Document Y9yjYbwLygam7YoZbQxBKOyzN

16896 PROPOSED RULES DEPmnTiaZKT Or LA3GR Occapatlor.'J Safety and Hnitt) Auminiatruviorr [29CFa^ort.l^lQ] |Xtockt G3S-3| VINYL CHLORIDE Proposed Standard I. Background. Vinyl chloride (chloroethene) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No. 75CI5. Is a synthr-tic chemi cal made by oxychlorirmtion of ethylene or by hydrochlonnutlon of ficetyirnc. It Is the parent compound of a senes of thcmoplaslic resla polymers uid co polymers which ore -widely used lor coulalmas, vrappir.s Cim, cleeul.U uuaiUtlnn, pipe, conduit, and a variety cl o:i.cr products. Vinyl ch.oridv has been made commercially In thi: country since Ji>`J9 and prc:.ent production- is fn excess ol seven billion pound.-; per year. Vinyl chloride <VC) I ft i>:is cl amburnt Urinijcraluro nncl prcssuic and Ia * chlorinated hydruauhon which hies !5HdPraUr llvvr lojJcity. The previous Uandurd set a ceiling value of 5iiU ports per million >pj>in) 129 CFR 1910 93 Table G-l>. On January 22. 1974, the OecTnnthmnl Bftfety ii nd Health Admitjl-.finwnn (OSUAl wus uiloimi.d by Uic MutiunuJ Institute lor Oecurruiruml udety and Health (NlOSIU UiaI U.e 11. }'. Goonrich Chemical Company r.vorled that deaths of .several of its employees from a rare liver cancer (angiosarcoma) may have been occupationally related. As a Lh* level from a celling of 300 ppm to 50 result of this notification and alter con ppm ceiling. It was expressly recemtaed sultation with the Nullotml Institute for that UUs standard llmuing exposure', to Occupational Safety nr.J Health a 50 ppm level was loteodcd to bo a ten (741 OSIP, and a Joint inspection of the tative. iatenm standard, to be in edeet plant by OSHA. NIOGH, and the Ken no longer than six month*, during which tucky Department of Labor. & fact-find time the whole question of possible safe ing hearing on possible hamrda Involved exposure to VC would be iccnn.su.'ered with the manufacture and use of VC more fully and In tha light of more In- was announced on January 90. 1974 09 formation, especially results of experi PR 3974) and held on February 13, 1974. ments which were known to be under 9l Carcinogenicity o) YC. Information way at that tunc. produced at this hearlriK demonstrated 4. Additional in/ormalion. On April 15. that exposure of laboratory animals 1S74. information and data wetc pre Cmostly Bpvegue-Dawlcv ratx> to VC by sented Lo representatives of O-SHA. lohalotion at and below the then current NIOfH and the KPA by the IuduMriai OSHA standard of 500 ppm induced Hio-Test Laboratories, Nordibtook. Illi tumors, including angiosarcoma* of the nois. concerning result* of amniAl ex liver. Professor Cesare Mnllonl. of the posure studies with VC. sponsored by the Instituto dl Oneologia, Bologna, Italy, Manufacturing Chcoii.su Association reported on a series of experiments on (MCA). Although only preliminary in the efTcct of exposure of rat*, mice, and nature. Uicsc results revealed that 2 out hamsters to VC at concentrations of of 2Q0 mice exposed to VC eoncenLi aUcms lOJKJOr 6.000: 2,500; 500: 250: and 50 of 50 ppm for 7 hours a day. live d;ivs .v ppm -for varying periods of time (TR- week, for approximately 7 montlis. de 43-63). Some of the expertmenra have veloped anciosarca*zms of the liver. been concluded, and others are still on The Industrial Uio-Test lab data ui- going. The experimental results reported dicatc tluu exposure to VC at 50 ppm were that tumors hare been, observed in may well coiuLitule a serious health haz groups of animals exposed lo VC at con ard to employees. Also, the question of a centrations ns low as 250 ppm. Nb tumors safe level of exposure ler hiuuaus can were observrd In the group of aonnais not be determined at this-iune, and may exposed to VC at a concentration of 50 continue as & matter for scicmide de (Ppm. It oh.o appears that the total num liberation for many years. We therefore ber of tumors, os well as the numbers conclude that it Is now necessary to pro of angiosarcomas of the liver, decreased pose to change the SO ppm level estab an the concentrations of VC were reduced lished In the F7TS to na low' a levci >is can to 250 ppm. Anotncr cxijcrfmcnt by Pro- be detected using metlindolocies outlined fereor Afaltont was reported underway in this proposal. involving *.ho exposure of 300 sr.unals (5) The preposcJ permavcKi tlcndn^d to VC ci concentrations of r.