automobile deaths advanced slightly from 1.289 to 1,311, and drnwnings were up from 1,037 to 1,083. The 1931 accidental death rate of 37,8 is considerably lower than the U, S, rate of 78.2. This difference appears to hold for each type of accident except drowning, for which the Canadian rate is 10.5 and the X. rate approximately 6,0. Industrial injuries in 17 com munity safety council cities (includ ing 372,000 employees) rose sharply in August, with a frequency rate of 1.1,27, and a severity rate of 1.1, compared with July rates, for nearly the same list of plants, of 10.62 and 0.54. fn August 1931 the rates for a similar group were 12,61 and 1.24, somewhat higher in frequency but lower in severity. Automobile fatalities in 10 large cities sending monthly reports of such accidents to the National Safety Council are as follows: Jsn.-Sept. 1932 1931 Baltimore .... ___ 99 119 Boston ....... ___ 68 78 Buffalo ...... .... 63 m ('hieago ...... .... 035 rieveland .... .... 138 !39 fietroit . ....... .... 200 231 N w Yo rk .... .... 738 700 Philadelphia .. .... 217 235 Bt. Louis ..... .... 109 J 31 San Francisco .... 91 70 % Change -1,6.8 - -12.8 -- 1.5 - 12.0 ..-13.2 - - 9.5 7,3 -- 7,7 ---16.8 4-36.0 Motor vehicle deaths in September dropped 13 per cent from the August total in 70 cities and states reporting their experience for both months. Furthermore, the September total is 19 per cent below that for the same month last year. This preliminary estimate strengthens the belief that we may end the year with a substan tial reduction i perhaps as great as 10 per centi from last year's record <f 33,300 auto deaths. Commercial vehicle accidents in fleets operating 29,143 vehicles in jti community safety council cities in creased slightly in August, reaching a frequency rate per 100.000 vehiclehours of 16.38 against 16,19 in duly. It is still much lower than the dune rate of 18,35, and represents a reduc tion of 24 per cent from the rate of 21.81 for August 1931. Seven cities reporting accidents on u mileage basis show an increase in frequency of accidents per 100,000 vehicle-miles from 3.70 in July to 3.91 in August. Accidental deaths of all types in 15 cities and I county (population 3,270.000) giving detailed informa tion on this point declined 7 per cent from August to .September, Indus trial deaths were down from 22 to 12, home accident fatalities fell from 86 to 59, and auto deaths decreased from 82 to 73. Public accident (not motor vehicle) fatalities rose from .37 to 63, chiefly from an increase in railroad deaths from 6 to 20. Brown ings, also, held up through Septem ber, contrary to expectations. Looking ahead . . . The November accidental death total will be about the same as in September and Oc tober. Between 35 and 40 per cent of the deaths will come from auto mobile accidents, about 16 per cent from falls, 7 per cent from hums, and 6 per cent from firearms acci dents. This last type of accidental death rises into prominence in No vember and disappears in January. The automobile death total will he somewhat lower than .luring the summer months;, but , according to a special stud^jaade last, year the amount of traffic will _drop even lower so that the frequency rate based on traffic volume will reach the highest point of the year. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS He is mlimjXou! You are likely to think of the telephone from your individual point of view, as a convenience, as a necessity, as a means of transmitting to others your own thoughts and desires. But your telephone is of equal impor tance to those who wish to get in touch with you. Right now as you are reading, someone, somewhere, may be calling you. It may be merely a friendly greeting . . . or news of importance to change the course of your life. "Have dinner with us tomorrow." . . . The greater part of social goings and comings are maintained by telephone. "Come quickly! You are needed." ... In crises and emergencies the telephone is indispensable. "That contract is entirely satisfactory." . . . Wheels of in dustry move in direct response to messages received by telephone. November, mi In a moment your telephone may ring. It may be a call from across the street, across the continent, across the sea. As you receive this message, of vital importance or mere daily de tail, you share in the benefits of the great chain of communication which links up the activities of the world. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY INDUSTRIAL HEALTH A NON-TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM FOR PHYSICIANS AND LAYMEN Physical Defects and Employment* S THESE any real reason why peo I ple possessing certain physical de fects should not be employed by large industrial concerns if Because the number of studies available and showing the effects of physical defects on working efficiency are few; and statistical data on this subject are correspondingly meager, the experience of the Western Elec tric Company in attempting to eval uate employees in terms of physical defects and compare them with others not so affected, should be of more than ordinary interest. Medical Requirements Previous to starting the study, a new set of medical requirements for employment was put into effect, the principal changes being as follows: I. Vision. The requirements o 20/40 and 20/50 for elass "A" applicants re mained the same. For suitable work, how ever, applicants were acceptable having vision 20/40 in one eye, regardless of vision in the other eye. 2. Hernia, Applicants with hernia were acceptable for sedentary jobs if a prop erly fitting truss was worn. Formerly no trusses were accepted. 3. Varicocele. A large varicocele was formerly not accepted. 4. Hydrocele. A small hydrocele was formerly not accepted. 5. Deformity or (ot* of member. All such items were classed as vocational de fects and merited consideration for suit able work, instead of serving as reasons for outright rejections as was formerly the case. 6. Lou of organ an a remit of surgery. Applicants were accepted if one kidney has been removed. Formerly these eases were rejected. 7, Varicose veins. All eases not having complications became acceptable for sed entary work. Previously, applicants with varicose veins were not accepted. Applicants falling into the pre viously mentioned classifications were ^Abstracted from an article "An Experi ment with Vocationally Handicapped Work ers," by J, W. Dietz, Western Electric Com pany, Kearny, N. J. as printed in "The Per sonnel Journal," February, 1932, referred to as "A-VD," meaning that the general health is "A" or normal, hut with some vocational defect-- ` VD. ' ' Applicants who did not pos sess vocational defects were referred to as '`A." Reference will be made to these two types of employees in making comparisons. As nearly as possible, each " A-VD" applicant was placed on work at which he would be able to perform as much as a elass "A" employee and at the same time not be a menace to himself or to those with whom he worked. A follow-up program was devised to give an accurate check on proper placement. To establish a basis of comparison, each "A-VD" worker was matched with an "A" worker, hired on the same day, for the same type of work, in the same department. Although in the beginning there were 652 employees of each group, because of transfers from one depart ment to another, or because of leav ing the service of the company, only 115 original pairs of the "A-VD's" and "As" remained. This gave 230 employees, or 115 pairs, representing comparable data in all respects, even to the extent of man-hours exposure on the same job. Results were, there fore, obtained on these employees at the end of the period of one year. Results Information was obtained from the payroll records, the hospital records and the departmental records in mak ing comparisons of the two groups and covered such topics as; (1) sickness: (2) accidents; 13) personal absences; (4) income; (5) produc tion: 16) turnover; and (7) cost of special placement service. Sickness. Tn the one-year period, there were 7 per cent more of the "A" eases than the "A-VD's" ab sent on account of sickness. Accidents. 5.6 per cent more of the "A" eases had accidents than the **A-VD's." (None of the 230 per sons had a lost time accident, i Personal absences. 9.5 per cent more of the "A-VD's" than the "As" were absent on account of personal reasons, t Personal absences included personal business, marriage, funerals, and the like.) Income. The 1 ` A-VD's ' ' showed an average of 4.6 per cent increase in weekly earnings as against 4 per cent for the "A's." The "A-VD" employees paid on an hourly basis showed an average of 3 per cent increase in earnings as com pared to .9.9 per cent for the "A's." (The difference in the rate of in crease in the hourly and weekly paid employes is accounted for in the dif ference between the hourly rate and the base rate as shown at employ ment.) Production. No objective measure ment was possible because of the dif ferent kinds of jobs and types of work; however, supervisors reported that the "A-VD's" in many cases were equal to any employee in their departments. Some reports showed the "A-VD's" as exceptionally out standing in production. Turnover. At the end of the trial period of one year, there were 307 "A-VD" and 287 "A" employees still on the roll. The unusually large turnover in both cases was due to the necessity for economic adjustment. (tost of special placement service. To eliminate additional expense, a routine has been devised permitting regular employment interviewers to do special interviewing necessary for the acceptance of "A-VD's." Borne additional expense is involved, how ever, due to periodic follow-ups to assure suitable placement. The sal ary cost of an investigator, together with expenses incidental to progress reports, should constitute the only ad ditional outlay hereafter. ^"Conclusions It is significant that 58 per cent of employment applicants classified by the medical examiners as being NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS ,3.9 How will increased production affect your safety record? ITH increased production and more men employed, your safety Wproblem will increase. If your plant has a department which uses cutting oil or cutting compounds, you are almost certain to have an increase in cases of Oil Dermatitis, unless you take proper preventive measures. # Oil Dermatitis is one of the most prevalent of all industrial diseases. It costs American industry great sums each year in compensation and lost time. It costs American labor much more in shattered health and earning power. Wherever cutting oils or compounds are used, workers are endangered by this great menace to industrial health. # This disease is caused by pus germs carried into the pores, hair follicles and abrasions of the skin by cutting oils or compounds. Germ free oil becomes infected during use. Entire departments of a plant may contract this virulent skin disease, which may lead to blood poisoning and amputation. # Proper disinfection of all cutting oils and compounds is the only way to protect your workers from Oil Dermatitis. You can effectively control its chief causes by sterilizing all cutting oils and compounds with WESCOL, a powerful germicide (sixteen times stronger than pure carbolic acid, but harmless to human beings) which readily dissolves in either oil or compound without altering its efficiency. # The use of WESCOL is inexpensive . . . but it protects your workers from one of America's leading industrial diseases. # Send the coupon or write a letter for our free booklet on WESCOL and Oil Dermatitis. WESCOL A PRODUCT OF THE WEST DISINFECTING CO. 16 BARN STREET, LONG ISLAND CITY, NEW YORK BRANCHES IN 42 PRINCIPAL CITIES WEST DISINFECTING COMPANY 16 Bm Si, Lons Mend City, Nw York Gentlemen: Pieetc tend me yow tree booklet "WESCOL -- A Pncticel Germicide for Indintriel Plintt." Mr. ................... Neme of Compeny t2fmuanCl eeeeeeeeeee. NOVEMBER, 1932 " A-VDV* have heen placed. This group was employed not heeause they possessed physical defects, hut because they were oualitied to perform a useful service in the company. if is impossible to stare .just how many handicapped employees can be The Safety Library assimilated in industry. Ton many such employees would tend to develop an inflexibility in the personnel of any organization, If is believed, however, that the maximum number k MARY M. WELLS Librarian N.S.C. has not been reached in tile experience of tins plant. INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY AUpervision of the activities ( pupil* in The result of the one year of experience was sufficiently satisfactory to make the acceptance of persons with certain physical defeers a part Morris S, ImlirntruU Psycholm.