Document YDXQZ7pzk6KgeZwOwrDvdJDYn

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT BEA-28 Preface Th'.s manual contains recommended roofing soecifications and procedures sed on accepted good roofing r actices and Koppers years of experience. They are intended to provide the architect, engineer, general contractor, and roofer with the proper information to plan and construct the best roof systems with the most time-proven materials available today. The availability of a Koppers guarantee for roofing and flashing constructed according to the information contained in this manual under Koppers guarantee procedure, and the publishing of these specifications and information shall not be construed as creating any warranty, expressed or implied, with regard to any roofing or flashing for which a guarantee has not been issued. This roofing manual supersedes all previous roofing manuals published by Koppers in Sweets Catalogs. te specifications and details contained in this manual have been determined to cover the proper procedure for long lasting roofing systems for most areas of our country. In certain locations, minor variations in details arid specifications may be appropriate due to unusual local conditions, such as wind, temperature, humidity, etc. To assure the best application of the proper specifications and details for your area we recommend you consult your Koppers representative. Notice: This roofing specification manual 'ntains the latest and best .ailable information as derived from Koppers long experience in the roofing industry. The design criteria and details contained herein have been compiled and are offered Table of Contents 1984 3 Preface 4-5 Product Guide 6 Guaranteed Roofing Program BUILT-UP ROOFING SYSTEMS 7 Koppers Coal Tar Built-Up Roofing Material and System Discussion 8-12 General Requirements & Special Conditions Coal Tar Built-Up Roofing 13-14 Roof Specifications Coal Tar Built-Up Roofing 15 Special Applications Water Retaining Roof 16 Flashing Specifications Built-Up Roof Applications SINGLE-PLY ROOFING SYSTEMS 21-26 KMM Membrane Roofing Systems Materials and System Discussion Terminology Application 27-29 KMM Roofing Specifications Specifications No. 610-620 Specification No. 630 Specification No. 630 HI Specification No. 690 30-32 KMM Flashing Specification Specification No. 710 Specifications No. 720-730 Specification No. 760 Flashing Details WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING SYSTEMS 33-36 Waterproofing and Dampproofing Systems Coal Tar Membrane Waterproofing KMM Membrane Waterproofing Specifications No. 640-650 36 Liquid and Mastic Applied Waterproofing and Dampproofing Systems Hydroshield Mastic 451 Liquid Asphalt 480 ROOF INSULATION 37-40 Exeltherm Xtra Roof insulation REINFORCEMENT FABRICS 41-43 Specification and Technical Data ROOF MAINTENANCE PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS 44-47 Roof Maintenance Products and Systems Roof Resaturants Heavy Duty Roof Shield System Koppers Aluminum Roof Coatings as a guide for consideration to assist the architect, owner and roofer in an attempt to provide the best roof possible. Responsibility, however, for design of any roofing system, remains with the architect or engineer and building owner. The contents of the manual are subject to change at the discretion of Koppers Company, Inc. as future developments and experience are achieved. Product Guide The products listed below are manufactured to meet the highest quality standards set by Koppers Company. Inc. They are formulated spor'ifically for use in roof and roof 'nance and waterproofing applications. Additional information on these products may be obtained in other sections of this manual or by contacting your Koppers representative. The products listed below are manufactured to meet applicable Federal and ASTM specifications. If a certification Is required on any of these products. It must be requested at the time of order placement Products Bitumens Coal Tar Bitumen Description Coal Tar based roofing and waterproofing bitumen Federal Spec. Asphalt Type III Felts #15 Tarred Felt Petroleum derived asphalt suitable for roofing applications (Type III -- Steep asphalt) Coal Tar Saturated Organic Fiber Felt #15 Asphalt Felt Glass Fiber Felt Reinforced Base Flashing Vented Base Sheet Asphalt saturated organic felt Bituminous resin coated, inorganic, ply sheet Asphalt coated -- Fabric reinforced, base flashing Perforated asphalt saturated and surface coated organic fiber felt. HH-R-595 8 Type 15C Style A HH-R-595B * #43 Coated Base Sheet Asphalt Saturated and Surface Coated Organic Fiber Felt Single-Ply Membrane systems KMMo Aluminum Aluminum Surface -- Single Ply -- Five layer laminated Membrane roofing membrane k'MM* Standard nbrane Single Ply -- Five layer laminated roofing and waterproofing membrane bituminous Aggregate Binder (BAT) For use with the KMM BAT Topping only KMM Adhesive A tenacious asphalt adhesive formulated specifically for adhenng KMM membrane Insulations Exeltherm Xtra* Closed cell phenolic foam with integrally bonded faces Fabrics Tar or Asphalt Saturated Cotton (Std. Grade) Tar or Asphalt Saturated Cotton (Spec. Grade) Glasfabe Glascoat* Jute U.F. Mat (White) U.F. Mat (Coated) Standard Mesh Heavy Duty Mesh Patcning Glass Stonemat A woven cotton fabric saturated with tar or asphalt A woven cotton fabric with higher thread count than above grade A woven glass membrane available in 20 x 10 or 20 x 20 threads per inch -- asphalt or tar coated Same as above, except coated with white resin Asphalt saturated Jute, commonly referred to as treated burtap * A white, lightweight mat comprised of the glass filaments in a random arrangement reinforced with a swirl pattern Same as above, coated with asphalt Medium weight, white glass strands bound together in a random pattern Heavy asphalt saturated glass fibers in jackstraw pattern Same as heavy duty mesh -- cut into convenient size rolls A polyester undertayment for KMM loose aggregate topping * * SS-C-450A HH-C-4660 * HH-B-00600 * ' ASTM Spec. D-450-78 Type III D-312-78 Type III D-227 D-226 D-2178 Type IV * D-2626 Except for perforations D-2626 - * * D-173 D-1668 D-1668 D-1327 Page No. 12 12 12 8 14 16 11 12 21 21 26 21 37 42 42 42 42 42 43 43 43 43 43 21 4 KOPPERS 7 1,'KOP Architectural and Construction Materials Products Roof cements Flash-on #441 Flashing Cement Hydroshield Tar Roof Cement Roof coatings Emulsions Liquid Asphalt Description Flashing cement formulated for weathering and flow resistance Not as heavy consistency as Flash-on #441 Asphalt cutback. Formulated for application in all weather. Readily bonds to wet surface. Trowel or brush grades. Tar based plastic cement Federal Spec. SS-C-153 Type 1 SS-C-153 Type 1 SS-C-153 Type II Asphalt emulsion. Will not alligator if property applied. Heavy bodied, exceptionally high quality, non-fibrated clay emulsion. Liquid Asphalt 472 Liquid Asphalt 484 Cutbacks Asphalt Roof Coating 454 Asphalt emulsion. High quality asbestos fibrated medium body, clay emulsion Fiber glass reinforced, asphalt emulsion Medium body, asbestos fibrated cutback coating SS-R-1781 Type 1 SS-A-694D Fiber Coating 415 'turants . .1 Resaturant 425 Roof Resaturant L.O. 410 Roof Resaturant 410 Primers High-Pen Primer 452 Coal Tar Concrete Pnmmg Oil Adhesives CP Adhesive Reflective roof coatings Alum. Roof Coating 434 Tar cutback. Penetrates and resaturates tar and gravel roofs SS-C-540b Asphalt Cutback. Combines maximum penetration and coating properties High quality low odor resaturant. Highest quality tar resaturant available. Excellent penetration and softening qualities. * Thin asphalt cutback primer with maximum penetrating capabilities' Coal tar based primer for roofing and waterproofing applications Superior asphalt cutback adhesive for asphalt felt applications SS-A-701 Contains 3 lbs. aluminum paste per gallon. Non-fibrated. TT-C-00493 Alum. Roof Coating 435 Alum. Roof Coating 444 Alum. Roof Coating 445 Colored Roof Coating (White) Reinforced with asbestos fibers. Contains 3 Ibe. aluminum paste per gallon. Contains 2 Ibe. aluminum paste per gallon. Non-fibrated. Contains 2 lbs. aluminum paste per gallon. Reinforced with asbestos fibers. White acrylic emulsion decorative coating. To be used over new Liquid Asphalt 480. CauNdngs Acrylic #400 One part, gunnable, acrylic caulking. icatote Federal and/or ASTM Guide SpecMcattone are not available for Me product TT-C-496B * * * ` ASTM Spec. 0-2822 Type 0-2822 Type! * D-1227 Type III D-1187 Type A D-1227 Type 1 * D-2823 Type l N/A ` D-41 D-43 D-2824 Type l D-2824 Type II * * e Page No. -- 36 -- 36 -- -- -- 45 45 -- 45 16 34 - 47 47 47 47 --* -- 5 Koppers Roof Guarantee Program K^npers Guarantees are available for those ng specifications listed in this manual. To s --ufy for a Koppers Roofing Guarantee, roofing and flashing must be constructed in accordance with Koppers Specifications, with Koppers materials, and by a roofing contractor authorized by Koppers. Prior to the beginning of any guaranteed roof application, the contractor must apply for the required document in accordance with Koppers standard procedures. General requirements for guaranteed roof applications: 1. All roofing to be guaranteed must be constructed in conformance with Koppers specifications. 2. Koppers guarantees are not available for residential roofing. 3. Koppers guarantees are transferable upon timely written notice of change of property ownership. 4. Koppers guarantees are available within the Continental United States in all areas except those areas where Koppers does not presently provide inspection service. 5. Approved flashings may be guaranteed for terms up to but not exceeding the term for which the roof is guaranteed. 6. Charges for roofing guarantees are made on a per square (100 sq. ft.) basis of the roofing membrane. Coverage: Koppers roof guarantees provide for repairs of leaks to the roofing not occasioned by defects in the building abuse or extreme weather conditions during the term of the guarantee up to the monetary limit specified in the guarantee. Coal Tar Bitumen and KMM Standard Roof System Guarantees do not make exception to roof areas with standing water. Roof guarantees DO NOT cover the repair, installation or replacement cost of the following: 1. Decking Materials. 2. Vapor retarders. 3. Insulation products (except KMM IRMA and Gold Seal Guarantee systems). 4. Metal work. 5. Products in the roof assembly furnished by others. 6. Damage to the guaranteed roofing or flashing caused by the use of the products listed in 1 through 5 above, their installation or attachment 7. Vandalism or owner abuse. Koppers reserves the nght to cancel any guarantee if the roof is damaged due to causes not covered by the guarantee if it is determined that the roofs satisfactory performance for the remaining term of the guarantee is impaired. Cancellation due to damage of this type does not provide for any refund of the original cost GOLD SEAL GUARANTEE Koppers offers its Gold Seal guarantee on certain roofing systems that inciude the use of Exeltherm Xtra (Koppers phenolic insulation rd.) The Gold Seal Guarantee is a limited ility guarantee offered for a period of ten years. It provides the building owner coverage against leaks directly caused by the roof membrane, composition or KMM base flashing, or Exeltherm Xtra roof insulation. The Gold Seal guarantee program is applicable for KMM Membrane and Coal Tar systems only. Coverage includes both materials and workmanship. OTHER GUARANTEES Built-Up Roof Guarantees Koppers guarantees are available for S, 10, IS or 20 year terms, and only cover coal tar builtup roofing and flashings where approved. The 5 and 10 year guarantees carry a renewable option provided Koppers standard procedure* are followed. Single-Ply KMM Guarantees a five-year guarantee with a five-year renewal 'ion. KMM membrane application* only. KMM IRMA Guarantee A ten-year guarantee covering watertightnes* and insulation efficiency (80% of the original thermal resistance). 6 BUILT-UP ROOFING SYSTEMS Coal Tar Bitumen Built-Up Roofing Materials and System Discussion KOPPERS 7 1/KOP Architectural and Construction Materials r cription Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen built-up roofing systems consist of alternate layers of Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen and Koppers tarred felt, surfaced with a heavy top pouring of Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen into which is embedded an aggregate. Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen built-up roofing systems are used whenever a roof is exposed to water and/or corrosion, and on all level or low sloped roofs where minimum maintenance is required. Features Coal Tar Bitumen built-up roofing provides one the most durable roofing systems known due to its inherent superior waterproofing and weathering characteristics. This is THE time proven roofing system for level and low sloped roofs. Coal Tar Bitumen provides numerous advantages to an owner. The superior performance of coal tar roofing systems in the areas listed below make coal tar roofing systems unique in the roofing industry. 1. Coal Tar Bitumen tits natural resistance to water, air and water vapor penetration. A tight molecular structure enables Coal Tar Bitumen to resist water penetration and oxidation of the roof surface. 2 .'ther unique feature of coal tar roofing is Iti -healing ability. Aliigatoring and hairline cracks common to most materials, eventually cause damage to the roofing membrane. Coal Tar Bitumen has a property known as "cold flow" which automatically corrects these conditions before serious damage takes place. This "cold flow" feature heals small mechanical fractures at normal temperatures. 3. Application improvements. Because Koppers has expertise in the chemistry of aromatic coal tars. Coal Tar Bitumen was developed with the beneficial features of low fume evolution at application temperatures, thus reducing potential irntation during application. These features represent significant improvements which are in consort with the aims of government, labor, and industry in the areas of reduced air pollution and improved worker conditions. USM 1. All 'dead' level roofs 2. All water cooled roofs *' 3. Low sloped roofs with occasional ponding 4. Low sloped roofs with retarded drainage 5. All buildings with level or low sloped roofs that are built for long sen/ice life 6. Roofs in most highly corrosive atmospheres Slopes Koppers recommends that the maximum roof slope be one-half (V4) inch per foot for all builtup Coal Tar Bitumen roof systems. Koppers does, however, permit slopes up to two (2) inches per toot at flashings that incorporate tapered cants and for snort run crickets or saddles for drainage, provided there are provisions for adequate back nailing, and these crickets or saddles do not cover more than 15% of the roof area. All felts must be back nailed on slopes over one-half ('<4) inch per foot. For recommendations on roofing procedures for slopes over 'A inch per foot, consult your Koppers representative. Underwriters Laboratories The current Underwriters Laboratories Building Materials Directory under the heading "Built-Up Roof Covering Materials" lists Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen and Tarred Felt for use in construction of Class A and B built-up roof coverings. "Roof Deck Constructions" and "Roof Deck Construction Materials" such as "Foamed Plastic" insulation board are listed under their appropriate headings or under Koppers in the index of Companies. Guarantees Koppers Guaranteeajare available for 5.10,15, and 20 year termsftfjbof guarantees cover ONLY the built-up roofing and flashing membrane. (Except Gold Seal Guarantee which includes- Exeltherm Xtra roof insulation.) For further details. pleasiMtrto Page 6ofthis manual. Note: Due to varying architectural designs, Koppers built-up roofing products should not be used on single family residential construction. 7 Buiit-Up Roofing Systems (Cont.) General Requirements and Special Conditions Hoof Structure System In any building the performance of the BuiltUp Roofing will be affected to some degree by all of the parts of the roof structure system as well as the inside and outside atmospheric environment. Each component should be investigated for its compatibility with each of the others. The roof structure system may include any or all of the following: Outside Atmospheric Conditions Roofing System Peripheral Details (Flashings) Insulation (if present) Vapor Retarder (if present) Structural OecK including sub purlins (supports) Structural Framing Air Space (if present) Ceiling (if present) Interior Air Conditions You will find information in this manual pertaining to materials and application methods other than for built-up roofing. They are offered to assist the designer in establishing their normal position in the roof structure system. They should not be construed as part of the built-up roofing system, as endorsement, nor as part of the designated specifications other than to establish a suitable roofing base in the roof structure system. proper design, specification and positioning of the various components of the roof structure system is the responsibility of the buildng owner or his designer. Any subsequent failures, due to either the installation or lack of installation will not be Koppers responsibility Decks The deck is the base over which the built-up roofing, or insulation and built-up roofing is applied. Where the term deck is used in this manual without reference to insulation, it shall designate the surface over which roofing is to be applied. All decks shall be clean, smooth, dry. rigid and free of debris. Any deck defect shall be corrected before applicatin of roofing. All decks shall be installed in accordance with the deck' manufacturer's specifications and shall be in compliance with Koppars General Requirements. In approving any deck aa aaUatactory to receive a Koppera roof, only the dock surface Is accepted. It is the responsibility of the building designer and the deck manufacturer to provide for expansion and contraction in a manner that wilt provide a stable base for the roofing; for support of maximum anticipated loads: secure attachments vertically and laterally, and the selection of the deck material and construction details including their ability to contain bitumens. 'PERS WILL NOT ASSUME RE SPONSIBILITY FOR DECK DEFECTS OR BITUMEN SEEPAGE.) The placing of conduits, bolt heads, etc., above the roof deck and below the roofing membrane is not recommended. All projections or openings in the deck should be completed prior to the application of the roofing. Optimum adhesion to the deck is necessary for good roof performance. Where Koppers Bitumen or steep asphalt is used as an adhesive, questionable decks may be tested for dryness and adhesion by pouring one pint of the bitumen, heated to application temperature, over a representative area or areas of the deck. The deck is not satisfactory if the bitumen foams or bubbles, or upon cooling to ambient temperature may be stripped clean of the deck. When decks can not be sufficiently cleaned to permit adequate adhesion a primer is required. Metal Decks Metal Decks: Decks of this type must be clean, smooth, and properly anchored to the steel purlins and all joints correctly lapped and fastened. It is absolutely necessary to install board type insulation on a metal deck before the Koppers roofing is applied. Type of metal deck, flute opening and various other factors determine the type and thickness of insulation required. Consult your Koppers representative for recommendations. Metal roof decks shall be designed so that they will not have a deflection exceeding 1/240 of clear span under ail types of loads (live & dead) when subjected to 300 lbs. concentrated on a 1 sq. ft. area at mid-span. Designer should take into account roof traffic conditions including mechanical equipment used for roof application. Note: When applying insulation and roofing over a perforated or acoustical type metal deck, it is required that a vapor retarder be installed prior to the application of the insulation or that a base sheet set in steep asphalt be utilized as the first ply of Built-Up Roofing. This is to reduce the possibility of Bitumen dnppage. If two layers of insulation are specified, it's important that the joints in the top layer do not coincide with the joints of the bottom layer. >. Note: In areas that exceed the 1/2" per foot maximum slope requirements (short run crickets, saddles or cants), all plies or tarred felt must be back nailed. Wood nailing strips must be provided when the substrate is not considered capable of retaining nails. Application of Vapor Retarder and Board-Type Insulation * (Felt Type Vapor Retarder) 1. Coat the ribs at the metal deck with Steep Asphalt and then install two (2) full thicknesses of Koppers No. IS Asphalt Felt, lapping each sheet nineteen (19) inches over the preceding sheet mopping with Steep Asphalt the full width of the nineteen (19) inch lap. Extend and adhere all felt up vertical surfaces to a height 6" above the plane of the insulation surface. 2. Mop the entire surface with a uniform coating of Steep Asphalt, into which, while hot. firmly embed the insulation. 3. Complete the system in accordance with Specification No. 220. Application of Board-Type Insulation (Without Vapor Retarder) 1. Install insulation with FM approved mechanical fasteners or Steep Asphalt. When attachment is made with steep asphalt it shall be applied to deck at the rate of 12 to i S lbs. per 100 sq. ft., place insulation while steep asphalt is still molten to provide good adhesion (See "Attachment" Page 10.) 2. Complete the system in -accordance with Specification No. 220. Poured Portland Cement Concrete The deck surface must be smooth, dry, and free of dirt, dust and debns. Projections should be removed, low points filled with cement grout or other suitable material, and ail cracks pointed up. Roof deck shall' be properly graded to outlets. Note: In areas that exceed the 1/2" per foot maximum slope requirement (short run cnckets. saddles or cants), all plies of tarred felt must be back nailed. Wood nailing strips must be provided when the substrate is not considered capable of retaining nails. Application of Vapor Retarder and Board-Type Insulation 1. Apply a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen to the deck. 2. Lay over the entire surface two (2) full thicknesses of Koppers Tarred Felt, lapping each sheet nineteen (19) inches over the preceding sheet -- mopping with Coal Tar Bitumen the full nineteen (19) inches so that in no place shall felt touch felt. 3. Extend and adhere all plies of felt to vertical surfaces to a height 6" above the plane of the insulation surface. 4. Apply a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen over the entire surface into wnich, while hot. embed the insulation. If there are two (2) layers of insulaton mop the entire surface of the first layer with Coal Tar Bitumen into which, while hot. embed the second layer of insulation. 5. Complete the system in accordance with Specification No. 220. Application of Board-Type Insulation (Without Vapor Retarder) 1. Apply a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen over the entire surface into which, while hot, embed the insulation. 2. Complete the system in accordance with Specification No. 220. AppBcation of Root Membrane to Decfc (Without insulation) Install the roof in accordance with Specification No. 220. mopping directly to the decfc. 8 Built-Up Roofing Systems (Cont.) KOPPERS Architectural and Construction Materials ,kop Piv.~ast Structural Concrete Sections Precast concrete structural sections demand the same recommendations as poured concrete decks, although the presence of moisture, due to insufficient drying time, is not likely. If the contractor finds one or more slabs resting unevenly, with edges projecting above the surface, this should be corrected by resetting or leveling off. Leveling off should be gradual and smooth to permit insulation full contact with the substrate. All insulation joints must be even and smooth. Open-cell aggregate concrete is not acceptable for filling or leveling low areas. All joint* must bo grouted, and a* wall, must be caulked with trowel-graded asphaltic plastic cement As additional projection from bitumen drtppage centered on the joint an 8 Inch wide (min.) felt stripping must be totally embedded In the troweling of plastic cement Sides and ends of deck sections should be square, rest firmly and evenly on supporting members, and be installed to prevent lateral and vertical movement. Note: In areas that exceed the 1/2" per foot maximum slope requirement (short run crickets, saddles or cants), all plies of tarred felt must be back nailed. Wood nailing strips must be provided when the substrate is not considered capable of retaining nails. lion of Vapor Retarder and Hoard-Type Insulation 1. On precast concrete decks, solid mop the entire deck surface with Coal Tar Bitumen. 