> ppnr, in The n qulremcnt.s for a complete stand order to assess In a more riuftrdxivr way ard under section dfb) of tile Octuya- whether tnat level of exposure produces tional Safety and Health Act of isJTfl tumors in animals. Data reported by arc much marc couiprclier.'ivc tP.m the To.-kei-^sn. Oyen. and Rowe (AmerTcan provisions oi tlur LTS promuiiralcu on Tndustnui Hygiene Association J 22: 254- April 5. The fallowiru; propesaiu an: ic- 381 < ii'Cl > > Indicate tnat expostrre to spou.Mve to the nddiUouai Inlurr.iauou VC at concentrations of 5u ppm fulled to on the cai'Cluoi:`iuc:Ly of VC. nuo rhe Induce t.imors in rats, hamsters, rabbits, requircmenUi of thrt Act. and doss. A. Level oi rrousurc. The p*npn.-. il The employees of the B. F. Goodrich Cl-cmirul Company who died from angio sarcoma ol the liver had an average ex posure of apijroximntcly 19 years to vinyl chloride, at unknown concentrations, ::nd variable exposures to ether volatile standard for employee exposure u; i:t at. no drlrclahle Icvrl. a* tieLcrxuutcd by u ...unpl.ng aud un;UyUeal method ule of dctcrLing vinyl chioridc nt conccui/a* linns of 1 ppm witii un accturmy c-l 1 ppm "50 percent. Although mme bcrui- chemicals. tTR UU). Isomt: einplo*. cos of Uve nii'Uiods may oc avatlaha* row o ::t Union Carbide. Firestone Tire and Jlubl.'cr. luid Gccdycur were also reported in poAt-hciinrig comments u> ijtvo- had cxl*osiirc to u.yl chloride ar.a to have died from Htiglosnivuina of (m* liver. MinJIv. Uic lu.iuc. the ?.ii-tiuxtolofcii.ul i..'ovi<miy piDOuscd appc.us lo be the iuom Irna.oh' niui ucovraliv otadablr. A m?:Aoa r-f Ppuj setLsUiviiv 11'U- been lecorn.i.amlcd to by NiG.SH. To ice utiUip- n*s of lour deceased employees re vealed th.'ir liver nm;in...i:i'unin tumors ViMO lu. luiogicall/ ;ii(!...unuui:.lia0!o [ruin Ur: uiuu-ucuiu Uiu.ors olv.-.'ncd m Hrofts- or Mulloni: cxucrimenl.it Uinmsth. ;t. The f'mcrcenry Temporary Stand ard. On t.>ie basis of all information available at that time. :md the faU Unit entlj|<.yoes wvru belm: <:<;>c-,t'd at UvoU mound the uueiitall { observed ef fort level fJ. 2*n) pum. tni t-jiieiuency 'lYmporoTV H'asdard fl/T.ir wax prcmui- Liimioer of pc: v.is nt r:.-ic. :i is-.'u.cimnr would be < >L*ij.isluM h-r re;v.i'.t where vinyl chiornw ;; :u-':;.;:ac- luj' .L rractrd. imcrl. h.uiiJh'J. r*.'tv.N.-! rcpu^kiiKCd. in' finluuii;i; cp.i.i- lions wU.li polyvmvl ehlurnle rmilutmiiu itctc\ V.iiiUj l*v% Li o,` v)n> 1 rUloriLU <Wccxa to ilu: u:<-;u Mfisl.l be kmitini u o'.nlioiIr vd vmplovec*. B. Muiutortvo. A piO(n.m of im'mlur- Ipg would lw* ri'quired lo t.*r.-J: .h iiiifihcr Lhrn; n/e drtocutli- Irvcn in rrr:ijJulcxl ore:i.s and to permit O^eruumt- (f.-mvl ,in Annf 5, J'i74 <:;y lrii rjn-12) as tion of employee exifoxuin on mi in 29 LT'JC 19)0 UJ<1. 'This standard recJured dividual bftrtln ITovl.ilou umiUI nl-o i<c RSV 0017905 rtoi*L rcistrft. voi. >9, i-<o. 92--*ioAr, mat io. iv?4 PROPOSED RULES 1689: mnric for An opportunity to observe monitoring by employees or their desig nated representatives, us required by sec tion B<c) (3) ol the Act. C. Control methods. Where detectable levels of VC are monitored, two pro grams would be triggered; urv engineer ing and work practice program to reduce levels below detectability; and while this Is on-colng. a respirnlory protection pro gram for employees in the regulated urea. Engineering controls and work prac tices are favored methods of compliance because they tend to avoid contamina tion of the ambient air In the workplace. Accordingly, It is proposed to require the Institution of engineering controls and of workpractlce methods ns soon : feasi ble. and to require the use of respirators pcndinc the institution of such controls, to supplement such controls where they are Insufficient to reduce concentrations of vinyl chloride below the detectable level. In specified work situations, and in cases of emergency. The proposal for continuous flow and pressure demand types of respirators is based on the rec ommendations of NIOSK. which has ob served leakage through chemical car tridge respirators At high concentrations of VC. A requirement would also be estab lished for the provision and w>.c of pro tective clothing for employees In the reg ulated areas. The protective clothing would