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. U.S. DJ'I'ARTMKNT OF LA llOR
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Occupational Safety anJ Health AJiainistratitm
WASHINGTON, DC 20210
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0S11A FROCHAM DIRECTIVE 200-35
m3^ Y 0?
To: Associate Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Regional Directors/0
</* t t% *
Subject: Citations and Inspections Regarding 29 CFR 1910.93q, Standard for Exposure to Vinyl Chloride
ROTE: By order of the court, the
tive date of the standard vas
changed from January 1, L975.*to \pril 1, 1975^.
Attachments:
! Federal t
Va? 1910: 29 CFR 1910.93q, Subject:
"Standard ^5bk-cxps>^ure to Vinyl Chloride", dated
Oct eu 4 J
.< 2.^Fcdd^a/TRoister, Part 1910: 29 CFR 1910.93q, Subject:
V^vtfnda>'d for Exposure to Vinyl Chloride; Corrections",
ecember 3, 1974.
V Air
OSHA Sampling
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5 Federal Register, Part 11: 30 CFR Parts 11.2 and 11.2-1, Subject: "Respiratory Protective Devices, Tests for Permissibility; Fees dated March 15, 1973.
6 Federal Register, Part 74: 42 CFR 74, Subject: "Clinical Laboratories"
1. Purpose
*
This directive provides guidelines to be followed in inspections, and where
necessary, the issuance of citations, regarding the standard on vinyl 1 chloride contained in 29 CFR 1910.93q. *
2. Documentation Affected
This directive cancels OSHA Program Directive #200--29, Subject: "Citations and Inspections Regarding 29 CFR 1910.93q, Emergency Temporary Standard for Exposure to Vinyl Chloride", dated May 22, 1974; Field Information Memorandum #75--4, Subject: "Inspections Regarding 29 CFR 1910.93q, Standart for Exposure to Vinyl Chloride, dated October 4, 1974",tdated January S, 1975; Memorandum for Assistant Regional Directors, dated February 5, 1975 Subject: "Enforcement of 29 CFR 1910.93q Exposure to Vinyl Chloride", and Tentative OSHA Sampling Data-Sheet,#!.
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In ocher words, when placarding, as specified by
DOT, is nou sufficient to meet the label require
ments as outlined in the 0SI1A standard, 29 CFR 1910.93(1) supplemental and/or additional labeling will be
required. The word "legible" as applied to labels on transportation vehicles would mean that the label or lettering should be similar in size and distinction
9
to the required DOT emergency and warning instructions.
(3) "(b) Definitions. (1) 'Action level* means a concen tration of vinyl chloride of J^S ppm averaged over an 8-hour workday.**
I
(4)
(a) The standard provi
'action level" of 0.5
ppn TWA, one-halp^ oy*^.*v p missible exposure limit.
The purpose of van .Qjke&ioyr level" is to exempt enploywho have/att^y'edy^iposure levels well below the
permissibleyli:3.t frexf some provisions of the standard.
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For example,i-v^r^'iovgnrs who are below the action level
are noLt-y/Jr.eofc^i^d ttUo provide medical surveillance or
to mo tij/f uunless the employer has reason to tal^Tt n<*Wy eemmployee is exposed in excess of
vel.
y* means any occurrence such as, but not
d
ment failure, or operation of a relief is likely to, or does, result in massive release of vinyl chloride.
iiMassive release refers to an unexpected release of vinyl chloride.
breakage might cause massive release, irhereas a pipe leak might release only a small amount of VC and therefore not be considered massive release. Also heat sealing, such as meat wrapping, would not be expected to cause massive release.
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(5) "(6) `Fabricated product1 means a product made wholly or partly from polyvinyl chloride and which does not require further processing at temperatures, and for times, sufficient to cause mass melting of the poly vinyl chloride resulting in the release of vinyl chloride."
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*Wass meltingf' is the loss, by thermal processing, (a) * of the structural form or identity of a material*
such that a physical forming process is required
to maintain or recover such original form (if
such maintenance or recovery is desired)
(6)
Permissible ex
limit.
