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Monsanto I Chemicals AROCLORS AS USED TO EXTEND OR SUBSTITUTE CARNAUBA WAX Monsanto Technical Bulletin Ho. P-132 Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis 4, Mo. Sept. 1, 1948 Selected blends of AROCLORS*, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, are attractive extenders or substitutes for carnauba wax in the manufacture of polishes. This bulletin gives several practical formulas using Aroclors in wax blends possessing the qualities of carnauba wax for automobile, wood, leather and linoleum polishes. "Registered in U.S. Patent Office The Informalien In this bulletin 1s based an eur experience, represents our beet judgment In the ipafter, and Is Intended to be hetpfutj but we cannot assume responsibility for any loss or Occident that may result from Its use. 061362? TOWOLDMONOOQ5942 I. INTRODUCTION The AROCLORS, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, when properly blended possess the unusual qualities required to satisfac torily extend or substitute carnauba wax. Moreover, the extension of carnauba wax with blended Aroclors constitutes not only a saving of this unique and versatile wax, which has become scarcer in supply, but it also offers an attractive saving in cost. Particularly in England, considerable work has been done to replace carnauba wax with blends of other waxes and Aroclors. Much of the following information about the use of Aroclors for this purpose is taken from the publication "Carnauba Wax Substitutes" by 0. W. Wood (Maxwaxa Limited), presented in the Manufacturing Chemist and Manu facturing Perfumer, March 1948, Volume XIX. The physical properties of Aroclors are given in Monsanto1 a Techni cal Bulletin No. P-115, "The Aroclors". II. PROPERTIES OF PURE CARNAUBA WAX Pure carnauba wax has the following characteristics? Specific gravity. ........ 0.99 at 15C. Melting point .......... 84.1 - 91C. Acid value. ........... 2.0 - 7.0 Sap. value. ........... 78.4 - 88.3 mg. KOH Although there are several grades of commercial carnauba wax, in general the following properties are typical? Specific gravity. . ,, . Acid value ....... Sap. value ....... Iodine value ...... Alcohols ....... Melting point of alcohols Acetyl value ...... Hydrocarbons ...... o.g78 at 15C. 87.0 ,9-9* 49.22* 8lC. 122 Nil These properties indicate to the experienced wax blender that the prepa ration of a worthwhile substitute for carnauba requires the use of unique materials in order to conform with the qualities of the natural wax. . 0613628 2 TOWOLDMONOOQ5943 III. CHARACTERISTICS OF A CARNAUBA WAX SUBSTITUTE The principal requirements of a good carnauba, wax substitute are: Hardness or penetration value should be at least equal to that of the natural wax. Texture should be homogeneous, preferably non crystalline and somewhat brittle. Melting point should be similar to the natural wax ana the setting point should not be more them about 6C. below this point, otherwise protracted cooling phenomena will be experienced. Performance. Especially with respect to physicalappearance and performance, the substituted wax composition must possess the working characteristics of the natural wax with reference to the particular end use application of the substitute. IV. PREPARATION OF CARNAUBA WAX SUBSTITUTES The early work done both in America and in Europe to prepare carnauba wax substitutes was based largely on blending materials such as paraf fin wax, ceresin, colophony, montan wax, beeswax, candelilla wax, ozo kerite and shellac wax to arrive at a blend possessing properties similar to carnauba wax. Like the case of carnauba wax, several of these naturally occurring substitute materials have Increased in price and have beoome scarce. Also, with the use of naturally occurring waxes there has always been the problem of maintaining uniform quality. These factors led to the recent interest in Aroclors as extenders or substitutes for carnauba wax. A number of suggested blends and the characteristics are given in the following table. 0613629 TOWOLDMONOOQ5944 TABLE I COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OP AROCLOR-WAX BLENDS No. (1) (2) Parts by Composition Weight Aroclor 1268 Aroelor 1242 Carnauba vax Ceresin Paraffin 5.0) 2.5 2.5 20.0) 70.0) Color Light Cream Aroclor 1268 Aroclor 1242 Carnauba Wax Ceresin Paraffin 10.0) 5.0) 5.0 20.0) 60.0) Pale yellov, vhite Texture Softening Point Smooth, hard non-tacky 58 C. Similar to above 60 C. Aroclor 1268 19.6) Aroclor 1242 4.9) (3) Carnauba vax 6.8) Pale Ceresin 19.6) yellov Paraffin 49.0) Similar to above 77 C. Aroclor 1268 30.0) Aroolor 1242 5.0 (4) Carnauba vax 10.0) Pale Ceresin 20.0) yellov Paraffin 35.0) Smooth, hard, slightly brittle 78 C. Aroclor 1268 35-0) Aroclor 1242 5.0 (5) Carnauba vax 30.0) Pale Ceresin 20.0) cream Paraffin 10.0) Slight surface crystallinity 79 C. Aroolor 1268 35.0) Aroclor 1242 5.0 (6) Carnauba vax 40.0) Cream Ceresin 20.0) Similar to above 8lC. Aroclor 1268 35.0) Aroclor 1242 5.0 (7) Carnauba vax 50.0) Cream Ceresin 10.0) Smooth, carnauba 80.5C. ringed surface Melting Point 67.5*0. 78*0. 79*0. 78 C. 86 C. 86.5*0. 