minimize skin contact with VC vapor, and would provide some measure of protection from splash of liquid in the event of a spill or rupture of equip ment. Food, beverages, and like products would be prohibited In the regulated area. Written operational and ememenry plans would be required, along wiih em ployee training in routine and emergency duties. Specific requirements would be established for emergency actions and for routine maintenance and decontami nation operations, including vessel entry, which are known to presrnt particular hazards. The purposes of operational ami emer gency plans And trainiiu; Me to nupri.se employees of the hazard.-; u winch they may be exposed, of the pi eruptions they must lake to avoid such h.*/..ird>. and to reheHrso employees in the procedures they must follow m enn-np-m-ji'a D. Mrdirul surveillance, C.'umpi Pen sive requirement/! for employee medical examinations are proposed, inrlu.tmr: nc{*s.snry tesbs. Some additional nml- uiue is included lor the two <>t physicians. The proposed requu rmenl:. havr been recommended to O' iA he NIOSII As reasonably flpn: npnal r to de tect Imr dysfunction which inav I>c in dicative of. or predisposing to. 'he de velopment of liver angiosarcoma:- E Itrcnrds and reports. Rreoid.. of monlLuring. medical examination... -uul entry to regulated areas are pn*|iused. with provision for neerv; bv approm iaio OSHA and NIOSII olJlmls /".pecinr pi.- vlxluns for employee access to in,-, records are Included, as well as the re quirement to furnish a cupy of a medical record to an employee's physician on the employee's request. Establishments con ducting VC operations would be required to Identify themselves to OSHA. and to report Incidents (Accidents) resulting in the release of vinyl chloride. Accordingly, pursuant to sections 6'b>. 6<c>, and 8(c) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1593, 1596. 1599; 29 U.S.C. 655. 657). Sec retary of Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 TO 8754 > and 29 CFR Part 1911, it Is here by proposed to amend 29 CFR Part 1910 by revising f 1910,93q as set forth below. Written data, views, and arguments concerning the proposals may be mailed to the Docket Omrer, Docket OSH-36. Room 230. 1726 M Street. N.W.. Occupa tional Safety And Health Administra tion. Washington. D.C. 20210. post' marked not later than June 10. 1974. Pursuant to 29 CFR l'911.li (b) and (c>, interested persons may file objec tions to Uie proposals, requesting an in formal hearing with respect thereto, in accordance with the following condi tions; U) The objections must include the name and address of the objector; (2* The objections must be post marked on or before June 10. 1974; (3> The obicctions must specify the provisions of the proposed rule to which objection is taken. And must state the grounds therefor; < 41 Each abjection must be separately .stated and numbered: And <51 The objections must be accom panied by a summary of the evidence proposed to be adduced at the requested hearing. As revised. 1910.93q would read as follows. [? (VI0.93<[ Vinyl Cliiuride. rn * Scope and application. <]) This 'CCLion applies U> any area or operation im which vinyl chloride <chloroethcne>. C'henbrnl Abstracts Service Registry No. 75015. is manufactured, reacted, re leased. repackaged, stored, or used, in cluding areas and operations involving polyvinyl chloride where detectable levels of vinyl chloride arc released. <2> This section docs not apply to the handling or use of fabricated products mnde entirely or in part of polyvinyl chloride. *t>i Ocflnihnris. (If "Assistant Sccre- l;uv" means the Assistant Secretary of I.nhor for Occupational Safety and Merdi.h. U S Department of Labor or his ilc: iirnec ~*i "Authorized emulovre" moans an employee whose flutin'; require him to be in llin rcriilatcd area :md who has heesi succiiically assudHAi hv the empiovr-r: anti any employee who enters such nn arm as a designated yoprer.rnt ntive of employees to exercise nn opportunity to ol> rrve numltoiPii: and nic.isuruu: of vinvl chloride, ;J' `Closed container" menus nnv container w)4eh prevent.