(a)
The time necessary for an OSHA CSliO to obtain a
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lour i
____ nted Average (TWA)
of the employee * s exposure HI1 have to be deter-
mined by the CSliO makin 'i e j. a
ion
rod snm ,nr. o
r.
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mine the VC concent
-'hourNj-:orkdav~ to deterferred to intermittent
sampling or part ip*:
ri
period samp rvTi-ayfnojU a
possible for n
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. ling. However, liys be practical and/or
, he or she will
have to ex M sample ac
her best judgment and In all events, the samples
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sampled
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TWA CaTa +
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where C T
concentration of vinyl chloride during any period of time
duration in hours of the exposure at . the concentration C.
To illustrate:
Two hours exposure at 0.2 ppm. exposure
Two
Substituting the information in the formula:
8-hour TWA
2.05 ppm
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(6) As stated earlier, continuous sampling for 8 hours .
may not always be practical and/or possible. For
example, 6 hours of continuous sampling of the
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8-hour period may be deemed satisfactory, providing
the concentration of vinyl chloride in the atmosphere
is sufficiently greater than the exposure limit of
* 4 *
* 1 ppm. As a ''rule of thumb.*1 assuming no error in
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or analytical method, for a
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6-hour sampling period^ the concentration should be
at least 1.33 ppm to be sut
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(7) "(2) No employee may'oe ^exito:;*
o vinyl chloride
at concentrations^rq*%erHfnnpSS ppm averaged over any
scpd'cl iiv*^
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i:I (a) a ceiling of 5 ppm averaged errpa not exceeding 15 minutes. Usually
ijti sample for a full 15 minute period.
^on would be when, in a period less than
s, the concentration of,vinyl chloride is + i*
i
t to exceed 5 ppm averaged over the 15
t:
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h minute period. For example, 45 ppm in 5 minutes.
*
I (8) 11 (3) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride
i by direct contact with liquid vinyl chloride.*1
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<a) Direct contact means skin contact with liquid
vinyl chloride.
(9) A program of initial monitoring
and me
all be undertaken in each establish-- v
i meht to determine if there is any employee exposed,
)*4 without regard to the use of respirators, in excess of
i the action level."
(a) The sta
individual cm
exposure levels be determined
trv il 1
1975.
monitori
ran ill be acceptable
as long as
IV a lid deterrainati
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exposure
an
11IL * employees, without-.
r regard to the use ot respirators.
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(b) The selection and number of employees necessary for personnel monitoring to determine if any employee is being exposed, will be dependent upon.
but not limited to.
area and op
on
<he work practices in "force. The exposure of hch
ec must be represented, even thomisl
C be personally monito
(10)
*M(2) Where a determination conducted under paragraph (d)(1) of this section shows any employee exposures, without regard to the use of respirators, in excess of
the action level, a program for determining employee shall be e-ctabiished. Such a program:
Shall be repca
ast monthly where any
employee is of respira
P',j;/aV *fhout regard to the use"* execcsss of the permissible
exposure
w Sh a13/bp<?: f,?
not less than quarterly
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oyec is exposed, without regard
. in excess of the
.3.-'%
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(11)
"(3) Vfhenever there has been a production, process or control change which may result in an increase in the release of vinyl chloride, or the employer has any other reason to suspect that an employee inay be exposed in excess of the action level, a determination of employee exposure under paragraph (d)(1) of this section shall be performed.1*
*
(a) ers within the scope of the standard are required to conduct initis monitoring. Where results of the monitoring are below the action level, no further monitoring is required unless changes have been made in production, process, control, type of resin or the employer has other reason to suspect that any employee may be exposed
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in excess of 0.5 ppm VC Then n dctcrmina
of employee ox
within
or...
exposure*
(12) "(4) The method of monitoring and measurement shall
I have an accuracy (with a confidence level of 95 percent)
of not less than plus or minus 50 percent from 0.25
through 0.5 ppm, plus or minus 35 percent from over
0.5 through 1.0 ppm, and plus or minus 25 percent over
1.0 ppm. (Methods meeting these accuracy requirements
are available in the "NI0SH Manual of Analytical
Methods*')."