2. Lay over the entire surface two (2) full thicknesses of Koppers Tarred Felt, lapping each sheet nineteen (19)'inches over the preceding sheet -- mopping with Coal Tar Bitumen the full nineteen (19) inches so that in no place shall felt touch felt. 3. Extend and adhere all plies of felt up vertical surfaces to a height 6" above the plane of the insulation surface. 4. Apply a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen over the entire surface. While hot, embed the insulation. It there are two (2) layers of insulation mop the entire surface of the first layer with Coal Tar Bitumen. While hot embed the second layer of insulation. 5. Complete the system in accordance with Specification No. 220. Application of Board-Type Ineutation (Without Vapor Ratarder) 1. Over precast concrete, solid mop with Coal Tar Bitumen. While the bitumen is still hot. embed the insulation. See insulation section, Page 11. Insulation joints shall not coincide with joints of the precast units. 2. Complete the system in accordance with Specification No. 220. `->p m of Roof Membrane to Deck tho_. Insulation) On precast concrete, solid mop with Coal Tar Bitumen. 2. Complete the system in accordance with Specification No. 220. Lightweight Decks Poured Insulation Gypsum -- Poured/Plank Lightweight insulating decks include lightweight aggregate concrete (20 to 40 lbs. per cu. ft. oven dry density): foamed concrete, gypsum and thermosetting asphaltic decks. Poured Decks: Except for Koppers Dycon* Concrete, poured lightweight insulating deck systems must be capable of venting excess water vapor to the underside. Koppers will not accept these poured lightweight insulating decks to be placed over vapor retarders, poured concrete substrates, unvented metals, or any type of base which will not permit these materials to vent from the underside. This is necessary to prevent a water vapor pressure buildup under the buiit-up roofing. Occasional or spot vents through the roofing as the only venting method is not sufficient. Provisions should be made wherever possible to provide additional venting such as notched wood perimeter nailers, etc), in conjunction with the venting from the underside of the deck. If board type insulation is to be applied over a lightweight insulating deck, provisions must be made between the fill and the board insulation to prevent fill moisture from affecting the insulation and roofing. Application of Board-Type Insulation (Without Vapor Retarder) 1. Apply over entire surface one (1) ply of Koppers coated base sheet, lapping each sheet four (4) inches over preceding sheet and nailing at lap no less than nine (9) inches, and stagger-nailed down the center of each sheet on nine (9) inch centers. (This is approximately IX nails per IX sq. ft.). 2. Mop the entire surface with a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen into which, while hot. firmly embed the insulation. 3. Complete me system in accordance with Specification No. 220. Application of Roof Membrane to Deck (Without Insulation) 1. Apply over entire surface one (1) ply of Koppers coated base sheet, lapping each sheet four (4) inches over preceding sheet and nailing at lap no less man nine (9) inches and stagger nailed down center of each sheet on nine (9) inch centers. (This is approximately IX nails per IX sq. ft.). 2. Complete the system in accordance with Specification No. 210. Thermosetting Asphaltic TO When applying the rooting membrane directly over a thermosetting asphaltic fill, follow Specification 210 except the first ply of the roofing membrane must be a base sheet set in a solid mopping of steep asphalt. Precast Panels: On precast gypsum panels, all joints must be grouted, and as well, must be caulked with trowel-grade asphaltic plastic cement. As additional protection from bitumen dnppage centered on the joint, an 8 inch wide (min.) felt stripping must be totally embedded in the troweling of plastic cement. Wood Plank/Plywood Wood shall be well seasoned, dry and preferably treated. End joints shall have adequate bearing. Loose or void knot holes, large cracks, etc., shall be covered with sheet metal. Note: In areas that exceed the 1/2" per foot maximum slope requirement (short run crickets, saddles or cants), all plies of tarred felt must be back nailed. Wood nailing strips must be provided when the substrate is not considered capable of retaining nails. AppBcallon of Vapor Retarded and Board-Type Insulation 1. Apply over entire surface one (1) ply of Koppers coated base sheet, lapping each sheet four (4) inches over preceding sheet and nailing at lap no less than nine (9) inchg) and stagger nailed down center of each sheet on nine (9) inch centers. (This is approximately IX nails per IX sq. ft). 2. Lay over the entire surface two (2) full thicknesses of Koppers Tarred Felt, lapping each sheet nineteen (19) inches over the preceding sheet -- mopping with Coal Tar Bitumen the full nineteen (19) inches so mat in no placa shall felt touch felt. 3. Extend and adhere all plies to vertical surfaces to a height 6" above the plane of the insulation surface. 4. Mop the entire surface with a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen into which, while hot. firmly embed the insulation. 5. Complete the system in accordance with Specification No. 220. Lumber shall be a minimum of 1" nominal thickness. Plywood (exterior grade) shall be a minimum of 1/2" thickness. Hot Coal Tar Bitumen should never be applied directly to a wood deck. Sandwiched between the heat from above and the heat from below, such material finds its way through me boards into the building. Good roofing practice demands me cushioning and blotting effect of a layer of sheathing paper followed by one ply of base sheet nailed to the deck. Shiplap and square edge boards should be avoided and tonguem^foovid kunbof ui#d vrtMn potsiblt* Preparation to Deck Surface -- (Mandatory on all Wood Decks) The wood roof deck shall be covered with one (1) layer of approved rosin-sized sheathing paper weighing approximately five (5) pounds per one hundred (IX) square feet The sheathing paper shall be lapped two (2) inches and secured to the deck by occasional nailing. Note: In areas that exceed the 1/2" per foot maximum slope requirement (short run crickets, saddles or canto), all plies of tarred felt must be back nailed. Wood nailing strips must be provided when the-substrate is not considered capable of retaining nails. 9 . i ] 1 | Built-Up Roofing Systems (Cont.) Application of Vapor Retarder and Board-Type Insulation 1 Apply over entire surface one (1) ply of iers coated case sheet, lapping each . et four (4) inches over preceding sheet and nailing at lap no less than nine (9) inches and stagger nailed down center of each sheet on nine (9) inch centers. (This is approximately 100 nails per 100 sq. ft.). 2. Lay over the entire surface two (2) full thicknesses of Hoppers Tarred Felt, lapping each sheet nineteen '(19) inches over the preceding sheet -- mopping with Coal Tar Bitumen the full nineteen (19) Inches so that in no place shall felt touch felt. 3. Mop the entire surface with a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen into which, while hot. firmly embed the insulation. 4. Complete the system in accordance with Specification No. 220. . .. ~ Application of Board-Type insulation (Without Vapor Retarder) 1. Apply over entire surface one (1) ply of Koppers coated base sheet, lapping each sheet four (4) inches ovefpreceding sheet and nailing at lap no less than nine (9) inches and stagtjir nailed down center of each sheet on nine (9) inch centers. (This is approximately 100 nails per 100 sq. ft.). 2. Apply a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen over the entire surface into which, while hot. embed the insulation. 3. Complete the system ireaccordance with-Specification No. 220. i: When the roof insulation is to be nailed a vapor retarder is not.mBUiredL.lhe one ply of base sheet may be orrmmk hbvflUr, the' sheathing paper is required. Application of Roof Membrane to Deck (Without Insulation) 1. Apply over entire surface one (1) ply of Koppers coated base' sheet, lapping each sheet four (4) inches over preceding sheet and nailng at lap no less than nine (9) inches and stagger nailed down center of each sheet on nine (9) inch centers. (This is approximately 100 nails per 100 sq. ft.). 2. Complete the system in accordance with Specification No. 210. Structural Wood Fiber All decking must be installed in strict accordance with the particular deck manufacturer's recommendation!. Deck material must be protected during shipment, iob site storage and prior to roofing application. No planks which have become structurally weakened due to moisture, fractures or mutilated edges may be used. All joints must be level and preferably grouted full and level with plank surfaces as recommended by the deck manufacturer. All planks must be well anchored to supporting members to resist movement in a fashion recommended by the deck manufacturer. Any planks which bow or 'ect or do not seat securely must be 'ced. Responsibility for the selection of a particular type of wood fiber deck, its installation, provision tor expansion and contraction, its suitability to job requirements, and its ability to support anticipated loads in its environment rests with the designer and deck manufacturer. All deck |Oints of these types must be grouted, higher uplift resistance than our minimum and as well, must be caulked with Koppers requirement, additional fasteners or adhesive Flashing Cement which shall be applied so will be required over and above the quantities that the top surface is level and smooth. Felt described in the ensuing specifications stripping four (4) to six (6) inches wide set in a troweling of the cement is required to assist in leveling uneven joints -and bridge the joint openings thus providing a better surface for the roofing materials. When asphalts are to be used to adhere insulations to concrete decks, the deck shall first be pnmed with an asphalt primer at a rate of one gallon per 100 square feet. Caution: care must be taken to avoid bitumen When nails or fasteners are used, they must be nailed through disks or have sufficiently large drippage. heads to prevent fracture or puncture through Note: In areas that exceed the 1/2" per foot maximum slope requirement (snort run crickets, saddles or cents), all plies of tarred felt must bir&ack nailed. Wood nailing strips must be provided when the substrate is not considered capable of retaining nails. the roofing felts. Mechanical fattening of insulabon is the preferred method of attachment Beginning in 1984. Factory Mutual has announced that mechanical fastening of the first layer ot board type insulation to a metal deck will be the only Applications of Vapor Retarder and acceptable method tor attachment. Board-Type Insulation 1. Install two (2) plies of No. 15 asphalt felt lapped nineteen (19) inches in Type III steep Contact the insulation manufacturers' literature for requirements. asphalt. Plies shall be mopped solidly so that in Cold appbed adhesives are not acceptable lor no place shall felt touch felt attaching insulation or vapor retarder*. 2. Mop the entire surface with a uniform coating of Type III steep asphalt into which, while hot. embed the insulation. 3. Complete the system, in accordance with Koppere wM not be reaponrfbla tor any damage caused by or ^tie result of unsatisfactory ettechmanL Specification No. 220. For further information contact your Koppers Application ot Board-Type Mediation representative. (Without Vapor nstarder) - 1. Mop the entire.surface with a uniform Efpanslori Joints (Building) Coating of Type HI sleep aspftafcimo whiqh. SinttMttutertaltexa^ and contract due to while hot embed the insulation.' tiniftoiure and/oijpioiature. the use. 2. tnstaH-'roofing in accordance with lucatkXT,' and detlgn/W building expansion Specification No. 220excapt that a base' sheet, joints, especially in the roof structure system. set Insteep ftphatf. kaustPa auMBtuNtfieinm .ShouttfiMrlMen'lmo consideration at the time first ply. See "Base Sheet Alternate" Page 12. of original building design. Application ot Roof Membrane to Deck (Without Insulation) 1. Install root membrane directly to deck in accordance with Specification No. 220 except that a base sheet, set in Type III steep asphalt, must be substituted as the first ply. See "Base Sheet Alternate" Page 12. Although provisions for adequate expansion joints are the responsibility of the building designer. Koppers offers the following recommendations for the protection of the roofing system against splits caused by expansion and contraction of the building. Building expansion joints should be installed. Material Protection 1. On roof areas larger than 200 feet in each direction It is the responsibility of the roofing contractor 2. At all places where the structural supports to protect ell roll roofing materials and roof and roof assembly change direction insulation from ground or construction 3. Where type of adjoining deck materials moisture and weather before and during change construction of the roof membrane. Where control or expansion-contraction joints Roof insulation boards are often shipped from are provided in the structural steel, deck the manufacturing plant with plastic sheets material, or deck system, provisions must be wrapped around the boards securing them on made for continuation ot tha relief through the the pallets. These are generally not acceptable built-up roofing system. Koppere realizes that tor job site protection as they do not "breathe" ' in a climate controlled building there may be and therefore can trap moisture. Removing these plastic shipping protection sheets and replacing them with "breathable" type tarpaulins such as canvas a recommended. little or no expansion AFTER the building is in use, however, building expansion joints are still recommended based upon the following points: Attachment Maximum adhesion or secure attachment of all components in the roofing assembly is necessary for satisfactory long term performance of the roofing membrane. Bitumen adhesive and/or fastener quantities specified by the manufacturer must be capable of passing a minimum uplift resistance of 40 pounds per square foot (psf). 1. During construction the building will not be under a steady state temperature/humidity condition so that thermal and moisture movement can be sufficient to fracture the roofing. 2. If no building expansion joint is proviOed, the owner must ksep the building at the steady state temperature and humidity condition at all times, as holiday shut-downs can fracture tha roofing due to tha movement of the roof system resulting from temparetura/humidity When Building Code requirements dictate e variation. , 10 Built-Up Roofing Systems (Cont.) 3. II the occupancy is fairly large, the sudden entrance on a rainy day of many rain-soaked m-' iees may cause moisture movement in i. structure system which can fracture the luofing. Water Stops (Temporary Protection) Water stops consisting of two (2) plies of tarred felt and mopping of Coal Tar Bitumen extending onto the deck and insulation at least 6" and 4". shall be applied at the end of each day s work over exposed edges of insulation. These temporary protective measures must be removed cleanly from the Insulation (top surface and vertical Joint) and from the deck to ensure tight insulation joints and level insulation surfaces. Improperly removed water stops have been determined as a causa of roof splits and have prevented moisture vapor movement to vented edge details. Cut Offs (Permanent Installation) Venting of roof insulation at walls, curbs, eaves, etc. is recommended for all but a few special roof structures. Therefore, cut-offs should not be installed at edges of insulation ad|oining these areas for venting purposes. Cut-offs may be installed however, provided they are constructed to run in one direction continuously to vented edges and provided no section of the roofing is isolated or blocked from venting. a,, Retarders Vapor retarders are normally used where the heat flow direction and/or humidity within the building, during any climate or occupancy cycle, might cause the dew point or condensation to occur under the built-up roofing within the insulation chamber. It is important that the vapor retarder, when installed, provide a continuous seal, (including ventilators, skylights, peripheral walls, and other terminations) from the source of the water vapor. Insulation Insulations come in varying thicknesses and sizes. Should the manner of attachment as suggested conflict with that specified by the individual insulation manufacturer, the insulation manufacturers specifications shall be followed and in addition, shall be in compliance with Koppers General Requirements. Good roofing practice dictates that the following points be considered when specifying board type roof insulation. 1. The roofing insulation must be kept dry at all times. It must be of a type approved by Koppers tor use with a Koppers built-up roof. It should only be applied over a deck complying with alt of Koppers General Requirements. 2. If " roof deck slope is one-half (Vi) inch oeri r more, the insulation must be able to tain ..ails or wood nailers must be installed -rpendicular to the slope at each course of insulation. Spacing of nailers must be such that the insulation lits snugly with the nailers but must not be force fitted. 3. No more insulation shall be laid at any one time than can be protected by bitumen and felt in case of sudden weather changes. 4. Edges of insulation shall be brought closely together and shall not be forced into place. Where insulation joins vertical surfaces, the insulation shall be cut in a neat manner allowing approximately one-half (Vi) inch clearance. 5. When more than one (1) layer of insulation is used, joints in each layer shall not coincide. All layers shall be parallel to preceding layers. Note: When urethane, urethane composite or isocyanurate roof insulation is specified, it must be installed in a double layer application. The appropriate insulation product must be Installed direct to the roof deck and a second layer of ftberboard, perlite board or glass fiber roof insulation Installed over top. The Jointa of the second layer must not correspond with that of the first In lieu of the second layer of insulation, a Koppers vented baae sheet may be used es the first ply of the membrane. Consult the manufacturers' literature for specific information. Wood Nailing Strips All non-nailable decks require wood nailing strips at eaves, edges, walls, roof-openings, etc. for proper securement of metal flanges. Nailers must be securely and firmly attached to the deck or through to its supporting members. Nailers shall extend not less than 1" beyond the apron or flange. Roofing felts for all deck areas having a slope of 'h" per foot or more must be back nailed and therefore non-nailable decks must be furnished with treated wood nailing stops' treated with a material compatible with bituminous roofing. Cold Storage and Freezer Buildings Koppers will not bond its built-up roofing over these structures if insulation or insulation and vapor retarder is installed over the deck unless there is an adequately ventilated air space between the deck and insulated refrigerated area. For procedures on non-guaranteed built-up roofing applications, consult a Koppers representative. When a guaranteed system is required, refer to KMM Specifications^Page 24. Water Retaining and Retarded Drainage When the roofing system is subjected to common standing water or retarded drainage refer to the Special Applications Section. Page 15. Temporary Roofing Temporary roofing specifications are available for all Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen Built-Up Roofing Systems. Consult your Koppers representative for recommended specifi cations over various type decks for temporary roof construction. Reroofing Design Considerations: During the reroof design and specification phase, and prior to commencement of reroofing work, it is the building owner's responsibility to have his architectural or consulting representative ascertain if the existing roof structure, with the new roof system installed, will meet all local building structural codes. If additional insulation is to be a part of the new roof system, an evaluation of the dew point and its effect on the roofing system should be determined. Reroofing application can be complicated since many factors must be considered. For more specific information pertaining to special situations, contact your Koppers representative. Note: Koppers will not be responsible for any damage caused by excess loads on structural systems or damage due to rate or change m location of new dew point. General Application Procedure Application of Bitumens Recommended Weights per 100 sq. ft. (for estimating purposes only) Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen Steep Asphalt Average Interply 25 lbs. 23 lbs. Top Coating 75 lbs. 60 lbs. Average mterply weights are based on many years of experience of good roofing practice, and take into account a reasonable vanation in the amount of bitumen absorbed in different substrates, and the type of specification. Moppings of bitumen between felts shall be continuous. Felt ShaN Not Touch Fett It is generally agreed that maximum strength between layers of felt is achieved by the thinnest practical glue line of bitumen. Too thin a layer starves the lap. whereas an excessive layer can permit mterply movement on sloped roots. Care should be taken by all parties to provide thin but continuous moppings of interpjy biiumen.-Too heavy of mterply moppings can result in felt slippage. Flood Coat ' The top pouring is most important, it must be thorough and uniformly covered with specification aggregate embedded into the bitumen while the bitumen is stHI hoi neeommendad Temperature limitations: Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen Steep Asphalt Point of Maximum Application Kettle Temp. Temp. 42S*F 350-400*F 479*F 400-450*F Use manufacturers recom mended "EVT Temperature when listed 11 Built-Up Roofing Systems (Cont.) Whan roofing bitumens ara excessively -uerheated and/or hatd for tong parioda of , thair watarproofing quaUtte* art greatly .ducqd, and at tha aama tfma the volume of fuming is inertasad. In ordtr to aehfava fha maximum banafits of low fuming and unequaled watarproofing performance, If la imperative that Koppars Coal Tar Situman ba haatad within tha tamparatura limttatlona listad abova. Close supervision of heating is aiso good roofing practice for all bitumens. If heat is desired during a holding period at the jobsite while material is not being drawn off and replenished as under normal usage, kettle temperature should be reduced and not permitted to exceed 350" F for Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen or 425" F for steep asphalt. The kettle should be full lid closed. These temperatures are applicable to job conditions and do not apply to holding or storage in kettles in excess of 4 hours. If bitumen is not to be used for periods over 4 hours, the kettle should be shut off. Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen may be contained in 1000 gal. or greater capacity heated and automatically controlled closed vessel tankers at 375" F lor periods not exceeding 96 hours. Application of Felt Plies of faff must be laid shingle fashion. Where a water flow direction exists, felts should be applied so that the direction of flow is not against the laps. Broom or press all plies of felt into the hot bitumen and lay without wrinkles, buckles or kinks, so that the finished iof is free of pockets or blisters. Each felt ply .mall be completely covered with a complete mopping of bitumen. The number of plies are controlled by varying widths of the edge laps. Four-ply (4) roofing, for example, is achieved by lapping each ply approximately twenty-seven and one-half (2714) inches. Koppers felts are marked af the factory with lap lines for this purpose. Except as specifically provided for in Koppers specifications, application of felt lapping methods other than shingle fashion will not be permitted. When beginning a membrane roofing installation, appropriate width starting stripeof felt shall be used at the starting point to achieve the specification pty build-up at that point so that successive left applications will produce the ply requirements. Overfsp ends of all connecting plies of felt (end laps) not less than to inches. End stripping or taping of these laps is not permitted. 