** the release ui vinyl chloride to the environment -i + _"(.'mu iinin.iiid" means capable <d tclcn-atui n detectable level of vinyl chlni ,<Uv (5) "Decontamination" means reduc tion ot vinyl chloride rnncenirntions t*. loss than delectable levels. (6) "Detectable level" menn'an air borne concentration of vinyl chloride measurable by a sampling and analytical method capable of measuring concentra tions of 1 ppm. with an accuracy of' ppm r:50 percent. <7 i "Director" means i in* Director. Ns tlonal Institute-for Occupational S.vfris and Health, or any pej.-n dnecied b\ him or the Secretary of Health. Educa tion. and Welfare to act for the Director `8> "Emergency" means an unfoi>ecu circumstance or set of circumstance.', i osultlng in the release ot vinyl chlut-icw into areas occupied by employees. (9> "Exposure" means acrti.iJ contact with vmyl chloride when unprotected to required personal protective equipment and clothing. (10) "Fabricated product" means a finished product or part of such produ; i made of polyvinyl chloride, entirely or m part, including semifinished products such as film, sheet, block, bar, or extru sion stock. (Ip "OSHA ArcA Director" means the Director for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Area Once liaring jurisdiction over the geographic .im'.'. in which the establishment is located <12> "Polyvinyl chloride" mean? vo*vvinyl chloride" homopolymer or copol ymer before such is converted to a Jbncated produce. (13> "Protective clothing" means clothing protective Against vinyl chlo ride. (lb "Vinyl chloride" means vinyl chloride monomer. (15* "Waste resin" means any resin or other reaction products removed In the cleaning of equipment such ax ves sels Anri piping, ('' Jl>'lerc'irc. Cohere of American Potholoclsts. 230 N. Michigan Avr rincaco Illinois 60601. <4 Kroiifutfrf areas ii A vce.uV.i'eil area shall be established where < i * vn.vl riper trie i-s ipntmfnrlmTfl. rcu.-t'-d . *leased. repackaged, stored, or iitcI- n- <h` pr.lwinvl chloride cnnnbb* of n leasing prieetitble levels of vinvl rhln- ride is manufactured. reacted, relented repackaged, stored, or used (2* Across lo regulated an'as shall be limited lo outhon/.cri employees <3> A dnilv roster of riupU\,.-es enteruu regulated areas shall be marie :.ml maintained. The rosteis. or Minimm wthrienf, shall bo kept fur at least Ji' v';iis. <r- Mnrittiirntn it* Kvrry tvmdubv) aiea shall be mpniioiod fur driecinhle levels of vinyl chloride. Tin* momtonn'T shall assure that am esjioaiie may be dctfrnimed J >i each mil horizon employee with n confi dence lewt of nr> percent. ' 3 Employers or their rtrrikmderl rep resentatives shall be ntloritvd uu oppoe- liiiui y lo observe monltoi me nn.l measur ing reunited by this parnut aph. M' Where exercise of nn oppprlunltv repniri's entry to an area where the u.;e RSV 0017906 n.. r>2 _ \------ io fCOfVAt BfCltltB. VOl. 39. NO. 7J --fBIDAV, MAT 10 1 <*T4 36698 PROPOSED RULES of protective: eiulhinu. equipment. fa (2) Tlier* shall be tests iruuLe for <i) Eincracnrv situations. I > A wilt- cilities, or procedure* 1* required. such process or equipment leaks and for ends* trn operational plan for cnwiucu'v clothing. equipment.. facilities. and pro* olou uf vinyl clUuilslc which may result .'lltiutlon.s shall be devcluped fur cwli ccdurt* tludi Uo provided to ail persona from woikpraullccs. Thu frequency of veptuhtlnl arm CfiUUed to exercise tUe opportunity, at uo these tests siudi be such a* to insure the J) in Uu* nvrnt uf an rmet uf il * . up cost to auy of them. Integrity ui equipment iuul lulhcivncc to LMupiiuto portions id (In- plitn M<ill be UU rersorn exercising the opportu proper workprucUcc*. put Into upemtluu. nity shall be Instructed regarding: g) Respiratory prulrirtiori. (1) A res il) lIu/.aidouN conditions crenli-d by (A) The toxicity and Are btuord of piratory protection progrum in accord the cinvigcncy shall be ehnitn*ud and vinyl chloride: and ance with i 1D10.134 shall be established the aflcctcd area shall bo decontami (B) Tire protective steps and measures and Implemented where respirators are nated prior to the resumption of normal necessary for their protection. required to be used by this section. Operations. (ill) Observers shall be permitted, (3) Respirators shall be used only in It) Special medical surveillance by a without Interference to the persona per cases of emergency and where required physician shall be Instituted within forming the monitoring and measuring, to: (A) Observe all steps and procedures related to the