Document Y9wb8bMmvnb50GzMD16oEbDVK

FILE NAME: CERAMICS (CER) DATE: 1936 DOC#: CER008 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Journal Article Abstract - Silicosis and the Minerals Causing It JIRES: CERAMIC ABSTRACTS Compiled by The Am erican Ceramic Society R o ss C. P urdy, E ditor M ajo j . R adclttre F u n y C. Van Sc so ic e D orothy J T urner . > Assistant! Committee on Publications: J . D SuixrVAN, Chairman, R G. C o w an . T A Ku n e f e l t e r , R F Sh brw o o d , R C. P urdy Volume 15,1936 ry A b * K ta n ' Abde Ally, J. B Austin. A A A> ars. Rudolf Barta, M H Bcrns, Arthur Bevaui. L. T. Brownmiller, W. H. Bruckner. Peter Budmkoff and E. Stefanowsky, J. C. Chaston. P. T. Clark, W. M. Cohn, M. V. Condoide. Maurice D elanjre, R. U D e f e r s , A. H. E m j, W F. Fiete. W. D. Foster. J.'L . QaUup, J. D. Gat, M as Hartenheim , M. J. Hausm an, F. G. Heck, K A Heindl, E. B. H ew itt, G. M. H u tl, H erbert Inaley, C. B. Jenni, Seiji Rondo, E. H. McCleUand, S I Perkal, F. P. Peters, G. M . Petersen, C. J. Phillips, J. G. Phillips, R. H . H . Pierce, Jr., Alexis Pincus, R. F, Rea, K atherine Reed, F. R enaud. H. K. Richardson, R. W . iRyan A. J M. C. Shaw, G. R. Shelton, H. E. Simpson. A. P. Som. J. H Steijerw ald. H . H Stephenson, B. H. Strom , L. E. Thiess, GUbert Thiessen, E. J. Vachuska, F. E Vaerewyck, J. M . V, arde, F. J. Z v acu t. Editorial Offset: 2525 North Hi*h Street, Columbus, Ohio. Publication O ficc 20'h and Northampton Streets. Easton, Pa - ' > ' " '-'-TV r od* : - g " C X , ~ ? /' Y .,t - - 7^ T . c: M gO , - u,i The kJ(, -*:** ? l" n * : : -` : '-"i *i to lOQ^ Mrr up '.o 3 r Jr t *, 22Qr - ' rsc 'C~ due a tta c k Oy hti , iC-c: j 5 j *C^ !* J C , but c* fhed the surU^ 'o p e r . f / a ' ioa ^ - ] L G M .. ; ' - . d.fana^. ' , --Quality a * m v t c a ' s ACUj j ' r" . i ' l "s w b f T i ' i*> n e e c e d TW c c ,\ <l o! quaitfj here a n i w halt in spe ctin g -he a- 7 lavout of .--a ;'.on, Y; m u 'O-^ cf luspeetK* T L G. strr ; \ ail -a ssu m ation of so- * , w a :e r conten, ? `oT v '.e appB- ' 1 Cenoecula- ', fn tteu e n an e h . *n cf glazes, (5) j r u . 'ac'im e of re .' - a -- Urna v '7 Kf pi i. Foe 2 9 1 - 9 2 19 Jo b'.-g-er.iit, deha "-al elastic lunj \:c Drought aboc< p a r,.:c,es of frt* rr,e T his broas '.c re as e in lu n g el* t ,, 'x"*c ulos.s N*` mt the ! o - s ui Ur . . c: 'he !:nuii <* u c- .ooseO'p* 7 be secondary - * h . J . ac ts tc - factor i _-o"Ceff* - P - - foot ct c ' cv- Utnfro. 4 4 srg'- ed to co use s .. ,ccs.s ati.e to enter the tins i t sacs of m mera /imposition of ie Gust v>11h qu art: s c o n s t '' r. !, a r,C 4 ' 1crrngtn of time exposed \ ra1 ealth hazards o: a particular -- -an oe mads .mjv after considering the pr.ys.ca. cor.- 1 ( _< , y e ^ ar.t. the p r oc es s es and m ater ials , du tie s of employees, their previous medical and occupational " \ ntSl the four exposure factors listed, and the medical ,,Ji,,g5 or. e m p lo y e e s T his last should inclu de a thor- c ^ diSbOry and e x a m in a t io n of the c h e s t , w it h stereo- ~ . X-ray films M edical m eth ods of prevention m , ^ preernployment examinations with chest films, pe- LJ.-,c e xam inations w ith c h e s t films, and p la c e m e n t of err.- mees iccording to the results of th ese exam in atio ns a-.r^cer mg preven tion mcludes rr.airing dust analy ses, -ating the efficiency of p r o te c tiv e devic es, and com par in g wc 'ofcr mation g am e d w it h the est a b li s h e d cri teria T he "O'ection used may take the form of protection for mdi- -,--,cual em plo ye e s or of c on trol cf the dust partic le s T he -- auuremen: of the rem ain in g hazard is not conc erne d o-' h what the p r o t e c t s e d e v ic e s take a w a y but rather with remains for the worker to breathe Ili-strated " '' * JLG Steel prepares to m eet new opportunuGes. V G 'crx .Vu.'icnb B u s in e s s . p 22 .M ar c h, 1934) -- N u m e -- examples of the applications of stainless steels, sheet eels, and im p rove d w e ld in g m e t h o d s are giv en, and t is . "own how thes e a d v a n c e s have lead the ste el in dus try, z* business barom ete r, back to w ard b e lte r *imes / PTC * Views on s ibcosii. W E C o o ^ E J o u - H y p m e . 