5. Fire protection from burning brands. 6. Protect bitumen from the actinic rays of the sun. 7. Most Important -- by using an aggregate surface, an additional 75 lb./sq. of Coal Tar Bitumen (the waterproofing agent) is included in the installation. The application of Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen and aggregate must be done at the time the felts are applied: except in periods of hot. dry weather, when morning dew is not expected, the top surfacing may be delayed overnight. When the specifier desires glaze coating and/or all work to be completed the same working day. he shall be responsible to so state this requirement in his specifications. The aggregate surfacing must be applied into the top (touring while the bitumen is still hot so that a uniform layer will be embedded and adhered. The completed roof assembly will have a uniform aggregate surface. Depending on slag weights in certain parts of the country 400 lbs. of slag per square may be required. Occasionally on well applied roofs, small black globes known as "raspberries" or "blackberries" will form in the roof surface. These are not detrimental to the roof. Aggregate Surfacing The aggregate-to be used should meet the ASTM Specification Dl 863-80. The basic requirements for this aggregate are as follows: Do not heat bitumens above the maximum temperature limit listed above to compensate lor rapid chilling. Insulated containers along with carefully timed material delivery methods, must be employed. Note: Bitumen temperatures below those recommended at the "point of application" can result in heavy mterply quantifies which in turn can potentially contribute to the cause of membrane slippage. Basa Shaat Alternate When substituted for the first ply in a solid mop application specification, tne Base Sheet shall be embedded in a solid mopping of Koppers Steep Asphalt followed by thorough brooming to eliminate air pockets, wrinkles, fish mouths, buckles, etc. The remaining three (3) plies ol tarred felt shall be solidly mopped with Coal Tar Bitumen in accordance with the specification. When rosin sized or sheathing paper is a part of the original specification it snail remain and be applied beneath the Base Sheet. Edge laps shall be 4" and end laps shall be 6". The nailing pattern for the Base Sheet shall be 9" on center through the lap and 2" from the edge lap and stagger-nailed down the center of each sheet on 9" centers. (Note: This is approximately 100 nails per square.) Alter applying a base sheet as the first ply on the four (4) ply roofing membrane, three (3) additional plies must be installed at once. Gradation Requiiementt When applying the additional three (3) plies of Sieve Amounts Finer than Stave tarred felt, lap each ply shingle fashion 24-2/3 Specified, mess *___________in__c_h_e__s. Each ply must be solidly mopped with Size No. 67 Size No. 7 12.5 Coal Tar Bitumen. 19.0 to 4.75-mm to 4.75-mm (Vi(ki-in. to No. 4) in. to No. 4) When specifying the Base Sheet alternate, use 2S mm (1 in.) 19 mm (fc in.) 12.5 mm (V* in.) 100 90 to 100 as* ... 100 90 to 100 the designation U as a subscript to the specification number. 2108S(ttructural wood fiber deck). 9.5 mm (H in.) 4 75 mm (No. 4) 2.36 mm (No. 8) 20 to 55 Oto 10 0 to 5 40 to 70 0 to 15 0 to 5 Size numoer and requirements data are from Specification C 33 and D 446. Note: If Koppers Asphalt Coalsd Basa Sheet (ASTM D-2626) la substituted for the firstpty of the Coal Tar Bitumen roofing specifications. It mutt not be Ml exposed or used a* a work surface or temporary root prior to roof rnywo proporaw Moisture, max. % Crushed stone and grave) 2.0 completion. Good roofing practJce dictate* that the total roofing membrane be compMad the same day. Crushed roofing slag 5.0 Unit mat* (loot*), min. kg/m1 (Ib/tt1) 960 (60) Dutt max, ft 2.0 Hardness, max. parcantag* passing a 20 335-flim (No. 6) sieve A higher moisture content is permitted for slag because of moisture entrapment in me internal pores of tha pieces of stag. Application of Koppers Bitumen and Aggregate Surface The final application of Koppers Roofing is a triple weight application of Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen (approximately 75 IbsVaq.) into which is distributed an approved aggregate while the Bitumen is still hot Benefits of aggregate surfacing 1. Protection from foot traffic of other trade* dunng construction and afterwards for routine roof maintenance. 2. Weight as additional protection for wind uplift. 3. Reduced surface temperature. 4. Even flow ol water to the drains. Cold Weather Application Whan roofing is applied at temperatures below 45* F. special precautions must be taken to insure the satisfactory performance of the finished roof. Before applying roofing, moisture, ice. snow, surface water, etc., muat be removed from the deck. Hot applied bitumena land to congeal rapidly In coM weather. Extra care must be taken to set insulation or roofing as quickly as possibla while the bitumen it still hot Whan temperature it below 45* F. felt muat be embedded in bitumen while it is still hot and broomed-in Immediately with solid pressure to ensure necessary embedment into bitumen. 12 Built-Up Roofing Systems (Cont.) Koppers Tarred Felt Systems KOPPERS 7 1/KOP Architectural and Construction Materials Specification No. 210 Nailable decka without Insulation: Plywood, wood plan*, iigmwmgnt insulating concrete, poured end precaet gypsum Slop* requirements: vr per foot maximum. Materials Required per 100 sq. It ot root area (lor estimating purposes) Rosin Sheathing Paper (1 ply) Cosled Base Sheet " (t ply) Tarred Felt (Mopped in Bitumen) (3 plies) Roofing Bitumen |3 moppmgs @ 25 lbs. each) 5 lbs. 43 lbs. 45 Iba. 7S lb*. 5 lb*. 43 lb*. 45 lb*. 75 lb*. Top Pour Coat Surfacing: Slag Gravel 75 lbs. 300 lbs. -- 75 lb*. -- 400 lbs. Approximata Total Waight 'Wood Decks only. "Unless otherwise indicated. 543 iba. 643lbs. Procedure 1. General Requirements on Pegee through 12 and Flasfwng Detail Soeoficetiofts on Pegee 16 through 20 are a part ot thit apeefcaaon and muat ee adhered to where applicable. 2. When vepor retarder end/or roof insulation are required. install m accordance with the manufacturer s instructor* and comply weh Koppare Oenerai Requtramems and Special Conditions. Follow Specification No. 220 tor roofing mewnato appsed to msuauon. 1. (Wood decks only) Over the surface of the roof deck trmtm one layer Roam Sheethmg Paper weighing approximately $ Ida. per 100 aq. ft tap each sheet at least two (2) inches and nail sufficientty to noid tn place. 1 Apply over enoie surface one 41) pfy of Koppers coated baa* sheet, lapprng sac* sheet four (4) inches ovar preceding shorn and naikng at lap no less than mne (0) mchas and stagger nailed down center of each sheet on mne (9) inch camera. Note (This a approximately 100 nails per 100 aq. ft) Nek shenkaareto be of required length for maxvnum holding power. X Over the entire roof area, appty three (3) pMee of Koppers Tarred Feft leppmg pliee twenty-lour and two-trxrds (24-2/3) menee. AM tape shall be mopped with Coat Tar Bauman the fuM twenty-tour and two-miros (24-2/3) menaa. so that m no place snail fart touch feft 4. On short run atopea. such ae on gickesi end taBdi--.ona half inch per toot or more.nek each sheet of feft six (6) inches from me beck edge on twenty tour <24> inch centers. 5. Pour over the entne surface of the roofing membrane, a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen, and. whMe hot embed not lew man four hundred (400) pounds of gravet or three hundred (300) pouna of slag tor each one htnored (100) square feet Specification No. 220 Non-naHabto docks Precast Conciwe. Poured Concrete. Structural Wood Fiber'. Roof insulations: Vanoue Decks. Slops rsquksmsnts: V per toot maximum. _______ *~esjwT Materials Required per 100 tq. ft. ot roof are* (tor estimating purposes) Rosin sntatnmg Paper * (1 ply) Coated Base Sheet ** (1 ply) Tarred Felt (Mopped in Bitumen) (3 pliee) Rooting Bitumen (3 moppings @ 25 lb*, each) 5 1b*. 43 Iba. 45 lb*. 75 lb*. 51b*431b*. 451b*. 751b*. Top Pour Cost Surfacing: Slag Gravel 75 lbs. 300 lbs. -- 751b*. -- 4001b*. Approximate Total Watgnt 'Wood Docks only. "Unless otherwise indicated. 5431b*. 6431b*. Procodurs General Requirements on Pages mough 12 and Detail Specrticaboneon Pagae 16through 20 are a pert of th* speerfeahon end muet be adhered to where applcable. When a vepor retouar and/or roof tneutodon are rwqumed. metak t accordance with the manufacturer's mhxtora and oompfy wdh Koppers General ftoqurrarmraa and Special Conditions.* 1. Mop dack (or mautobon -- m apple,aNa) compMtoty with Coal Tar BHutiwn. 2. Apply over me enore surfaca lour (4) pheacf KopperaTarred NR. laopmg plea twenty even end one hek (27H) nchee. Mop aokdfy between each 27* men lap wen Coal Tar 8Jtumen so mat m no piece anal fait toueh to*. X On short run slopes of one-nek (W) mch par foot or more, such m on cncksts and saddles, and when the deck parvnaa asking. nak along back of upper edge of each sne on twenty-four (24) men centers. Where deck does not perm* neMng. rmUng atnpe are required and each meet muet be naiad along bate or uppar edge at spaonga to aeaure penatretnn of nalars 4. Pour owr the snare aurfeoe of the raping memarene a imrtorm ooaHng of Coal Tar Bitumen, and. wnae hot ambadnaliMa man tour hundred (400) pouidi of grew! or twee hundred (300) pounds of Mg tor aach ona rumored (f0) aguare toot worn On aniare weed et in a seia mapping af ah pagn*^ 13 Built-up Roofing Systems (Cont.) Koppers Glass Fiber Felt Systems Gtneral Information * `-mg with its eoai Uf and larrad tatt root systems. Koppers otlars butt-up rooi mamoranaa mg Coa* Tar Bitumen and Glass Froer Fan. Tnaaa sysiams otter tne superior proofing characteristics of Coal Tar and the unique features of Glass Fiber Fans Thu combination of coal tar tutumen and grass fiber faft nas demonstrated outstanding root mamorana performance in tna most demanding climsta conditions The Ganarai Requirements pubiisnad on Pages 6 through 12 and Oatail Spacrfieations on Pages 16 through 20 ot this manual ara a part of thii spaetfieation and must ba adharad to where applicable Application of Vapor Retarder and ineutadan Whan a vapor rataroar and/or roof insulation ara raquirad. install in accordanca with tna manutacturar s instructions and comply with Koopars Ganarai Requirements and Special Conditions Product Guide Coal Tar Bhuman Coal Tar basad roofing and waterproofing bituman ASTM Spec. 0450-76 Typa III Giaat Fad Koppars glass fibar roofing (aft is an aiceotionaf quality inorganic pry snaat impragnated with a bituminous raam coating compsfttxa with coal tar bituman Specification: ASTM 02178 Typa IV Specification No. 310-3 Nailable deck* without insulation: Plywood, wood pttnk, lightweight insulating concrete, poured and precast gypsum. Specification No. 310-4 Slope requirements: '//' per foot maximum. Roam Shaathing Paper (Wood Daeka Only) Costed Baaa Sheet (Nailed) Gins Felt* Roofing Bitumen (3 Mopptnge @ 25 lbs. each) Top Pour Coat Surfacing Slag Gravel 1 ply i pfy 3 piiea 75 ids 75 IbS. 300 tbs. 400 IbS Application of Roofing MatorMs lo DeMi i Over the surface ot tna roof deck install one layer Rosin Sheathing Paper weighing approximately 5 lbs. par 100 so ft Lap each ahaatst least two (2) mchaa and nail authctehtty n noid in piaea. (Wood oeck* onty) Apply over entire surface one (1) pry of Koppers coated base snaat. tapping aeen sheet ,ur (4) inches over tna preceding sheet naikng at the tap on nine (0) inch canters and stagger nail down the canter ot each snaat on mne (9) men camera. 3 Apply over me entire sufaea three (31 peas of Koppers GtoM NR. topping pfes twentyfour and two-tnuds (24-2/31 inches Mop solidly between each 24-2/3 nch tapwrth Coal Tar Bituman so that in no ptaca sash tatt touch fart. 4 At as trees raqmnng mamorana toga eovaroping, a standard organic tsrrsd fart must ba usad as tna snvetopaig mamorana. 5. Pour over the.enere surlect ot tna roofing membrane. a uniform coatmg of Coal Tar Bituman, and. wM* hot embed not less than four hundred (4001 pounds of gravel or three hundred (300) pounds of slag for each one hundred (100) souare feet. per 100 eg. ft of roof area (for estimating purpoees) Roam Sheathing Paper (Wood Decks Only) Coated Base Shaft (Nailed) Glass Felts Roofing Bituman (2 Mopptnge 25 tee. each) i Ply 1 Ply 2 plies 50 lbs Top Pour Com Surfacing: Slag Gravel 75 lbs. 30016a, 400 lbs. 1. Ovsr the surface of the root deck mstaR one layer Roam Sheathing Paper weighing approximately 5 tea. per 100 so. ft Lap each snaat at lasst two (2) inehasandnarieuifwwntiy to hold m piece. (Wood decks onty.) 2. Apply ovwrerteiw surface one(t)ply of Kpppars coaled base shaei. lapping aacn snaat four (4) mchaa over the preceding sheet naikng at tna lap on nine (9) men canters and stagger nail down the canter of each sheet on nme (9) inch camera. 3. Apply over the antra auface two (2) ptws of Koppars Glaas Faft. lapping peas nineteen (19) mens*. Mop aotidfy between seen nineteen meh lap with Coaf Ter Bituman sothat m no piaca mad tan touch fan. 4 At an areas rsowimg membranedOQtaoveiopk>9.asanflSfdoroan>c tarrad MR must be 5. Pour over the aan surface of tne roofing membrane, e undorm coating of Coal Tar Bitumen, and. whfle hot embed not tees man tour hundred (400) pouies of gravel ortnraa hundred (300) pounds of sisq for aacn one (tutored (TOO) aouare feat Specification No. 320-3 Specificstion No. 320-4 Non-nallable decks: Pound Conent*. Root Insulations: Vinous Dicks. Slope requirements: 7." psr toot msximum. Mandate Required par too to. fl of roof eras (for aaemaeng purposes) Glass Fefts (Mopped m Bauman) Roofing Bituman (3 Moppmgs & 25 tea. each) 3 peas 75 lbs. Top Pour Coat Surfacing: Slag Gravel 75 tee. 300 tee. 400 (ba. AppRctRen ef Membrane i Mop deck (or insulation -- as apptcabte) oompteteiy wan Coal Tar Bauman. 2. Over theenbie roofarea, apply mret (3) pheaof KdpperrnnaafaffMMmQpfiea twenty ur and rwo-truret (24-2/3) mcnar AN tope shaft be mopped wn Coal Tar Bauman me tuR snty-tour and iwo-tnmto (24-2/3) mcnaa. so that m no place ahaR left touch ML 5 At aR areas requmng membrane edge arwMopmg, a standard organc tarred Mt must ba used as the wwsiopmg membrane. 4 Pour over the snore surface of the roofing membrane, a uniform eoaftng of Coal Tar Bitumen, and. whaa not embed not lees man lour hundred (400) pounds of gravel orthree hundred (300) pounds of nag for each one hundred (100) square teat. UMMWk Wipikrt par 100 aq. R. ot fool araa (for aatanaong pwpoaaal Glass Fan (Mopped in Bitumen) Roofng BAunen (4 Moppmga # 25 toe. each) 4 peat 100 tea. Top Pour Cote Surfacing: Slag Gravel 75 tee. 300 tea. 400 lbs. t. Mop deck (or meutobon -- as appecabte) completely with Com Tar Bauman. 2. Over tie anere reel area, apptptour (4) pMadKoppara OlaaaFaHtepping peas twentyseven and onrftaR (27-1/2) inctm AH laps ahMl be mopped wRh Coal Tar BMimanthaMi twenty saran and onmneN (27-1/7) mchaa. so that m no pM e MtsN Mt touch fan. 5. m Mi -- taniMino memnnne aiRja am atefiriQ a wnrterrlnr[terjirnT usad as fit arvatepmg mamorana. 4 Pour over the entire aurteca of the roofing membrane. a uniform ooadng of Coal Tar Bituman. and. wtute hoi embed not teaa than tour hundred (400) poutoeof gravel or three hundred (300) pounde ot slag tor aech one tutored (100) eouera teat 14 Built-Up Roofing Systems (Cont.) Water Retaining Roofs KOPPERS 7 1,KOP Architectural and Construction Materials Water Cooled Roofs Spray Systems Bitumen. While hot. embed not less than four normally associated with retained water, hundred (400) pounds of gravel or three poured and precast concrete or other heavy hundred (300) pounds of slag for each one load bearing decks must be specified. Wood or Ponded Systems . hundred (100) square feet. metal decks should only be considered where 2. All loose gravel or sleg shall be swept from ponded or standing water is at a minimum. Water Retaining Roofs Process Water surface and a second uniform pouring of Note: Decks requiring a base sheet as the first approximately eighty-five (85) pounds of Coal ply of the roofing system are not permitted for Tar Bitumen shall be applied over the gravel or this application. Retarded Drainage Systems Controlled Flow Discussion slag, into which while hot. shall be applied a second layer of three hundred (300) pounds of gravel or two hundred (200) pounds of slag for each too square feet The entire surface shall then be thoroughly broomed free from all loose gravel or slag. It is advisable to roll the finished surface with a light roller so that aggregate is thoroughly embedded. 2. Roof Structure design live loads for this application shall be a minimum of 50 psf and deflection shall not exceed 1/360 of the span, both in addition to the anticipated weight of the water. Insulation joints must be taped in single layer applications. Vapor retarders must be two ply and solid mopped. Use steep asphalt over metal decks. Wood must be Oue to Coal Tar Bitumen's natural resistance 3. All Hashings will be KMM membrane similar treated to prevent warping (see "wood nailing to water, it may be utilized in the construction to Specification No. 710 on Psga'90 except strip*'). of built-up roofing membranes that will be expected to hold water over long periods of time. When applying a .-.membrane that is required to hold water, follow Specification 220 for applications over non-naifabla decks (tour plies of No. 15 Tarred Felt set in solid mopping* of Coal Tar Bitumen). that a layer of Standard Grade KMM membrane must be metalled totally substrate fused prior to the application of the KMM Aluminum membrane top ply. NOTE Roofs equipped with contralad flow drainage systems do not require the extra top pour and gravel application. 3. At points where water pressure from* spray system may be excaaeiv*, the roof surface should be protected with treated board platform* or other suitable construction to break force of the water. These platforms should be laid on top of the roof surface and not fattened to the deck. Note; The bate sheet alternate shal not bo 4. insulation under a Water Cooled Roof in the roof is water cooled or has been igned to be continuously wet the top surfacing of bitumen and gravel must be applied as follows: Design consideration When designing e water cooled, water retaining or retarded drainage roof assembly, certain design criterion must be considered. should be a type which is rigid, dimensionally stable with high compressive strength. 5. IT IS MANDATORY THAT THE WATER COOLING SYSTEM BE CLOSED DOWN AND THE ROOF DRAINED PRIOR TO COLD WEATHER. Neither roofing nor the structure 1. Pour over the entire surface of the roofing Note: will withstand the expansion caused by ica membrane a uniform coating of Coal Tar 1. Due to the extremely heavy weight loads formation. 15 I Built-Up Roofing Systems (Cont.) Flashing Specifications v_-<ieral Flashings are the terminal closures of a roofing system which perform a waterproofing, and in some systems, a decorative function. Flashings must Be installed at all intersections formed By vertical surfaces. Their importance cannot be stressed too strongly. Water entering ihe roofing system through flashings can result in water vapor forces which will destroy the effectiveness of the roofing. Koppers flashings are an integral part of a Koppers roof. Designed for flexibility so that slight movements do not dislodge them and fastened securely to the wall, they give many years of service. It is particularly important that the top edge of the flashing be protected by counter flashing, which will insure a diversion of the water away from any opening which might develop between flashing and wall. NOTE; In any case where the design or anchoring system of metal counter flashing is difficult, the top of the flashing system should be stripped with Koppers KMM Aluminum Membrane (8" wide mm.) centered and totally heat fused over the top edge of the flashing system. Metal work is only useful for decorative, water shedding, or protection against mechanical damage, and is not a waterproofing part of the flashing system. Because of the high coefficient of expansion of sheet metals and the large temperature changes expenenced on a roof, sheet metal or exposed metal components must be isolated from the waterproofing components of the roofing and flashing system as efficiently as possible to prevent the metal from splitting the membrane. Flashing should be installed as roofing progresses to prevent water damage to insulation or deck under the roofing. It this is not possible water cut-offs must be installed and later removed when flashing is installed. Metal counter flashing or a top seal of KMM Aluminum Membrane must be installed as flashing progresses. ... NOTE: 1. If guaranteed flashing is required, it must be installed in conjunction with a Koppers guaranteed roof and can be guaranteed for standard periods up to but not greater than the penod for which the roofing is guaranteed. To be guaranteed, composition flashings mutt be set at least 7V above the roofing base. 2. Metal Cap flashings are not included under any flashing guarantee. 3. Metal work of any description used as flashing or a part of a flashing system is not included under any flashing guarantee. The basic Koppers flashings require a metal cap flashing to be inserted in the raggle immediately upon completion of base NOTE: Koppers KMM Flashing Systems are flashing. The cap flashing is to have not less , also available for use with Koppers Built-Up than a four (4) inch erjjjed apron extending " -floofing Systems. Specie details, and down over the base fliBMtg. specifications can be found on Pages 30 and 31 of this manual.. Application Extend plies of roofing felts and bitumen moppings up all walls, parapets and curbs for a ance of two (2) inches above cant strip, raggle not less than seven and one-half (/ I) inches or more than twelve (12) inches above the roof deck is to be provided. 1 Prime all masonry walls from top of roofing felts to raggle with Koppers Asphalt Pnmer. Allow to dry thoroughly. 2. In a uniform coaling of Koppers Flashing Cement,' install one (1) ply of Koppers Glass Fiber Felt extending from the raggle to not less than four (4) inches from the base of the cant onto the roof. 3. On top of this apply a second uniform coat of Koppers Flashing Cement into which embed one (1) ply of Koppers Reinforced Base Flashing (reinforced fabric side down). Care shall be taken to assure that all flashing membrane end laps are fuiiy .embedded in flashing cement. Firmly trowef a* and (ape in place to assure good adhesion.- 4. Nail with one and one-half (1Vl)-ineh masonry roofing nails through Rat tin discs along upper edge eight (8) inchee o.c. maximum into mortar joints. For concrete construction, nail to treated :j*ood nailing strips set in flush with the surface with appropriate nail through fiat tin discs. End laps for each ply shall be not less than three (3) inches. End laps between plies shall be staggered not less than twenty-four (24) inches. 5. The top edge ot the flashing felts are to be led with flashing cement. (Stripping of this j edge with Koppers Gtasfsb Fsbnc. set in the cement is preferred, but remains optional.) 6. Coal entire surface of flashing with Koppers Aluminum Coating S445 applied at a rate of 2 gal/100 sq. ft. (including nail cape along top edge of flashing as well as top edges ot felts). 16 Specification No. 108 Application Detail - Raggle to be Seeled -Metal Counter Reaping--Extend Downward 4". , Seel oft Edges of Plies with Koppers Flashing Cement . 