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" means that the cmpxoyer j.t> xeqviired 6'"Take a sufficient number of measurements so tha^th^e results obtained arc
statistically valid
The CSllO will trfTni ro.jS^for yfnyl chloride following
the procedure:Lft^d irfthe "OSHA Sampling Data
Sheet
^attk^ i&xS The OSHA Salt Lake City
Laborapdrv^^Jd. de /<*rmi
It .of 1
pies submitted by OSHA CSHO's
provided in the "NIOSH Manual of ^iDt^al^Kcthods" (attached).
may use any method or procedure they long as the accuracy is equivalent Co
than, that of NIOSH/OSIIA.
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snouid includ
not
limited to, dfetc"of "monitorin, s
and tawilyeiTral procedures employed^ lostru
ncentration results
employe
ocial security number Cl
pertinent
maintained not
less than
ar
ecs or
representative shall be provided access and allowed
to copy their records^
(13) "(e) established where
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(1) A regulated area shall be
(i) Vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride is manu factured, reacted, repackaged, stored,* handled or.used, and
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(ii) Vinyl chloride concentrations are in.excess.of the permissible exposure limit.*'
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(a) Where processes arc already in operation* monitoring shall be accomplished and regulated areas .subsequently established by April 1 1975* It is recommended that new processes be monitored within one week and renulatcd areas established
as soon as possible after results of thc__cionitorin are available. The permissible exposure limits arc 1 ppm TWA for 8 hours and 5 ppm averaged over any period not exceeding 15 minutes
e'Tev
k
e in a
is in excess
\ for 8 hours or 5 pj>m averaged over any .?
eriod not exceeding -4 t^inutes. that wor
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(14) "(2) Access to regulated areas shall be limited to
authorized persons. A daily/ro^ter shall be made of
t:.:
* authorized persons who en
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The
consist of legible signatures,
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Illegible nan and/or
fr" jtfvr ^he ctefily roster sheet will be
' vt
* I `'as/xailure to keep a bona fide log.
iall be kept for at least 30 years*
compliance. (1) Feasible engineering ce controls shall immediately be used to
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f ures to at or below the permissible exposure
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"Immediately" means that at the time of the
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engineering and wor
actice cont f
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available for X*
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implemented by the employer to the degree
'
* possible at the time of the OSHA inspection*
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<c) The amount of time which should be permitted for full procurement and utilization of abatement engineering controls will be dependent upon many factors* Sometimes, at best, the time will only be an estimate. This should be arrived at only after discussions between the appropriate managers, representatives and OSllA officials. When necessar OSHA personnel at the regional and national levels
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should bo utilized, both ployecs and employer
should be considered in assessing time. Always,
provisions must be made for employee protection
during the interim period prior to completion of
engineering modifications, Normally , when'The'*' `
abatement calls for engineering
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procedure for multistcp abatement will be foUovr..,
multistep abatement will probably
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require media
of personal protective
devices and/or administrative controls an
rcsu3 t ant cn g i nee ring mod if i cat .ions to be
completed within a ecific period of tine.
<d) Progrcss reports pf the abatement on a periodic basis shall be invited and encouraged. Such
progress reports jshoiMd specify in detail \:hat 9 *
i *
has been done^^nac retrains to be done, a tine schedule of^<*xpf?U<?fj completion dates and a
statementx'of annicoA'problems encountered. Specificd^^C'^shou'^d be indicated in the stip
rof* eabif milestone to be reached*
(16)
___ IrttatrJbe
is r.t>t t omen t ateTThen a rentres t "an
fctftd ta. *
'T *
quest should not
a Director. abflTemen
1- _ b- i
looked on
OStiA r\ny `such >
lav or until*.
sufficient evidence is submitted by the employer^
which vrould support an extension of abatement.
For guidelines see OSHA Program Directive
#200-33, Subject: Changes in Procedures:
Petitions for Modifications of Abatement .Dates
and OSHA Progran Directive #200-34, .-Subject.
Abatement Periods.