35 J 237-1 S { 1935) -- It is c la im e d th at th e con s en su s of 'pinion is th a t the c h e m ic a l action of free silica plays re ma;or part m the p r o d u c t io n of silicosis T he th eo ry : V. R Jones th a t s e n c i t e and not free silica is the cause s.l,costs is discredited T h e size of the partic les is tm:rant only on account of their effect on the solubility '-.arp and angular particles do not necessarily cause res- 'atorv disaOibty Pneumonocomosis from asbestos may - Cue to the li b er ati on of free silica from so lu ti on of as* ' Jos m tissue fiuids N o e x p la n a t io n is giv e n for the im* icosis of some workers under adverse con G H A echoes Ceramic Data Book and Catalcgt. Sth ed Industrial ~J cations, I n c , Chicago, 1935 339 pp N o charge co edition carries 80 pages of well-illustrated advertise* u o ea ch of w h ic h c o n ta in s inform ati onal m a t te r of -e io every' c er am ist T h e se SO pages of adv e r ti sin g -'e not by any m e a n s of small v a iu e , th e y are sources of ` Jm- .ation There* are 44 pages d e v o t e d to a review of Vcrature with bibliographies on enamel, whiteware, **"- refractories, and st r uc tu r al clay p r o c - c t s and pro - n o n There are TVT pages d e v o te d to a c o m p il a tio n "b s , charts, dehnitions. and data which are frequently Forty-bvc pages are dev o te d to ceramic raw m a t e Eleven pages are devoted to formulas and calcula- Whil e ^om.c of the m ater ial cf this e ighth edition N-t^'s m the prcv.ous edit:or. a g eat of it is new, .ou t r.ese t^.- a . . a b l e and fa r .v e x h a u s tiv e reierer.ee w .rks or. ceramic s R o s s C P.'jtRv ox C era m ic E n g in e e r in g I N gemeria Zeramica T 'A G a p -, l , C o lu m b u s . Ohio a pp , 11 ffgs T his smal. ou.le r, discustcv cri ers k d c s , etc , and is w r it te n for the r e e c s of the cia yw orker in L a tin - A m e n c a c countries It c o n tains an im p ro v e d de s ig n of a c h a m b e red c o n tin u o u s kiin especially suitable for the prevailing capacities and re quirements of the Spanish and Portuguese South This kiln permits the finng of all structural and other w are, e n abling Sashing. salt-glazing, etc An appendix contains a table of pyrom etn c cones and other vital data relative to the conversion from the English to the metric .Spanish, system T V, G Chemical E ngineering Catalog 20th annual ed R e m h o ld P u b li s h in g Corp , N e w Y ork, 1935 S63 pp Pncc S3 00 The publishers have cnce more rendered valuable service to the m d u stn e s in the issuance of this book The technical and scientific x>ok section of 50 pages is alone w o r th the price of this ca ta lo g "'he many equipment and instrument concerns have furnished 8 pages of condensed alphabetized and indexed catalog, thus pr ov idin g a h a n d y ref erence boo*: It ha.s a separat e i n dex of the laboratory and reagent chemicals R o s s C P up dv Chemical Guide Book, 1935. Chemical Markets Inc , N e w York, 1935 c03 pp F r e e $2 00 R ev iew ed in C r o m .4^e, 26 -4] l o 9 (1 935 ) F G H Dynamic Economic. Theorebcai and Stabrccai Shidies of D em and, ProducGon, and Prices. (M o n o graph of the Cowles Commission for Research in E c o c o m i c s . N o 1) C haju.es F r e d er ic k R oos P m c i p i a Press, Bloomington. Ind , 1934 2 7 j pp F r e e 17 5. A good genera! descr ip tion of this boo*: bv the l o m . c r E,- rector cf R e se a r ch and Pla nn in g of 'h e N R - 4. :t fo - n d t , the ffrst sente nce of his preface 'Ir 1929 I de c .c e d -o refrain from publishing reseauch papers ir econom ics ur.t.l I had a sufficient number to ;ust.:> the publication of a bo ok which would relate thes e researches to each oth er ar.d to my earlier papers " Unfortunate!