1 Ply of Koppers Reinforced Base Flashing aet in Koppers Fleshing Cement . IV Barbed Roofing Nails through Tin Discs on 8" Centers--Max. Cementitious Type Wa 7. interply cement shall be troweled uniformly, full height and continuously approximately one-eighth (Vi) inch thick. Plies must be laid in smoothly with no pockets, wrinkles or buckles. Install metal cap flashing. NOTE: Koppers Hasp asphalt may be used as an eftemaii to the two (2) ktterpfy troweling* AM other requirements of this spedtcatlon must be adhered to. Built-Up Roofing Systems (Cont.) KOPPERS 7 1/KOP Architectural and Construction Materials eneral information i nere are numerous flashing details that have been proven by experience over the years. There are normally a number of acceptable construction details for accomplishing one purpose. The architect should select a detail that best serves the purpose under the various and different conditions concerned with the specific job at hand. In certain cases, slight modifications are necessary to adjust a proven detail to job conditions or one method may serve better than another. The details shown in this manual are some suggestions based on experience. Space limitations prohibit listing many others. Design or selection is a responsibility of the architect. Koppers representatives are available to review flashing details to assist the architect in providing the best details for specific jobs. Raised Edge Metal Cap Set in Koppers Flashing Cement Nails spaced r Irom edge ol metal stnp and 3" apart through neo prene wasnera. 4" x 6" Wood Cant Flashing Spec. *108 Koppers ftoofmg Parapet/Precast or Poured Concrete o 0 o 9 i Metal Counter Flashing, to De Seaieo and Tightaned witn Leaded Wedges Treated Wood Nailer Cast-in-Piace 0 Min. 7V 0. !I MUinf Dec* Pre-Cast or Poured-in-PIace e Concrete Wall Treated Wood Nailer Note: Wall Shall be Prepared to Eliminate Water Penetration Through Concrete to Underside of Roofing Parapet/Metal Curtain Wail u.u, Curtain Well 2 Plies ol Membrane Set in Koppers Decorative Wall Cap Flashing Cement. Turn Down over Edge / ^--' Treated Relief Joint Provide Slope where Possible Flashing Specs. 108 Treated Wood Nailer 2 Plies ol Membrane Set in Koppers Flashing Cement. Turn Down over Edge Flashing Nailed 10" O.C. V x 10" Mm. (Nom.) Trseted Wood Nailer Fattened to Deck Wood Cent 4" x 4' Equipment Support 2 Plies of Membrane in Flashing Cement Turned Down Over Edge Lag Screw Neoprene Pad Parapet/Wall Cap Metal Counterflashing (Whan Required) Extend Downward 4" Set in 2 Plies of Membrane Set in Koppers Flsahina Cement Fleshmo Cement. Turned Down over t 'Note: When composition fleshing does not extend up to ws4 cap or *a cap does not provide water egrsaa protection, a metal counterftaahing mutt be installed eccordtng to procedural found in natang speciticatione. 17 I Built-Up Roofing Systems (Cont.) Flashing Details (continued! Structural Attacnment with Water Seal (eg Don through Neoprene Washer) Neoprene Paa 2 Rites of Membrane in Flashing Cement Turned Oown Over Edge Flashing Specs *108 Koppers Roofing aural Section Treated Wood Nailer Surrounding Column Stub Column Attached to Struaural Framing Future Columns, Sign Supports and Angle Irons At all locations where stub or future columns, sign.supports and angle irons are to penetrate built-up roofing. Koppers recom mends wooden curbed base units with cant strips to be installed to accept KMM flashing systems. Where structural steel section extends beyond "stub" height, metal cap flashing with tight fit to the structural section must be fabricated and continuously welded to the projection to assure a watertight metal'cap. Drip Flashing Set in Koppers Flashing Cement Turned Down over Edges Metal Cap and Cleats (Sloped it Reqd.) Loose Insulation Curbed Expansion Joint Curb expansion joints are to be flashed in accordance with Koppers specifications for parapet walla. Metal cap must be designed to expand so as not to disturb flashing. It is the responsibility of the designer of the building to provide for adequate expansion joints. For the protection of the rooting system against splits caused by expansion and contraction. Koppers recommends that an expan sion joint be installed: (1) on root areas larger than 200 feet in each direction. (2) at all places where the structural supports and roof assembly change direction, (3) where type of adjoining deck materials change. Where control, expansion, or contraction joints are provided in structural steel, deck material, or deck system, provisions must be made for continuation through the roofing system. See (Expansion Joints) Page 11. Roof Drain Alt roof drains shall be provided with metal roof drain flashing flangesjyhich extend at least 12' beyond drain opening and shall be stripped with felt in accordance with drain detail. All drains should be provided with expansion joint sleeves. The sheet metal flange furnished with the drain must be cemented to the surface of the felt with hot Coal Tar Bitumen or flashing cement. Over the flange apply, with alternate moppings or troweiings, two (2) reinforcing plies of feit so that the first extends not less than three (3) inches beyond the outer edge of the flange, and the second not lets than six (6) inches. Roof drains must be of a type provided with a wide lead or copper flange. Strainer construction should provide adjustment for meeting variations in roof leva! or slope. To obtain proper drainage, roof drains should be located tt points of lowest expected deflection in roof deck. Note: Special cara must ba takan to prevent bitumen migration into drain opaninga. 18 Builr-Up Roofing Systems (Cont.) KOPPERS 7 1,'KOP Architectural and Construction Materials Roof Vent with 5" Flange Set m Koooers Flashing Cement Two Plies of Felt Set in Bitumen lUMAJumnnwinniviro^^ aj!^2-m Loose Insulation For Wood Oeeks Fill About 1" Deep with Cement Mortar Before Pouring Bituman Koppera Built-up Roofing Optional. For aoosd protection a matal cap flashing may be attached and sealed to the proiection Metal Pan Sat in Bitumen and Filltd with Bitumen or Koppera Ter Based Cement Roof Vent Koppers does npt recommend occasional or spot vents through the roof as the only venting method or a substitute for underside or continuous vented systems. There may be certain instances where spot or mushroom type vents might be deemed advisable by the designer for a new building (eg. at expansion joints for vent relief on long run underside continuous venting systems, etc.) Walkways (Treated Wood Walkway) Treated Wooden Treated Ptenk >iaaor in Bitumtn Walkway , 2 Pfy St Doing Plu* jv Bitumen and Aggregate Pitch Pocket Although controversial, the "Pitch Pocket" is one of the most frequently used design details. The sheet metal flange must be cemented to the surface of the felt with hot coal-tar-bitumen or flashing cement. Over the flange apply, with alternate mopping*. two (2) reinforcing plies of tarred felt so that the first extends not less than three (3) inches beyond the outer edge of the flange and the second no less than six (6) inches. Fill metal pan with hot coal-tar-bitumen or flashing cement. Paint exposed sections of all reinforcing rods with dampproofing paint. Traffic Pad Kopoert Roofing Ceramic Granule Surfaced Protaction Awagete ! Non Wall Support Flashing Haggle to be Sealed Metal Regtei ineert tor removable counterfleehing Faatener* approx. 24" O.C. Removable countertlaahing Flexible vapor retarder to aerve aa insulation retainsr. Compranibla insulation Flashing Specification No. 106 Cant atnp set in bituman or mantic roofway i Roof Opening Curbs extending a nominal 10 inches to 14 inches above roof surface shaB be provided at all openings for skylights, ventilators, expansion joists, etc., to provide for instalation of KMM flashing. Skylight- Ventilator CondensateSutter Flashing Nailed 10 O.C. Flashing Specs. Treatad wood nailar (Fasten to deck only) Note Suggested detail where possibility exists that diffarential movement will occur between beck and vertical surface. This detail it intandad as a guide only. 19 Built-Up Roofing Systems (Cont.) Flashing Details (continued) apered Cant Tapered Cant Flange width 4" minimum Gravel Stop Minimum -- r Height Metal Gravel Stop Set m Kopoers Flashing Cemen Felt Envelope Nails spaced 1N from edge of metal strip and 3" apart m treated wood nailing strip ` Two Plies of Felt Feathered , over Flange m Coal Tar Bitumen or Tar Base Cement Taoered Cant Max incline 2" per foot Roofing Membrane System Not less tnan ---------------4 t*| Deck Insulation Treated Wood Nailer Fynge width 4" minimum Qravel Stoo \ Minimum--------- 1 1" Height Metal Qravel S' Set in Koooere Flashing Cement Metal Pitch5am Set in Hoppers Flashing Cement Treated Wood Nailer Nails spaced V' from edge ot metal stnp and 3" apart in treatad wood nailing stnp. Two Pile* of FairFeathered over Flange in Coal Tar Bitumen or Tar Bate Cement Taoered Cam Max incline 2* per toot Rooting Membrane System Hanging Gutter Vented Edge Koppors Roofing Two Plies of Felt Appropriate Nails and Length For Maximum Anchorage Metal Qravel Stop With 4" Range Embedded in hoppers Flashing Cement Felt Enveloce Set in Mm 4" Wide Troweling -- ot hoopers Fleshing f- Cement r Min. EageStrip. Nailed6*O.C( Hangers. 30* PC. Gravel Stop nailed 1* trom inner edge of Flange and 3* OC. pFtange width 4* minimum pKdppert Roofing Two Pliee of Fett Feathered Over Flange in Coal TV Bitumen or Tar BeeeCement TaoeredCare Mexwmcn par foot Flange Set in hoopers Flashing Cement Fett Envelope Inautetion Vapor Barrier Treated Wood Nailer if* Vent Hole Openings irto24*O.C. Vent Pipes, Stacks, Flagpoles, and Other Projections - Set in Hoppers Fleshing Cement All vent pipes, stacks, flagpoles, or other projections penetrating the built-up roofing, whether indicated on drawings or not, must have a proper metal sleeve flashing with flange, pan flashing with flange or other flanged flashing installed. Behind metal sleeves and beneath the roofing membrane next to deck install a metal bitumen dam as shown in detail. The sheet Set in Keepers Flashing CemsM metal flange must be demented to the surface of the fett with a mopping of hot Coal Tar Bitumen. Over flange apply, with alternate moppings, two (2) reinforcing pliee of felt so that the first extends not less than three (3) inches beyond the outer edge of the flange and the second not lest than six (0) inches. 20 SINGLE-PLY ROOFING SYSTEMS KMM9 Membrane Systems r'--iption . jmbrane is a versatile, prefabneated sheet of cold-applied roofing and waterproofing matenal. It is designed tor application in roofing, reroofing, maintenance roofing, foundations, plazas and various other areas of construction where effective waterproofing is required. KMM membrane is supplied in two types. KMM Standard Membrane KMMe Standard membrane is a five-layer laminate composed of a strong, flexible plastic core protected on each surface by a layer of modified bitumen and an outer film of polyethylene. KOPPERS 7 1/KOP Architectural and Construction Materials KMM Aluminum Membrane KMM* Aluminum membrane is a five-layer laminate composed of a strong, flexible plastic core which is protected on. each side with a layer of modified bitumen. The top surface is a heavy, embossed aluminum sheet and the bottom surface is a film of polyethylene. KMM Standard membrane is appropriate for use in vertically as well as honzontally applied waterproofing systems where surface protection is specified. KMM Aluminum membrane is always adhered in KMM Adhesive or steep asphalt. It is ideally used in roofing systems in which the roof slope is too steep to permit aggregate surfacing. It is also employed in flashing systems. KMM membrane has good elongation properties to withstand normal structural movement, when acceptable architectural practices are followed. It is suitable for application over most decks and commonly used insulating materials which provide continuous support for the KMM membrane. KMM membrane is simple to install. It results in a completely waterproof system. It is factory-made and provides a factory-assured quality material of uniform thickness and composition. The function of the bitumen covering is to serve as a earner and protector of the central plastic core, and to provide the basis for the heat fusion between the sheetswhileadding to the water resistance of the laminate. Product Information KMM Membrane Roll Size Thickness (nominal) Weight (nominal) KMM Standard Membrane 43" x 33 L.F. 118 sq. ft. 107 sq. ft. coverage 160 mita"'' 99 lbs./roll (includes packaging & core) KMM Mfinbaan Mambrsne 43" x 33 LP. llSsq/fc 107 sq. ft coverage 120 mils 76 ibeTroM (includes packaging & cora) KMM Membranes Both versions of KMM membrane are supplied in the ' n of compact, ready-to-apply rolls. M _.-.ndard membrane, loosely laid, is nally used in roofing systems which incorporate an aggregate surface or where protection from the atmospheric elements is afforded to the KMM surface by other means. KMM Adhesive An asphalt base adhesive that bonds KMM Membrane to most surfaces. Package Size; 5 and 55 gal. containers. Weight Approx. 55 lbs. per 5 gallon container and 600 lbs. per 55 gallon drum. Stonemat A 3 oz. polyester mat of high burst strength used under stone topping. Rolls are 8' x 450'. Color Coalings for KMM Aluminum Membrane Field applied castings feifejgjMM Aluminum membrane are available in T4dolors. For color selection' consult Koppers Master Color Selection Chart 560-L under Koppers Acrylic Emulsion No's. 600 snd 6t0. . T- Single-Ply Roofing Systems (Cont.) KMM Roofing Systems ^neral Requirements The data contained herein is primarily oriented designated specifications, other than to For precast concrete, strip all joints with 6" toward rooting systems. However, much of the establish a suitable roofing base in the roof wide felt stripping set in Koppers Flashing information is also applicable for structure system. Cement, or 6" wide KMM Standard membrane waterproofing systems. Contact your Koppers representative for specific data concerning KMM waterproofing and/or further information pertaining to KMM roofing systems. All decks shall be installed in accordance with KMM Membrane is not Intended to otter chemical resistance and must not be used on roofs subjecttd to corrosive or otherwise damaging solutions, vapors, etc. Guarantee substrate-fused. WOOD FIBER DECKS KMM Aluminum Membrane should not be applied directly over wood fiber decks. A glass base sheet set in steep asphalt must be applied the deck manufacturer's specifications, and snail be in compliance with Koppers General Requirements. All surfaces must be dry. frost free, reasonably A guarantee is available on KMM Membrane roofs when applied by a KMM Qualified Applicator. See page 6 for lurther information. prior to the application of KMM Aluminum Membrane. The base sheet shall be laid unattached prior to KMM Standard application. smooth, clean, rigid and free from debris, loose materials, projections, holes, release agents or other contaminants which might cause rupture of the membrane and/or adversely affect the KMM membrane application and performance. Oust shall be removed from the surface immediately before application of the KMM membrane system, especially from those which incorporated the use ot KMM Adhesive to adherethe membrane to its substrate. The placing of conduits, bolt heads, etc., above the roof deck and below the roofing membrane is not recommended. KMM Membrane Systems meet these codes FM Class 1. 1-60. 1-90 UL Class A IC80 SBC CMHC Contact your Koppers representative for information on the KMM Membrane System that meets your specific code requirements. Deck Requirements METAL DECKS Board insulations are necessary over this type of deck. Surface must be free of loose rust and GYPSUM DECKS Decks must be cleared of dirt and debris and all other foreign matter and all holes, cracks or other voids must be filled (lush with the surface. Poured gypsum decks sometimes cause trouble because the roofing is laid before the deck is thoroughly dry. When this happens the result is a blistered and buckled membrane, or, just as senous, insulation curls and makes an unsatisfactory job. The roofing contractor, backed by the architect, must insist on a thoroughly dry deck before beginning work. All projections or openings in the deck should e completed prior to the application of the ;ofing. Insulate all hot water and steam pipes which project through or are near the surface to be roofed or waterproofed. This is to prevent possible damage to the KMM system. oily substances. Deflection should notexceed 1/240 of the span. STRUCTURAL CONCRETE (POURED A PRECAST) Where insulation is specified on concreM All joint* must be.grouted smooth and level with the deck surface. Slab surfaces must be even with the adjacent slab surface or the edges must be gradually and smoothly tapered to the adjacent sja&, KMM Standard may be idCMrjgd directly over The proper design, specification and slopes exceeding T per foot, insulation stope the deck surface. positioning of the various components of the root structure system, are the responsibility of the building owner or his designer. Any subsequent failures due to either the installation or lack of installation will not be shall be installed to retain insulation in place. Treated wood insulation stops 2" (nom.) wide, and equal to the thickness of the insulation, shall be installed to the top of the surface of the deck by means of bolts, screws, or other Prior to the application of KMM Aluminum, nail a glass basa sheet terminating at the base of the cant or at the perimeter ot the deck under metal edges. Koppers responsibility. acceptable fastener, countersunk to be flusft WOOO DECKS ^ with surface of insulation stop. In approving any deck ae satisfactory to Plywood shallbeatrterior grade. All wood shall receive a KMM system, only the decksurface is All concrete and masonry surfaces must be be watt seasoned, dry. and preferably treated. accepted. cured, dry and free ot loose' materia!. Alt End joint* shall have adequate bearing. Loose It Is the responsMUty ot the budding designer and the deck manufacturer to provide tor expansion and contraction In a manner that wtu provide e stable bees tor the KMM cracks, holes, voids and open areas shall ba or void knot hoies. targe cracks, etc., shall be wattad with water and than carefully filled with covered with appropriate material. Ail nail Portland Cerpent Mortar, struck flush,'and' must be flush with surface of wood pamflttad t^||. membrane, tor support ot maximum When KMM Adhesive or steep asphalt is tbbe KMM Standard Membrane; When applied over anticipated loads, Mr taouts attachments applied directly to the concrete surface, the wood decks, lay a base sheet unattached over vertically end laterally, and lor the selection ot concrete must ba cured, freeotmouture, dust the deck surface, lapping 4" on side and 6jjon the deck material and construction details and other contaminants including curing and tap*. Including their abUMy to contain bitumens or adhesives used for attachments ot tie KMM membrane or other components ot thesystem. agent and form release agent*. Where a curing agent has bean used, apply a glass bast sheet, solid mopped in steep KMM Aluminum: Not to ba applied directly to wood docking. Where specified over wood decks, the wood surface shall be covered as asphalt (18-23 Iba./sq.) or mechanically follow*: Koppers all not assume rssponsMkty tor deck detects, or the effect ot deck fastened with approved fasteners, prior to the application of KMM Adhesive. Nail glass base sheet with approximately 100 acceptable nail* (capable of developing a detects on Koppers roots. The information in this manual pertaining to materials and application methods other than for KMM roofing, a offered to assist the Concrete surfaces to which KMM Adhesive or steep asphalt will be directly applied must be primed with Koppers High-Pan Primer 452 at the rate of 1/2-3/4 gai. per square. All joints must ba grouted smooth and level minimum 40 pound nail pull-out strength) followed by a glass base sheet solid mopped in steep asphalt. LIGHTWEIGHT INSULATING DECKS designer in establishing their normal position with the deck surface. All slab surface* must Lightweight insulating decks include in the root structure system. They should not be even with the surface ot the adjacent slab, lightweight aggregate concrete (20 to 40 lb*. be construed as part of the KMM roofing or edges must ba gradually and smoothly percu.fl. oven dry density); foamed concrete, system, as endorsement or as part of the tapered to adjacent slab. gypeum and thermosetting asphaltic decks. 22 Single-Ply Roofing Systems (Cont.) HOPPERS 7 1/KOP Architectural and Construction Materials KMivi Standard may be loosely laid directly over the deck surface. When KMM Aluminum is specified the following requirements must be met, prior to application of the KMM: 1. Except for Dycon* Concrete, lightweight insulating deck systems must be capable of venting excess water vapor to the underside. Koppers will not accept lightweight insulating decks when placed over vapor barriers, poured concrete substrates, unvented metals, or any type of base which will not permit these materials to vent from the underside. This is necessary to prevent a water vapor pressure build-up under the built-up roofing. Occasional or spot vents through the roofing as the only venting method are not satisfactory substitutes for underside venting. 2. Nailable decks' must be capable of developing at the very minimum, a 40 pound nail pull-out or withdrawal strength. 3. A glass base sheet must be nailed terminating the base sheet at the base of the cant or at the perimeter of the deck under metal edges. (100 nails per sq. min.) 4. Koppers will not be responsible for failure of the insulating deck to remain integral or for disbonding of the roofing from the surface of the deck. 'ard type insulation is to be applied over .,. .weight insulating deck, provisions must be made between the fill and the board insulation to prevent fill moisture from affecting the insulation and roofing. Vapor Retarder Recommendation of a vapor retarder is the responsibility of the design professional, including selection of compatible materials and installation method. Expansion Joints (Building) KMM roofs, especially those employing the loose laid membrane concept are able to withstand building movement to a greater degree than conventional materials, but good design practices dictate that eipanalcn Joints should be employed for protection of the overall roofing system. The use, location and design of building expansion joints should be taken into consideration at the time of the original building design. Although provisions for adequate expansion joints are the responsibility of the building designer, Koppers offers the following recommendations for the protection of the roofing system due to stresses caused by expansion and contraction of the building. Building expansion joints should be installed: 1. 'arge roof areas install expansion joints at ,oot intervals. L At all places where the structural supports and roof assembly change direction. 3. Where types of adjoining deck materials changes. KMM TYPICAL DIMENSIONAL PROPERTIES STANDARD GRADE Width............................................................... Length.............................................................. Thickness (overall)............................................ Top Layer, nominal ........................................ Bitumen Layer, nominal ................................. Central Core, nominal..................................... Bitumen Layer, nominal ................................. Bottom' Layer, nominal ................................... Gross Area per Roll........................................... Normal Joint Overlap......................................... Net Coverage per Roll Weight per Roll........ ......................................... We.ight of Core Mandrel ALUMINUM GRADE Width overall .................................................... Width of Aluminum Foil ..................................... Length.............................................................. Thickness (Overall)............................................. Top Aluminum Foil, nommal........................... Bitumen Layer, nominal ................................. Central Core, nominal.................................... Bitumen Layer, nominal ................................. Bottom Layer, nominal ................................... Gross Area per Roll *..... ... Normal Joint Overtap T ~ "* Net Coverage per Roll........... ................... ;... Weight per Roll.............,.................................. Weight of Core Mandrefcjn^.............................. METRIC no cm 10.1 m 4 mm 0.013 mm 1.93 mm 0.09 mm 1.93 mm 0.013 mm 11.11 sq m 10 cm 10 sq m 44 *0 1.0 ig 110 cm 100.3 cm 10.1 m 3 mm 0.09 mm 1.4 mm 0.09 mm 1.4 mm 0.013 mM|fc 11.11 sq m 10 - cm 10 sq m 34 ig 1.0 kg ENGLISH 43.3 in 33.1 0.157 in. 0.0005 in 0.076 in 0.0035 in 0.076 m 0.0005 in 119 sq ft 3.9 in 107 sq ft 97 lb 22 lb 43.3 in 39.5 in 33.1 ft 0.118 in 0.0035 in 0.055 in 0.0035 in 0.055 in 0.0005 in 119 sq ft 3.9 in 107 sq ft 74 lb 2.25 lb TYPICAL MEMBRANE PROPERTIES STANDARD GRADE Strength of Joints..........................