**(g) Respiratory protection. Where respiratory pro
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tection is required under this section:1
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(1) The employer shall provide a respirator which meets the requirements of this paragraph and shall assure that the employee uses such respirator, except that until D^emoei//3l^l975, wearing of respirators shall
be at the discretion of each employee for exposures not in excess of 25 ppnu measured over any 15-minute pex*iod. Until D^fenocr^L, 1975, each employee who
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provide an Appropriate'
each employ ce 15y order of
court the date quoted above, December
1975, was extended.....t.o......A.....p...r..i..l....1...,.....1..976. The
31,
respirator must be used by the employee except
that until April 1, 1976, where the exposure
is not over 25 ppra measured over any 15-ninute
period, the employee may elect not to wear
the respirator. The employer must, never
theless, provide the respirator for the employee
who elects not to wear the respirator, and inform him/her, at least quarterly, of the
hazard
purpose.
ecrnlo
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mu
c*r*pohv.rc/1 eve 1 goes over 25 ]^pm Tnen tne Tn "Tail be notified ir.rr.eel lately of the cxposurcy'U.evel and required to wear the
o p ate respirator
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R&tPpxra^ors shall be selected from among those
in ,t?fcvKPI>^vcd
the Mining Enforcement Safety
dp^i^tr/^cion, Department of the Interior, and the
Evrr^tfnal^InsLitute for Occupational Safety and Health
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provisions of 30 CFR Part 11*"
f
? July,
Upplenented in
September 197A, January 1975 and all subsequent
supplemental revisions).
vO-jm, buuyec-.
(b) Those respirators set forth in 29 CFR 1910.S3q r
(g)(A) subparts (i), (iii), (iv), (A),
j
(iv) (B), (ii) (C), (vi) (A), and (vi) (B)
have been approved by H10SH and are commercially
manufactured.
(c) A correction notice in the Federal Register, December 3, 197A, page A18AS for the issue dated October A, 197A is as follows: In 29 , CFR 1910.93q(g)(A)(ii)(B), first line (2nd column 35897 by changing "Type" to read Combination type*" Also, paragraphs (iii) through (v) were renumbered as (iv) through (vi and a new paragraph (iii) was inserted and reacf
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follows: 11 (ill) Not over 1000 ppio
.
Type C supplied
air respirator,
continuous flow type,
with full or half
facepiece, helmet or
hood"
s
(18)
*
11 (3) A respiratory protection program meeting the requirements of 1910.134 shall be established and maintained."
(a) A program of standard procedures for
respirator use,
, and maintenance shall
be developed by the employer
n
!
Employees
trained in the proper use,
select!
of respirators. Possible
emeradne,
v as routine uses, shall be
anVxc!
planned for and personnel shall
4,jt:iai^with all procedures.
4
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Issuance and
tt
Random inspections shall be conducted by the supervisor to assure that respirators are properly selected, used, cleaned, maintained and stored.
(e) All requirements of be complied with.
shall
replaced prior^to the inspiration` of thfeir service
the end "trf "Tfce ~ shl f t irfw!
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(a) Service life refers to the length of time the cannister or cartridge is effective in keeping the filtered air below permissible limits.
"(ii>
concent rations
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employees vjhen vinyl chloride concentrations exceed the allowable .concentrations for the devices in use."
(a)
O-lo PPM
10-35 PPH
fs~lpotH. & A
i.co>
&A
* hot
flgfta fir* her prey irators are in use.
The purpose to inunediat
supervisors and employees when VC concentrations
pteeti_____________ in uGGi. Vilcn the exposure con
centration ex
s' the respiratory protection,
corrective action shall be taken at once*
Employees shall bp. removed from the area and
not permitted reentry until the concentration
of VC has been lowered and/or the proper
respirators are worn.
in hazardou clean polyv shall be
(1) Employees engaged luding entry of vessels to idue from vessel walls, quired to wear and use:
%
in accordance with
this section, and
f/
J^?OTtecl>^vc garments to prevent skin contact l^^i^/vinyl chloride or with polyvinyl chloride
vessel walls. The protective garments
selected for the operation and its possible
conditions.11
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(22)
Eut in all instances the CS110 must exercise judgment os to suitability of the protective garments being selected and
utilized*
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"(i) __ ________
____
A written operational
plan for emergency situations shall be developed for
each facility storing, handling, or otherwise using
vinyl chloride as a liquid or compressed gas."