* v, Die school safety program, according to SPuhlishcO h'-- W \S\ ,\'.rr<>nl fnc,, .Ww VorK, Prk'p I.VOfi, 'loth. iia`J p., illuk, index IM 'E MiinstcrhergN pioneer experi { harles H. Elliott, f'oinniissmner of Edu cation, in lbs letter *>f tran*tmttnl. The ments m the application of psychology bulletin was prepared hv Dr, Allen G, Ire- to industrial problems 2<J years ago much land, Director in ('barge of Safety Educa of the standard practice of the medi research has been directed to The mind and tion, with the assistance of Deputy <`nm- cal department. Probably it should he added that this experience will be valuable inso if a processes. Munsterberg had little di rect evidence that the application of- psy chological principle* would aid operating efficiency and facilitate the adjustment nussinner Charles ,1. Strnhan. fhe pamphlet nm set* forth the pur pose of pupil organization*, reviews the smre laws and rulings on the subject, far as it can be adapted to other of the individual to Ins job, but he paved and discusses briefly tlie cooperation of organizations and made the basis for similar and longer continued expe riences. the way for important developments in the field. Ten years ago Boyd Fisher's hook, "The Mental Causes of. Accidents," focused the the New Jersey State Police in organizing and supervising school safety patrols. Thoroughgoing discusaiona of the junior safety council, patrol, court, and automo Safety Shoes--Where Can We Find Them? attention of safety men on a new phase of accident prevention with considerable influence in The development of the safety movement. In the succeeding years indus bile drivers' <duh are included, ingether with a section on .safety and the parentteacher association. Sample accident re port forms, safety codes and pledges,- and WHAT is an enterprising com pany to do when it wants safety trial investigators have provided a wealth of experimental data on the value of prac tical psychology in adding to the effec shoes, orders safety shoes and canntiovet ness and well being of the industrial get safety shoes? Here is the strik worker. ing experience of a weLl known cen tral western member of the National Safety Council which surely teaches Each succeeding volume on industrial psychology has had new data to present. In the present work there is a wealth of information for those who are concerned something important. with the human relationships in industry "We recently decided to fry sev as physician, employment manager or eral types and makes of safety shoes, safety engineer. ft bibliography of important books, pam phlets, magazines, etc., on the subject are provided. OTHER BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS Acetylene: Safety in the manufacture and use of acetylene. Published by the International Labor Office, Genpva. Switzerland. 1931. Available in the V. 8. only through the American agent. The World Peace Foun dation, *40 Mt. Vernon St., Boston, Mass. Price #1.50 fF/tmpMet) (Studies and Re ports, Series F, Second Section No. 5). feeling that possibly we could improve upon the shoes our men have been wearing. We selected the names of Dr, Vitele* has divided his work into three sections: The Foundation of indus trial Psychology; Fitting the Worker to the Job, and Maintaining Fitness at Manes and Mining: IX 8, Bureau of Mines: Metal mine ac cidents m the Pnited States: 1930. Pub lished by the TJ S. Government Printing live makers, all of whom had solicited Work. Included in the latter section is Office, Washington, D. C., 1932. Price 20c. us either hv mail or bv personal rep the subject of safety at work, with the (Pamphlet) (Bulletin 362V resentative, and ordered from each two styles of shoes. These were all important allied topies of training meth ods, reduction of fatigue, vocational ad justments and problems of supervision and Women in Industry: IT. 8. Women's Bureau: Labor laws for women in the states and territories. Pub listed in the catalog or circulars and management. But the problem of acci lished by the rT, S. Government Printing were not special styles or sizes. Yet dent prevention is not coniined to any Office, Washington. IX i\, 1932. Price 15c, none of them were promptly deliv ered: in fact, we still have received only three pairs of shoes from the lot. "This would indicate that these special section. It is closely tied in with so many operating and personnel problems that it cannot be segregated, and Or.Viteles has given it merited prominence in the hcornier Held of industrial psy ([Pamphlet) (Bulletin No, 08). Women's work under labor law. Pub lished by the International Labor Office. Geneva, Switzerland. 1932. Available m the C. S. only through rite American firms, which have spent money in ad chology. Agent, The World Pence Foundation, 4-u vertising and in some instances have As a reference work or ms a textbook Mt, Vernon St,. Boston, Mass. Price $1.30. paid the expenses of representatives for more intensive study. Dr. Vitctes' hook (Pamphlet) (Studies and Reports). to call upon ns, are not carrying in merits the attention of safety men. PERIODICALS stock even regular types and sizes of safety shoes. We know, of course. that there is a depression on, but how anyone expects to do business without having even one or two items in stock. we do not understand. Incidentally, all of these iirms have advertised in the N.rao>r.u, Safety News." SCHOOL SAFETY ORG-ANIZATXOHS Published hv the State of Xew .Jersey De partment of Public instruction, Trenton, N. ,r,, 1332. Free. < Pamphlet/. A pamphlet of 35 pages entitled "School Safety Organizations,1' has recently been published by the Mew Jersey Department of Public Instruction. The bulletin is of fered to the public schools as a guide to the organization of courses of study and Fire Prevention and Protection: Department store Area. In Travelers Standard, October, 1932. p. 188*192, Economy In lire prevention, fn Trav elers Standard. Uctohej, 1932. p. 181-188. Mines and Mining Ryan. J'. T., Profits--through -tedHcrion of accidents, in Mining Congress Journal. September, 1932, p. 15. 21. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS R1 WHEN THE SHOE FITS THE JOB THERE'S SAFETY/ No. 7991 Chocolate Klk. One of the most popular numbers for general ail around wear where safety to toes is required. No. 698X Chocolate Elk Moulders Shoe designed es pecially for the foundry. CHIPPEWA has devel oped a complete line of safety shoes to meet the particular needs of all in dustries. This line includes the Original Chippewa Safety Shoe and the well known dependable "Gardtoe", in many different styles. Let us help you select the proper shoe for your work, for protection can only come when the shoe fits the job. W guarantee 5 toe protection with our "Gardtoe" safety box. Indemnity Bond given with every pair. Complete stocks available in Chippewa Falls, Wis., and also with the following Distributors. No. 999G Black Klk with Grocord sole and heel tor workers in Factories. Docks, Steamships, Steel constructions, etc. E. D. BULLABD ft COMPANY............................................................... .............................. .Chicago, IU. E, D. BULLARD & COMPANY.............................................. ................ ................. San Francisco, Calif. E. D. BULLARD ft COMPANY......................................................... Los Angeles, Calif. E. D, BULLARD & COMPANY............... ............................. ..............................................Houston, Texas E. D. BULLARD ft COMPANY................................................................. .............. Sait Lake City, Utah R, Js ADSIT ft COMPANY............................................................................. . ............... Burlington, Vt. C. H. DOCKSON ft CO.......................................................... .................. ....................... ..Detroit, Mich. PHILADELPHIA SUPPLIES CO................................. ................................................. Philadelphia, Pa. SAFETY FIRST SUPPLY CO.............................................................................................. Pittsburgh, Pa. No. 217-L Waterproof Chrome Lineman's Boot also made in 6 inch height (No. 25QD) for Heavy Duty of all kinds. CHIPPEWA SHOE MANUFACTURING CO. CHIPPEWA FALLS, WIS. I CHIPPEWA SHOE MFG. CO., Chippewa Falls. Wise. | Please send us further particulars on Chippewa "Gardtoe" Safety Shoes. {Company..................... Attention of .......... [ Street address......... J City................................ State, November, 1932 NOVEMBER, 1932 Reduce those costly Personals GRO-CORDS Are Widely Used in Dairies Iron & Steel Foundries Railroad Shops Auto Factories Gas & Electric Plants Ice & Fuel Stations Stone Quarries Mines General Warehouses Accidents Nearly one-half the falls of workers on level surfaces are caused by slipping of the foot--a cause so simple to remedy by use of GRO-CORD non-slip soles and heels. GRO-CORDS are made non slip by embedding thousands f| of cord tire cords upright in live rubber. Wear keeps cord ends bare, providing non-slip gripping surface at all times. Insist that your workers have this protec tion. A complete line of safety rubber foot wear now available. Write for particulars. THE LIMA CORD SOLE & HEEL CO. Dept 11-F Lima. Ohio Fully Protected br Patent* for HIGH SPEED PRODUCTION plus high grade protection Martin .1. Flanigan, for the past 51) years an employee of the Milwau kee Head, died September 20, follow ing: a lingering illness. For the past four t-ears he was manager of the railroad's safety department. He is survived by his widow and two sons, Robert and Jerry. Funeral services and burial were at Aberdeen. S, [>,, September 23. Air. Flanigan was horn October 2, 1870. at Louisa, Iowa, and started his railroad career at the age of 12 as a water boy for the section gang of which his father was foreman. Ac quiring a knowledge of telegraphy from kindly operators he qualified at the age of 15 as a telegraph operator. In 1895 he was appointed a train dis patcher, and in 1908 he was promoted to chief train dispatcher at Aberdeen, South Dakota. A year later he was promoted to the position of train master with headquarters at. Aber deen. In 1918 he was appointed a superintendent and for a year was lo cated at Dubuque, Iowa, tn 1924 he was transferred to Marion. Iowa, as superintendent of the Iowa division, and on January 1, 1929, he was pro moted to manager of the safety de partment with headquarters in Chi cago. Adjustment in the headquarters staff of the National Safety Council have been made necessary by reduced income during the past three ypars. The Territorial Councils Division staff were the tirst to he laid off because the work of this division did not relate directly to the individual services rendered by the Council to its mem bers. Further reduction in expendi tures has become necessary and the Executive 1 'ommittee has reluctantly discontinued the Industrial Health Division for the present. This division Use D. & M. Automatic punch press Guards. Always out of the way of feeding, D. & M.'s also give super protection that allows your operator to do his best work. Order a B, & M. Automatic Guard for 30 days FREE trial. State size and make of press and whether left to right or right to left swing is wanted. D. & M. Automatics fit any punch press made--are easily installed by merely drilling and tapping 2 holes --swing either right or left as desired and have an ex clusive, patented shield preventing operator from reach ing behind the guard. LOW IN PRICE--$18.56 to $28.00. TAYLOR-SHANTZ CO. 406 ST. PAUL STREET ROCHESTER, N. Y. SAFETY ENGINEER Experienced safety engineer desires connection with insurance company, public utility or oil company. Prefera bly in the state of Texas. Familiar with schedule and tBStffance rating. Address Box 287, National Safety News. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS was the most recent addition to tiie , (.'mined's .services and it is hoped that i this move will be only a temporary ' expedient. Dr. O. Sappington, i who has been director of the division ! since its organization in l!)2d. leaves J the service with the best wishes of the i Coancil. 