88 C. 4 0613630 TOWOLDMONOOQ5945 It should be noted that a liquid or plasticizer-type Aroclor such as Aroclor 1242 Is used In combination with the resinous-type Aroolor 1268. This is done to enhance the compatibility of the resin ous type Aroclors with the wax and to increase solubility of the blend in inexpensive solvents such as mineral spirits. Mixtures of Aroclors 1254 and 5460 are also suggested for preparing the wax blends. A good commercial natural brown grade of ceresln wax is incorporated for binding and absorption of all surplus liquid in the wax blend. The standard white commercial grade of paraffin wax, melting point 135-i40F., is used largely as a filler. The type of carnauba wax used in preparing the blends Is prime yellow with a melting point of 84.5C. All of these compositions possess excellent molding properties and would be entirely suitable for the manufacture of molded products. Mixtures No. 5* 6 and 7 can be especially recommended for this pur pose or for electrical insulation work. Mixture No. 4 is excellent for use in polishes. V. TYPICAL FORMULAE OF POLISHES The following are typical formulae for a household polish and a car polish* Household Polish Composition Parts by weight Composition No. 4 (Table I) . . Natural ozokerite ....... Paraffin, hard ........ Mineral spirits ........ 1 3 26 70 Characteristics. This is a smooth, soft paste possessing very good polishing properties on wood and linoleum. Car Polish Composition Parts by weight Composition No. 4 (Table I) . ,, Candelilla wax ........ Natural ozokerite ....... Mineral spirits ........ 15 2 3 80 Characteristics. This is a smooth paste possessing good polishing properties on all automobile paints and on leather upholstery. 0bl3t>31 TOWOLDMONOOQ5946 VI. AROCLOR-WAX BLENDS WITHOUT CARNAUBA WAX Ourieury wax is less expensive than eamauba, generally jnueh harder, with a melting point of 89-95C. and has equally good lusterproducing properties. The drawbacks of ourieury wax are inorganic impurities, chiefly admixed silica, and its dark color usually ranging from light chocolate brown to very dark brown. The following formulation illustrates the replacement of earnauba with a purified commercial grade, medium brown ourieury wax pos sessing a melting point of o90C., acid value 11.0 and saponification value of 86.1s Composition Parts by weight Aroclor 5460 .......... Aroclor 1242 .......... Ourieury wax .......... Ceresln ............ Paraffin ............ 30 5 30 20 15 Characteristicss Color -- Texture -- Softening Point -- Melting Point -- Light buff. Very smooth, hard 60C. 78.5C. The following car polish was made according to this formulas Car Polish (Ourieury) Composition Parts by weight Wax blend (as prepared above) . . Natural ozokerite ........ Paraffin, hard ......... Aroclor 1242 .......... Mineral spirits ......... 8 2 10 5* 75* Dissolved with agitation before adding to the molten waxes. (It is noteworthy that aluminum stearate should not be used in this composition.) 6 0613632 TOWOLDMONOOQ5947 Characteristics; The color of this composition is a light brovnish-tan similar to polishes made from fatty gray carnauba vax. It has good pol ishing properties on all types of surfaces. VII. TOXICOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE USE OP AROCLORS In the manufacture of wax compositions containing Aroclors, pre cautions should be taken to avoid breathing the vapors from hot Aroclors. In this connection, the atmosphere pf the workroom should be vented by the use of a suitable exhaust fan in line with ordinary and good factory operating practice. When Aroclors are used at normal temperatures, usually only normal precautions relative to the handling of chemicals or ordinary clean liness concerning commercial plant practice are followed. With reference to the normal end use of polishes containing Aroclors as suggested in the formulations given in this bulletin, it is not expected that the Aroclors would present a problem of toxicity to humans. This is based on the following information reported by a reliable source. It was determined by the skin patch test procedure given by Doctor Louis Schwartz and Doctor Samuel M. Peck in Reprint No. 2552 from the Public Health Reports, Vol. 59, No. 17 (April 28, 1944) that cotton fabric coated with Aroclor 5460 and an oil modified alkyd resin in such a manner that each square inch of fabric contained 10.5 mg. of Aroclor 5460, was neither a skin irritant nor a sensitizer. VIII. GENERAL COMMENTS 1. The use of a selected mixture of Aroclors permits the extension or substitution of carnauba wax to a substantial amount without detracting from the desired characteristics or the finished polishing wax formulation. This is accomplished at an attrac tive saving in cost. 2. Using a selected mixture of Aroclors and ourlcury wax, it is possible to completely eliminate carnauba wak. 7. , .o TOWOLDMONOOQ5948 3. Polishing compositions of this type are excellent for use on practically all wood, leather, paint and linoleum surfaces. ****** The information contained in this bulletin is to our best knowledge true and accurate, but all reconmendatlons or suggestions are made without guarantee, sinoe the conditions of use are beyond our control. Monsanto Chemical Company dis claims any liability Incurred in connection with the use of these data or suggestions. Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with existing patents covering any material or its use. MOHSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY St. Louis 4, Mo. New York-Chlcago-Boston-Birmlngham-Charlotte-Cinolnnati-Detroit Cleveland-Philadelphia-Los Angeles-San Francisco-Montreal PGB/rh 8. 061363'* TOWOLDMONOOQ5949