(a) Emergency situations apply particularly to monomer plants, polymer plants and trans
portation activities.
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(23)
" (2)" Other employees not so equipped shall evacuate the area and not rclurn until conditions arc controlled by the methods required in paragraph (f) of this section and the emergency is abated."
(a) This work practice controls shall immediately be
used to reduce exposures to or below the
*/,*
permissible exposure limit. Vnicnevcr feasible
engineering and work practice controls are
not sufficient to reduce exposure to or below
_ Mute - __M
the permissible limit.
(24)
--
supplemented by respiratory
protec^ioii' in^accordance with 29 CFR 1910.93q(g)
i
" (j )
sjrEach employee engaged in vinyl
chloride or polyvinyl chloride operations shall be
*
provided training in a program relating to the hazards of vinyl chloride and precautions for its safe use."
OK* y
As of April
- in VC or P
egardlcss of how
minimal >nie
csuullttss, sc hall be
traine coiv^g.f;nin^ the carcinogenic hazard
ppdvif'iQ^j
the standard. They also shall
j e sQ yHLI* cd
respiratory protection; its
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proper use and limitations.
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(25) V<H\ 1 Jifaterials relating to the program shall be provide upon request to the Assistant secretary and rector. it
(a) This means that all materials relating to the training program shall be provided by the employer to the Assistant Secretary and the Director, if and when the Assistant Secretary* his designee, or the Director should request
them.
(26)
"(k)
A program of medical
surveillance shall be instituted for each employee
exposed, without regard to the use of respirators,
to vinyl chloride in excess of the action level."
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The in .dicnl surveillance program shall be
instituted as soon as possible after the
monitoring results are received. Monitoring
shall be in progress by April 1, 1975. The
medical program is applicable and must be
instituted for each employee v/ho is exposed
in dhBwrtff
. The employee is
afforded the opportunity for the medical
examination and tests at no cost to him.
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(27)
he modicalsurveillanccgequirements do
nevally apply**
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"(23) Each employee
osedito an emergency shall be
afforded appropria me Leal surveillance."
.ll * *
(a) Medi
<CTfc erntidn should be rendered as soon
V
pj* ter the emergency occurs.
tpdYopy<Cateness of surveillance, the kind
yven-^an
whena Jr
t
the medical. 1
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aid_ f l
is
rendered
ft&fc bp^in direct relation to the gravity
`d fc'vpe of emergency. A medical person.
' (c sult.ant or staff) employed by the cstablishf nt must make the decision as to the adequacy
and appropriateness of medical surveillance being
practiced. Further specific delineation is not
*
feasible.
A statement of each employee's suitability for
continued exposure to vinyl chloride including one of
protective equipment- and respirators, shall-be--obt-itte<l / from the examining physician promptly after any
% *
examination. A copy of the physician's statement shall
be provided each employee."
9
rmffTfp
jjtoTmridnd to the respective emp
within 2 weeks, but no
onuer
V JBMBtrii- v'vk.'
than
4 week _________ _______ --*
(29)
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"(5) If any employee's health would be materially impaired by continued exposure, such employee shall be withdrawn from possible contact with vinyl chloride."
(a) Withdrawal from exposure shall not be based solely on results of required medical tests. The employer is required to obtain a state ment from the examining physician of the
* * employee's suitability for continued exposure, after the examining physician has cor-'etr-d
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r (31) "(1) Signs and labels'1
(a) Signs and labels must be legible. They
must also be Informative and distinctive
.enough to alert and warn employees of the
potential hazards. There arc no requirements
on the size, color, or type of lettering on labels ; onJ-y lat they are legible.
\*
CSHO will keep in mma une in tent and purpose
of the label and/or sign (employee protection)
when determining whether or not they are
legible, lie will make certain that nothing
detracts from the required warning or the
information and `Instructions necessary for
assurance of the employee's well being.
ilia hf? mace an
e upon
request fc er^jiaatipn and copying to authorized
Crrep re s ep^Ta t jr`vep>o f
DirccJt^r.