\................... Water Vapor Permeability (ASTM E 96 -- Method B) a. g/h/m3..................-<..................................... b. grains/h/ft3................................................. Permeance -- Perms (grains/h/ft.3/in. Hg............... Pliability at -20* C (ASTM D 228)......................... Water Absorption (ASTM D 570:5 at 50* C). g........ Dimensional Stability (ASTM O 570:5 d at 50*C). * Sag Resistance (ASTM D 1855 (modified) :8S*C) cm. ... Thermal Conductance (Btu -- in/h/ft.*/ F) ............. Exceeds strength of membrane 0.0288 0.00007 0.0001 Passes 0.06 0.5 0.1 1.06 Where control, expansion or contraction joints are provided in structural steel, deck matenals or deck system, provisions must be made for their continuation through the roofing system. Board Insulations These insulations come in varying thicknesses and sizes. The insulation manufacturer's specifications shall be followed and. In addition, shall be in compliance with Koppers General Requirements. Roofing equipment must be of a type which will not damage the insulation used. Broken or damaged insulation sheets can only be used when the damaged portion is cut out_ No more insulation shall be laidln a (toy than can be protected by KMM membrane in case of sudden weather changes. Edges of insulation shall be brought closely together and shall not be forced into place. Where insulation joins vertical surfaces, the insulation shad be cut in a neat manner, allowing at least Vi" clearance. Insulation joints must be staggered. When more than one layer of insulation is used, joints in each layer shaH not coincide. All layers shall be parallel to preceding layers. Under.loose laid KMM Standard MembranC insulation other than urethane, urethane composite, and isocyanurate may be laid loose if the thickness of the board is mtnimun __ 374-. Care must be exercised to insure snug^~- Where attachment of insulation is required in thaae specificationa. steep asphalt and/or fastenera must possess a minimum uplift resistance of 40 pounds per square foot (PSP). 23 Single-Ply Roofing Systems (Cont.) Suitability ot the kind of attachment is dependent upon the type ol insulation and its substrate This should be investigated by the specifier along with the various requirements, including wind uplift resistance, as described in the local building code and/or policies of the insurance agencies involved. Koppers will accept the use of mechanical fasteners providing insulation manufacturer recommendations are followed, and they are approved by FM. FM Approved fasteners may be used providing a glass base sheet is solid mopped in asphalt to cover all insulation. Exeltherm Xtra -- is acceptable loose laid under KMM Standard. May be used under KMM Aluminum when set in steep asphalt or mechanically fastened and covered with a glass felt base sheet set in steep asphalt. (Use of Exeltherm Xtra under KMM qualifies for a Gold Seal Guarantee). Partite, Fiber Glass, and Flberboard -- insulations may be used under KMM Aluminum only when a glass base sheet is firmly attached to the insulation with steep asphalt, prior to the application of KMM Aluminum. KMM Standard may be loose laid directly over these insulations. Polystyrene is not acceptable under KMM Aluminum. Polystyrene with minimum 1.5 lb. density is acceptable under KMM Standard when the polystyrene is covered with a loose laid base sheet. Wood Nailing Strips All non-nailable decks require wood nailing strips at eaves, edges, walls, root openings, etc., for proper securing of metal flanges. Nailers must be securely and firmly attached to the deck or through to its supporting members. Nailers shall extend not less than 1" beyond the apron or flange. Nailers should be treated to preserve their condition and hence their nail retentive power for the expected life of the roofing. Creosote or oilbom preservatives may affect the roofing they contact and should not be used. Nailers should be pressure-treated with a waterbom preservative such as Wolman* salts or with penta applied in a liquified petroleum gas carrier such as the Cellon* process. Wolman and Cation are registered trademarks of Koppers Company, Inc,. Traffic Surface Where heavy traffic is anticipated over KMM Membrane, a suitable traffic surface such as Careytred* should be provided. Traffic pads shall be set in place over an additional ply of KMM membrane -- fused to the KMM roof. Inspection and Patching All KMM membrane must be carefully inspected tor construction damage and imperfect heat fusion prior to the installation ol the protective topping. It is advisable to inspect lap fusions at the end ol each work day. Any holes or tears must be patched with the appropriate KMM membrane. The patch must extend at least 4" in all directions from the edges of the tear or puncture. Seal into position with mterpty fusion and top sealing for Standard KMM membrane. Seal Aluminum KMM membrane by interply fusion. Streaks or seams of bitumen on Aluminum KMM membrane may be touched up by high quality aluminum paint. Cold Storage and Freezer Buildings KMM Standard roofing systems may be used in cold storage and freezer building applications; with or without a ventilated air space between the deck and the insulated refrigerated area. For specific recom mendations. consult your local Koppers representative. Materials Protection Although KMM membrane is waterproof in the roll, good practice dictates that it should be protected when stored outside by raised platforms and adequate cover. Urethane and Urethane Composite insulation boards over metal decks must be mechanically fastened with 5 approved fasteners per 3' x 4' board. Fasteners must be located at each corner and in the center of the board. For double layer applications, it is acceptable to fasten the first layer and solid mop the second layer in steep asphalt at the rate of 30 lbs. per square. Qn other, decks and other existing smooth surfaces, urethane and urethane composite boards may be mechanically fastened as stated above, or solid mopped in steep asphalt at the minimum rate of approximately 30 lbs. of asphalt but of sufficient quantity to insure total attachment Over these insulations a glass base sheet must be applied in a solid mopping of steep asphalt prior to the application of KMM Aluminum membrane. Consult your Koppers Representative for use ot other types of insulation. Waterstops (Temporary Protection) At the end of each day's work, waterstops must be installed to protect the insulation or substrate against water penetration. Waterstops consist of a single ply of KMM membrane (Standard or Aluminum Grade) extending a minimum of 6" beyond the terminal edge of the insulation. The leading edge of the membrane is then substrate-fused to the deck and top-sealed. Waterstops should <e continuous and tight. These temporary protective measures must be detached cleanly when work is resumed. KMM Membrane must be removed from the deck back to the top of the insulation. 24 Single-Ply Roofing Systems (Cont.) General Terminology and Reroofing Application Information KOPPERS 7 1/KOP Architectural and Construction Materials . .roofing Information Reroofing Design Considerations: During the reroof design and specification phase, and prior to commencement of roofing work, it is the responsibility of the building owner to have his architectural and/or structural consultant ascertain if the existing roof structure with the new roof installed will meet all local building codes, including structural limitations, if additional insulation is to be part of the reroof, an evaluation of the dew point location and its effect on the roofing system shall be determined by the owner. Note: Koppers will not be responsible for any damage caused by excess loads on structural systems or damage due to rate or change in location of dew point. Condition of Surface to Receive KMM Membrane a. Gravel Surfaced Roof*: Remove loose gravel, surface irregularities, and repair any existing blisters, buckles, etc. Apply a minimum V*" approved insulation, mechanically fastened or set in steep asphalt prior to application of KMM.Membrane. b. Smooth Surfaced Roofs: Remove or repair, as necessary, any blisters or other abnormality of the existing membrane to give a surface which is free of sharp edges prior to the application of KMM membrane. Repairs must made with layer of Standard KMM ibrane substrate-fused and top sealed at ti.e edges. Prior to applying KMM Adhesive for KMM Aluminum Membrane application, prime roof surface with High-Pen Primer 452 at the rate of approx, a gallon per 100 ft.*, allow to dry. c. Moisture In the Existing Roof: KMM Aluminum membrane (Specification No. 630) is always adhered to the substrate. It is not recommended for application directly over roofs which contain moisture. KMM Standard membrane (Specification Nos. 610. 620 and 690) is loosely laid and ballasted by an aggregate topping. This system will tolerate dampness in the substrate and, depending upon the existing situation, extra precautions may be required such as spot and perimeter venting. Note: For recommendations regarding specific precautions to be taken, see your local Koppers sales representative. KMM Terminology Heat fusion is a general term used to describe specific methods of adhesion of on* layer of KMM membrane to another surface. In the process of heat fusion, the bitumen of the membrane is heated fvith a direct flame until it is plastic enough to flow under pressure. When p'*ssure is immediately exerted to this tned bitumen, it fuses to the surface to .ch it is applied. Specific types of heat fusion are described below. It should be noted that the external plastic film present will break and draw apart with the proper application of the flame. Substrate fusion is the specific type of heat fusion used to secure the KMM membrane to a substrate. The underside of the KMM membrane is heated until plastic. The heated underside is then quickly pressed or forced against the substrate surface so that a slight "run-out" of bitumen from beneath the edge of the membren* is observed. A fused teal is to be obtained. Interply fusion is the specific type of heat fusion usad to obtain a waterproof seal between two overlapping sections of KMM membrane, in practice, the flam* is applied simultaneously to both surface* of KMM membrane until each becomes plastic. For KMM membrane end and side laps, heat the bottom of the overlapping section, and the upper surface of the lower sheet until it becomes plastic. The two surfaces are pressed together to form a fused lap or seam of at least 4" in width. A slight "run-out' of bitumen from the lap joint is to be obtained. Top ssallng is the specific type of heat fusion used to make the second seal at substratefused and interpiy-fused joints, n is appdcabl* only to KMM Standard membtane. Top sealing is accomplished by heating a T to 3" section at the edge of the top sheet until plastic. To develop a smooth, continuous filled joint move the softened bitumen from the top sheet over the joint and onto the overlapped membrane with a roundnosed trowel. Heat fusion equipment The recommended torch equipment for fusing KMM laps is the KMM Torch Tip attached to the Goss AP-6 or Ap-12 handle. A roundnosed KMM Trowel is recommended for substrate fusion, interply fusion and top sealing. KMM Aluminum Interply Fusion The watertight lap is obtained on Aluminum KMM membrane by the heat-fusion attachment of the upper sheet to the exposed 4" selvage edge of the lower sheet. Overlapping membmne must estand over the eetvage edge and approximately V onto Vie aluminum surface. During interply fusion of this lap. a bitumen bead shall be forced from between the mated edge*. A slight heating of the edge of the upper aluminum surface while pressing with a trowel will also be baneficial in obtaining a uniform waterproof bond. 25 Single-Ply Roofing Systems (Cont.) KMM Ballasted System No. 610 "'ituminous Aggregate Topping (BAT) System No. 620 Materials per 100 sq. ft. of roof KMM Membrane (Standard) 1 ply Stonemat or No. IS Non-Perforated Asphalt Felt 1 ply Surfacings Loose Aggregate 1.000 lbs. min. BAT System 650 lbs. min. Paver Stones 1,000 lbs. min. Slope Requirements 1" per foot maximum with loose aggregate topping, 1V4" per foot maximum with BAT topping, 1" per foot maximum with Paver Stones. 8. Any KMM Standard membrane which will not otherwise be covered by a topping shall be protected with a layer of Aluminum KMM membrane extending a minimum of 4" beyond the edges of the unprotected membrane and substrate-fused around its perimeter. Specific details of the installation must be agreed upon between the architect and Koppers prior to installation. 9. Install KMM Aluminum flashings in accordance with flashing specification descnbed on Pages 30 to 32. 10. At the end of each day's work, temporary waterstops must be installed to prevent water penetration. Waterstops must be completely removed before continuation of application. See Page 24. 11. The contractor shall thoroughly inspect completed KMM membrane at the end of each day's work as well as just before top sealing, and ballasting. 12. When the flashings have been completed, lay Stonemat to completely cover KMM that will receive loose aggregate or No. IS nonperforated asphalt felt when BAT is used. Install a loose aggregate over Stonemat or bituminous aggregate topping over No. 15 non-perforated asphalt felt. Refer to Page 27. 13. In accordance with good roofing practices, it is necessary to protect the roof membrane from damage by the trades and wind uplift A8 KMM Standard membrane shall be covered with Stonsmat and bailasted within 48 hours following Its installation. 14. For reroofing information, refer to Page 25. General Information General Requirements on Page 22 through 25 and Flashing Detail/Specifications on pages 30 through 32 are a part of this specification and must be adhered to where applicable. Prior to beginning installation of the KMM roofing system substrates shall be inspected by the roofing contractor for drynesa, smoothness, rigidity and freedom from debris. All projections and holes which might cause rupture of the membrane are to be repaired. Review "Deck Requirements', Page 22. Procedure 1. Pnor to starting the application of the roofing membrane, cushioning or stripping layers of Standard Grade KMM membrane shall be applied in areas of potentially high stress or sharp edges. These areas include intenor and extenor comers, major changes in directions of slope, metal flanges, etc. Cushioning layers shall be applied prior to the main KMM membrane system and shall be used in place, and then top-sealed to form a 100th transition surface. *. Prime new and existing metal, masonry walls and wood surfaces with High Pen Primer 452 at rate of VHV gal/square. Allow to dry pnor to fusion of KMM. 3. Coat fa^s of fiber cant strip with KMM Adhesive (approximately 2 gals/square) and allow to dry before fusing KMM roofing membrane to cant. 4. Determine the direction of water drainage and the low point of the deck. Beginning at the low point of the roof slope, install one ply of KMM Standard membrane. The direction of laps shall be such that the water flow is not against the laps. The direction of the overlap shall be changed as the direction of the water How changes. 5. Each sheet of KMM membrane shall be set in place for 30 minutes and shall be stretched to remove any wrinkles prior to fusion. Extend the KMM Standard roofing membrane a minimum of 4" above all cants. 6. All side and end laps shall be 4' and interpty-fused and top sealed. Pressure shall be applied with a steel roller (minimum 6 inches wide) immediately behind torch while bitumen is still molten. End laps of KMM Standard membrane shall be staggered a minimum of 6". Interply fusion of side lap shall be completed before fusing end lap of the same sheet 7. Extend the KMM Standard roofing membrane a minimum of 4' above all cants. Substrate-fuse to face of cant and wall, and top-seal along the upper terminal edge. When fusing KMM to wood or other materials that easily bum. apply torch to KMM only and press KMM into place. 26 Single-Ply Roofing Systems (Cont.) Loose Aggregate Topping and RAT Installation Information KOPPERS 7 1/KOP Architectural and Construction Materials uoose Aggregate Top Surfacing for System 610 A. Aggregate: Washed round river gravel graded to " nominal size (S.P. No. 57 -- U S. Department of Commerce Simplified Practice Recommendation R-163--). See "Aggregate Size Table" below. Where washed round river gravel is not available, aggregate samples must be submitted to Koppers Technical Department for approval. Slag fa not a permissible aggregate. B. Application 1. Stonemat must be installed prior to aggregate surfacing, overlapping 4" minimum at end and side laps. Stonemat must extend at least 2" beyond edge of aggregate at perimeter of roof but in no case should it extend beyond outside edge of gravel stop. Stonemat must completely cover KMM Standard. 2. Over the Stonemat, apply loose aggregate at the rate of 1000 lbs. min. per square. 3. Aggregate application by gravel buggy is recommended. Koppers Bituminous Aqgregate Topping (BAT) -- /p Surfacing for System 620 B. General Application Instruction* Preparation: 1. BAT is applied when the KMM roofing and flashing applications are complete. First application of stone must be applied within 48 hours of membrane application. 2. Roof surface must be free of ponded water. 3. Lay No. IS non-perforated asphalt felt loosely over KMM Membrane prior to BAT topping, overlapping 4" minimum at end and side laps. Application of BAT Topping: BAT is applied in three steps resulting in a protective topping weighing 650-700 pounds per square. The steps are as follows: t. Gravel aggregate is applied at the rate of 450-475 lbs. per 100 sq. ft. on the No. 15 felt. Aggregate application by gravel buggy is recommended. 2. KMM Aggregate Binder should be stirred thoroughly until the material is of uniform consistency. KMM Aggregate Binder is sprayed on the aggregate at the rate of approximately 3 gallons per 100 sq. ft. using suitable spray equipment. Keep KMM Aggregate Binder at room temperature prior to pumping during cold weather. 3. An additional layer of aggregate is then applied over the binder at the rate of 200-225 lbs. per 100 sq. ft. to achieve a finished surface. Aggregate application by gravel buggy is recommended. Heavy accumulations of aggregate should be evenly distributed. Aggregate should be applied immediately after applying KMM Aggregate Binder. Paver Stones Paver stones are acceptable ballast as long as minimum weight is 1000 lbs. per square. A. Application 1. Pavers must be set on pedestals such as Terring Rings. Pavers must fit snugly against spacers. 2. As an alternative to above-mentioned pedestals pavers may be set on 6" squares of %" thick traffic pad such as Careytred. Corners of pavers must be centered on 6" squares allowing an approximate %" gap between pavers. B. Maintenance: Regular inspections (twice annually) must be made to ascertain that pavers and pedestals remain intact. Deteriorated and broken pavers and pedestals must be replaced to prevent damage to the KMM membrane. If deteriorated or broken pavers and/or pedestals are discovered, inspect KMM for damage. BAT topping consists of graded gravel and KMM Aggregate Binder. The BAT is applied to the roof as topping atthe rate of 650' to 700 lbs. per square (approximately V< to 1" thickness). A. Material* KMM Aggregate Binder was formulated for binding the specified aggregate applied over KMM Standard roof systems to protect the KMM membrane. KMM Aggregate Binder is not intended for use as an adhesive or repair material. Binder should be kept in warm storage during cold weather. Aggregate: The gravel aggregate is to be clean and size graded to nominal H" round gravel. (This is equivalent to S.P. No. 8 -- U.S. Department of Commerce Simplified Practice Recommendation R-163.) Aggregate Size Table Grading Requirements for Coarse Aggregates from ASTM Standard C 33 -- Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregate Use Size *8 in making Bituminous Aggregate Topping (BAT). Use Size 457 for Loose Aggregate Topping. Size umber 57 8 Nominal Size (Sieve* with Square Opentnos) 1 in. to No. 4 (25.0 to 4.75 mm) H in. to No. 8 (9.5 to 2.36 mm) 1'Aln. (373 mm) Amounts Finer than Each Laboratory Sieve (Square Opening*). Weight Percent 1 In. (253 mm) % in. (193 mm) Vi in. (123 mm) (-5 mm) No. 4 (4.7S mm) No. S (2JS mm) No. It (1.1S mm) 100 95 to 100 25 to 60 Oto 10 Oto 5 _ _ 100 85 to 100 10 to 30 Oto 10 0 to 5 27 |! Single-Ply Roofing Systems (Cont.) KMM Aluminum Adhesive Bonded System No. 630 Hot Mopped System No. 630-in 2. Subsequent courses are to be laid with 4" end and 4Vi`` side laps, from the first course progressing to the high point. Allow laps to remain open as long as possible before fusing. Side laps shall be mterply fused pnor to interply fusing of the end lap of the same sheet. Pressure shall be applied on the top of the lap to insure solid contact. Overlap of side laps'must extend Vi" onto aluminum surface. 3. End lape of KMM Aluminum membrane shad be staggered a minimum of 6". Interply fusion of aide lap shall be completed before fusing end lap of the same sheet. 4. Leave laps Of KMM Aluminum membrane open and delay fusion as long as possible. Be certain that all laps are fused before leaving job for the day. Materials per 100 sq. It. of roof KMM Adhesive (630) KMM Membrane (Aluminum) Steep Asphalt Type III (630-XQ) Slope Requirements '/*" per foot with positive drainage. Koppers will not be responsible for damage caused by ponding water. General Information General Requirements of Pages 22 through 25 Flashing Detail/Specifications on Pages 30 to 32 are a part of this specification and must be adhered to where applicable. vertical surfaces. Lape shall be 4" at side and end laps. KMM Standard shaf-be interpty fused and top sealed.. 5. Determine the direction of water drainage and the low point of the deck. rior to beginning installation of the KMM roofing system, substrates shall be inspected by the roofing contractor for dryness, smoothness, rigidity and freedom Irom debris. All projections and holes which might cause rupture of the membrane are to be repaired. Review deck requirements Page 22. Beginning at the low point of the roof slope, install one ply of KMM Aluminum membrane. The selvage edge of the Aluminum KMM membrane shall be positioned on the high aide so that the direction of the flow of water is not against the lape. Procedure 1, Prior to starting the application of the roofing membrane, cushioning or stripping layers of Standard Grade KMM membrane shall be applied in areas of potentially high stress or sharp edges. These areas include interior and extenor comers, major changes in directions of slope, metal flanges, etc. Cushioning layers shall be applied poor to the main KMM membrane system and shall be fused in place and top-seeled toform a smooth transition surface. 2. Prime new and existing metal, masonry walls and wood surfaces with High Pen Primer 452 at rate of gal/square. Allow to dry prior to fusion of KMM. 3. Coat face of fiber cant strips with-KMM Adhesive (approximately 2 gals/square) and allow to dry before fusing KMM roofing membrane to cant. installation fa. {No. 830) Set the KMM Aluminum Membrane into a full bed of KMM Adhesive, applied at the rate of 1-1 Vi gals/square. (See Adhesive Alerts) While adhesive is still wet, use linoleum roller thoroughly, rotting from center to edges of membrane to obtain total adhesion, and to remove all entrapped airfrom under membrane. On steep sloped surfaces use of a stiff broom is also acceptable. 1b. (Na 030-BD. Set the KMM Aluminum membrane into a solid mopping of steep Asphalt Type III at the rate of 1S-23*/square. and immediately broom into the Sfbep asphalt Leave top of sheet including selvage, and termination areas free of asphalt to allow tor interpty and substrate fusion. **-' 5. Extend the KMM Aluminum roofing membrane a minimum of 4" above all cants. Substrate fuse to face of cant and wall. When fusing KMM-'to wood or other materials that bum easily, apply torchtoKMM only and press KMM into piece. 8. Install KMM Aluminum Flashings in accordance with flashing specifications described on Pages 30 to 32. - 7. At the end Of.each day's work, temporary waterstopemust be installed to protect from water penetration. Waterstops must be completely removed before continuation of application. See Page 24. t. The contractor shall thoroughly inspect the completed KMM membrane at the end of each day's work and when the job is finished, t. After completion of the Aluminum KMM roof and flashing system, a high quality ``chrome'' paint may be applied to any exposed streaks or seams of bitumen. 