Document YG8DbV2Xxe4BoqvYbvng2B1yO

EXHH* CQRSQSUffltCai Inter-Office Correspondence To; Dr, W. B. Ligett * Pros: Dr, A. S. Eawkes Subject; Discussion with Dr* E, A* Kshoe (September 18, 1957) Address Address tBate Detroit Detroit September 19 s 1957 The fallowing is a summery of discussions held here yesterday between Dr* Kehoe and Interested personnel* 1* Separation of lead particles from exhaust* Mr* Hlrochler outlined the status and results of his study of filtration and separation of lead particles from engine exhaust streams* It was agreed that the study should be continued to provide data using a larger filter and using a cashiiin.ti.cn of the larger filter preceded by a nail pot* Dr* Kehoe urged the publication of data based on a final report of activity in "this program* Such publication Insures the presentation of reliable data and shows that we are active in a controversial field* The data may also be helpful to these working on catalytic mufflers, and may stimulate new approaches to the exhaust pollution problem r. 2, Lead in Air-Ketterlng lab Work* - Dr* Kehoe outlined some of the studies In the Kettering Labs on the long-term exposure to air-borne lead oxide by laboratory personnel* Individuals 9have been exposed for 7* 5 hours a dey, five days a week in test chambers for. periods exceeding a year, to air-borne PbO at lead concentrations up to 75-lyO microgrtms per cubic meter without ill effect* The studies have shown that particles of substantially less than one micron are very extensively (ie* ca 35~50/Q trapped in the lung alveoli where the lead is efficiently and rapidly ] assimilated* Above cne micron, the particles can be trapped in the upper !respiratory tract (up to 80$ efficiency) and subsequently swallowed* The studies |may be extended to include inorganic lead in forms other than FbO, The allowable lead content in air (for industrial standards) has recently been raised from 150 to 200 micrograms per cubic meter* The maxtoma m.sallowable in Ethyl's manufacturing area is 75 xg./cu. and the'harmal" in high exposure areas is about half this concentration* The ''normal1* lead content in human blood is 0.0J mg lead/lGO g* blOodj a content of 0*08 mg/100 g, indicates severe exposure where toxic effects will be noted* Dr* Kehoe estimated that the odor of TSL would normally be detected at concentrations of 1-2 ppm* 5 Effect of manganese or lead particles in exhaust. It was agreed that we need data as soon as possible on the effect of manganese fuel additives on the nature of exhaust solids * Engine tests will be run to determine the composition and size distribution of exhaust solids, with fuels containing AP~3 with and without TEL. It was agreed that initially, at leastp fairly high manganese contents would be used to establish gross effects D Detroit personnel will decide other fuel factors, such as scavenger, phosphorus, sulfur content, etc., based on speculated future use. Based on data so determined. Dr. Kehoe will initiate toxicological studies of the effects of exhaust solids on animals. 4. Smog experiments at Midwest. Dr. Kehoe agreed that further study was not warranted now, but that 1die study might be reactivated only to answer the need for specific data in the future. 5 Effect of manganese on SO^-SO^ reaction. Dr. RLfkln outlined our recent interest in work of Johnstone of Illinois on the effect of manganese on the conversion in the atmosphere of SOg to SO3 with ultimate conversion to droplets of sulfuric acid. Johnstone has referred to the effect of KeS04 mists in disasters in London, Deaera, and the Meuse areas. EaegeaSmit of Cal. Tech, has stated that S0a cannot be detected in the L.A. area by ordinary analytical methods 0 Although EaS04 droplets in the atmosphere do not represent a "happy situation", Dr Kehoe does not feel such a condition is a general problem. He pointed out that there is not considered to be much difference In the toxicity of S0a and SC&o It is generally accepted as "fact" that the nucous membranes instantaneously convert S0a to SQg, although Dr. Kehoe is not aware of how this has been (or could be) proved. Th effect of manganese on the SOa/SQg ratio in engine exhausts will be investigated briefly b y Dr. Hifkin. 