Assistant Secretary and the
Jfh ^
r
means that the records required shall
e made available to the CSHO during
t
t inspection.
f -* i
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\ (1) Not later than 1 month after
i
he estab
frcxit of a regulated area, the following
information shall be reported to the OSHA Area
1 1#
Director.
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(a)
!I
information to the OSHA Area Director
t*
June
for the establishment
i of new reculatcd area
4 m (34) "(2) Emergencies and the facts obtainable at that
i t time, shall be reported within 24 hours to the 0S11A
Area Director. Upon request of the Area Director,
!!'. the employer shall submit additional information in
tp>
writing relevant to the nature and extent of employee exposure and measures taken to prevent future emergencies of similar nalurc."
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(37)
(b) By order of the court, "Until January 1, 3.975" was changed to "Until April 1, 1975", which means the provisions of the ETS were effective until April 1, 1975 instead of
tI January 1, 1975.
u(2) Effective January 1, 1975, the provisions set forth in 1910.93q of this Part shall apply."
ix
f
(a) permanent
to Vinyl Chloride" signed October 1, 1974
_<
and published in 29 CFR 3.910, October 4, 1974
I
(b) By order of the court, "effective January 1, 1975" was changed to "effective April 1,
1975". Therefore, the provisions of the permano iV)tandard beeame effect:ive
1* 19*75, not January 1, 1975.
K.* v*.
b. Citations
(1) Categories
be supported.by compound I 'a b fo^inaLien, employee statement photographs,
`wt'&ia.tz.b/n m___e_a__s_u_r_e__m__en._t_s, _r_e_s__ui lit.sn --oitf samples, V'vsu S ents taken, and any other pertinent facts
I
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. evaluating violations of the standard, the guide-
Ines of the latest edition of the Field Operations
unua 1 are to be used regarding serious, nonserious
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and grouping, /although each case must be evaluated
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O'
w
on its ov7u merits and becomes a matter of judgment
for the CSHO, the following are examples of violations
of the standard:
*
# *
t . Imminent Danger Situation
1 9
Any exposure to a given concentration of
i
f vinyl chloride for a duration sufficient I to cause a degree of narcosis or drowsiness,
such as 2,400 ppm for 30 minutes, shall be
considered an imminent danger.
(ii) Serious Situation
employee
concentrations
i 25 ppm arc not wearing proper protective
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equipment,
cm]) 4
I a X_______c_i_t_e__d___fA_*o_ r.
serious violation whether or not he is'using
i feasible administrative or engineering contro
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(iii) Konscrious Situations
I >' *f If employe
c>: po
* $ s<s/*
nrrng proper
lirntorv pro-
tection but the employer is not using feasible
v1 m administrative or engineering controls to reduce exposures or concentrations he shall be
S
r cited for a nonscrious violation of the Act*
<</
concentrations below
m arc not wearing proper res rotcctlon, the employer shall be cited for a nonseriout; vioinf.i on whether or not he is using; easible administrative or engineering controls
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SoiviMspi^TT^tection and there arc ho
----leering controls known
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jtittrrAreai
va1laMb the* employcr wh
'c.e ; Vinyl ch lorideepncentra t io n
cant 1-yV - ch^eTSpxtfy err smann***r..v * `
interpreting the word significantly
each case must be judged on its own merits.
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Prior to April 1 1976
are *x>scd to concentrations abov
permissible limit but below 2: >ni
lovers
ma not be cited for failure of their
employees to use propc
ira torv protection
if the employees elect not to wear' Sv -n
devices pursuant to 29 CFR 1910.93a(g)(1)
and if the employer informs his employees of
dangers of vinyl chloride and the purpose,
proper use and limitations of respiratory
devices, at least quarterly.
* 4A.*
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(v) Requirements not directly related to exposure levels
ure fire cord
yt "cr^v-s
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mfi, me
irements such examinations, trai?ing
and monitorinn hall genera
Ci
nsci:
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vio3.at ions. However,
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