10. For reroofing information, refer to Page 25. Adhesive Alert* Adhesive should be stored at room temperature to facilitate application. Do not apply to frosty or moist surfaces. KMM Adhesive can be applied by brush, roller, or squeegee. Do not totn adhesive. Mix thoroughly. ; Adhesive application to porous surfaces wilt require approximately 50% more than specified amounfcgf adhesive. 4. Valleys of roofs sloped 1" per foot or more shall be protected as follows: a. (No. 630) -- A layer of KMM Standard hall be set in KMM Adhesive 1 'A-2 gals/square nd top sealed. b. (No. 630-10) -- A layer of Glass Base Sheet shall be solid mopped in steep Asphalt Type III at 18-23/square. KMM Standard and/or Base Sheet shall extend a minimum ol 12" up the roof slope and 6" up 28 I * * Single-Ply Roofing Systems (Cont.) KMM* Insulated Roof Membrane Assembly System No. 690 B. Wood and wood fiber decks shall have a base sheet laid over deck unattached to the deck. C. Steel Decks shall be no lighter than 22 gauge. Install a rigid board of W mm. gypsum or y<" min. mineral board. Be certain thickness of insulation board is adequate for flute span. V gypsum board shall be firmly attached to deck with steep asphalt at the rate of 15 lbs. per square, or mechanical fasteners approved by Koppers. Minimum of four fasteners per board is required and shall be located at the corners. 12~ from the edges. Rigid board Y<" or thicker. shall be attached with steep asphalt, or two approved fastaners per board. 2. KMM* Standard Membrane Application KMM* Standard Membrane shall be applied as per KMM Roofing System Specification No.Ot0 . Flashing shall be in accordance with appropriate KMM Flashing Specification. 3. insMaVon of Styrofoam RM* Brand Ptaeie Foam It is recommended that STYROFOAM RM brand plastic foam be placed on the membrane as the membrane is completed. Materials per 100 sq. ft. of roof KMM Standard Styrofoam RM* Stonemat Aggregate 1 ply Desired Thickness 1 ply 1000 lbs. minimum Slope Requirements 1" Maximum Positive drainage is required. General Information General Requirements on Pages 22 to 25 are a part of this specification and must be adhered to where applicable. Roofs must be designed and constructed to drain completely free of water within 48 hours following a rain. Due to the deflection of steel decks, it is almost always necessary to provide slopes to properly placed drains. Prior to beginning installation of the KMM roofing system substrates shall be inspected by the roofing contractor for dryness, smoothness, rigidity and freedom from debris. All protections and holes which might cause rupture of the membrane are to be repaired. Review Page 22. (Thermal value of STYROFOAM brand plastic foam insulation.) Average values based on five year aging of one inch samples at 7? F when tested by ASTM C177 and/or CS18. 'Trademark of the Dow Cfmnieal Company. Thickness 1 1% 1% 1% 2 2'h 3 3V4 "R* 5.00 6.25 7.50 8.75 10.00 12.50 15.00 17.50 *C* 0.20 0.16 0.133 0.114 0.10 0.06 0.067 0.057 The drain must be set directly on the deck so that the clamping nng is not higher than the rigid'board. Sumps are recommended. All flashing must be completed in each area prior to installing STYROFOAM RM. Because the stone is not applied in bitumen it need not be dry and installation can occur in any weather. The wood or plywood deck must be properly attached to supporting members and must be of sufficient thickness to prevent excessive deflection between supporting 'Thembers. Wood roof decks shall consist - of wellseesoned lumber, and edges of the board shall be tongued and grooved, ship-lapped or splined to prevent differential flexing of the boards. Any significant voids shall be covered with sheet metal. Note: The following general specification is intended only as a guide. For more specific information, consult your Koppers representative. exposed STYROFOAM RM is subject to yellowing due to direct radiation of sunlight. If STYROFOAM RM is exposed for longer than 3 weeks it is necessary for a Koppers representative Jo authorize continuing the installation. Procedure 1. Decks A. Poured and precast concrete, gypsum and lightweight concrete decks shall have KMM Standard Membrane laid directly on the deck following guidelines on pages 22 and 23. Install the board* CHANNELED SIDE DOWN with closed joints: stagger end joints. The maximum acceptable opening on a random basis is W. Install the foam to within '//' to V of projection and cant strips. 4. Aggregate Surfacing After placement of STYROFOAM RM, install Stonemat over insulation overlapping 12* and immediately place aggregate over Stonemat. At roof perimeter. Stonemat shall extend a minimum of 2"-3" beyond edge of foam. An additional 4" piece of fabric is required around projections. Full widths of Stonemat should always be used. Aggregate shall comply with ASTM C-33 Size Number 57 or V>" crushed stone. Apply the aggregate at the rate of 1000 lbs. per square (10 PSF). As a general rule. %" stone at 1000 lb*, per square will be approximately 1V4" thick. Place 2000 Ibs/square of ballast or 17 Ibs/ft* paved around perimeter, drains, and large penetrations. Concrete pavers may be substituted for the stone to provide added usefulness to the roof area and to provide resistance to extreme winds. Pavers must sit on pedestals. Decorative stone top sufacing of the correct gradation can be used for architectural impact WARNINQ: STYROFOAM brand insulation is combustible and may constitute a fir* hazard if improperly used or installed. It should be adequately protected. Use only as directed by the specific instructions for this product. STYROFOAM brand insulation contains a flam* retardant additive to inhibit accidental ignition from small Ik* sources. During shipping, storage, installation and use, this material should not be exposed to open flames or other ignition sources. For proper protection of STYROFOAM brand plastic foam in storage, consult the National Fir* Protection Association (NFPA) standard* or the authority having jurisdiction. 29 Singie-Ply Roofing Systems (Cont.) KMM Flashing Systems ascription Flashings are the terminal elosuresofa roofing system which perform a waterproofing function. Flashings must be installed at ail intersections formed by vertical surfaces to prevent wafer from entenng the roof system. Koppers flashings are an integral part of a Koppers roof. Designed for flexibility. KMM Aluminum flashings will provide many years of service. Flashings must be installed as roofing progresses to prevent possible water damage to insulation and/or deck under the roofing. General Requirements 2. if guaranteed flashing is required, it must be installed in conjunction with a Koppers guaranteed roof and can be guaranteed for standard penods up to but not greater than the penod for which the roofing is guaranteed. To be guaranteed, flashings must be set at least 12" above the roofing surface. 3. Metal Cap flashings are not guaranteeable and are not included under any flashing guarantee. 4. Metal work of any description used as flashing or a part of a flashing system is not guaranteeable and is not included under any flashing guarantee. 1. All surfaces must be dry. frost free, 5. Vertical flashing that terminates without reasonably smooth, clean, rigid and free from use of metal counterflashing, must be stripped debris, loose materials, protections, holes, with 8" wide KMM Aluminum Membrane release agents or other contaminants which totally fused 4" onto the wall and 4" onto the might cause rupture of the membrane and/or KMM Aluminum Membrane. adversely affect the KMM membrane application and performance. Dust shall be 6. Cant strips shall be set firmly into place with removed from the surface immediately before mastic or hot bitumen prior to laying roof application of the KMM Flashing system. membrane. 7. Porous walls including wood must be primed with High Pen Primer 452 at a rate of V V. gal.square. Allow primer to dry. (Minimum 4 hours). 8. Comers shall be lapped a minimum of 6" in each direction. 9. All metal and wood to which KMM membrane will be fused shall be coated with High Pen Primer 452 or KMM Adhesive and .Allowed to dry before fusion of KMM membrane. 10. Where KMM flashing is to be installed on a building with a non-wall-supported deck (tilt slab precast masonry, curtain wall, etc.) refer to Non-Wall Support flashing detail on page 32. 11. Copper must not come in direct contact with the aluminum surface of KMM. When there is a possibility of such contact, coat the underside of the copper with Koppers Asphalt Roofing Coating 454 or KMM Adhesive. Flashing System No. 710 Base Flashing For flashing with maximum height of 14" from roof surface pplication Detail Procedure 1. KMM Aluminum membrane shall be unrolled and cut to desired width and maximum length of 11 feet Note; KMM Aluminum membrane is available in precut rolls 9", 12" and 18" wide by 33' long. n No. 710 Base Flashing shall be fused in ice so that it extends a minimum 4" onto .jrface of roof and a minimum of 4" above termination of roofing membrane on wall. 3. Apply pressure to KMM Aluminum membrane to obtain maximum contact to surface to which it is applied. There shall be no voids under the Base Flashing membrane. It is imperative that complete attachment be 7. The contractor shall thoroughly inspect the obtained to roof surface, roofing membrane completed flashing system at the end of each over cant and the wail. A small bead of day's work. bitumen should be squeezed out at edges. 4. Subsequent stripeof Base Flashing shall be fused in piece in the same faahion overlapping preceding strip 4". Overlap shall be intwpty B. A high quality "chrome" paint may be SPpUed to any expoead streaks or seams of bitumen. fused to preceding strip. Pressure shall be t. Install metal countarflaahings asjrequired. applied to surface of lap to insure adhesion. 5. There shall be no adhesive used in No. 710 10. CompMatha lop surtadng of the roofing membrane to the base of the cant strip as may Base Flashing application. be specified. S. The flashing must not remain open at the end of the work day. 30 Single-Ply Roofing Systems (Cont.) Flashing System No. 720 Wail Flashing For Flashing with maximum height of 28" from surface of roof Procedure 1. Apply Base Flashing in accordance with Note: KMM Aluminum membrane is available Flashing Specification No. 710. in precut rolls of 9", 12" and 18" wide by 33' Z KMM Aluminum membrane used in No. 720 long. Wall Flashing specification shall be unrolled 3. KMM Aluminum membrane strips shall be and cut to a maximum length of 6'-6" and fused into place, overlapping Base Flashing maximum width of 18 inches. Selvage edge 4". Total substrate fusion to the wall must be should not be used. achieved. 4. Apply pressure to the fused KMM Aluminum membrane to obtain maximum contact to the wall. There shall be no voids under the Wall Flashing membrane. It is imperative that the membrane is completely and tightly fused to the wall. A small bead of bitumen should be squeezed out at edges. 5. A 4" overlap shall be mterply fused to the Base Flashing, applying pressure to the surface of the lap to insure adhesion. 6. Subsequent strips of KMM Aluminum membrane shall be fused into place overlapping the preceding Wall Flashing 4". Overlap shall be mterply fused and pressure applied to the surface of the lap to insure adhesion. 7. The contractor shall thoroughly inspect the complete flashing system at the end of each day's work. 8. A high quality "chrome" paint may be applied to any exposed streaks or seems of bitumen. 9. Install metal counterflashing as required. 10. Complete the top surfacing of the roofing membrane to the base of the cant strip as may be specified. Flashing System No. 730 High Wall Flashing For flashing with a height in excess of 28" from surface of roof Procedure 1 'oply Base Flashing in accordance witn mg Specification No. 710. Z KMM Aluminum membrane used lor High Wall Flashing shall be unrolled and cut into lengths not exceeding 48". Remove the selvage edge, Ipavinga maximum width of 39". 3. Totally substrate fuse KMM Aluminum Membrane to the wall in pieces not to exceed 39" wide by 48" high with 4" overlaps on base flashing and previously applied pieces. 4. Each piece of KMM Aluminum membrane shall be applied with the 48" maximum length extending vertically up the wall. It shall overlap the previously applied course of Base Flashing or High Wall Flashing a minimum of 4". 5. Rub, brush or roll thoroughly to obtain proper adhesion and to remove all entrapped air from under the flashing membrane. 8. The contractor shall thoroughly inspect the completed flashing system at the end of each day's work. 7. A high quality "chrome" paint may be applied to any exposed streaks or seams of bitumen. 8. Install metal counterflashing as required. 9. Complete the top surfacing of the roofing membrane to the base of the cant atrip as may be specified. 31 Single-Ply Roofing Systems (Cont.) Flashing System No. 760 Horizontal Flashing Procedure 1. All metal to be covered with KMM Membrane shall be coated with High Pen Primer 452 or KMM Adhesive. Allow to dry thoroughly. 2. Strip metal flanges using 4" minimum widths of KMM Standard membrane as a cushioning strip centered along the length of the entire edge of the flange. The cushioning must cover the edge of the metal where it meets the roofing membrane a minimum of 2" and must cover all nail heads. The balance of the width of the cushioning strip must extend a minimum of 2" onto the roofing membrane. Cushioning stnp shall be fused to the roofing membrane and the metal flange and top sealed at edges. 3. Fuse a strip of KMM Aluminum membrane (approximately 10" wide) to the cushioning strip, roofing membrane, and metal flange so that it extends 4" beyond edge of cushioning strip onto roof membrane and to the outer edge of metal flange. 4. Apply pressure to surface of fused KMM membrane to insure adhesion and solid fusion. 5. Apply surfacing to roof membrane as may be required. Hanging Gutter Refer to Specification No. 760 KMM Aluminum Mtmtxine KMM Standard Mtmbrana kmm Asonatt Standard Root mastic Cushioning Subttrata-fusad Hatch--Curb--Expansion Joint Topping as Required 30" O.C Suhitne lured Subesatt-fuMd KMM Alummum Membrane imerpty-fuMd KMM Sanded Menbrene SuPRrea-fuHd Inarply lured Non-Wall Support Flashing Reggie to be Seeled MetaJReglet ineerttar removable counterfleehing FteMMn epprox. 24" O.C. Roof Drain Interply-futed Cushion Stnp Leed fleshing set In mesne KMM Membrane MM- Traatad wood natter (Fastan to dacfc only) Nota: Suggaatad datati whara posubtaty xts that dWarantoal movamaoi will occur batwaan dacfc and vanteal aurtaee. Thia datatltemttndadtsagmdaonty. _____ . 32 / Note: Do not apply flame directly to leed flsahing Koppers Waterproofing and Dampproofing Systems KOPPERS 7 1/KOP Architectural and Construction Materials OP DESIGN ASSISTANCE... S. the majority ol projects present such a wide variety of conditions, the specifier must take precautions in the preparation of waterproofing specifications and related details to maximize the possibilities of a permanently watertight application. Koppers has had many years expenence in the waterproofing field and offers the specifier design assistance in achieving the best possible waterproofing systems. Coal tar membrane waterproofing systems The function of waterproofing and dampproofing is to prevent the entry or passage of water through masonry or concrete structures. The most important property that must be possessed by any waterproofing or dampproofing material is its ability to resist prolonged contact with water. Because of coal tar's natural resistance to moisture, bacteria and acid, it has proven to be the most effective hot applied waterproofing system available today. KMM membrane waterproofing systems Koppers KMM Membrane is a cold applied, prefabricated waterproofing sheet designed f 'xceptional waterproofing protection. a cold applied sheet membrane is desired, ease of application, dependability, and economy make KMM the system you can rely on for your most critical waterproofing requirements. Cold-applied mastic and liquid waterproofing and dampproofing systems Many projects require the advantages of cold applied liquid or mastic moistureproofing matenals. Koppers manufactures a wide variety of quality dampproofing compounds. Applied by themselves or in combination with reinforcing fabrics, Koppers dampproofing products will assure you of dependable moisture protection. 33 Waterproofing and Dampproofing Systems (Cont.) Coal tar plaza deck and wail waterproofing systems "tmbrane Waterproofing .Isrials a. Coal Tar Waterproofing Bitumen A.S.T.M. D-450 Type III. b. Membrane (Select one or combination). GLASFAB -- A.S.T.M. D-1668. Tar Saturated Cotton Fabric -- A.S.T.M. F-173 Tarred felt - A.S.T.M. D-227. e. Concrete Priming Oil -- A.S.T.M. D-43-41. General Requirement* a. Preparation of surfaces: Surfaces to be waterproofed shall be reasonably smooth and free from holes or projections which might cause puncture of the membrane. The surface shall be dry and thoroughly cleaned to remove dust and loose materials immediately before application of the waterproofing. Do not apply waterproofing where effects of freezing or moisture will adversely affect the waterproofing application. b. Applicator: All membrane waterproofing shall be applied by an expenenced roofing and waterproofing contractor. * Application Precautions a. Waterproofing bitumen shall not be heated above 425" F. b. Roll or press firmly all plies of membrane into the hot bitumen and apply without wrinkles, buckles or kinks. - On vertical walls apply hot bitumen with on roller mops or by other suitable implication techniques. d. Apply membranes on vertical surfaces in courses not exceeding ten feet in length where immediate and careful backfilling is not possible. After each course of the waterproofing system is completed and before the top mopping is applied, nail each course at the upper edge before the next course is applied. Nail each succeeding course end lapping not less than 10 inches. e. Reinforce wall angles, corners or any place the waterproofing membrane course may be subject to unusual stresses with not less than 2 additional plies of fabric or GLASFAB reinforcement and moppings of bitumen. I. insulate and protect all hot wstar and steam pipes which project through or are near the surfaces to be waterproofed. Take the necessary precautions to prevent water from getting between the waterproofing and the waterproofed surface at all points where the membrane is penetrated by drains, pipes, etc. Apply extra plies of reinforcing membrane and bitumen moppings in these areas. g. Carefully examine laps which have been exposed for any length of time, such as at the junction of a vertical wall and a slab, for defects and insufficient lap areas and repair as necessary before proceeding with further application. h. Apply all membrane waterproofing systems in a workmanlike manner and use wood nailers treated with a water-borne preservative for all vertical wall waterproofing. I. Protect the membrane from damage by other trades after installation to maintain the integrity of the waterproofing throughout the structure. (, Ventilation should be provided in enclosed spaces during application. 1. If deck is sloped to interior drains, specify Waterproofing Bitumen conforming to ASTM Specification D-450 Type III. 2. Before the pouring or placing of pedestals supporting precast finish slabs, additional reinforcement shall be installed under each pedestal over existing membrane. X Extreme care should be taken to protect the finished waterproofing from damage by other trades during construction of towers, etc. Place a protective course over the finished membrane until the wearing surface is placed. 4. On precast concrete systems all joints should be grouted with flashing cement and stripped with a reinforcement fabric. Horizontal waterproofing applications: 1. Beginning at the low point of the slab mop the surface with hot Koppers Waterproofing Bitumen and immediately apply the reinforcing membrane over the entire area. 2. Be sure that each ply is solidly mopped and adhered. 3. For the various waterproofing systems lap the reinforcing plies as follows: (a) Two Pty System -- lap 19 inches, (b) Three Pty System -- lap 24-2/3 inches, (c) Four Ply System -- lap 27V4 inches. 4. Mop the entire top surface with Koppers Waterproofing Bitumen. The completed waterproofing forms a firmly bonded system and the reinforcement shsll not be exposed at any place. 5. As soon as any portion of the waterproofing has been completed, cover it with the protection course specified, such as brick, tile, concrete, rigid insulation or other specified material. Plaza deck waterproofing applications: When membrane waterproofing is used in plaza construction with interior drains and the finish slab does not rest immediately on the waterproofing, but on concrete pedestals, the following additional precautions shall be taken: Below grade wall waterproofing application: 1. Apply a uniform brush coat of Koppers Concrete Priming Oil over the entire surface to be waterproofed (approximately 1 gallon (or each 100 square feet). 2. Mop wall completely with Koppers Waterproofing Bitumen. X Starting at the most practical place, install the desired number of plies lapping them as follows: (a) Four Ply -- lap 27V4". (b) Three Ply -- lap 24-2/3 inches, (c) Two Ply -- lap 19 inch*, (d) When more than 4 plies are used in a membrane, it is recommended that they be installed In at least two operations, i.e., 2 plies over three, 3 plies over three, etc. maintaining the shingle fashion method in each operation. 4. Nail membrane with concrete nails 8 inches on camera through flat tin discs at the end lap horizontally acroaa the membrane. If wood nailers are installed, nail membrane to nailer with 1 Vi Inch roofing nails through flat tin discs 8 inches on canters. X Mop the entire surface with Koppers Waterproofing Bitumen. The completed waterproofing forms a firmly bonded system and the reinforcement shall not be exposed at any place. X As soon as any portion of the waterproofing has been completed, cover it with a protection course and backfill. Typical Subgrade Waterproofing Application Interior Floor Slab Protection .Course 34 KMM Membrane Waterproofing Systems Materials and stem Discussion KMM waterproofing specifications are categorized as vertical and honzontal to differentiate between slight differences in application procedures dictated by the orientation of the surface to be waterproofed. The vertical specification is written for foundation wall waterproofing, but may be modified for other vertical or steep surfaces to be waterproofed. The horizontal specification is written for split-slab or plaza deck applications but can also be modified for other low slope or flat surfaces. Consult your local Koppers sales representative for assistance with these modifications. Vertical KMM Waterproofing System No. 640 General Requirements 1. Surface to which KMM or KMM Adhesive is to be applied must be free of all dirt, debris, release agents, oils, or other contaminants that would impair the proper application and performance of KMM. Cracks or other deficiencies must be corrected before starting application. 2. All surfaces that receive KMM adhesive and/or substrate fusion must be primed with Koppers High-Pen Primer 452 at the rate of V4- gallon per 100 square feet. Primer must be allowed to dry completely before proceeding. 3. Inside and outside corners must have a double thickness of KMM. This can be tmplished by t) installing cushion strips of 4 that extend at least 4" in each direction from the comer, or 2) lapping each course of KMM around comer 4" in each direction. 4. Courses may be run horizontally or vertically; however, the top edge of each course must be substrate fused 4" onto the wall. 5. All exposed edges must be top sealed prior to leaving the job overnight. 6. Protection board must be placed as soon as possible to protect KMM membrane. 7. Horizontal waterproofing system must begin at the low point in the deck and layed up the slope. 8. KMM membrane applied vertically in lengths exceeding 6'-6" may be difficult to hold in place. It is for the discretion of the applicator to determine the appropriate length for his particular application The general requirements and appcatton procedures on title page are part el Me specification and must be adhered to where applicable. Procedures 1. If cushioning strips are used they must be applied prior to the installation of the KMM waterproofing membrane. 