collecting, processing, and evaluation of particular monitoring and .measurement samples; (B) Record quantities and results obtained; (C> Observe the condition of monitor ing and measuring equipment; by any other provision of tins section. Respirators may not be used in lieu of feasible- engineering controls or work- practice methods. (3) Respirators or combinations of respirators for protection against vinyl chloride 6hall be selected from among the following: (1) A positive pressure fidl facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus; (il) A pressure-demand full fnrepiece hours for employees present in the af fected area at the time o( the emergency. uh) Where an employee has u known contact with liquid vinyl chloride such employee shall be rcqutrrd to shower as soon rs possible, unless contraindicated by physical injuries. (lv) An Incident repoit on the emer gency shall be reported os required In porarraph <q>(2> of this section. <3) Each authorized employee sh:U! (D) Receive a demonstration of the self-contained breathing apparatus op be trained in a program relaUng to the calibration and function tests of the erating in Uic pressure-demand mode: hazards of vinyl cliiondc and the pre monitoring and measuring equipment (ill) A combination type "C" pressure- cautions for safe use. performed on site: and demand full facepiece respirator oper <D The program shall Include: E) Examine Instructions and docu ments related to the procedures and equipment for monitoring and measur ing. (4) Accurate and complete records of all required monitoring shall be made and maintained for not less than SO years. Such-a record shall (1) state the date of such monitoring and the levels determined; and (11) Identify the Instru ments and methods used. (f) Engineering controls and workpractice methods. (I) Where detectable levels of vinyl chloride Are measured, immediate protection shall be provided against exposure to vinyl chloride by the use of engineering controls, workproclice methods, and respirators as follow?: (!) Feasible engineering controls and workpractlce method,': shall Immediately bo used to reduce airborne concentra tions of vinyl chloride brlow the detect able level; (M> 'Wherever feasible engineering controls and workpractlce methods which can be Instituted hnuied'atcly are not sufficient to reduce concentrations of vinyl rhlorlde below the dctcrtuoJe level, they shall nonetheless be used to reduce the concentrations to the lowest prac ticable level, and shall be supplemented by means of respirator? in accordance with paragraph tg' of thts section; ating In the pressure-demand mode and a pressure-demand self-contained breathing apparatus operating in the pressure-demand mode: or (Iv) A combination type "C'' continu ous flow respirator and a pressuredemand self-contained breathing ap paratus operating In the pressure-de mand mode. (h) Protective clothing. (1) Employees entering regulated areas shall be pro vided full-body protective clothing, foot wear or shoe covers, and gloves, at no cost to them, and required to wear it while in the regulated area ta) Where polyvinyl chloride powder containing detectable levels of vinyl chloride Is handled, employees shall also be: (1) Provided and required to wear hesdeoverings; (It) Required to remove all protective clothing at each exit from the regulated area: and (ill) Required to shower after the last exit of the day. (3) Clean protective clothing shall be provided whenever contaminated or .soiled, but not less frequently than weekly. Contaminated clothing shall be decontaminated before reuse by removal for laundering or disposal. (A> The nature of Lite fire hazard and the necessary protective steps: (D) The nature of (he toxic hazard. Including local and systemic efievts. acute and chronic eilccts Including specifically the carcinogenic hazard; (C) Tlie specific nature of operations which could result In exposure to vuiyi chloride, and necessary protective steps; (D) The purpose for and *: plication of the medical surveillance procram: <E) Tlie purpose for and application of decontamination practices: (F> Tlie purpose for and significance of emergency practices and procedures; (G> The employee's specific role under normal operating or emergency condi tion.