1 NO WONDER they are Biackstone Valley Wins Inter- i Council Contest IRST place in the Sixth Inter- POPULAR! WE'RE speaking of the band age--Bay't Readi-Bandage, FCouncil Industrial Safety Contest, sponsored by the National Safety Council, has been won by the Bl&cksfone Valley Safety Conned. Chat tanooga captures second place, and third place is won by Providence. Of ficial announcement of the standing of the cities was made during the Twenty-first Annual Safety Congress. in fact, of which over a million are used each year by doctors and nurses. They are particularly adapted for saving time, money and effort in the handling of the many casual cuts, burns and bruises coin cidental with industrial work. They come in two inexpensive, con venient put-ups as follows: Biackstone Valley, with a final in dex number of ,47, easily defeated all 100 strips 1 in. wide. Each in glassine envelope .... contestants, and thus repeats for the .........................per box $1.50 second time an easy victory. Provi dence barely nosed out Louisville for third place, the respective index num 6 strips 6 in. wide in card board box......................... ..........per dozen boxes $4.80 bers being .find and .662. Of the rtf- Samples are yours for the asking. teen safety councils whose records were complete, only three had faded to lower their basic safety rates dur SURGICAL^S^ DRESSINGS ing the contest period. The basis upon which the safety councils are entered in each contest is by a comparison of improvement in THE bay company inoGUon Connecticut A DIVISION or PARKE, DAVIS Cf CO* accident prevention. It would not be fair, because of the great variety of industrial plants in the various cities and their diversity of hazards, to com pare them upon a basis of current ac cidents. Bach city wins or loses in the schedule by showing a better per centage of improvement in safety than its neighbors. A beautiful plaque was presented to the Biackstone Valley Safety Coun cil at the Washington Congress in commemoration of the Sixth inter- Council Industrial Safety Contest, and suitable certificates to the win ners of second and third place. The standing of the other cities was as follows: tr4) Louisville; (51 (fraud Rapids; id) Ww Haven; (7) Balti more ; id) Detroit; 191 Richmond; (101 St. Louis; ill) Worcester; (12) Delaware; (13) Western Pennsyl vania; (14) Springfield: (15) Massachussetts. THE BAY COMPANY, BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Gentlemen; Kindly send me a free sample of BAY'S READI-BANDAGE. NSN 11 In the Seventh Inter-Council Con Company .......................................... ........ test, now in full swing, Grand Rapids jumped quickly into the lead, with Person requesting ............................ .... Biackstone Valley in second place, j and Providence again a close third. Nineteen councils are entered. Dealer NOVEMBER, 1932 04 Thls ' Good Will Dividends (joggle i Continued from page 14) .lone. Possibly mir regard for men, as evidenced by this work, tnav he a softener of rile criticism that foreign ers so often pass on ns as money get ters. in this work surely, humani tarian considerations have prevailed. i come now to two points that are essential if there are to he good-will dividends from safety effort. The first is this, that t/aod-will nnisr ' never hr the designed purpose of safety work. It must of ids nature he a. hn-product. I For if good-will lie marie the pur- | pose, the work is immediately de< fleered from its only sound objective | -the conservation of life and limb, ] Being deflected from its objective, it ceases to conserve life anil limb, and must necessarily fail as a good-will builder as well. and wearing goggles can be comfortable now Adequately ventilated yet of such a design as to prevent foreign particles entering the eye cup--She TROJAN goggle is ideal for practically all industrial requirements. Special air channels in edge of cup under lens make possible normal circulation of air currents WITHIN the goggles. Special baffled vents exclude all foreign particles entering the eye cups. Unusual comfort is provided bj having individually molded right and left cups fit contour of face, preventing severe pressures in any one spot. The TROJAN is cool, dust free and comfortable. When you want a goggle with unrestricted vision, use the TROJAN. Large 50 mm. lenses give increased vision in all directions. For chipping, grinding, caulking and all other occupations where severe impact hazards are encountered you can use the TROJAN fitted with 50 mm. Super-Safety Lenses. For weld ing and cutting operations use 50 mm. Cescoweld Lenses. Write for our catalog and rumple pair of the type goggle you need. CHICAGO EYE SHIELD CO. 2300 WARREN BOULEVARD CHICAGO ILLINOIS FOOT INJURIES avoided by wearing REECE--All Proof Wooden Sole.... Safety Shoes Catalogue Ho. 1 Sent upon request. Safety "STRONG TOE" Shoe Stock No. 599 REECE Wooden Sole Shoe Co., Inc. Columbus, Nebraska The second Hows from the first-- and is inherent therein. Safety work that will yield by-prodarts must hr sincere; it must, in full faith and honesty, he directed to the, conserva tion of men. There can be no camou flage. Then only will men respond. No one is keener than they to detect insincerity. If they sense that they are regarded as robots, expensive to maim, to injure, to kill, they will not put mind and heart into safety work. There may he some accident reduc tion. Even in that area the work will fall short of its possibilities. But. there can be no good-will dividends, because the confidence and the inter est of the worker is lacking. If you should ask me why the ce ment industry has for some years held the leading position in low frequency of accidents and has twice received the very high honor of the .Joseph A. Holmes award, i must answer that it lies in the sincerity of the industry's interest in its men. First, last, always, we have aimed to protect them. We have saved men, even though insur ance premiums were not reduced. In the process of saving them, we have given them responsibility, we have raised their estimate of them selves. It has been a joy to sec them respond and grow. But if the men. have grown, so too have the managers. If the worker sees somewhat thrjragh our eyes, we how see partly through his. We are more alert to his interest, as he"* to ours. We are broader, more considerate, better managers. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS I .'.lutdder to think of what would ' have happened had safety work not developed. As a young man i had occasion to spend time in Northern Michigan, I was struck by the inunan , wreckage <,t* tin* mines and Iniuber camps, t nitrlies were in common evi dence. That which death concealed was a heavier toil than the crutches revealed. As the years have down, mecha nisms have become more gigantic, swifter, more complex, their ernshiny power greater, (fad there been no safety work, the toll would now cr,\ to high heaven. But safety work, , motivated hv interest in the man. has . snatched the prey from the destroyer. ( other henetifs have ensued. Weiyh | them, as you will, with all your ex- l pert knowledge. Cast up your ae- 1 counts in terms of life and limb eon- I served, of family and community j benefits, of savings in cost. Offer them i all as the contribution of safety work to the common weal. Large will be j the total, astonishingly large even to i the initiated. I Vet I contend that the total will not he complete. Something has been omitted--something of high value, for it works for peace and harmony in that great agency of our social mechanism -- industry -- through which millions of us win our daily bread. That something which you have omitted from the total is good will--the good-will that Hows from safety work that is honest and sin cere. Boss or Leader? ADDING TO Im ULQjrUL AND /n p n r f The yearly toll of accidents saved through the use of Alemite High Pressure Lubrication Systems and Genuine Alemite Lubricants would in itself amply justify their universal adoption. But in addition to this wonderful factor of safety, Alemite adds enormously to production economy and efficiency. Here, then, is a manufacturing Ideal which cannot be overlooked by thoughtful men in industry. Think of a lubrication system which protects the operator against lubrication hazards---both on heavy and light equipment -- while machinery continues in operation at full production speed. HE boss drives his men--the lead Ter coaches them. The boss depends upon authority-- the leader on good-will. The boss inspires fear--the leader, enthusiasm. The boss savs " l"--the leader says `WE." The boss sets tasks--the leader sets the pace. The boss says, "Be here on time"-- the leader gets there ahead of rime. The boss investigates breakdowns-- the leader fixes them. The boss "knows" how it's done-- the leader shows how. The boss makes work a drudgery - the leader makes it a game. The boss supervises work--the lead er directs men. The boss says, ``fro!"-.the leader says, ``Let's go!"--Armco Foremen's Bulletin. Think of lubricants which never melt out of bearings--never drip to the floor--always "stay put" to function as needed. Such is the Alemite High Pressure Lubrication System and such are the complete line of Genuine Alemite Lubricants especially designed for all phases of manufacture. May we, without obligation, survey your plant or any section thereof from the Alemite Lubrica tion Safety standpoint? Please address: Alemite Corporation, (Division of Stewart-Warner), 2634 N, Crawford Avenue, Chicago, III. INDUSTRIAL ALEMITE - Pioneers in Specialized Lubrication for industry NOVEMBER, 1932 (if) KLEINS The Eyes Behind the Windshield {Vontinml from page 36) for Linemen 11NEMEN recognize thatonly the j finest in safety equipment can fie good enough---out on the sticks in any kind of weather-- emergency jobs that must be done immediately--here safety, even life itself, depends on leather and steel. Where safety is the watchword you will find Kleins. In linemen's equip ment, safety first means Kleins first--"since 1857." .'1 national campaignfeaturing safely for linemen is being conducted by Mathias Klein Sant to assist in selling the idea of safely to linemen. Distributed through jobbers Four pampiets of interest to you if uu are a lineman or responsible for the safety of line men. Check the ones you want, o Safety for the Pole Climber C] ''pecifteationaon Linemen1* Belt* and Safety Strap# n The Safety Factor on Linemen's Leather Goods Pocket Tool Guide Mathias Mef | ? HJ &. Sons BBS HkECtlri 3200 BELMONT AVE.. CHICAGO lowered acuity. An eye may he hy glare, and similar disturbances ,lr(, peropic in one meridian and myopic accident hazards. By an instrument in another, or may have any combina known as the giareometer these ,ps. tions of these. The general result is turbanees can be measured. The USP greatly impaired vision, it also brings of proper filtering lens will do mm-h about much eye strain, fatigue, head to neutralize these effects. Light, of aches. and other secondary causes of certain wave lengths is beneficial t0 accidents. < hir studies have shown the eyes. Cheap filtering lens mav be astigmatism to be associated with - more detrimental than valuable. Cur . ideut-nroneness but so far there is no studies have shown that women can evidence mi the exact mechanism of not stand as much glare as men. The this relationship. range of light in terms of scale read- The phorias are quite often over mgs on the giareometer for men is looked by the clinician. For specific from 22 to 9.5 with a mean of tidyi, reasons smaller amounts of phorias Women's range is from 3S to .s5 with are usually not corrected when glasses a mean of 57,4. h><> far as our re are ntted and consequently it is fre searches are concerned there has hern quently passed over as unimportant. no attempt to determine the relation Our researches have shown that im ship between susceptibility to glare balance of eye muscles is associated and night blindness. with aeeident-proneness. Especially the tendency for the eyes to turn in seems to be detrimental. This is known as esophoria. When the eyes actually turn in the condition is known as converging strabismus. Xot enough data has been secured on this extreme form to warrant a statement. When one eye fends to turn up the condition is known as hyperphoria. Diplopia or double vision in this case is particularly dangerous. The driver sees two vehicles coming and cannot orient himself with respect to them. It distorts the perspective. A rail road employee was found on the job who always saw the semaphore in a block or other signals as two--one above the other. It is easy to see how such a condition might cause trouble in driving an automobile. Another class of visual defects is not so easy to understand. Scotomata of the positive and negative types are common. In the positive scotoma the patient sees a spot or opaqueness be fore him constantly. It covers a cer tain portion of the visual held. In negative scotoma only a hole in vision is present. Many times the patient is not aware of it. Anything failing directly in this field is invisible so far as the driver is concerned. La cunae or "holes in vision" are rela tively common and are of considerable trouble to the victim although the di rect cause of the disturbance may not be recognized. It is highly important that such defects be detected and