Document YG91dn470mb89zz8exK6VeyZO

* < CRIME AND DELINQUENCY LITERATURE 1s designed to a s s is t subscribers in keeping up-to-date on the most recent developments 1n crime, law enforcement, correc tion, and other aspects of criminal justice. This quarterly journal of NCCD's Information Center contains Indepth ABSTRACTS of current lite ratu re, worldwide 1n scope, on: * Law and the Courts * Law Enforcement and the Police * Juvenile Delinquency and the Delinquent * Crime and the Offender * Correction * Drug Abuse * Related Social Issues The abstracts, ty p ic a lly 200 words long, cle arly Indicate the pertinence of each document to the reader and frequently serve as a substitute to read ing the entire document. Abstracts are SUBJECT-INDEXED* (cumulated annually) for Immediate Id e n tifica tio n of a ll Important mater ia ls appearing during the year on topics of specific Interest to the user. --Crime and Delinquency L ite ra tu re pest control Crime and Delinquency Literature National Council on Crime and Delinquency 184 pp. Hackensack, New Jersey: National Council pn Crime and Delinquency $15/year. Quarterly. This quarterly publication contains hundreds of abstracts of articles and books about crime and delinquency. Whatever one may think of the viewpoints of the publisher (which is the National Council on Crime and Delinquency), Crime and Delinquency Literature is a very valuable research tool. From: National Council on Crime and Delinquency Continental Plaza 411 Hackensack Avenue Hackensack, N.J. 07601 Defoliation Thomas Whiteside 143 pp. New York: Ballantine/Friends of the Earth $ .95. 1970. Herbicides are chemical weed-killers and they are cheap and effective; they replace expensive back breaking labor and they make possible the use of large, efficient farm machinery. Yet they also probably cause birth defects in humans and in other animal species. In addi tion, commercial herbicide preparations, such as the auxin compound, 2,4,5-T, are commonly con taminated with " dioxin" -- which is a shorthand name for a very complex^ people-created chemical which is among the most poisonous ever discovered. [See Janice Crossland and Kevin Shea, " Hazards of Impurities," Environment, Vol. 15 (June, 1973), pgs. 35-38.] Herbicides are in wide use by" federal agencies and by private industrial users. They are becoming a standard feature of modern forestry -- 2,4,5-T selectively kills some species of young trees and not others. It therefore can aid in increasing the yield of certain types of trees in forests. (continued) 65The Workbook, No. 2, Feb. 1975 ______C00021 - This results in a simplification of the forest eco system. With fewer tree species, the balances of nature may be upset. Outbreaks of pests can occur more readily. Increasingly, the typical re sponse to such outbreaks is spraying more exotic chemical pesticides. Thomas Whiteside's book is a good introduction to the problems of herbicides. He focuses on the use of herbicides as part of America's chemical and biological warfare program in Vietnam but the details you leam about herbicides in Vietnam can serve you well on the home front, where chemical warfare against non-human species is increasing by 15% each year. Billions of pounds of synthetic organic chemicals are reaching the en vironment each year, simplifying and de-stabilizing the planet's ecosystems. Who's using herbicides in what quantities in your home county and throughout your home state? That's the first thing to find out. From: Friends of the Earth 30 East 42nd St. New York, N.Y. 10017 or your local bookstore or your local chapter of Friends of the Earth. After the war, many of the herbiddal materials that had been developed and tested for biological warfare use were marketed fo r c iv ilia n purposes and used by farmers and homeowners for k illin g weeds and co n tro llin g brush. The most powerful of the herbicides were the two chemicals 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, generally known as 2,4-D, and 2,4,5trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, known as 2,4,5-T. The direct to x ic ity levels of these chemicals as they affected experimental animals, and, by s c ie n tific estimates, men, appeared then to be low (although these estimates have later been challenged), and the United States Department of Agriculture, the Food and Drug Adm inistration, and the Fish and Wild l i f e Service a ll sanctioned the widespread sale and use of both. The chemicals were also reported to be short-lived 1n so il after th eir application. 2,4-D was the bigger se lle r of the two, p artly because 1t was cheaper, and suburbanites commonly used mixtures ' containing 2,4-D on th e ir lawns to control dande lio n s and other weeds. Commercially, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T were used to clear ra ilro a d rights-of-w ay and . power-line routes, and, in ca ttle country, to get rid of woody brush, 2,4,5-T being favored for the la s t, because 1t was considered to have a more effec- t1ve he rbiddal action on woody plants. Very often, however, the two chemicals were used 1n combination. Between 1945 and 1963, the production of herbicides jumped from nine hundred and seventeen thousand pounds to about a hundred and f i f t y m illio n pounds 1n t h is country; since 1963, th eir use has risen two hundred and seventy-one per cent -- more than double the rate of Increase 1n the use of pesticides, though pesticides are s t i l l fa r more extensively used. By 1960, an area equivalent to more than three percent of the entire United States was being sprayed each year with herbicides. --D efoliation # / pollution Environment Scientists' Institute for Public Information 44 pp. St. Louis, MO: Scientists' Institute for Public Information $10/yr.; $18.50/2 years; $27/3 years. Monthly. If you have any inclination whatever to under stand environmental problems, and you only find time to read one full-length magazine a month, it should be Environment. When Barry Common er and his colleagues in St. Louis started the " scientific information movement" by founding the Committee for Nuclear Information in 1958, they started publishing a little magazine. Despite several name-changes over the next 16 years, Environment has consistently led the way in pointing out emerging environmental problems, and in describing ecological and social mechanisms which result in wasteful, polluting, destructive and expensive misuse of technologies. To get a feel for the range of work Environment has published, we recommend the very readable paperback anthology edited by Sheldon Novick 66 The Workbook, No. 2, Feb. 1975 C00022