*:; <H> Specific information to aid the employee in recognition and evaluation of conditions and situations which may result in tlie rclrose of vinyl chloride: <I> The purposo for and application of specific first aid procedures and prac tice*; (J) A review of this standard at'the employee's first training and Indoctri nation program and annually iherrnfter. <it) All materials relntuu: to the pro gram shall be provided upon ivqie*-i in authorised representatives of (he Assist ant Secretary nnd the Director. <k) Sians and labels, ill Eniranrrs io regulated arenashall be posted with si^ns (ill > Wherever no feasible engineering control or workpractlce method run be Instituted Immediately, Immediate res piratory prolecllon shall be provided In arrnrdmirc with paragraph (g) of Ihlr. sccLion; and U) //valeric facilities and yrarliccs. (j) Where employees ere rrqulnd by tills fccctlon to wear protective clothing and equipment, change rotmi-; .shall bo provided In accordance with | 1910.141(c). bearing tlie legend: CANrcn-snsprcT aotnt Anr.\ .UTUOniZfO !TU.-nNsn, ONf.Y t2) Areas containing operations cov ered in paragraph fk) (IH4) of this sec f lv) in any rase covet erl by pnrngrnph (f)(1) (ID or (till of Uds section, the cmulnvrw sJndl also undrrrnke as soon n.-. <2> Where employees arc required by thin Hcellon to shower. wow*v lacUlUc* ;.| i ;t 11 be prmlilrd lit uccordame with tion shull be ported with signs bearing the b'gcnti: CANt l-ai-WIlSPL'CT AORNT IN TICIA AH f'.K practicable n program to rrdurc airborne cnne.enlratlnns of vinyl rhlorlde Ivlow llor flflr-iMile level, nr to tlie irreutest ) 1910.MUdi -3). 13) Storage--or consumption of toad or bevei ages, storage ur u.c oC .r-iui>long IDl.t, l.Ml't.UVtiHls Allf-P'JIM'LIKU J.OblP- Mi-:rrr nroranm Atn iJOUI7.ti3 J'kJUXJSNfcX ONl.Y extent (euslble, solely bv means of enid- or non-tood chewing pruduclK. and the `Hi ('ontnhiiTs of wa-.tc or other ma nrerlmr controls and workpractlce meth .storage or application of rosnieilrs ore terial:? contaminated with vinyl clUorhte ods and ns soon os feasible. prohibited in regulated turns. shall bo labeled: RSV 0017907 FCOOAl HCDItR, VOt. 39, NO. 9]--FIIOAY, MAY 10. 1974 PROPOSED RULES 1689$ VINYL CHLORIDE CONTAMINATED MATERIAL CANCER-BU3PECT AGENT DISPOSE OF OR DECONTAMINATE OSINCI AUTHORIZED PRECOURE3 (4) Containers of polyvinyl chloride i II i When vessels are to be entered, all piping to such vessel shall be: <A> Opened, blanked and tagged: or (B) Where welded piping is in use. not less titan 2 valves in series, which isolate the vessel from any other connection to (I) Alcohol intake; <U> Past history of hepatitis: (lli> Past exposure to potential hepatoloxic agents. Including drugs ar.c chemicals: <lvi Past history of blood transfu containing delectable levels of vinyl such line, must be closed and secured. sions; and chloride shall be labeled: <U1> No employee shall enter a vessel, (vi Past history of hospitalizations. POLTVTNTL CHLORIDE CONTAINS VENTL CHLORIDE except when another employee properly t3> At the time of initial employment trained and equipped for entry* is pres or upon Institution of screening, a serum VINTL CHLORIDE IB A ent and Is observing the employee in the specimen shall be obtained for screening CANCER-SUSPECT AOSNT ABSORBED HY DREATHINO AND THROUGH SKIN vessel. The observer shall have means with respect to the following bic-chemi for signalling for help in the event the cal determinations of liver function: employee experiences problems. Under <11 Total bilirubin: (6> Containers of vinyl chloride shall be labeled: VINYL OHIORIDS DANdER EXTREMIST FLAMMABLE OAS UNDER PRESSURE such conditions, the observer shall sig nal for help, and shall not enter to assist the employee until another person Is present to observe. <tn) Transportation loading and un loading. U) Facilities for the loading (II) Alkaline phosphatase: (III) Serum glutamic oxalacetlc trans aminase (SOOT); <lv> Serum glutamic pyruvic trans aminase (SOFT): and iv) Comma glustamyl transpeptidase MAT POLYMERIZE WITH EXPLOSIVE FORCE POISON CANCER SUSPECT AGENT AND ANESTHETIC ABSORBED BT BREATHTNO AND THROUGH SKIN (6) No statement shall appear on or near any required sign, label or instruc tion. which contradicts or detracts from the effect of any required warning, in and unloading of vinyl chloride to and from containers shall have each transfer line and