the driver warned of them. Various retinal abnormalities such as night-blindness, susceptibility to One of the commonly neglected points in safety work is the difference between acuity and efficiency in vi sion. To illustrate this point: the writer is slightly myopic or near sighted due in part to a slight astig matism against the rule. Acuity is excellent in most respects. However, when required to attend to some close task for a time, a definite feeling of discomfort and boredom is experi enced. In proof-reading at such times it is very easy to overlook a small error. To be able to see well is one thing and to be able to observe with out a specific effort over an extended period of time is quite another. The former is acuity, the latter efficiency. Eyes working under a strain mean in efficiency. In conclusion it may be well to state that quick examinations of driv ers can be made by traffic bureaus if the proper equipment is used. No concern or state organization can take upon itself the job of correcting vision but it can and should set up the neces sary equipment for determining the minimum amount of vision which the particular job requires for safety. Checks of visual acuity and other simpler measurements can be made quickly to determine these limits. Such a study is now in progress. The objective is to find which defects are most closely associated with accidents, how much of such defects are neces sary before thsydnver becomes an ac cident hazard, and to develop a type of equipment which will make such measurements within the grasp of the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS as erase traffic or safety man. Cor rection of defects will naturally have to be referred to specialists in the field. In the above paragraphs an attempt has been made to indicate some of the problems of vision and their relation to safety. The secondary effects of impaired vision and defective or path ological vision cannot be satisfactorily estimated. Furrher research upon the psyeholnsrical effect of imperfect sense organs and faulty perception will clarify many of these problems. In the meantime it is highly practical that automotive operators have the highest, acuity and efficiency of vision possible. This will be a Inna step in the direction of safety. Civilizing Forces (Continued from page 10) force propelled by a human desire to eliminate suffering. Has the depres sion. killed that desire, or have we come to so desperate a point that our sense of the values of human life are perverted to a consideration of things only temporary! The unqualified answer is "No." Companies that are distributing the 3.933 Annual Safety Calendar believe that safety is an "essential," equally important in good or bad times. They believe that the small amount neces sary to put this cheerful safety edu cator into the homes of their em ployees is money invested wisely and with purposeful effect. Eight now when hopeful signs of economic recovery are sprouting in many fields the 1933 Safety Calendar would seem a happy answer to the employer anxious to brighten up the Christmas season with a remembrance expressing interest and friendship. The Safety Calendar serves as a token of appreciation for past safety efforts, an inspiration for safety in the days to come and as a Christmas remembrance--all in one inexpensive package. It would be practically impossible to make delivery in time for Christ mas distribution on orders received after the middle of November, and we suggest immediate consideration. (57 Machine Guards Erdle Perforated Metai is the easy, practical and economical answer to your machine guard needs. Made in various gauges; No. 22 gauge always in stock. Sheets .56x120 inches with /? inch holes. Your handy man can make up and install any type of guard from Erdle per forated metal. Write for samples and details ERDLE PERFORATING COMPANY 171 York Street Rochester, N. Y. es For Every Kind of Work from White Collar Job to the Foundry ,411 Safety First Shoes Have the Patented Safety STEEL TOES No. 8584 it * high-grade oxford, a dressy shoe with the steel toe that five* the highest degree of protec tion. Sizes 5 to 12. Widths C. D and E. No. 8584 IN every line of work where foot protection is necessary, the secur ity afforded by toes made of coldrolled, heat-treated steel is recognized and Safety First Shoes are worn. They are recommended by safety engineers from coast to coast. No. 6263 U a sturdy, comfortable, protective Foundry Shoe of excep tional wearing quality. i Write for descriptive catalog and new fgw prices on ail Safety First Shoes. No. 6263 Safety First Shoe Co. of Massachusetts Framingham, Massachusetts Flense send me............pairs of No....... ...............Safety First Shoes on memorandum, with full information about your complete line. If they will reduce foot accidents and save n* money, we will gladly help our men to get them. Send size.......... Concern............ ......................................... Position............... Address..................................................................................... Signed......................... NOVEMBER, 1932 1 Four Years of Safety Afloat INFECTION Whatever antiseptic solution you favor, its efficiency in preventing infection is greatly increased when put up in Saf-TTop applicators. Saf-T-Top applicators are well protected in shock-proof wooden cases. One may be carried in the pocket of every em ployee, handy for the immediate disinfec tion of small or large wounds. The patented tip feeds like a fountain pen. This tip is an extremely economical feature, since it allows little or no evapo ration, and involves no cotton swab to soak up and waste your antiseptic. Touching the injury with the tip leaves a clean cut patch or line. For large wounds the antiseptic is ROBERT JL BERNHARD Mfg. Chemist 154 Anderson Ave. Rochester, N. Y. Ot'R active years on the high .seas the accompanying illustration, Mr. Fwithout a lost-time accident is the Tuttle is making the presentation to record of the crew of 32 men aboard (.`apt. W. L. Evan in the presence of the "KS, Herbert L. i'ratt," of the the crew. The certificate says: Atlantic Refining Company, Philadel phia, Pa. In commemoration of such, `This Certificate of Merit is award outstanding service the company pre ed to the officers and crew as a de sented to this vessel on September 11 served appreciation of the record a i 'ertificate of Merit, signed by made hv them in accident prevention Robert C. Tuttle, manager, and J, W. --four years without a lost-time acci VanDyke, chairman of the board. In dent." Shell Petroleum Corp. Makes Outstanding Reduction Jk MONO the winners in the Fetro* * leum Section Safety Contest, trophies for which were presented by the National Safety Council at the Washington Congress, the record of the Shell Petroleum Corporation, St. Louis, Mo., is an outstanding one. During the past six .years this com pany, through persistent accident prevention work, has reduced its acci dent frequency rate from .`<1.4 to H.fcr lost-time accidents per million man hours worked. This has resulted in a reduction in personal injury costs of approximately $`2,000,1)00 during the period. The reduction in number of acci dents over the six-year period is 88 per cent. Accidents in 11)32 were 38 per cent fewer than in 1931. The costs of accidents in 1932 were 24 per cent less than in 1931. These figures are based upon an average number of .1.3,000 employees, working during 1932 a total of 27 million man-hours. Fewer Railroad Injuries Bring Reduced Costs CIGFRES showing that the reduc* tion in number of injuries to em ployees of the railroads brings a cor responding reduction in the cost of such injuries have recently been made public by the 1. ( i`. Bureau of Srafisties. The following table covers the period 192H to 1931, inclusive ; Calendar Tear 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1.931, Total charges to i''a HUH `Injury to Persons" per million Class 1 Railroads man-hours *46,540,772 > 44,983.592 19.4 41,031,791 16,2 41,828,966 13,8 36,743,105 9;4 ?"W:314,297 " ri The above figures are [of injuries to all persons. The federal records NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS What..? A Machine that t* twice as fast? That increases safety for work ers? That re duces waste? u We Can't Afford It/" What would vnu think of a superintendent or any other executive who would thus treat mechanical im provements; Without hesitation, a factory will junk old machines when it is ,h<nvn that new equip ment. new methods, are safer, will turn out more work and better work. Yet many factories still permit floors to be mupped , , , or scrubbed by hand . . . or not cleaned regularly in any way. This despite the fact, proved in thousands of plants, that clean doors tend to prevent accidents, increase diiciency and increase output. Further more, in scrubbing waxing, as in nearly every factory operation, machines do the nib bet ter, faster and at less expense than if done by hand. Let Finnell prove this to you, on your own doors, \ demonstration may he easily ar ranged. Just send us a letter naming the time and place; or ask our representative to call. Address Finnell Svsiem, Ittc., 1011 East Street. Elkhart, Indiana, Even Mopping 1# No Longer Cheap This amsjimg combination Finntil scrube and picks up the water in ana operation. Faster than mop ping and Incomparably better. Dry scrubs, too. nnly one of * complete line. Nine models, Write for <lescnpttve literature, FINNELL EsiJ906 ELECTRIC FLOOR MACHINE SYSTEM OF FLOOR MAINTENANCE For Scrubbing--Waxing--Polishing ................A REAL SAFETY GUARD SERVES a double purpose. It reduces hazards to a mini mum and actually speeds up pro duction. Those who have given the subject consideration know that this can be accomplished. The cut shows a guard of sim ple construction which does not interfere with the easy opera tion of the machine. Complete vision of tools and work is given the operator at any angie. We furnish the sheets--the guard can be made by your handy man. DTeHarrin^on iKin^lerfcrahn^ G. ~ 114 LIBERTY ST., NEW YORK NOVEMBER, 1932 5645 FILLMORE ST., CHICAGO, U.S. A- 70 "DECORATE THE FLOOR WITH THAT GREASY RAGI" ...whispers 'Careless*... and when the worker obeys this sinister urge, he sooner or later deco rates someone's hospital cot. TEACH men the gospel of clean floors...to put greasy rags in safe cans ... to prevent fire, injury and loss. Stonehouse Bldg. 9th at Larimer DENVER COLORADO "STONEHOUSE SIGNS SINCE 1863" CLEAN UP --AND -- KEEP CLEAN BI9-B Ji ISecluce fire hazards... Jjzmw insurance Qtwiecm shop efficiency... JUSTRITE Safety Appliance* are in spected and labeled by the Underwriters, Inc., and theAssociated Factories Mutual Fire Insurance Companies. Protect vour plane--your employees-- mstall the lat est improved JUSTRITE Safety Devices. See your dealers or write us tor interest ing prices and literature. . Justrke Waste Can CapadtT"6 8, 10* 14 gallons JUSTRITE SAFETY CAN For explosive and volatile liquids. Leaking and evapora tion are prevented by automatic spring controlled spout cap. Non-explosive even under.extreme heat. Natural handgrip. Sixes--44 t 5 gallon*! can fee filled direct from tilling nation hose. Na special funnels required. Handy--convenient--sure safety. JUSTRITE WASTE CAN Open* utith Foot--Close* Automatically For oily waste rags and other inflammable material. Auto matic. Foot operated. Leaves hands free, No springs. Port able. Quickly emptied. Non-leakable.Skea 6 to 14 gallons. 1USTBITE MFO.. 0. 2087 SOUTHPORT AVENUE CHICAGO Justrite Safety Can Sizes---! pint to 5 gallons do not make any distinction between charges recorded for employees of the railroads and others. Nevertheless, a decrease in total costs during the sixyear period of over seventeen millions of dollars is an impressive figure. Sectional Officers < Continued from pane 551 Street and Highway Traffic general Chairman--Clifford Davis, V'ireMavor and Commissioner of Fire and Police, Memphis, Tenn. Vice-chairman -- Harold G. Hoffman, Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, Trenton, N. J. Vice-chairman -- Lewis W, McIntyre. City Traffic Engineer. Pittsburgh, Pa. Vice-chairman--0. 