2. Apply adhesive at the rate of 2 to 3 gal. per square after primer has dried. - 'BJ5-.1 3. Starting at the low point, set theDret course of KMM Standard membrane into a full bed of KMM Adhesive while the adhesive is still slightly wet. Rub and/or brush thoroughly to remove all entrapped air from under the membrane. End and side laps shall be 4". All end and side laps shall be interpty-fused and top eealad. Bottom of first course shall be substrate fused 4". 4. Substrate-fuse the KMM membrane at all projection. 5. Subsequent sheets shall be set in a full bed at adhesive, from the first course to the high point of the area to be waterproofed. Each course shall end tap the lower course 4" and side laps shall be 4". -The top ends of each sheet of KMM membrane shall be substratefused and top-seeled. (. The contractor shall thoroughly inspect the completed KMM membrane at the end of each day's work as welt as before the backfilling phase. 7. To eliminate potential abrasions, breaks and punctures, it is strongly recommended that the completed KMM waterproofing system be completely covered immediately, with a %" minimum thickness protective board. It should then be permanently backfilled, tamping the backfill as required. Protective board can be installed in KMM Adhesive 8. Any KMM watarproo^gtemembrane left exposed after backfilling shall be protected with KMM Aluminum membrane or other suitable sunlight-protective materials. 8. When any portion of themembrane is to be permanently exposed, it must maoveted with KMM Aluminum Flashing, Specification No. 710 for protection. Description Koppers Vertical Waterproofing Specification No. 640 consists of KMM Standard membrane applied to a vertical surface in a full bed of KMM Adhesive. The KMM membrane forms a waterproof system through the use of joint heat fusion, a unique process whereby all contiguous joints are affixed together to develop a monolithic waterproof membrane. In addition, the entire system is completely 'red to the vertical surface to eliminate any > which might permit collection of water between the surface and membrane. This system is applicable for use with any vertical structural surface which providee continuous support for the KMM membrane. 35 Horizontal KMM Waterproofing System No. 650 OvtrlftO >4nnO'IOroO*r-'MutW4d High*#* Primer 4$J Description Koppers Horizontal Waterproofing Specification No. 650 consists of KMM Standard membrane applied to a plaza deck or horizontal surface in a full bed of KMM Adhesive. The KMM membrane forms a waterproof system through the use of joint heat fusion, a unique process whereby all contiguous joints are affixed together to develop a monolithic waterproof membrane. This system is applicable over any structural deck and/or approved rigid board insulation where the substrate provides continuous `pport for the KMM membrane. It Is ideally ted for application directly to poured .iructural concrete decks. Slope Applicable for deck slopes of 0" to 4" per foot. When slope exceeds 4" per foot see Specification No. 640 on Page 35. General Requirements The general requirements and application procedures on the preceding page are part of this specification and must be adhered to where applicable. Procedures 1. If cushioning strips are used, they must be applied prior to the installation of the KMM waterproofing membrane. 2. Apply adhesive at the rate of 2 to 3 gal. per square after primer has dned. 6. Extend the KMM waterproofing membrane, as flashing, up vertical surfaces to a height above the water level expected at the wearing slab. The top of the KMM membrane shall be substrate-fused and top-sealed to the wall. All side laps shall be interply-fused and topsealed. When vertical waterproofing is required, continue the upturn a minimum of 6" above the height of the wearing surface and substrate-fuse to the wall. Vertical waterproofing membrane shall overlap upturn 4''. 7. The contractor shall thoroughly inspect completed KMM membrane at the end of each day's worit as well es before application of protective boerd. tr Proceed with application of the remaining phase of the horizontal system. Care must be taken to eliminate any puncture or damage of the KMMWaterproofing membrane system by other trades. 3. Starting at theJow point of the deck, set the 9. It is required that a suitable protective layer first course of KMM Standard membrane into a be placed over the entbw membrane on both full bed of KMM Adhesive while the adhesive is horizontal-and vertical surfaces, to- provide still slightly wet Rub and/or brush thoroughly puncture resistance during construction and to obtain proper adhesion and to remove ail during ,placement of the wearing.surface as entrapped air from under the membrane. End soon ae possible. and side laps shall be 4-All end and sidelaps 1tL ^ portion oHhe membrane is to shall be mterpty-fused and top-espied. . ..be permanently exposed.* must be covered 4. Substrate-fuse the KMM mertibrane at all with KMM:Aluminum Flashing, Specification projections. - *710 for protection. 5. Subsequent sheets shall be set in a fuB bed* of adhesive, from the first course to the high point of the area to be waterproofed. Side laps and end laps shall be 4". . * Liquid and Mastic Applied Waterproofing and Dampproofing Systems Hydroshield Mastic 451 AHweather cold process mastic membrane systedr Hydroshield Mastic 451 is a solvent besed asphalt mastic which is unaffected by immersion in water either before or after curing. It will adhere tightly to damp or even wet surfaces. Hydroshield is not damaged by soil alkilimty, acidity or minerals. This unique mastic may be applied under an extreme range of weather and temperature conditions. Application Gulds I fydroshleld Mastic for Dempprooflng. When applied to maaonry or concrete construction, Hydroshield Mastic serves as an effective dampproofing barrier to prevent the entrance of moisture by capillarity. Usually only one coat is necsssary for dampproofing. Hydroshield Mastic goes on cold and may be applied to a wet or dry surface. HvdrochMd MmUc tar Wrtjfnmnftnn When a permanent vapor barrier to prevent the entrance of water under a head of pressure is required. Hydroshield Mastic, combined with Koppers Heavy Duty Glass Fiber Mesh, produces a tough, durable waterproofing membrane that cannot rot or detenorate at sub-grade levels. For details of waterproofing applications, consult your Koppers representative. Dampproofing Waterproofing 452 Primer Per 100 fL> (When Needed) v. to Vi gat. 'A to Vi gal. HydrosNtkl Fktl Cod Per 100 ft* 2 gal. 5 gal. Koppm HMvy Duty QIms None 1 or more plies HydroehMd Top Coat Per 100 ft1 None 3 gal. Liquid Asphalt 480 A cold applied asphalt emulsion dampproofing. Liquid Asphalt 460 is a filled, cold-applied, high-quality asphalt emulsion containing Bentonite clay. en applied to masonry or concrete construction. Liquid Asphalt 460 serves as an effective dampproofing barrier to help prevent the entrance ot moisture by capillarity. Usually two coats are necessary for dampproofing. Liquid Asphalt 480 goes on cold and may be applied to a wet or dry surface. For detailed specifications consult your Koppers representative. Application Guide Dampproofing 452 Primer Per 100 ft* Vi to Vi gal. Uoutd AsphaN 400 Par 100 fL (2 coala) 3 gal. 36 ROOF INSULATION EXELTHERM XTRA* Insulation The thermally efficent roof insulation with fire resistant properties yieneral Description Exeltherm xtra Roof insulation is a closed cell thermoset phenolic base foam. Compared to other type foams used in the construction of roofing systems. Exeltherm Xtra demonstrates supenor physical characteristics, exceptional fire resistance with minimal smoke development , The following information is provided to specifiers and purchasers in order to assist them in utilizing this product in a proven and recommended manner. If additional information is required or special assistance is necessary, contact the Koppers regional office closeet to you. Their locations are listed on the back page of this manual. Typical Physical Properties Compressive strength 10% consolidation, psi Water vapor permeability, perm inches Dimensional stability (7 days 158* F/95H R.H.). % Thermal conductivity (k-value) Water absorption, increase by volume (two-hour immersion), % Density lb/ft.5 (nominal) Coefficient of linear thermal expansion, per *F Fire resistance (3" thickness bare foam) Flame spread -f Smoke development 25 8.19 <1.0 (length) <1.0 (width) < 1.0 (thickness) 0.1* 1.8 . *2.4 min.- 13 x 19-* 'i. . 20-25 5-15 Teat Method ASTM D 1621 ASTM C 355 ASTM D 2128-75 ASTM C 518 ASTM C 272 - ASTM D 22 ASTM 0 696 ASTM E 84 The physical properties listed above are subject to normal manufacturing variations, notice. All information can be confirmed by presented as typical average values as This data is offered as a service to our contacting the Koppers RegionaiSales Office.. determined by accepted test methods and are customers and are subject to change without near you. Thermal Performance One of the most important features of any insulation product is its ability to retain its thermal characteristics for an extended period ' 'ime. Several factors such as moisture and ,t soaking can affect the performance of a product during its life. The roof insulation industry through the efforts of the Thermal Insulation Manufacturers Association, Roof Insulation Committee (RIC/TIMA), are currently evaluating methods and procedures for determining long-term insulation value. However, until such procedures' are proven, Koppers continues to support and follow the ASTM C 518 test method of determining RKIMV THERMAL CONDITIONING PROCEDURE CERTIFICATION thermal values: after samples have been conditioned in accordance with the RIC/TIMA method as described in their Bulletin 281-1. The data presented for Exeltherm Xtra in the following chart has been determined by the procedure described above. For comparison purposes this chart offers data on various types of foamed roof insulation. The data 'presented on these products^* baaed ori*. ASHRAE's recommendation that aged urethane be calculated using a k-value of .16. Koppers along with the rest of the insulation industry is striving to remain current with state of the art procedure, at the same time continuing to investigate new procedures in order to provide our customers with the mgst accurate product data. `Aged* Thermal Value Comparison (inchse) *C" Valu* 0.1000 0 0657 00600 0.0666 0.0600 0.0500 0.0400 "IT Valu* 10.00 11.67 12.50 14.56 1667 20.00 25.00 *EnWwnN Xtl 12. 1.4 1.5 1.75 2.0 24 3.0 "arHetT* Ci] ireran# 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.1 3.6 44 "Urseerw 1.6 1.8 20 -23 2.7 Z2 40 -Hacienurale 1.6 1.8 2.0 23 2.7 3.2 40 *66 (W) 2.6 3.1 33 3.6 4.3 5.2 65 'The thermal value was determined by ASTM-C518. All test specimens were conditioned in accordance with the procedure as outlined in the RIC/TIMA Bulletin 281-1. Exaflherm Xtra thermal calculations are based on a k-value of 0.12 "In the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals 1981, a "k" value of .16 has been established for rigid urethane foams. '"Values baaed on thermal conductivity (k) of 0.26 at 75*F mean teat temperature for nominal 1.0 pcf density EPS. Product Compliance Exeltherm Xtra Roof Insulation meets the following requirements: F.M. Approvals: Class I Insulated Steel Roof Deck Construction with both 1-60 and 1-90 Windstorm Classifications. UJ_ Classifications: Insulated Metal Deck Construction .emblies. Construction Numbers 120 and 123. (2) UL Class A Roofing Covering with Coal Tar Built-Up Roof. (3) UL Class A with Asphalt Built-Up Roof. (4) UL Class A with KMM Standard. (5) UL Class A with KMM Aluminum. Federal Specification: Exeltherm Xtra is a phenolic foam insulation board with physical properties which meet or exceed performance criteria in Federal Specification HH-l-1972, a specification covering polyurethane or itocyanurate roof insulation. BOCA BuMbtg Code: Exeltherm Xtra must be installed in accordance with Koppers Company instructions. Must be separated from interior of building by minimum 1/2" plywood sheathing in accordance with Section 1319.3.5 of BOCA Basic Building Code -- 1961 Edition and 1983 Supplement Uniform BuMng Codr ICBO -- Research Report #4086 -- Exeltherm Xtra installed over wood decks with fire retardant roof classification, whan installed in accordance with Reeearch Report #3844. flee#arch Report #4086 -- Exeltherm Xtra installed on steel decks applied with hot asphalt or mechanical fasteners, in accordance with Koppers instructions, and covered with fire retardant roof covering complying with Research Report #3844. ! ;I i Roof Insulation (Cont.) Typical Exeltherm Xtra Application Requirements This chan is ottered as a reference guide to For specific detailed installation procedures. ate methods of proper application tor consult the Insulation Application section of l ierm Xtra roof insulation. this manual. (See note below). These requirements are bated on experience end are subject to change. To confirm the application requirements for your project, contact the Koppars Regional Office nearest you. Deck Type Metal Concrete Gypsum Wood Plank/ Plywood Structural Wood Fiber Koppers Membrane Systems Coal Tar Bitumen KMM Aluminum KMM Standard 1 lb 1 33 4 1 3b 1 23 34 3a lab 1 3ab 3a 4 1 1b 1 3a 3ab 3a 4 1 1C 1 3d 3ab 3a 4 Asphalt Bunt-Up Roofing Systems Single-Ply Membrane Systems Reflective Smooth Surface Loose Laid Aggregate Non-Reflective Ballasted Fully Adhered Semi-Attached 1 1b 1 1C lb 33 4 1 1b 1 1C lb 3 3b 3 3c 3b 4 3a 3ab 1 3ac 3ab 3a 4 1 1b 1 lc lb 3a 3a 4 1 lb 1 1c 1b 3a 3ab 3a 3ac '3ab 4 Methods of Attachment 1. Mechanical Fasteners 2. Coal Tar Bitumen 3. Asphalt (ASTM D312 Type III) 4. Loose Laid Special Application Requirements: a. A base ply must be first nailed to the deck using the approved number and type fasteners prior to installing the insulation board. b. An overlay board of wood fiber or perlite (1/2" mm. thickness) must be installed over the Exeltherm Xtra. c. An overlay board of wood fiber or perlite (1" min. thickness) must be installed .over the Exeltherm Xtra. d. A base ply must first be mopped to the deck using Type lit asphalt prior to installing the insulation board. NOTE: These requirements apply to the installation of Exeltherm Xtra as described above. It is also recommended that the specifier consult the irane manufacturer's literature and specifications in order to determine if additional requirements or restrictions apply. Important Application Considerations Introduction Xtra can be installed over most types of roof All projections or openings in the deck should decks in the conventional manner. be completed before the application of the Roof insulation plays a major part in the insulation and roofing. conservation of our nation's energy resources. Metal roof decks shall be designed so that they As well it has become an important part of a building owner's energy saving package. will not have a deflection exceeding 1/240 of clear span under all types of loads (live & dead) Insulation Stops Of equal importance to an insulation's thermal performance is the product's ability to become a compatible part of the roofing assembly. Exeltherm Xtra has been laboratory tested and when subjected to 300 lbs. concentrated on a 1 sq. ft. area at mid-span. Designer must take into account roof traffic conditions, all roof mounted mechanical equipment as well as equipment used in the application of the roof. At all roof edges and openings, treated wood nailers shall be installed. The treatment of the wood shall be a waterborne type such as in the Wolmanized* process. The thickness of the nailer must correspond to the thickness of the field evaluated to determine its in-place performance within various roofing systems. As with any product, Exeltherm Xtra must be installed properly in order to perform as it has previously demonstrated. Koppers acceptance of any deck as satisfactory to receive Exeltherm Xtra roof insulation involves the deck surface only. It is the responsibility of the building designer and the deck manufacturer to establish the insulation and be approximately 6" wide. On decks with slopes greater than two inches per foot, wood insulation stops should be used. They should be treated with a waterbased preservative and should be the same The following information is offered as a guide to the proper specification and basic application of Exeltherm Xtra Roof Insulation. If you have an unusual situation or desire further clarification of these recommendations, contact your Koppers representative through requirements for * a. Expansion and contraction in a manner that will create a stable base for the roof insulation. b. Support of maximum anticipated loads. c. Acceptable deck deflection. d. Etc. thickness as the insulation. They must be securely fastened to the deck perpendicular to the slope line of roof. The maximum spacing of the stops should be 48-1/8 inches from face to face. Vapor Retarders one of the offices listed on the back page of this booklet Roof Deck Requirements Koppers w* not assume responaiMNy for deck defects, bitumen drippage. or the placement of conduits, bolt heads, ate, above the roof deck. Vapor retarders are used to control the flow of water vapor from the interior of the building into the roof assembly. Vapor retarders are located between the deck and the roof insulation in roof assemblies.. 1 oof deck is the foundation for the msuiation and membrane roof assembly. The Surface Preparation success of that assembly will in part depend on The use of a vapor retarder within the roofing assembly usually depends upon: the the integnty of that foundation. Decks must be rigid, well attached, dry, occupancy conditions, whether the outside smooth, clean, free of defects and be installed mean January temperature is below 40* and If Although special application requirements in accordance with the manufacturer's the interior winter conditions ere expected to may be required for some decks, Exeltherm recommendations. be above 45% relative humidity. 38 Roof Insulation (Cont.) Since the architect! and building designers are aware ot the actual conditions of the specific installation, they have the responsibility for delerming if a vapor retarder should be used. i plication of the vapor retarder should oe .. accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the vapor retarder specified and be compatible with Koppers installation and attachment requirements. When FM Class I construction requires a vapor retarder it must oe an FM approved vapor retarder system installed in accordance with FM Loss Prevention Data Sheet 1-28. Insulation Application Built-up roofing and fully-adhered single-ply systems require maximum adhesion of the roof insulation to assure optimum membrane performance. Roof insulation as well can be exposed to unusual stress or even damaged when poorly or partially attached. Good attachment is a rm/sf for success. Koppers will not be responsible for any damage caused by or the resuit of unsatisfactory attachment MECHANICAL ATTACHMENT Insulation by mechanical fastening is the recommended method of attachment whenever possible. In 1984 Factory Mutual will require total mechanical fastening for steel deck construction. Exeltherm Xtra currently requires a minimum of 4 fasteners per 3' x 4' board (3 sq. ft./fastener) for an FM 1-60 approval and a tv im of 5 fasteners per 3' x 4' board (2.4 , astener) for an 1-90 approval. Exeltherm Xtra insulation board with a 4' x 8' dimension must be installed using 11 fasteners per board for FM 1-60 approval or 14 fasteners per board for FM 1-90 approval. All fasteners must be FM approved and installed as prescribed by FM. The placement of the fasteners must be as illustrated below. Factory Mutual 1-90 *--,i2a T12". + + 6" + + + + + + ++ 4-4+4 4' 11 4 -F 4 -f- 4 h--3` -- h---------------8' 6", 12" + Factory Mutual 1-40 12" 4 6"- 44 -- 3' -- Special Note: It t* 'ong been recognized that the broader me ne temperature changes experienced ith ,,,nooth and/or non-reflective surface* an sometime* create stress within the roofing assembly which can cause, premature roof problems, particularly if any one or more components of the system is poorly installed. To avoid potential problems, when a smooth surface and/or non-reflective roof is specified. Exeltherm Xtra must be mechanically fastened in the required manner to the deck. (Also see the membrane application section of this manual.) BITUMEN ATTACHMENT When mechanical fastening is not preferred or is not practical, such as on concrete decks, hot applied coal tar or asphalt may be used. When using asphalt on concrete decks priming is usually necessary. When using hot applied bitumen for attachment, care must be taken to apply the material in sufficient quantity to totally cover the available deck surface. The temperature ot the bitumen is imporffiliHt must be hot enough at the moment the board is installed to allow TOTAL embedment of the board. To assure total embedment the board must also be stepped on at several points. It is recommended that attachment be checked from time to time by removing and inspecting a recently installed board. Cold adhesives are not acceptable for the installation of Exeltherm Xtra. LOOSE LAID APPLICATIONS Manufacturers oi certain loose laid and ballasted single-ply membrane systems allow the insulation to be installed without attachment. Under such conditions Exeltherm Xtra may be installed without attachment: however, all other recommendations specified in this manual must be followed. Whether attached by mechanical fastening, hot bitumen or loose laid the insulation board shall be installed in parallel courses, butted firmly, with the cross joints broken. On metal decks the long dimension of the board shall run parallel to. with the edge resting firmly on the top of, a flute. When possible the insulation boards should be laid perpendicular to the direction of the roof membrane. As the insulation is being installed and checked for proper attachment the roofing membrane application must closely follow. Roof Membrane Application No more insulation is to be installed than can be covered by the COMPLETED roofing system in the same day. Expenence indicates and most manufacturers require that when gravel surfacing is specified it should also be applied at the same time the membrane is installed. Koppers does not recommend the practice of phase construction. At the completion of each day's work all exposed edges of the uncompleted insulated roof membrane system must be sealed by means of a temporary water cut-off. It is extremely important that moisture not be allowed to enter the completed system. To avoid localizing conditions within the insulation chamber all temporary water cut offs must oe totally removed when the application continues. Install the roofing system in strict accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and recommendations. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS BUILT-UP ROOFING SYSTEMS Gravel Surfaced Membranes: The application of Exeltherm Xtra requires no special installation provisions. Install the membrane in strict accordance with the manufacturer s published specifications. Smooth and/or Nort-Refiecthr* Membranes: With the exception ot applications noted on the Typical Application Requirements Chart presented on page 38 of this manual. Exeltherm Xtra must be mechanically fastened to the deck and overlaid with a minimum ot 1/2" fiber, perlite or equivalent insulation board. The overlay must be attached either by mechanical fastening or hot bitumen. Install the membrane in strict accordance with the manufacturer's published specifications. SINGLE-PLY ROOFING SYSTEMS Loos* Laid Balia*tad Membrane Systems: Exeltherm Xtra can be attached either by mechanical fastening, hot bitumen or loose laid as may be required, instatt-the membrane in stnct. accordance with the membrane manufacturer's published specifications. Sami-AescIStf^Membran* Systems: With the excaption of applications noted on the Typical Application Requirements Chart presented on "page 38 of this manual. Exeltherm Xtra must be mechanically fastened in the required manner to the deck and overlaid with a minimum of 1/2" fiber, partite or equivalent insulation board. The overlay may be mechanically fastened, set in hctSitumen or laid loose if permitted. Install the membrane in strict accordance with the membrane manufacturer's published specifications. Fully Adhered Membrane Systems: With the exception of applications noted on the Typical Application Requirements Chart presented on page 38 of this manual. Exeltherm Xtra must be mechanically fastened to the deck and overlaid with a minimum of 1" fiber, perlite or equivalent insulation board. Due to the unique characteristics of these type systems special application procedures are often required. When specifying Exeltherm Xtra along with a fully adhered single-ply system consult your Koppers representative for special application requirements. Temporary Roofs The application of an insulated roof membrane system prior to the building structure being ready to accept the system has been recognized as a major cause of premature roof failure. All work, such as vent pipes, nailers, curbs, perimeter wall, drains, etc., must be in place prior to the installation of the insulated roofing system. If such work cannot be completed prior to the need for weather protection, Koppers recommends a temporary roofing system which can be removed and replaced by the Roof Insulation (Cont.) permanent system when the structure is ready. No roof insulation should be applied until the permanent roofing system is installed. eroofing When reroofing, complete removal of the old roof memorane and insulation is the preferred procedure. This allows the deck to be checked for structure integrity and a new insulated.roof assembly to be installed in accordance with state of tne art standards. When it is not possible to remove the old roofing system, certain factors must be considered. All existing insulation must be dry. well attached and structurally sound. The existing roof membrane must also be dry. smooth and well attached. Any. wet and/or damaged areas must be removed and replaced with material of equal thickness, leaving a level substrate to receive the new insulation. For greater assurance it is recommended, when possible, that the new layer of insulation be mechanically fastened. When attaching the new insulation to the existing roof or insulation with hot bitumen, extreme care must be taken that a sufficient quantity of bitumen is used in order to obtain total adhesion of the new board. insure satisfactory performance of the finished roof. The deck surface must be dry and free from all traces of ice. snow and moisture before applying roof insulation. Any moisture present on the deck at the time the roof insulation is applied may result in poor adhesion of materials to the deck and blistering of the membrane. Although mechanical fastening is the preferred method of attachment, if hot bitumens are used it is recommended that their point of application temperatures be not less than 375* F for coal tar bitumens: and 425 F for steep asphalt. Special insulated equipment is often required dunng cold weather conditions in order to assure these point of application temperatures without exceeding the bitumen manufacturer's maximum heat limitations. Special Application* Due to the lack of application experience Koppers does not at this time recommend the use of its Exeltherm Xtra roof insulation in cold storage, plaza deck or vertical and horizontal subgrade waterproofing applications. Health & Safety Issues Exeltherm Xtra has not only exhibited excellent thermal values, fire resistance properties and high dimensional stability, out it has also been tested for toxicity, mutagenicity and combustion product toxicity. It has been shown to have a very limited potential for adverse health effects. Exeltherm Xtra has demonstrated no short term health effects except 'for the dust generated dunng cutting of the board which may cause eye irritation. Based on acute toxicity tests done according to protocols developed by the Consumer Product Safety Commission in the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA). a powder made from the board resin it less than "toxic" (FHSA definition) by ingestion or skin penetration and does not cause skin irritation. The powder from the board raein also gave negative results in the bacterial mutagenicity assay, the Ames teat. La. no genetic affects were observed in this test Under flaming and non-flaming conditions, this insulation is "no more toxic than wood* (Douglas fir-standard) bated on the results ot a combustion toxicity test developed by the National Bureau of Standards. Precautions Protection of Material "eping insulation dry and undamaged is .ential to assure maximum thermal and structural performance of the roofing insulation membrane assembly. Exeltherm Xtra is shipped covered with plastic shrouds which are intended to temporarily protect the material while in transit. Due to the potential of moisture condensing on the inside of the plastic surface on cool humid mornings causing moisture build-up on the edges of the insulation boards in contact with the plastic, it is recommended that the shrouds be removed during storage at the job site and the material be covered with a breathable type weatherproof covering such as tarpaulins. Exeltherm Xtra roof-insulation must be protected from the wither at all timae. No more insulation should be laid than can be completely covered with roofing membrahe system the same day. Atthe end of each day's work, or m the event worigi#stopped abruptly, temporary watertight cut-off* must be installed at all exposed insulation edges. Cut offs must be removed when work, is started again. Root insulation which has become wet and/or damaged must be removed and replaced by solid dry insulation. Cold Weather AppScatfon Roofing systems installed at temperatures t^iow 45*F require,special precautions to Addhlomt Product Information Nominal thickness (Inch**) nN--3-*n-x 4* tnwd--on Sd-fl boards Apprwt per par Weight be. pallet paMat Par *4. PL 12 72 864 0.42* 1.4 64 768 0.48 1.5 60 720 0.30 1.75 48 576 0.56 2.0 42 504 0.62 2.4 36 432 0.72 3.0 28 336 0.68 4* a 8* tnMdahon board* 9" padat 8q.lt Appro*. FMe par VfMjni spanebbty paM Par8q.Pt (tnehaa) 72 2304 0.42# 1.75 64 2046 0.43 1.75 60 1820 050 1.75 46 1536 056 2.75 44 1406 0.62 2.75 36 1152 0.72 . 2.75 28 606 0.88 2.75 For flute span* greater than 2.75 inch** special proviaione may be naoaaaary. For specific information consult your Koppers representative. 40 REINFORCEMENT FABRICS The extra strength needed for all roofing and waterproofing systems, Reinforcement Fabrics are necessary for application record. Spenijteatton grads cotton used for protection of newly seeded areas, waterproofing and roofing systems because complies with specifications from the federal embankment erosion control and ditch liners the waterproofing agents (bitumens) have government, the American Society for Testing for holding plantsd materials in place until practically no strength by themselves. Materials (ASTM), the American Railroad end growth starts. Hoppers Reinforcement Fabrics provide this Engineering Association (AREA) and tha extra strength in a manner similar to that of reinforcing rods in concrete. Sometimes called membranes, these fabrics serve as mechanical reinforcement tor hot or cold applied bituminous coatings In roofing and waterproofing systems. They also provide the framework to build up coating thicknesses, achieving longer lasting waterproofing systems. Once applied, they form stressresistant pliable sheets that withstand strains caused by wind, vibration, and expansion or contraction due to temperature changes. American Association of Stats Highway Officials (AASHO). * Otari** and Oliacoa* Woven Glass Fabrics are both well-known and widely accepted in the construction industry. Glasfab. an asphalt or tar coated fabric, and Glsscoat a whits resin-costed fabric art inorganic woven glass membranss which will not rot, are lightweight and will conform to irregular surfaces. The tensits strength of glass fabric is graster than cotton fabric or jute. Hoppers Glass Mats are widely used with cold-applied roofing products. They are nonshrinking. possess excsllsnt embedment quafitie* and conform to irregular surfaces. The U.F. Glass Mat is whits, lightweight, comprised of fin* glass filaments in a random swirl arrangement, reinforced with glass strands at the edges and bonded with polymeric resin. An asphalt coated U.F. Mat is also available. Standard Glass Fiber Mesh consists of chopped monofilaments formed into a random A complete range of reinforcement lak-'x is available from Hoppers: pattern and bonded with a resinous binder. Hoppers Jut* (Burlap) Fabric is asphalt Heavy Duty Glass Fiber Mash is constructed saturstad. Commonly known as trsatsd of heavy glass yam, chopped in two inch pen Asphalt Or Coal Tar Saturated burlap, it la a coarse fabric which tends to hold lengths and formed into a jackstraw pattern. It Cotton Fabrics are available in both standard more bituminous roof coating material, is bonded and coated with a pliable asphalt and specification grads. Tha primary resulting In heavier build-up of coating in The open pattern permits excellent bleed- difference between the two grade* is weight. fewer applications. It is quit* often specified through of the asphalt into which it is Cotton Fabric has tha longsst succaasful for roofing and waterproofing. Juts is also embedded. 41 Reinforcement Fabrics (Cont.) The perfect material for every application. Application* of Koppers Ralnforeamant Fabric* are extensive, most used in conjunction with hot or cold applied bituminous coatings in rooting and waterproofing. Other applications include bridge deck waterproofing and (lashings, foundations, slabs, tunnels, subways, pipeline wrapping, pipeline )Oint wrap, parapet wall treatment, asphalt paving repair and protection, driveways, parking areas and tennis courts. Many ot the reinforcement fabric systems installed over 25 years ago are still in us* today. In large construction projects such as highway bridges, their applications have ensured complete protection against the moisture penetration that ultimately leads to corrosion and weakening of the structure. Bridge Deck Waterproofing effectively protects bridge surface* and substrate* from premature deterioration. Koppers Reinforcement Fabric, used in conjunction with coal-tar coatings, repels the adverse effects of weather, salt, gasoline and oil spillage. In addition, the waterproofing prevents spalling of concrete and the corrosion of bridge reinforcing rods (caused by penetration of moisture and d*4cing chemicals). The woven glass reinforctment fabric serves a function similar to that of steel mesh in concrete. Forming a stress-resistant pliable sheet, the supporting membrane add* strength and serviceability to the inherent water resistance of the coal-tar emulsion. Foundation Waterproofing And Dampproofing at the time of construction can Eliminate the problems of damaging leaks, .rchitects and engineers have long realized the advantages of waterproofing compounds in preventing or retarding the passage of water. Reinforcement fabric enables waterproofing compounds to remain stationary while being built-up to the specific quantities desired, thus allowing the depth of material necessary to resist existing hydrostatic pressure. Plaza Deck Waterproofing provides subterranean structures with needed protection against moisture. Whether used as office space, classrooms, storage or a parking Roof Repairs are long lasting when Koppers Other use* for Koppers Reinforcement garage, all below-ground facilitifl* must be Reinforcement Fabric is used. Quick repairs to Fabrics exist wherever waterproofing systems watertight, including walls and top surface*. Landscaped plazas are often constructed on. these top surfaces. It is here thitGlasfeb . used as the reinforcing membrane in the' waterproofing systems placed uder the plan surface. roofing and flashing membrants are possible if a ply of fabric is embeddad in the first application of roof coating. A second application then completely seats the area whert blisttrs and cracks once appeared. are required:. Tennis courts can better maintain thairtight, smooth playing surfaces with applications of Giasfab membranes coatatfwith bituminous or .synthetic sealers. This waterproofing Giasfab is available with a coating of asphalt Roof Resurfacing with reinforcement fabric combination eliminates the recurrence of or tar. to be compatible wtth the specified strength to existing built-up roofs. Since cracks, therapy preventing watarfrom seeping bitumen. Possessing the highest tensHe it is important to select the membrane that undeFth* asphalt and gradually breaking up strength of any reinforcing membrane performs best with a particular coating. the baa*. currently in use. Giasfab provides a strong Koppers manufactures labrics that can be Tunnels are affectively protected against waterproofing system. It strengthens and utilized with cold-applied products or hot watar seepage into and through the concrete secures the waterproofing agent between bitumen. Coated glass fabrics ara available as shell with--Koppers Reinforcement Fabric slabs and on wall* under the plaza deck, weti as glass mats and saturated cotton ambedded in a bituminous compound. A sealing and protecting them from water and fabric*. Glass membrane's non-rotting properljE&stalled tunnel waterproofing chemical penetration. Whan a reinforcing fiwturt. its ability to conform to irregular .system - prevents rapid deterioration of membrane is requirtd that is not coatad with asphalt or tar, Koppers fills the need with "'iscoat. Like Giasfab. Glascost is a woven ss fabric, but is coated with white resin, surface*, and Ha high tansil* strength makeita reinforcing rods, heaving of concrete and the highly desirable reinforcement. Cotton fabric formation of icicle* on the underside. is often used for stripping-in and covering Pipeline protection has been achieved corrugated metal roofs. through an appHygiion consisting of a uiass mats and cotton fabrics may bantedad When selecting the properroof resurfacing ' bituminous coating (Koppers Coal Tar in specific cases. Koppers mafip these reinforcement, it it important to also us* the Enamel) and a reinforcement fabric (Giasfab products also available as wattipToofing proper amount of coating to assure a long membrane*) tosuccessfully prevent corrosion membranes. service life. and toil stress. 42 W W .il 1 U IliW IIIH U ..Im i Specifications and Technical Data KOPPERS 7 1/KOP Architectural and Construction Materials Product Applicable Specifications Nominal Sq. Yd. Ory Weight Sg.Yd. Saturated WL Breaking Strength of Nominal Saturated Fabric Thread Count Roll Width 1150' Long) Rolls per Carton Coating Color Nominal Carton Weights Specification Cotton Fabric Fed. Spec. SS-C-450A ASTMD-173-80 AREA and AASHO for various states. 3.5 oz. lOoz. minimum 50 Warp 50 Fill Minimum 26 to 32 Warp Asphalt Black 24 to 32 Fill or Tar 36" 24" 18" 12" 9" 6" 4" 3" 1 4011 1 264 2 404 3 404 4 404 6 404 9 404 12 404 Standard Cotton Fabric None ZOoz. 6.5 oz. Typical Analysis 40 Warp 20 Fill Typical Analysis 27 warp 15 Fill Typical Analysis Asphalt Black or Tar 36" 24" 18" 12" 9" 6" 4" 3* 1 224 1 144 2 224 4 304 4 224 8 304 "12 304 16 304 Glasfab Fed. Spec. HH-C-466b ASTM 0-1668-80 Type 1 & II 1.2oz.toZ0oz. 1.5 oz. to2.6oz. 1.4 oz. min. 2oz. to3oz. 75 Warp 75 Fill Minimum 20x10 or 20x20 Asphalt Black or Tar 48" 36" 24" 18" 12" 9" 6" 4" 3" 4 484 6 564 8 484 12 564 18 564 24 564 36 564 54 564 72 564 loaf* Juti White 1.2oz.toZOoz. 1.6oz.toZ6oz. ASTM D-1668-80 Type III 75 Warp 75 Fill Minimum Fed. Spec." HH-8-00600 ASTM D-1327-78 - 7.5 oz. T, 9.8 minimum Typical Analysis 50 Warp 50 Fill Typical Analysis .: .WT~' 20x10 or 20x20 9 Warp 9 Fill Typical Analysis Resin White Asphalt Black 36" 24' 18" 12" 9" 6" 4" 3" 36" 24" 18" 12" 9" 6" 4" 3" . 6 8 12 18 24 36 54 72 1 1 2 3 4 6 9 12 424 374 424 424 424 424 424 424 444 284 444 444 444 444 444 444 Product U.F. MatWhite U.F. MatAsphalt dardMesh Heavy Duly Mesh BinHPEr Polymeric Polymeric Resin Asphajt GtM 400*11 .9w. .9 lbs. 1.39 lbs. Z22lbs. Total Weight 100tg.IL 1.0 lbs. TtntUi Strang* Width 4 lbs. Tenths Stag* length 13 lbs. mtUn |wiaainiL IIWLsni) Ndtsper Cvtan brlsn vMQRS 36"x18ff 1 74 Z5lbs. 1.44 lbs. 31 lbs. 10 lbs. 47 lbs. 18 lbs. 36-xiatr 1 164 36" x 180 1 114 4.5 lbs. 25 lbs. 34 lbs. 2Tx 96" 4 404 43 ROOF MAINTENANCE PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS Ml roofs require preventive maintenance. As soon as the roofing system is first applied, the degradation process begins. If the roof is allowed to age unattended, you may be faced with the high cost of replacing the entire roof. The materials needed to repair or maintain the common built-up roof depends upon the construction and condition of the roof and the nature of the problem. Maintenance or repair isn't merely a matter of adding more bitumen. Each roof responds to the ravages of time and weather in different ways. Each needs specific materials to combat deterioration. Then there are the flashings, counter flashings. parapet walls, pitch pans, and possible wet insulation to be considered. Each of these areas is susceptible to deterioration and damage. Each requires particular materials for maintenance and repair. Koppers has all the materials necessary to keep your roof in top condition. Our Roof Shield System, for instance, can add years of extra life to smooth surface asphalt roots and our resaturant applications have extended the life of many built-up gravel roofs 50% or more. Koppers Early Warning System is a program which will provide you with a complete and thorough roof-top survey determining the actual conditions throughout the roof system. \n analysis of suspect areas and all roof data is ntered into one of our many word processing computers offering uniform and comprehensive maintenance specifications tailored to'your needs. Koppers will be pleased to put a preventive roof maintenance program together for you. Roof conditions Dry Felts 4 Bara Spots are caused by the oxidation of surface bitumen on gravel roofs. Roof Felts become exposed to attack by the sun's ultra violet rays, and rapid deterioration follows. Koppers roof resaturants help avoid this situation. BHstera: usually are formed by the presence of moisture resulting in vapor pressure that has been trapped between plies of felt on either gravel or smooth surface roofs. Koppers roof cements and membranes can solve this problem. Alligatortng: is a condition almost universal to smooth surface hot asphalt roofs. Attack from the sun starts immediately and progresses to the formation of deep roof alligators as time goes'by. The appropnate Koppers asphalt emulsions will provide a smooth top surface that will not alligator in the future. Splits: are the result of excessive movement in the roof system. Freeze-thaw cycles and expansion and contraction may cause roof splits if proper expansion joints have not been provided. Koppers Stripshieid and other systems can help control this condition. Wet Insulation: will greatly effect the performance of any built-up roof. Hydrostatic pressure trapped within the roofing system must be released. Certain types of insulation can be successfully vented. This can help eliminate costly membrane deterioration. Worn Flashings: can lead to a total roof failure. Koppers cements and membranes offer a system to restore worn flashings to a "like new" condition. If damage is more severe, our KMM aluminum flashing syatem offers an approach that will provide a completely new flashing with a durable aluminum top surface. 44 Roof Maintenance Products and Systems (Cont.) Koppers Aluminum Roof Coatings KOPPERS 7 1/KOP Architectural and Construction Materials Asphalt base active coatings Koppers asphalt base aluminum coatings contain pure aluminum paste consisting of millions of tiny pigment flakes. When the coating is applied, these flakes rise to the surface and arrange themselves into many sningle-like layers of aluminum. The result is a reflective metal surface that protects the substrate from the elements. With Koppers aluminum coatings, there is no peeling or separating because the asphalt base securely bonds the aluminum to the protected surface. There is an aluminum coating to suit your needs: Aluminum Coating 434 contains three pounds of extra quality aluminum paste per gallon of high grade, non-fibrated asphalt base. Aluminum Coating 435 contains three pounds of extra quality aluminum paste per gallon. This coating is reinforced with asbestos fibers for a thicker, tougher coating and extra life. Aluminum Coating 444 contains two pounds of extra quality aluminum paste per gallon of high grade non-fibrated asphalt base. Aluminum Coating 445 contains two pounds of extra quality aluminum paste per gallon, reinforced with asbestos fibers. Application: 1. Preparation -- The surface to be coated should be cleaned of all loose matenal such as gravel, dirt. dust, rust or scale. All breaks, cracks, holes and other structural deficiencies should be repaired prior to applying the Aluminum Coating. Z Priming -- Before applying Aluminum Coatings to roofs, dry or dusty felts should be primed with Koppers High-Penetration Primer 452 at the'rate of approximately % gallon per tOO square feet. This preliminary step insures proper adhesion of the Aluminum Coating. Z Coating -- Stir thoroughly before and occasionally during application. Apply with spray or brush. 4. Curing -- Allow one month curing time Guards against moisture penetration before applicaton over new asphalt emulsion The asphalt base in Koppers aluminum roof coated roofs. Allow three months curing time coatings provides excellent adhesion to the before application over new asphalt or solvent existing surface. The result is a reflective type coated roots. Do not apply over "dead surface that guards the substrata against level" surfaces subject to standing water. moisture penetration. COVERING CAPACITY (Per 100 sq. ft.) Type of Surface Metal Composition 434 and 444 Non-FIbrated Aluminum '/< to 'A gallon 'A to 1 gallon 43S and 445 Fibrated Aluminum t to VA gallons 2 to 3 gallons 45 Rooi Maintenance Products and Systems (Cont.) Koppers Heavy Duty Roof Shield System... Description Koppers Heavy Duly Rooi Shield System combines two Koppers roofing materials. Heavy Duty Glass Fiber Mesh and Liquid Asphalt 480. Liquid Asphalt 480 is a filled, cold applied, high-quality asphalt emulsion containing Bentonite clay. It is the waterproofing component of the Heavy Duty Roof Shield System. The unique gel structure of Liquid Asphalt 480 will not alligator, blister, or flow in hot weather. Heavy Duty Glass Fiber Mesh is a patented reinforcing mat of a non-woven jackstraw pattern of short cable strands of glass fiber. Each strand is composed of more than 200 glass monofilaments and is completely surrounded with the Liquid Asphalt 480. thereby eliminating water wicking by capillarity into the waterproofed surface. Application 1. Surface Preparation. If there isa question to the soundness of the existing roof and insulation, a core cut should be made. All minor repairs must be made prior to priming. ANY blister containing moisture must be allowed to DRY before repair is made. Z Priming. Every effort should be made to remove dust from the surface. If the dust cannot be completely removed, Koppers High Penetration Primer #452 should be applied at the rate of approximately V. gallon per 100 sq. ft. If a primer is used, it must be allowed to dry thoroughly before proceeding with Roof Shield application. 3. Flashing. Flashing areas shall be examined, repaired and primed as required. Roof Shield should be applied first to flashing areas. 4. Application. Brush or spray-on an embedding coat of Liquid Asphalt 480 at the rate of 4 gallons per 100 sq. ft. Do not apply if temperatures below 40* F. are expected within 8 hours or if rain is expected before the emulsion has time to dry. While the emulsion is wet, embed Heavy Duty Glass Fiber Mesh into it with firm brush pressure forcing the emulsion through and around the glass stands. Each succeeding glass strip should overlap the preceding one by 2 inches. Roll ends of Heavy Duty Glass Fiber Mesh should overlap 6 inches. Do not allow dry or starved laps. Permit Liquid Asphalt 480 and Heavy Duty Glass Fiber Mesh to dry sufficiently to permit foot traffic. After the embedding coat is dry, a top coat of Liquid Asphalt 480 is sprayed or brushed on at the rate of 3 gallons per 100 sq. ft tnformbon comasnad m th* DuMm m prtaantad In pood Inti, but N la not to too tnlarrad mol by puOtocatmn rwraof toy Koppara Company, me., nor by rna uaa or tmptoymant by mo raadar oi any luygaabcina or momod 46 eomamad ftaram. mat Koppara Company, me., haa aanimort any liatoOtty tor wtnwQomaoi of any pattnt. toraqp or oomaaoe. nor gnon any warranty. OKpraaaaO or imptoad. y~?_~ ';.T^r>4. ' .:-;r / ^