/, R has net quite succeeded in all he set out to do. for in spite of certa m points of correlation between the chapters they remain a colle ct ion of research studi es lacking uj contin uity and un eve n q u alit y, the more m a t h e m a tic a l ones being, ;n ge.. eral, superior to the others This is pa rtly due to the fact th at, like Adfred Marshall whom he quotes, R obvio usly thinks' `m u ch more ea sil y m m a t h e m a t ic s than m En glish ' His text is c o t well finished and is so m etim es w ordy, as in the case cf C hapter I, in w hich he takes 12 pages to develop the concept of "dynamic economics ` which must be clear to anyone who is c o m p e t e d to under stand what follows There is also a tendency to overwork certain sym bols w-hich occasional'y leads to confus*cn For example on page 196, reference is made to the letters .-1 , B , and C w ith o u t further c o m m e n t e xce p t th at th e y are "described in the preceding c h a p t e r " winch m turn seems to conta in several kinds of A 's, B 's, a n c C 's In regard to s ub ject m atte r, R . w hose m.a ite --aMcal e q u ip m e n t is im p re s siv e and b e y o n c qu es ti on , has a,,- tem p led to provndc a 1 basis fo- 1 ror.omic :r so doing has f'-ecuc- M ic e ' Ceramic Abstracts Vol. |.*). N o. s lOoll Jam es P ast. Richard P ass. Butt. A wer. Ceram. Soc.. The group visited the Lnivursity-Instituie for Occupational 15 (ti| 220-23 (193(51. Diseases, the State Porcelain Works, the Siemens Plant New regulations (or mine police in anthracite coal areas (sandblast-polishers), and the Berlin industries having a in Germany. Schurmann. Zentr. Gewerbe)tyg. Unfallver silicosis risk (silica paint works and cosmetic and scouring htung, 22, 164 (Aug.-Sept.. 1935).--S.. silicosis expert powder manufacturers). Dr. I'dluft. the geologist, talked (Stettin), comments on the new regulations (or mine on the minerals whose dusts cause silicosis and pointed out police (.Glckauf, p. 773 (1935)) in hard-coal areas (upper their occurrence in the terrain around them. Prof. Jdtten, Breslau, Bonn, Dortmund), showing emphatic instructions Government Research Laboratory for Industrial Diseases. for the technical security of industrial workers, who must Munster, reported his results on "D ust research upon ex be sa(eguarded in every possible way from mechanical in perimental animals." At the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute juries, from customary illness, and from occupational dis for Physiological Research in Dortmund. G. Lehmann dem eases. The campaign against silicosis through prevention onstrated his work on the efficiency of the nose in dust of dust in boring operations is particularly provided for. filtration. At the Silicosis Symposium, in session at the K.R. Bochum mines, silicosis experts discussed the pathology Organization and work of laboratories (or the study of and clinical course of silicosis and the miners' susceptibility ceramic materials in France. W. De Kevser. Vtrre i f to it in that region. In Dsseldorf Dr. Lochtkemper Silicates In i., 7 [10| 116-19 (1936).--The essential points showed an X-ray series illustrating silicosis in its several of the organization of the Institute for French Ceramics phases and in different occupations. The ceramic indus and the Official Laboratory of the Syndicate of Manufac tries were studied in Frankfurt-am-Main, where slipware turers of Ceramic Products in France are discussed briefly. porcelain, technical appliances, and dentures are made. /. M.V.C. Silicosis and the minerals causing it. E. L. Middleton and W. R. Jones. Foundry Trade Jour . 