0. Janes, Secretary, Ohio State Automobile Amu., Columbus. Ohio. Secretary--Earl J. Reeder. National .Safety Council. Chicago. Textile General Chairman -- Dr. Charles K. Eames, Lowell Textile Institute. Lowell. Mass. Vice-chairman -- Ignatius MacNnlty, American Woolen Co., Malden, Mass. Secretary--Myron B. Jonsberg, H. A. Hale & Co., Boston, Mass. Woodworking and Lumber Manufacturing General Chairman--Roland Jones, Surtv Manufacturing Co., Chicago. Vice-chairman--J, W. Smith. Employers' Reinsurance Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Secretary--M. 0. lioodspeed, Genera! Electric Co., Erie, Pa. News-Letter Editor--L. W. FCerberg, Mengel Body Co., Louisville, Kv. Coming Events Associations featuring safety in their programs are invited to send dates of meetings Nov. 2, Augusta, Me. State of Maine, Fifth Annual Industrial Safety Conference. W. J, Brennan, Safety engineer, Department of Labor & Indus try, Augusta, Me. Nov. 3-4, Winston-Salem, N. C. Third Annual State-wide industrial Safety Conference. E. G. Padgett, direc tor of safety, North Carolina Industrial Commission, Raleigh, N. C. 1933 Jan. 16-20, Detroit, Mich. American Road Builders' Association Annual Convention and Road Show; High way and Build?H|^T!ongress, Charles M. Upham, engineer-director, American Road Builders' Association, National Press Building, Washington, L>. C. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Trophies Awarded IRON AGE > Continued from page '>31 Line Company, Muskogee, Okla., the rec ord being two lost-time injuries. 8,38.202 man-hours worked, and a frequency rate of 3.134. in Group B of this division first place was won by the Ajax Pipe Line Company, (Springfield, Alo., with a record of no losttime injuries and 2.38,335 man - hours worked. First place m the Marine Department was won by the Associated Oil Company, Ann Francisco, Cal., the record being six lost - time injuries, 4S1.579 man - boon worked, and a frequency rate of 13,287. tying showing. The fleets engaged num bered 281. for a total of 22,400 vehicles. In the group of 239 fleets reporting on the mileage basis, 20,000 vehicles covered over 173,000,(100 miles during the six months and averaged 3.17 accidents per iflO.OOO miles. In the group of 42 fleets reporting on the hourly basis, 2,400 vehicles were in operation 3,300,000 hours and the drivers averaged 13.04 accidents per 100,000 hours. First plan? in the various classifications was won by the following fleets; Coca-Cola Bottling Company of New York, Xewark-Asbury Park, winner in SAFETY SHOES Public Utilities Section The Public Utilities Section Safety Con test had 100 units entered, 113,418 employ ees working 273,053,178 man-hours. They suffered 2,854 lost-time accidents, for an average frequency rate of 8,530, although 49 of the units had rates below the aver age. Four units had perfect no-accident scores. First place in the Combination Gas and the Heavy Trucking Division, with an hourly rate of 15.36. Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company, Oklahoma City - Rspulpa, winner in the Public Utilities Division, with a mileage rate of 1.00. City Transfer Company of Honolulu, Hawaii, winner in the Transfer and Stor age Division, with a mileage record of no lost-time accidents. Give Dependable Electric Division, Group A, was won by the Wisconsin Public Service Corp,, Mil waukee, Wis., the record being three lost The Canton. Repository, Canton, O., win ner of the Light Delivery Division, with a mileage record of no Lost-time accidents. Foot Protection! time accidents in 2,802,975 man - hours Pie Bakeries, Inc., Detroit, Mich., win worked, the frequency rate being 1.070. ner in the Dairies, Bakeries and Restau In Group B of this division tirst place was won by the Lake Superior District Power Company, Ashland, Wis., the rec rants Division, with a mileage rate of 1.72. Standard Oil Company of California, Ran Joaquin District, winner in the Petro No matter how careful and alert the worker, foot accidents ord being two lost-time accidents, 519,320 man-hours worked, and a rate of 3.851. First place in the Electric Divisioa, Group A, was won by the Center Power fe Light Company, San Antonio, Texas, with a record of seven lost time accidents, 2,597,402 man-hours worked, and a rate of 2.695. In Group B of this division iirst place was won by the El Paso Electric Com pany, El Paso, Texas, the record being no lost-time injuries in 616,843 man-hours worked. First place in the Gas Division, Group A and B, first place was won by the Keaerve Gas Company, Pittsburgh, Pa,, with a record of no lost-time accidents in 346,072 man-hours. Rubber Section leum Division, with a mileage rate of .92. Southern United lee Company, Tennes see, winner in the Coal and Xce Division, with a mileage rate of .68. The City Transit Company, Cincinnati, O., winner in the City Bus Division, with a mileage rate of 4.93. Coast Cities Railway Company, AUenhurst, N. J., winner in the City Bus Divi sion, with a mileage rate of 2.24. Greyhound Lines, Pittsburgh-Cincinnati, winner in the Inter-City Bos Division, with a mileage rate of .73 for Pittsburgh and .56 for Cincinnati. Paine Lumber Company, Oshkosh, Wis., winner in the Horse-Drawn Vehicles Divi sion, with an hourly record of no lost-time accidents. Tubize Ohatiilon Corporation, with an hourly record of no iost-time accidents, will happen when they are least expected. Well built foot protection is the only depend able way to re?11?,' reduce these accidents. Iron Age Safety Shoes are built to provide that protection which makes the worker un conscious of his feet. His en tire attention can be given to his work. We recommend them particularly for use in--- The Rubber Section Safety Contest had Mexican Petroleum Corporation, Florida- 25 unit companies registered, the 0,907 Texas-Virginia, winner in the Petroleum STEEL MILLS employees working 20,660,197 man-hours. Division for small fleets, with a mileage The average frequency rate for the contest record of no lost-time accidents. IRON FOUNDRIES was 5.760, 13 units completing the contest Rainey-Wood Coke Company, Consho- period below the average. Three units hocken. Pa., winner in the Coal ana Ice GAS AND ELECTRIC PLANTS had perfect no-accident scores. Division for small fleets with a mileage ICE AND FUEL STATIONS First place in the Tire Division was won by the U. 8. Rubber Reclaiming Company, Buffalo, N. Y,, their record being no losttime injuries in 159,429 man-hours worked. First place in the Mechanical Goods Division was won by the IT. 8. Rubber Company (Development Department), Pas saic, N, 3., their record being no lost-time accidents in 83,400 man-hours worked. record of no lost-time accidents. American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, New York City, win ner in the Light Delivery Division for small fleets, with a mileage record of no lost-time accidents. Seven Bakery Brothers, Steubenville, O., winner in the Dairies, Bakeries, Restau rants Division for small fleets, with a mile age record of no lost-time accidents. STONE QUARRIES COAL MINES Carried in stock for immediate delivery. Write for catalog. Fleet Safety Contest The .National Fleet Safety Contest in its first year of activity made a very grati- Hastings Truck Company, Kalamazoo, Mich., winner in the Heavy Trucking Divi sion for small fleets, with an hourly record of no lost-time accidents. H. Childs &-Co., Inc. Established .1817 ^ 813 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. NOVEMBER, 1932 Spitting May Spread Disease THE HONOR ROLL Details of no-accident records in excess of 400,000 man-hours, or 200 working days, are invited for this department HP HIS is the sea.son of the year when sneezing1, coughing and spitting are most prevalent. Don't permit the "cold nialadv" to spread through your plant and wreck your produc tion schedule because of uncontrolled spitting habits. Burnitol waterproofed paper cuspidors, conveniently placed, provide sanitary protection. Encourage your workers to keep their factory-home clean and healthful by this sanitary mea sure. 1.000 cost only $8.60 F. 0. B. Boston or send $330 for a trial order of 250--sent prepaid. Burnitol Manufacturing Company Everett Station Boston, Mass. Worth'. ANTI-SLIP Floor Cleanser SAVES TIME AND MONEY Keeps Dirt Out Modernize your methods of cleaning. New and original floor cleaning and sweeping com pounds for wood, metal, marble, mosaic, terrazzo floors. EASILY APPLIED, merely scatter over floor and and SWEEP with push-broom. This SINGLE and SIMPLE operation lays DUST, takes up DIRT and CLEANS swiftly. LEAVES FLOOR ABRASIVE, protects from injuries due to slipping and automatically reduces liability risks. Approved for use by casualty insurance companies. Obtainable in 10 pound packages or in steel drums of 50,100 and 250 pounds. WORTH MILLING COMPANY, Inc. Middletown, Conn. 36 West 44th Street, New York City Tel.: Mutny-Hili 2, 2050 Associated Industries of New York Five of the manufacturing units ficipating in tin* second annua! elimination sarety vnte.st .-onduefed among member companies by Associate) Industries New York ^tate. iiu*., have >-ompicte,i an entire year as of August 31. 1932, without a lost-time accident. The record* >>f the** five firms are as follow*: Die Pullman < ompany ( Buffalo ^hopsi 1,738,243 man hours worked; M. Wile A i`o,, IncM Buffalo, 1,227,355 man-hours: L, </. Smith < > rona Typewriters, Syracuse, 1*23,319 man hours; L. (*, Smith & Porona Typewriter*. Uroron, 339,213 man-hours, and LaymanBorkwitz-Beott, !ne., Newburgh, 858,900 man-hours. Consumers Power Company The following units of the Consumers Power (Company, Jackson, Mich., have notable safety records, a* of August I, 1932, The entire Western Division of Consumers Power Company has worked since February 26, 1929, without a lost time accident, making a total of 1,676,326 man-hours. Other records are as follows: The Lansing gas distribution department has worked since July 14, 1927. 1,564,073 man-hours. The entire Southern Division has worked since November 19, 1930, a total of 703,762 man-hours. The Kalamazoo gas distribution depart ment has worked since August 12, 1926, a total of 639,502 man-hours. The Alma district has worked since November 6, 1929, a total of 421.454 man hours. The Flint gas plant has worked since September 30. 1930, or 419.655 man-hours. The Kalamazoo gas plant has worked since November 1, 1928, a total of 413.064 man-hours. The Drand Kapids electrical distribution department has worked -once July 28, 1931, or 411,181 man-hours. St. Croix Paper Company The employees of the Bt. Croix Paper Company, Woodland. .Maine, completed a full year without a lost-time accident on September 20, 1932. This is a new and highly prized company record, the man hours totaling 308.906. Four hundred and nineteen employees participated in this accomplishment. M. J. Whittall Associates Every mill in the large group of M. J. WhSttall Associates,' Ltd., Worcester, Mass., reduced its_acddent frequency rate during the fiscal'year ending August L, 1932. The Worcester mill, emptojting 193 persona, worked through the entire year without a lost-time accident. So, also, did the Palmer mills with 4<i employees, this NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Engineers everywhere I being the tirruml `-.tiscrutive year for | * these mills. The Seamless. Palmer, Edg- j i worth ami Dedham mills, employing 196 persons, worked 3ii4,329 man-hours with out a hist-time accident. Total frequency dropped from 12.44 in 1931 to 2,9-> in j 11)3:/, Tufa! .^-verity dropped from .1730 I in 1931 to ,n3I2 in H*32, The total fro1 ffueney >.<f all areidents, including lost! time aeeidents ami those requiring I ml attention from parties not regularly employed by the organisation, dropped from 39,00 in 1931 to 23.4b in 1032, Virginia Electric and Power Co. Employees in the electrical departments of the Richmond and Carolina divisions of the Virginia Electric and Power Com pany. Richmond, Va., numbering xrtn. tn i August 31 had worked through 147 days, i or a total of 715.1U7 man-hours without ! a lost-time accident. On this date the 1 production department of the Richmond district, with 170 employees, had worked J fU days, for 1,201,908 man-hours without f a lost-time accident. | 7?, Automatic Protection A trial order will convince you of the many merits of this anti-slip device Johnson Ladder Shoe Co. EAU CLAIRE, WIS. _______________ ----............. ...................................................-- Safety Costs Less TT'S expensive to handle boiler plate with old-fashioned chains or hooks, which have a tendency to slip, causing accidents. The use of Never Slip Safety Clamps will reduce these expenses, because these clamps do not slip. Two clamps and chains will do the work of four bent hooks and chains, and do it without harming the plate. Even at an angle, Never Slip Clamps will hold work with out slipping, Made in two styles for lifting plates horizontally and vertically. Write .for details Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. Room 513 51 Hast 42nd St. New York City Correspondence WHAT IS A DEMAGOGUE? St. Louis, Mo.