vapor-equalizing line equipped with vent connections, and shall have an Inert gas purging system. Vent and purge effluent shall be returned to a proc ess stream or flared in a safe location. (2) Procedures shall be developed and Implemented for the transfer of vinyl ehlortde. Written copies of such proce dures shall be provided employees en (GGTP). (4> Additional tests that may option ally be considered for use in screening include: (i> Lactic dehydrogenase; <11> Senim protein determinations: (III) Serum protein electrophoresis; and (Iv) Platelet count. !5)Laboratory analyses for all biologi cal specimens included In medical exam formation or Instruction. gaged in such operations, and such em Cl) Maintenance and decontamina ployees shall be fully trained and IT- tion. (1) Emphasis shall be placed upon hearsed in all procedures. Immediate clean up of spills, periodic in spection, prompt repair of equipment and leaks, and proper handling, storage and disposal or decontamination of materials to prevent airborne contamination and accidental skin contact with vinyl chlo ride. Waste materials, equipment, and other sources of vinyl chloride In closed containers, may not be placed in areas of excessive temperature or sunlight since build-up of internal pressure may result Jn rupture of the container, fire or explosion. (2) Waste resins or other materials contaminated with vinyl chloride shall be placed In closed containers pending dis posal or decontamination. (3) Appropriate procedures shall be developed and implemented for the de < 3 > Employees engaged In transfer op erations shall be provided with and required to wear respirators In accord ance with paragraph ig) of this section. (n) Polymer handling operations. (1) Containers of polyvinyl chloride releas ing detectable levels of vinyl chloride shall be opened and transferred only under local exhaust ventilation which reduces the concentration of vinyl chlo ride below the detectable level. (2) Hot operations, such as but not limited to milling, calendering and ex truding. which release detectable levels of vinyl chloride, shall be carried on only under local exhaust ventilation which reduces the concentration of vinyl chlo ride below the detectable level. contamination or disposal of all such <o> Medical surveillance. Not later waste material. than --------------------- 1974. a program (4) In maintenance or repair opera tions on contaminated--systems or equipment. Including vessel entry, em ployees engaged In such operations shall be (1) provided with and required to wear and use a whole-body ulr-supplied suit Impervious to vinyl chloride, and n respirator in accordance with purugruph (g) of this section; and (JU required to shower after removing protective equip ment. of medical surveillance shall be insti tuted. and shall provide each authorized employee with on opportunity for ex aminations in accordance with this para graph. All medical examinations and procedures shall be performed by or under the supervision of a Mcrnsed Doctor of Mcdlrine iMD) or Doctor of Osteopathy <DO>. AU medlrnl examina tions and tcsLa shall be provided without cost to the employee. (Sj Protective clothing and equipment <1) At the time of Initial employment, shall be clean and dry for each use. or upon Institution of screening, a physi (G) When vessels or piping systems are cal examination shall be performed with opened local exhaust ventilation shall be specific attention to detecting enlarge provided to remove the escaping vapor ment of liver or spleen by abdominal from all occupied areas. palpation. inations shall be performed in labora tories accredited by the College of American Pathologists or licensed under 43 CFR Part 74. (6) If the results of screening required In paragraph <o)i3) of this section are norma), screening shall be repeated: <D Every six months for employees who have been employed in vinyl chlo ride related operations for 10 years or more: and (ii) Annually for all other employees entering regulated areas. (7> If one or more liver function tests performed are abnormal, serum testing shall be repeated ns soon as petiole, preferably within two to four weeks. If no abnormalities arc present upon rescreening, serum testing shall be re pented In three months. (8) If abnormalities persist upon rescreening. the employee shall be wishdrawn from nrras where contact wun vinyl chloride is possible, and an ir.dn idunllzed medic:U workshop shall be in stituted. Suxcested as initial steps are a complete physical examination and \nous special procedures such ns hi'pimi-i B antisen determination amt liw*r .v-mnlng. If liver function abnommlltir* me determined to be unrelated to liver dt>en.se. the employee may be permuted to return to vinyl chloride-related iMupiov. ment. subject to individual nu'du.d evaluation. 