6. Toxicity of AP-3 and AP30 Dr. Kehoe stated that we should maintain the working principle that AP=>3 has the same order of toxicity as has TEL. He has no data yet on the "chronic" toxicity of AP-3, but AF-3 is absorbed by the body by the same avenues as is TEL. He presented seme ID50 data, which supported these relationships. A carpiate report of available data will be issued within a couple of weeks. There are no data yet on the accumulative effect of AP-3, or its distribution in body tissues. It Is not yet known whether the pathological results are attributable to manganese per se or to AP-3* Dr. Kehoe pointed out that manganese toxicological data ere meager, and previous industrial experience is based on mining and milling operations. Dr. Kehoe was informed of our possible increased interest in AP-30 because of the hydrocarbon supply situation. He will take this into account in his studies. 7* APR- 6 as a cutting fluid. Mr. Chalk informed Dr. Kehoe that we had no immediate needs for further help on AIB-6 toxicity to permit the evaluation of AER6 as a cutting fluid additive. Should comnerclal prospects for this application appear later, Dr. Kehoe will be so informed, and further studies or recommendations may be indicated. -3 8 Qrgancmeta3JL3.cs as wear additives In oils. Dr. Kehoe offered to send us an old report on the toxicity of TEL in lube oil solvents. These data would serve as a guide as to whether this and other organaaetallies could be reasonably acceptable In such applications. If not, we should reconsider our research efforts in this direction* 9. Toxicity of AN compounds. Dr. Kehoe provided toxicity data for a series of AN compounds, taken from a forthcoming report. He also dictated a toxicity statement for these compounds to be used in brochures. This statement has been already forwarded to those concerned. 10. Work cn use of aluminum alkyls. Dr. Kehoe recognizes that the toxicity of TEA and IMA. in concentrated farm need not be of concern, because of their spontaneous flaranabllity. He does have same apprehensions cn two other counts, however: (a) Are we taking all due precautions against fire hazard in the storage and handling of these compounds? Do we have adequate regulations as to containers (type and size), personnel protection equipment, amount of laboratory storage, designated storage areas, etc.? (b) Should Ethyl accept the responsibility for providing toxicity information for solutions of these alTyls where spontaneous flammability is not a problem? Dr. Kehoe feels that if we oar our customers use such solutions In future operations, probably we, as suppliers, should be obtaining toxicity information. He would like a statement of policy and reccsiraendatians from responsible persons (Drs. Beatty and Neber). 11. Absorption of TEL b y Gunite liners. Dr. Kehoe has a request from Humble for information regarding the absorption of TEL from gasoline stored in Gunite-lined tanks (lined cn sides and top, but not on bottom). The request asks for advice regarding hazards and pre cautions to be used during entry of such tanks for maintenance and repair, including welding. Dr. Kehoe should be advised of any data we have in Detroit. 12. Toxicity of phosphorus compounds. Dr. Kehoe advised continued precautions in the preparation and handling of all phosphorus compounds, especially in exploratory research. The toxicity of such cexpounds varies widely with structure and cannot be reliably anticipated in new compounds. ASH/bbm Distribution H. A. Beatty S. M. Blitzer R. D. Closscn E. G. DeWItt H. J, Gibson v R . A. Kehoe R. V. Kerley G. F. Kirby W. G. Lovell C. M. Neher E. B. Rifkin B. K. Scales A. S. Hawkes F. J. Schroeter C. J. Sprunk R. Sugimoto T. S. Taylor P,, E. Weimer H. E. Hesselberg ETHYL CORPORATION INTER-OFFICE T O Mr R o K. Scales FROM Wo Go Lovell SUBJECT Discussions with Dr0 Ro A. Kehoe ADDRESS ADDRESS DATE Detroit Detroit September k, 1957 Some of the subjects that might be discussed with Dr, Kehoe on his proposed visit to Detroit about September l8 include: Filtration or separation of lead particles from exhaust Effect of manganese on lead particles in exhaust Manganese particles in exhaust Experiments on lead absorption at Cincinnati Toxicity of AP-3 and AP-30 Johnstone paper on SO^ atmospheric pollution /^APR-6 as cutting fluid \ Effect of manganese on SO2 -SO3 rea.ction ; Smog experiments at Midwest Ojork on use of aluminum alkyls "flroxicity of AN series of phenols AL D. A, Hirschler D. A. Hirschler Do A Hirschler Jfam E B. Rifkin H 0 Chalk Eo Bo Rifkin H. Eo Hesselberg H. A Beatty -E. Qo BeWltt The names after the subjects indicate the men here who may wish to participate in the discussion.. WGL:deb Distribution: H. A Beatty H. Chalk R. D. Closson E. G. DeWitt H J. Gibson A- So Hawkes Ho E. Hesselberg D. A. Hirschler Ro A. Kehoe W. Bo Ligett Eo Bo Rifkin Wo Go Lovell N13340.01