--I have just read the Oc tober National Safety Xvws and for th* first time have a eritieism to offer. That is a much better batting average than most magazines can show, yet I think there is small excuse for this particular "strike out." i'nder the heading "Too Much Toler ance" this line appears; "apropos of the investigation of the ronduet in office of a certain dapper and wise-cracking dema gogue." Now I hold no brief for Ex-Mayor James J. Walker, and probably even agree with the thinly-veiled characterization, bnt I do feel strongly that political personali ties should be kept out of these columns. Had "Ex-Mayor" been substituted for "demagogue" there could have been slight offense, though the implication would still have been unfavorable. As a matter of fact, how -does the editor A-nom that Walker is a demagogue? Isn't that merely per sonal opinion? And what connection is there between accident prevention and the personal opinion regarding some par ticular individual in public life? Let's stick to our knitting and we'll turn out a better "sock" against accidents. K. K. Kastham, Director of Personnel At, Louis Public Service Co. Air Passengers Overcome by Carbon Monoxide FOLK passengers in a tri-motor plane Hying between Chicago and Kansas City were overcome by carbon monoxide gas from a defective beater shortly be fore the plane landed at Kansan City on October 11. They were discovered in an unconscious condition when the co-pilot went back to announce that the airport was near, A radio message to the landing held brought ambulances and all four men were re moved to a local hospital. Their condition was pronounced not dangerous. NOVEMBER, 1932 For Pyneh Press Operators IESMAN Guards are automatic. No buttons to push. No levers to work. No adjustments to take the operator's time. Right or left sweep, they keep production at capacity. Wiesman guards not only quickly save their cost in re ducing accident expense, but also pay for themselves in in creased efficiency of unham pered workers. there are over 17,000 in me. Let us send YOU a Wiesman Guard for 30 day free trial, Wiesman Mfgfrompany 31 South St. Clair St. " Dayton, Ohio 74 With the Manufacturer Manufacturers are invited to send in announcements of new products, or improved special features. Only items which can be considered as "news" to our readers will be published HOPPES CAE TOOL The accompanying illustration shows the Prescott Safety Tool set for dosing the latch type hopper ear door. By using it, the manufacturers claim, many haz ards now in practice are eliminated and the door is closed with utmost ease and safety. The tool operates by adjusting the chain through the damp to proper length so that when the hook is attached to the open door, the fulcrum portion of the bar reaches the upper face of the angle ex ROLLING GRILLES AND GATES Cornell iron Works, Inc., 3810 13th street, Long Island City, New fork, have placed on the market the Cornell Bolling Grille, which is available in many shapes and sizes to meet requirements. This Grille, governed by the Cornell system of counterbalance, operates with speed and ease. Larger sizes are operated with simple mechanical means. All equipped with Jocks. The Grilles consist of rolled and pressed steel bars joined News Items The Pyroil Company, LaCrosse, Wiscon sin, announce the adoption of a new trade name label to identify the products of the i'yroil Lubricating Process. tending across the hopper incline sheet, the handle extends at almost right an gles to the side of the car. This is the position shown in1 the picture. The door is then readily closed by puiling the han dle In an almost horizontal direction to ward the car until the door locks. The Prescott Safety Tool is manufac tured by The Trumbull Manufacturing Company of Warren, Ohio. e* LADDER SHOE Bose Manufacturing Company, 2265 South Logan Street. Denver, Colorado, has developed a new corrugated ladder shoe made of automobile tire cord, set in rub ber, known as the "Safe-Hi". Manufacturer.claims this shoe will hold at more than normal working angle on smooth concrete where grease, oil or soap is present. The ridges of mixed cord and rubber act as a series of squeegees, cat ting through the water or grease and making contact with the door. The shoe is made with a spike at the back and where snow and ice is encoun tered, the shoe is simply turned over to rest on the spike. It is light in weight, strong, cadmium plated and will lit any ladder. together with strong ornamental links with straight links in side guides. Travel np and down in two vertical cold rolled steel channel shaped guides, about IVixiy, in. Grille cannot he pulled out of tracks, the manufacturer claims. Grilles when coiled up on horizontal shaft are between 10 and 16 inches in di ameter. Usual installations are made on face of wall, as shown in illustration. They can be made to coil under lintel and if furred in become entirely hidden when open. Statements published on this paae are jij [based on the dabs* of the manufacturer. (I While the National Safety News cannot |* truarantee these statements, they are be- II lieved to be accurate. E. D, Bullard Co., manufacturers and distributors of mine and industrial safety equipment, has enlarged its facilities at Salt Lake (.Stv and Houston. "We think that the last half of 1932 is the start of a new period of reconstrnet ion and progress," said E. W. Bullard. President. "Most organizations have now adjusted their operations. They are look ing forward to the next period rather than still looking back at the period that has passed. A careful check-up of the situa tion leads us to believe that conservative increase in facilities is a wise policy at this time. Therefore our enlargements," The Salt Lake City office of the E. D. Bullard Company in charge of back Coombs, veteran safety engineer of the Inter-mountain, territory, is located at 1620 Walecrest Ave., Salt Lake City. The new address of the new Bullard Houston office, in charge of J. J, Delahide, long identified with safety activities in the Mid-continent territory, is located at No. i Main street, Houston. < ** A. M. Barrett again assumes complete control of the Barrett-Cravens Company, manufacturers of lift-trucks, skids, port able elevators and structural steel storage racks. They will move into their own three-story plant at 3255 West 30th street, Chicago, Illinois, where 75,000 square feet of space will be made avail able for them. MrT Barrett in a recent interview expressed himself well, pleased with the generai outiook and predicts a slow but steady increase of general busi ness for several years to come. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Mine Safety Record Made by Cement Company //THE Alpha Portland Cement Company's mine at ironton, Ohio, has established a safety record for an underground mine which is probably the best of which we have been able to get information to date," said Dan Harrington, chief engineer of the Safety Division of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, recently upon be ing informed of the establishment of a six consecutive year safety record by the employees of this mine. On September 27, 1932, the em ployees of the Ironton mine had operated a total of 2.197 days or over six years without a lost time, partial disability or fatal accident. There was an average of 113 employees for this period, with a man-hour exposure of 569,848. The lowest safety record ever estab lished by a coal mine, according to the U. S. Bureau of Mines, is 475 consecu tive days. This was set by a mine in Virginia which employed approxi mately 250 men, who worked a total of 509,232 man hours in that period. A mine in Michigan holds first place among metallic mines with a record of 591 consecutive days without acci dent, covering 365,129 man-hours ex posure to 103 employees. Safety Contest Winners to Trade Publications for your SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIBRARY Safety Information on File A reference file of trade publications on safety equipment should be a part of every plant's ammunition for the battle of controlling acci dents. A wealth of valuable data and information is yours at no charge and with no obligations. Every executive should avail himself of these publications--much help in the every day problems of efficiency, safety and profitable operation are found in them. Mail the coupon today! 1. Methane indicating Detector. Illus trated pamphlet on indicator for the immediate detection and measurement of methane encountered in coal mining. Linde Air Products Co. 7. Safety Service. A general catalog il lustrating and describing a complete line of emergency, first-aid and safety equipment. Davis Emergency Equipment Company, Inc. 2. Audiometer. Booklet describing the No. 3A Audiometer for use in making aural tests among employees. Western Electric Co. 8. Safety Ladders. Illustrated folder showing steci-truss construction of step and extension ladders. The 3. R. Clark Co. 3. Cutting and Grinding Facts. An at tractive booklet containing information on cutting oils. The proper mixes for use in various operations are carefully ex plained. Sun Oil Company. 9. Welding and Cutting Equipment. A pocket size catalog giving detailed in formation on the variety and characteris tics of cutting torches, welding units and gas pressure regulators. Torchweld Equip ment Co. 4. Double Duty Tire Chains. Booklet gives size and price of tire chains for all makes of motor vehicles. Pyrene Manu facturing Co. 10. Inland 4-Way Floor Plate. Folder describing new non-skid 4-way floor plate for use wherever safety flooring is required. Inland Steel Co. Broadcast Messages 5. Servus Safety Rubber Footwear. Fold BELIEVING that safety on the high er announcing the development of ways is everyone's problem, the Mas safety rubber footwear with non-slip soles sachusetts Governor's committee on street and heels. The Servus Rubber Company. and highway safety has announced a radio safety contest in which every man and woman in the state is invited to partici pate. 6. Protective Apparel. All types of pro tective clothing, leggings, gloves and The committee has asked the public to submit short written broadcasts on any phase of highway safety which the writer safety materials for every need illustrated and described in this 31-page catalog. Made of asbestos, fireproofed duck and cares to stress. These broadcasts will be chrome leather for use in various hazard judged by a committee of live, including ous operations. F. H. Wheeler Mfg. Co. the registrar of motor vehicles. 11. Wall Everlasting Products. Describ ing the complete Wall line of Brazed Steel and t opper Plated products. Also "'all "Oreadnaught" Blow Torches and Furnaces. P. Wall Mfg. Supply Company. 12. Weld-Bilt Products. Skid platforms; two-wheel hand trucks; heavy duty shop trucks; stake trucks; "handy-andy" trucks; steel storage racks. All "WeldBilt" products described and illustrated in this catalog. West Bend Equipment Corp. The broadcasts will be divided into four classes: (1) from the man who drives an automobile; (2) from the man who does not drive an automobile; (3) from the woman who drives an automobile; (4) from the woman who does not drive an auto mobile. Thus the non-owner and nondriver has an equally important place in the contest. After the broadcasts are judged, the winner in each class will read his safety message in person over stations WBZ and WBZA, and each will be a guest of the Governor's committee at a luncheon on the day the broadcast is made. No cash or other prizes are offered. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 20 North Wackcr Drive Chicago, III. November, 1982. Pleaae have sent to me the following publications, numbers.............................................................................. Name ............................................ ,................................................. ........................ Title...................................................................... ............................................................................... .. .................... Company.................................. .................. ............................................................................................. Address................. .............................................................................. .................................. NOVEMBER, 1932 7fi HOLCOMB Steeleather Sleeves are made nf heavy chrome tan leather, completely studded with steel ribbon staples. Furnished in 7, H, and 11 inch lengths. This is only one item in our long list of personal protection products. Write tor complete catalog of Holcomb Safety Garments. "Protection from head to foot." Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Manufactureri 118 N. Jefferson St., Chicago The Cost of One Accident ^EYE INSURANCE BACK in !!U7 .|crors >:niri that Jack S.'hauh vnuld not live sis months. But Soliaub. who was the victim of a serious industrial ac-ci- denr, lived for !"