191 A complete and ncrunili* record <*: the resuJLs of medical examinations shad be made and maintained for the dumllon ol employment plus five years, or for 20 years, whichever Is lonprr. tp) Accords, (l) Records of monitm- t7) (1) Vessels to be entered shall first <2> At the time of Initial employment Ing and measuring, medical records and bo ventilated and monitored so that the ronecut ration of vinyl chloride is reduced to a level within the protection factor capability of the protective equipment. or upon InstrtTJTlon or screening, and an nually thrrcaltcr. a medical history checklist shall be completed by the em ployee. Tills list shall include question* concerning: regulated area entry rosters uttd summnrin, shall be made available for ex amination and copying m>on request to nulhurlxcd represcntnfivrs of the Assist ant Secretary and the Director. reoeiAt RFGimt, vol 39, no. vj--Friday, may 10, 1974 RSV 0017908 16900 ttOPOSED KUUS (3) In the event that the employer censes to do business and there Is no sueeewor to receive and retain his records for the prescribed period, these record* shall be transmuted by registered mall to the Director, and each employee indi vidually notified In writing of this transfer. (3) Employees and their designated representatives shall be provided access (Sks (b). (), and (>. M StaC ISM. 1S0S. 1S90 (30 QS.C. SOS. 4S7); Besvtary orf Labor'* Order No. 13-71 (3S XB.17M)) Slimed st Washington. D.C. this Cth day at May, 1974. John Snnn. Assistant SccTtLary of Labor. int Doc.74-10748 Filed S-fr-74;S:4 un| to examine and copy records of monitor ing and measuring. (41 Piii'imr employees shall be pro vided acces to examine and copy records reflecting their own exposures. <5> Upon written request of any em ployee. a copy of the medical record of such employee shall be furnished to a physician designated by the employee In such request. (q) Reports. (1) Not later than the following information shall be reported to the OSHA Area Director. Any change in such information shall be reported to the OSHA Area Director within IS days of such change. (I) The address and location of each . establishment which has one or more regulated areas; and (II) The number of employees in each regulated area during normal operations. Including maintenance. (3) Incidents which result In the re lease of vinyl chloride Into any area where employees may be exposed shall be reported In accordance with this para graph. (1) A report of the occurrence of the incident and the facts obtainable at that time Including a report on any medical treatment of affected employees shall be made within 24 hours to the OSHA Area Director. Ml) A written report shall be filed with the OSHA Area Director within IS calendar days thereafter and shall In clude: (A) A specification of the amount of material released: (B) A description of the area Involved and the extent of known and potential employee exposure and area affected: (C) A report on any medical treat ment of affected employees and any medical surveillance program imple mented; and <D) An analysis of the circumstances of the incident, and measures taken or to be taken, with specific completion dates, to avoid further similar releases. t3> Upon completion of any monitoring nnd mrnKurinR which discloses that nny employee hns actually been exposed to detectable levels of vinyl chloride, each such employee shall be individually noti fied In willing. The notice shall: `I i Be delivered not later than 10 working days nflrr completion of Lite mouJLortnc and measuring; tilt State (lie actual exposure In terms of concentration and lime: and <IU> State the steps which have been taken, are belnp taken, and will be taken.' with specific completion dates, to termi nate the exposure and prevent a recur rence. RSV 0017909 ,FEDERAL REGISTER, VOl. 39 NO. 93--MICAT. MAf 10, 19?4