52 |969| 191 92 (1935).--Silicosis was discussed before the Southern Section of the Institute of Vitreous Enamelers in London. Silicosis is found among the Elb stone-workers. Dr. Brandt, industrial physician of the vicinity, and Prof Saupe at their clinic reported on silicosis and asbestosis in Saxony. Dr. Siegmund, Kiel, spoke on his research on colloidal silicic acid. ic.R. M. (Medical Inspector of Factories) dealt with the disease Training of a chemical engineer. R. K. M urphy. Jour itself and J. discussed the minerals which cause it. Australian Chem. Inst., 1 |4 | 109-25 (1936).--American. H.E.S. Silicosis prevention in the porcelain industry. Hart mann. Zentr. Gewerbehyg. UnfallverhiUungr 22, 141-50 (Sept., 1935).--Closely descriptive pages on porcelain manufacture told in narrative sequence deserve a separate abstract. The entire paper carefully translated would make good required reading for pottery amateurs or ce ramic apprentices. Dust dangers unload with the masses of raw material, rich in silica and its compounds. The worker may be safer by dampening down the dusts or sucking it away at the point of origin. Here Hartmann, as engineer, asserts himself. Actual pictures are reproduced from holes, corners, floors, and ceilings, showing desirable and undesirable appliances and place-location of workers; ventilators below that should be above, or else in reverse activity. The 1934 protective regulations of the Engineer ing Insurance Assn, are submitted like solemn command ments. Hartmann emphatically urges ceramic cleanli ness. Floors, machines, ceilings, the air itself, can not be too often cleansed, scrubbed, wiped, polished, ventilated, or blown away, to suit his ceramic-medical ideal. As he contemplates continuous droppings and scatterings from beginning to end of the work-cycle, arising and re-arising in ever finer and drier dust-clouds, whirling as in a dance of death, he almost shouts above the roar and clatter, "Ceramic dust is not Fate--it is criminal slovenliness." European, and Australian methods are compared. - H.H.S. What to do after the flood. G. A. Van Brunt. Factory Management i f Maintenance, 94 (4| 144-45, ad. p. .52 (193(1).--Bearings should be emptied, silt cleaned out. and grease or oil removed with solvents. Motors and trans formers should be dried out and insulation checked by re sistance tests. Meters should be returned to the maker. Gears and transmission chains should be cleaned. Rubber and waterproof belts need only to be cleaned and the sur face dried. Leather belts must be cleaned and then dried very slowly under a coating of belt dressing or oil. Foun dations. floors, and roofs should be checked and repaired where needed. Illustrated. See Ceram. Abs., 15 (1! 46 (1936). J .l .G. Why and how an engineer can help clay products plants. Ernest W. Knapp. Brick Clay Rec., U (4) 147-48 (1936).--Many plant failures and inefficiencies are due to faulty design. The application of common sense, practi cal engineering skill to the remodeling and rebuilding of plants and equipment would' help improve the quality of the ware and reduce costs now often exorbitant. K. cites personal remodeling of a drier to reduce costs and secure better operation. The advantages of properly operated updraft kilns are also cited. E.J.V. K.R. J Swedish Commission visits Germany. Anon. Zentr. new journal Gewerbehyg. Unfallverhtung, 22, 204 (Nov., 1935); also in Aerttl. Sachter. Ztg., 41, 324 (Dec. 1. 1935).--A Swedish delegation from the Royal Insurance Society toured Ger many to study research methods and practical aspects of the current campaign against dusts causing silicosis. In Berlin, Dr. Bauer, the Reich's Labor Ministry's medical ad visor, spoke on "Damages sustained in severe silicosis." Annals of S dencs. (Quarterly.) Edited by D. McKje. Harcourt Brown, and H. W. Rosinson. Taylor 5c Francis, London. Price 6s 3d. quarterly, or 1 per an num, post free. Vol. 1, No. 1, Jan.. 1936. Reviewed in Discovery, 17 [1941 58 (Feb., 1936).