> years parnlyz^i from the waist down. At the tune of his death on August 17, 1922, he had cost the California State Compensa tion insurance Fund $42,227.4!), The hospital costs were $24,942,94; nurs ing services, $14,425, ami physicians' fees, $2,248.46', STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MAN AGEMENT, CIRCULATION, ETC.. REQUIRED BY THE ACT OF CONGRESS OF AUGUST 24, 1912. OF XATtOXAL SAFETY NEWS, published monthly at Chicago, 111., for October l, 1932. .state of Illinois, bounty of Cook, ss. Before me, a .Votary in and for the State and county aforesaid, personally appeared W. H. Cameron, who, having1 been duly sworn according to law, deposes and aav* that, he is the business manager of the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS and that the following is, to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true statement of the ownership, management (and if a daily paper, the cir culation), etc., of the aforesaid publication for the date shown In the above caption, re quired by the Act of August 24, 1912. em bodied in section 443, Postal Laws and Keaulations, printed on the reverse side of this form, to-wit: 1. That the names and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing editor and busi ness managers are: Publisher--National Safety Council, Chi- A real wide - rl*ion, general utility coni* whh Urge furred Jeft3ea, non-eorrodin* metal frame, rentllath4 and rubber-edged *ff> cup*, adjustable bridge, and elaatlc band. Lenses replaceable. New Era Goggles Reduce the Cost of Safety (T^HIS TYPICAL value is offered by way of proving that you can save money by dealing with New Era --whether you buy goggles of our special design or the standard styles for which we are distributors. A Copy of our new Industrial Catalog--it's free for the asking--will show you the economy of purchasing from a house whose 20-year reputa tion is based on selling quality optical goods at lower prices. PYROIL 'ilinpll/ Clltll to Rctfllllt 7 Oil ) -- \ \ N ('Minimizes ^ xH DAMAGE B? t*stahit<thinfr % h*ata f * r-. dilution * y.tf talf-lubrfeatinf mrfaw on all metal, Pyrell mintmtw* friction . , . re* iuc-c? orertvretinK av<Md* many operating hazards. Pyrell proves Us value hj fAery mean* and method of tew !.nsunm*ed for >vcry form of lubrication. A Patent Protected Proom, Strictly Guaranteed. TH& ` UL'POV BRDW HHlWf* A TRIAL TKXT OPKKR LVf> f.VTKR- WITK. TI.VO PROOF. MAIL Manufactured. Patented and <iuaranteed hy moil COMPANY W. V, Kidder, pres. 119 UFollett* Are, LaCraua, Wise., U. S. A. Pyroll Company 115 UFefiette Are., UCresie, Wise., U S. A. Kindly send intcremnjt proof and facta ixmrerning Pyreil. Also, Trial Test Offer, at rv> obligation. N'a^e ........ IAddress ..........,,.............................. ............................... f'ity.,............................................ ..,,, .State..................... Editor--O, T. Fish, Chicago. Managing Editor--None. Business Manager--W, H. Cameron, Chi cago. 2. That the owners are: National Safety Council, an association-- n. W. Bergquist, president, Chicago, HI.; J. I. Banash, vice-president, Chicago; J. E, Oulliney, vice-president, Bethlehem, Pa.; Edward Dana, vice-president, Boston, Mass.; Howard B. Fonda, vice-president. New York City; a. T, Kellmuth, vice-president. Chi cago; John B. Long, vice-president, Albany, N, Y.; Arthur M. Tode, vice-prsident. New York City; A. W. Whitney, vice-president. Sew York City, N. Y,; Dr, C,-E. A. Winslow, vice-president, New Haven, Conn.; Will Cooper, treasurer, Chicago, ill.; W. H. Cam eron, managing director and secretary, Chi cago, ill. 3. That the known bondholders, mortga gees, and other security holders owning or holding l per cent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities are: None, 4. That the two paragraphs next above giving the names of the owners, stockholders, and security holders, if any, contain not oniy the list of stockholders and security holders as they appear upon the books of the com pany, but also, in cases where the stock holder or security holder appears upon the books of the company as a trustee or in any other fiduciary relation, the name of the person or corporation for whom such trustee is acting, is given; also that the said two paragraphs contain statements embracing affiant's full knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon the books of the company as trustees, hold stock and securities in a capacity other than that of a bona fide owner; and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person, association or corporation has any interest direct or indirect in the said stock, bonds, or other securities than as so stated by him. W. H. OAJMERON, Managing Director. Sworn to and subscribed before me this Sflth. day of September, 1932. MYRTLE H. MOLLAN, Notary Public. My commission expires September 29, 1935, Refreshing and Safe That is your assurance when drinking from a Rundle-Spence Vertico-Slant drinking foun tain. Because the water spouts angularly from a jet that is completely protected, lips cannot come in contact with this jet, and that means sani tation. Rundle-Spence drinking fountains can be had in any one of a variety of colors. Our late catalog tells you all about them. Write for it. RtJNDLE-SPENCE MFG. CO. 441 No. Fourth St^. Milwaukee. Wisconsin RUNDLE-SPENCE NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS INDEX TO ADVERTISERS - Alemite Carp........ .... ....................... 65 American Optical Co. American Telephone & Telegraph Co................ 57 2-3 For Foot Protection Bay Company, The ....... .............. 63 Bernhard, Robert A, .... ----- -- 68 Burnitcl Mfg, Co............. - 72 Burroughs-Wellcome & Co. (U. S. A,), Inc. ... 7 Protex To SAFETT SHOE Fuat accidents are frequent, painful and ex pensive, but there's nothing easier to pre vent ! Protex Toe Safety Shoes are made for maximum foot protection and con structed to withstand great impact cr pres sure at the toe and besides, they are com fortable to wear. Here's a source for buying all types of in dustrial safety shoes. Complete stocks, all sizes. Immediate service and prompt ship ments. Write for information and new low prices, JLeost Sclatfi Sd Co. 108 West Lake Street CHICAGO ILLINOIS Chicago Eye Shield Co. ................. . .64 Childs A Co., H...................... ......................................... 71 Chippewa Shoe Mfg. Co............................................... 61 EUwcod Safety Appliance Co.................................... 77 Erdle Perforating Co,..- 67 Flnnell Svatem, Inc.................................................. 89 Harrington & King Perforating Co....................... 69 Holcomb Safety Garment Co,................................. 76 Hynson Weatcott & Dunning, Inc.................... 35 Inland Steel Co..... .......................................................... 5 This Sankey Foot Guard has such strength that it will resist a falling weight of 300 foot pounds -- all any worker can carry. Johnson Ladder Shoe Co,..... -................................. 73 Justrite Mfg, Co................. .................. ................. . 70 Kldde & Co., Walter..................................................... 39 Klein & Son#, Mathias................................................ 99 Libbey-0wen-Ford Glass Co............................. 8 Lima Cord Sole 1% Heel Co..................................... 62 Mine Safety Appliances Co,..................................... 33 It is made of 16 gauge steel, or Rigidlum, an aluminum alloy, which makes it unusually light weight. No interfer ence with the work er's movements. identification This label is for the identification of products advertised in National Safety News. All advertising in the New* is carefully studied bv the Advertistng'Engt' neenng Committee of the National Safety Council and every effort, within its facilities, is made to verify the Naims of the advertiser. Copy that does not meet the requirements of this Committee is rejected and products which are known to be unreliable are barred from the publication. Look for the label in purchasing safety equipment National Safety Council, Inc. 20 No. Wacker Drive, Chicago NOVEMBER, 1932 National Safety Council............................................. ........ ,,...................................inside Front Cover-37-77 Never Slip Safety Clamp Co......... ................. 73 New Era Optical Co,..................................................... 76 Sankey Guards make full foot pro tection possible. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp...................... .......................................... ,,................ Inside Back Cover Pyroil Co. .................................................................-....... Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co.................................... 64 Bundle-Spence Mfg. Co........................... ................. 76 Send the coupon for a trial pair. ELLWOOD SAFETY APPLIANCE COMPANY Ellwood City. Pa. Safety Equipment Service Co................Back Cover Safety First Shoe Co............. .............. ........................ 67 Schiff & Co~ Leon.......................... ............................... 77 Stonehouse Signs, Inc...................... .......................... 70 Taylor-Shantz Co. ................... ......... ............................ 62 Travelers Insurance Co...................... ........................ 80 West Disinfecting Co.................... ...............-.............. 59 Wiesman Mfg. Co.......................... .............................. 73 Williamsport Wire Rope Co................................... 4 Willson Products, Inc................................................. 17 Worth Milling Co., Inc............................................ 72 ELLWOOO SAFETY APPLIANCE CO.. 0,1,................... Elina, City, Pa. Please send us. on memorandum invoice, ............................pairs Rigidlum. ................ pairs Steel Sankey Corrugated Foot Guards, It is understood that these guards may be returned without obligation if they fail to meet our roguironMfK"* Name of Firm........................ ............................... .. Street Address ........................................................................ .. City and State.................................................................. Attention of ................................. .......... .......................... The Buyers' Service AH firm* fisted below are advertisers in this issue--See Advertisers' Index Page 77 ft Occident Prevention Service National Safety Council Anemometers Mia* Safety Appliances Co, Aprons Dam Emergency Equipment Co., irw, Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmoean Safety Equipment Co. Safety Equipment Service Co, r H. Wheeler Mf. Co. Arm Protectors Darts fimergeocf Equipment Co., too, Holcomb Safety Garment Oo. Mitt* .Safety Appllancea Co. Puimostn Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Seme# Co. F. FT. Wheeler Mfg. Co. 0 Badges and Buttons Mina Safety Appllancea Co. Balts--Linemen's Dart* Emergency Equipment Co.. Inn. Klein, Maifciaa A Soc* Mine Safety Appllancea Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Coep. Balls--Safety Daria Emergency Equipment Co., Ino. Methia* Klein A Sons Mine Safety Appllancea Co. Putmoean Safety Equipment Corp. -Safety Equipment Service Co. Belts--Tree Trimmer's Min* Safety Appliances Co. Belts--Window Cleaner** Mine Safety Appliances Co. Blackboards Blankets--Fireproof D*ri* fitoiergeney Equipment < lac, Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Puimoean Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co. F. H. Wheeler Mfg. Co. Blowers--Portable Electric Blow Torches Matbtaa Klria A Son* Brakes, Vehicle, Fewer Buckets* Hoisting Dari* Emergency Equipment C., Bulletin Boards Darla Emergency Equipment Co., ino. Min* Safety Appllancea Co, Pulmoeaa Safety Equipment Oorp. Safety Equipment Serrioe Co. G Car Blockers Safety Equipment Service Co. Car Blockers--Mine Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Car Movers Safety Equipment Service Co. Car Step Treads--Safety Central Iron A St*l Co. inoDart* Emergency Equipment Co., Inland Sferi Co. Carboy fnclinators Safety Equipment Service Co. Carbon Monoxide Detectors. Indicators and Recorders Mine Safety Appliances Co, Chain--Factory Chair*--Safety Boatswain Mina Safety Appliance* Co. Chip and Spark Guards Chicago Eye Shield Co. Dans &nergency Equipment Co., Ino. Safety Equipment Service Co. Clamps and Sockets New Slip Safety damp Co. Cleaning Compounds Worth Milling Co.. Inc. Clothing for Industrial Work er*--See Apron*. Caps, Gloves, Hand Leathers, Leggings, Overalls, Shoes. Clothing, Weatherproof Daria Emergency Equipment Co., Ino. Min* Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Bvyriee Co. Cuspidors--Sanitary Paper Buroltot Mfg. Co. 0 Disinfectants sind Deodorants West Disinfecting Go. Drinking Fotmtain* Kund3fr-8p*aoe Mfg Co. t Elevator Safety Devices DaInrtcs, Emergency Equipment Co., Emblems Charles H- Fash Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Eye Shades--Non-Breakable Chicago Bye Shield Co. Dari* Emergency Equipment Co., Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Us. Expanded Metal Erdle Perforating Co, Harrington A King Perforating Co. Expleeive Containers Dari* Emergency Equipment Co., Ino. fuatrit* Mfg. Co, Mine 8afy Appliances Oo. Safety Equipment Berries Co. P Films or Slides For Rent and Sale National Safety Council Finger Protectors Chicago Eye Shield Co, Darts Emergency Equipment Co., Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safetv Soulnment Serrioe Co. F. H. Wheeler Mfg. Co. Fire Alarms Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Fire Detectors Fire Extangulahers Walter Kidd* 4 Co.. Inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmoeaa safety Equipment Corp. Fireproofed Clothing DaInrloa. Emergency Equipment Co.. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Mina Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Berrtoe Co. F, K. Wheeler Mfg. Co. First Aid Equipment The Bay lb. Robert A. Bernhard Burroughs - Wellcome A Co.. (U, ST A.), Ino. Darla Emergency Equipment Co., Ido, Hynsoa Waetoott A Dunning Mine Safety Appllancea Co. Puimoeaa Safety Equipment Onrp. -safety Equipment Service Co. First Aid to Illness Burrouab* * Wellcome A Co., <T, a, A,). lac. Floor Machines Flncell System, Inc. Flags--Danger Safety Equipment Service Go, Flammable Vapor Indicators Davis fitaergency Equipment Co.. Iso. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Flooring Material*--Safety Dari* Emergency Equipment Co., Tno Inland Steel Co. Flywheel Guards Daria Emergency Equipment Co., loo. Erdle Perforating Co. Harrington A King Perforating Css. Foot Guards Daria Btoergency Equipment Co,, Ino. Sllwood Safety Appliance* Co. Mine Safety Appliances Do. Safety Equipment Berrios Co. Footwear--Rubber Mine Safety Appliance! Go. Fuse Pullers Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Q Gas Detectors Dainvis* Kmergenry Equipment Co-. Min* Safety Appllancea Co. Germicides Germicide--1 utting Oil Wt Disinfecting Co. Glass, Non-Shatterable Chicago Eye Shield Co. Min* Safety Appliances Co. Llbbey-Owens-Ford Glaas Co. Pulraoean Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Serrioe Co. Gloves sad Mittens Chicago Eye Shield Co. Daria Emergency Equipment Co.. Ino. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. PuClmoomsan Safety Equipment Safety Equlommt Service Co. V, m Wheeler Mfg. Co. Hooks, Linemen's Belt Dari* emergency Equipment Co., ino, Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Equipment Serrtr* t> Hooks--Safety Hoisting Never Blip Safety Clamp Co, Hospital Equipment Burroughs - WeNrome & "o <CI, 8, A.), inc. Dans fhaergency Equipment Co.. Ino. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Safety Equipment Serrica Co. I Inhalators Daria Emergency Equipment Co . Inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Insurance Travelers insurance Co. 4 GaifUt American Optical Co, Chicago Eye Shield Co. Daria Emergency Equipment Co., Ino, Mine Safety Appllancea Co. New Brs Optical Co. i*u!mosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co. WlUton Products, r** Jointer Guards Daria Emergency Equipment Co.. Ina Safety Equipment Service Co, Standard Safety Equipment Co. L ""a..Sirens,Horns and other gnaiing devices Mine Safety Appliances Go. Guards--Safety DaIhrei*, Emergency Equipment Co., Erdle Perforating Co. Harrington 4 King perforating Co. Safety Equipment Serrioe Co. N Hand Cream Dari* Emergency Equipment Co., loo. Mine Safety Appliances Cb, Ladders--Safety Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Ladder Shoes Daria Emergency Equipment Co., ino, Johnson Ladder Shoe Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Safety Equipment Berries Co. Lamp Hangers Lamp Locks Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Safety Equipment Service Co, Lamps--Safety Dari* Emergency Equipment Co., ino. Mine Safety Appliance! Co. Lantern*--Electric Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Dari* Emergency Equipment C< ino, Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Min* Safety Appliances Co, Ptilmoaan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Serrioe (Jo. F H- Wheeler Mfg. Co. Leggings Daria &Tj*rgency Equipment Co.. Ino. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Puimoean Safety Equipment SaCfeotryp.Equipment Service Co. t>\ H. Wheeler Mfg. co. Hats--Safety Dari* Emergency Equipment Co,, In, Min* Safety Appliances Go. Lighting---Industrial Linemen's Protectors Helmets Daria Emergency Equipment co.. Ino. w-y. Mine Safety Appllancea Co. V i, rhdmoaan Safety Equipment twji, auxw uJ. Davis Emergency Equipment loo, Holcomb Safety Garment Ci Mine Safety Appiiaooe# Co. Puimoean Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Serrioe Co f\ L Wheeler Mfg. Co. Corp. Safety Equipment garric* Co. Linemen's Tool Bag* Dana Emergency Equipment Co,. Ino. -Safety Equipment Serrioe Co. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 79 Lockers end Hangers tor Oothmg Lubrication FfTOil Co. Lubrication Bystem* Vrmite Cnrp. M Masks Chicago Eye Shield Co, i>am Emergent-* Equipment Co., (tie. iHti* Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosso Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co. Masks--Navy Type Min# Safety Appliances Co, Mats--Standing, Safety Davfs Emergency Equipment Co., fno, O Oil Cans Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc, Mine .Safety Appiiances Co. Safety Equipment Berries Co. Oxygen Breathing Apparatus funs Emergency Equipment Co-, fnc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Paint Remover Pneumonia Tents Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Saw, Safety i>*n* Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc, Mine Safety Appliances Co, Slings--Safety Wire Rope Sterilizing Equipment Power Press Guards Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Cq.. foe. Hafety First Equipment Co. Taymr.Shant* s o Wiesman Mfg. Co. Prise Awards Mine Safety Appliance! Co. saw Guards Hftfn? Equipment Service Co, Scaffolding Scrubbing Machines--Electric FTonell System. Inc. Surgical Dressings Mine Safety Appliance'* On. Burroughs * Wellcome A Co, OJ. 8, A.j. Inc. Switchboard Mats and Floor ing Cavil Emergency Equipment Co , Inc. Pyrotannic Detector Mine Safety Appiiances Co. Shaper Guards Shoe Heel--Non-Slip T R Rail Clamps Shoe Soles--Non-Slip Davis Emergency Equipment Co., I no. Urns Cord Sole & Efwl Co. Tools--Linemen's Daria Emergency Equipment Co., Inc, Klein, Mathias A Son* Respirators American Optical Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Maris l&pergecicy Equipment Co., inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. PulraossA Safety Equipment f'orp. Safety Equipment Service Co. Willson product*. Inc. Shoes--Factory and Foundry Child* A t`o., H. Chippewa Shoe Mfg. Co, Maria Emergency Equipment Co-, Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Keer* Wooden Sola Shoe Co, Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety First Shoe Co. Snuff. Leon A Co. Tools--Non Sparking Fulmoean Safety Equipment Corn. Towel Cabinets--Paper West Disinfecting Co. Resuscitation Equipment Paris Emergency Equipment Co., Inc, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Signs Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Stonehnuie Signs, Inc, Traffic Markers Safety Equipment Service Co. Trestle*--Safety Extension V Vending Machines--Sanitary West Disinfecting Co. W Washroom Equipment-- Industrial Washers--Safety, for Grind ing wheels Waste Cans Dainvois, Emergency Equipment t,o.. .fustrit* Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Puimosan Safety Equipment Oorp. Safety Equipment Service tjo. Water Coolers Kundle Spence Mfg. Co, Welding Equipment Wet Finishing Processes, Laundry A Textile P Pads--Knee Wine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Berries Co. Safety First Equipment Co. Rock Dusters Min* Safety Appliance- Co. Rope--Wire Williamsport Wire Rope Co. Sirens and Signals FHfftl Electric Co. Treads--Safety Davis Emergency Equipment Co-. Inn Inland Steel Co. Window Cleaner Slides--L a a t e r n--Also see Films or Slides Tree Trimming Wrenches--Hopper Car Safety Equipment Service Co, Industrial Safety Market AS a service to our readers, we endeavor to main*"* tain a complete list of the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. If you do not find what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon beiow, and we will have forwarded to you without charge, or obligation, detailed information and catalogs on material to meet your requirements. i National Safety News, 20 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago Please have forwarded to me from various manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs, etc., on the following material: Specifications: (Be specific as to size, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices are wanted.) Company ..... Address ...... Your Name NOVEMBER, 1932 1 THIS PAMPHLET MAY BE OF ASSISTANCE TO YOU UJbat a Citu or o Com muniFt! Con Do b Sov Lives, Limbs and Dollars on it*s Streets and Hi<|ktti(M|$ w# Plan for a fTlonl-h of Intensive Effort ' --iM, J- The problem may be national but the solu tion comes down to the individual. He can be reached effec tively through a com munity effort. H.SERE is a safety pamphlet V that may prove of service to you in connection with automo bile accident prevention work. This publication sets forth a comprehensive program in concise form that may be used as the basis of community safety activities COPIES AVAILABLE FOR THE ASKING ADDRESS: PUBLICITY DEPARTMENT THE HARTFORD TRAVELERS The Traveler: Insurance Company The Travelers Indemnity Company. The Travelers Fire Insurance Company ^CONNECTICUT NATIONAL SAFETY' NEWS TYPICAL POST-CONVENTION SCENE I G.M.: "What's it like?" S. E.: `It has a Filtering apparatus to be installed outside the building. A blower inside draws in pure, filtered air and passes it through a pipe line to the workers. This line is tapped in as many places as necessary for the workers. From each tapping a hose line with a Fulmosan Respirator attached, is run to the men." G. M.; "Sounds logical. What are the advantages?" S. E.: "The respirator keeps out the dusts and fumes and the fresh air intake assures our men of pure, outdoor air. The respirator is regulated so that there is no forced breathing or excessive pressure." G. M.: "Get the details and the cost for our plant. It's worth investigating." S. E.-. "0. K., I'll write Fulmosan about our present set up and let them recommend the procedure and cost."* * P. S. The cost is much lower than you think. We'll be glad to send an estimate to any Safety Engineer who outlines his present set up and requirements. Write NOW) PULMOSAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT CORP. 1 76 Johnson Street Brooklyn, N. Y. Michigan Distributor: THE BOyER-CAMPBELL CO., Detroit AGAIN "Safety Service" writes a new page in goggle history, to oiler the cup type composition goggle, first to introduce such trailblazing refinements as light weight combined with great strength, com fort---insuring design, greater ventilation, annealed toric lenses and the self-adjusting flexible nose bridge, "Safety Service" again emphasizes its undisputed leadership by offering a new and better goggle--the unproved 50 nun. Super-Drednaut. Not only does this new and larger-sized goggle meet the Federal Specifications---it embodies features of advanced design that make it by far the coolest and most comfortable goggle on the market. In the new Super-Drednaut we give goggle buyers the same quality, the same sound design that was pioneered by Super-Drednaut six years ago and that has set the pace for all other manufacturers in the succeeding years--plus these improvements and refinements: 1 -Larger caps--larger (50 mm.) tense*--But with less hulk. 2-- -Wider vision resulting from improved design of cups and larger lenses. 3-- increased ventilation because of improved de sign and greater screen are*. .*--Stronger lenses. As Super-Drednaut pioneered in adapting tone lenses to industrial goggles, so Super-Drednaut now pioneers in offering optical glass teases made by a special annealing process that insures toughness and strength never be fore available in goggles. 4-- Greater comfort because of improved cup design 6--Lifetime Guarantee to replace any eoggie broken and increased ventilation. in service. A sample of the new improved 50 mm. Super-Drednaut Goggle will be sent for your examination. Send for yours today. SAFETY EQUIPMENT SERVICE CO. BUELL W. NUTT, President ri