--This is a quarterly review of the history of science since the Renaissance. H.H.S. 1 New Zeal : Butcher. i Price 7s od I I ' Technical ( Sat. C om I \vi -f- 35S p ' S5 U3 |:J4J ard English i of gaseous. * fuel, eeticr j scope are ! j and riuid rio ! gases, and ; j those metal: ; construction j gist. A sho ) ish Standarc i i n s 1936 General 349 11 i urn I cy rm -, a.Le | 15 At na te &TCX. / l- of 'Utxn ti of is m j. fOJES cay ngrr ,abie .v e n - 3rot>- n of Softening of vitrified material. Eduard R_encxxr Ann Chim , 4, 523-66 (1935); abstracted m Chem. Zenit., u, 421 (1936).--The relationship between the transforma tion point and incipient softening of vitrified materials was studied See Ceram Abs , 13 (10] 255 (1934). M.V.C. Studies on aluminium oxide by means of electronic ray. E B elwe Z Phyuk, 100 (3) 192-96 (1936).-- When alumina is exposed to electronic rays, interference lines are obtained which allow conclusions to be drawn re garding its structure. Two types of alumina were ex amined: (1) alumina made by an electrolytic oxidation, and (2) alumina made by the oxidation of metal foil in a flame Electrolytic alumina consists of a very finely crys talline 7-alumina. Alumina made in the flame consists of the usual coarsely crystalline form with crystals of metallic aluminium interspersed in it. L.T.B. System K .O-PbO -SiO,. R. F. Geller and E. N. B unting. Jour Research Sat. Bur Stand., 17 [2J 2/7-39 (1936); R.P. 911. Price 5*.--The system was investi gated by means of well-known methods involving quench ing, petrographic examination, and healing curves. Five ternary compounds were identified optically in the system K ,0 SiOi-PbO-SiOi, and the compositions of four of these were established. The first, crystallizing as hexagonal plates with a melting point at 918flC, is uniaxial negative, and the opuc axis is perpendicular to the cleavage. The and preparation, (2) fluosilicic acid, its properties and production, and metallic sdicofluorides. (3) metallic fluorides and double fluondes; (4) analysis of hydro fluoric and fluosilicic acid and their metallic salts; (5) uses of hydrofluoric and fluosilicic acids and their metallic salts The last part deals with the use of these materials in the glass industry Numerous patents are mentioned. M.V.C. Microgas Analyi and It Application (Die Mikrogas analyse und lhre Anwendung). H ein rich Schwarz. Emil Haim and Co , Vienna and Leipzig, 1935 286 pp. Price (paper) 21 Rm , (linen) 22 80 Rm Reviewed in In i. ng. Chem . News Ed., 13 [6 ] 116-17 (1935). F .G H . Theory of Emuliions and Their Technical Treatment. W illiam C layton. J. and A. Churchill, London, 1935. 459 pp Price 25s Reviewed in Trans. Faraday Soc , 32 16) 972 (1936).--The very large technical literature on emulsions has been incorporated. There is an equally thorough treatm ent on colloid mills, bomogemzers, and the manifold devices used for de-emulsification, inversion of emulsions, and multiple emulsions. G R S patents Alkaline triiodium phoiphate. Howaad Adler (Victor Chemical Works). U. S 2,050,249, Aug 11, 1936 (Apnl HOC, second, crystallizing as well-defined fibers or laths, melt 9. 1934). ing at 779C, and resembling a short-fibered asbestos when Method of producing perailicate of increased Ubility i . crushed, has the optic axis parallel with the longitudinal with high content of hydrogen peroxide or ctive oxygen. . eE- axis The third is positive biaxial and crystallizes as rec F. K ra uss. Brit. 452,144. Sept. 2. 1936 (Dec 15,1933). maa- tangular, platy granules of parallel extinction -,'hich melt Proce for m aking sodium alum nate. 0 A. Olsen . io.t ' i \ at 757C. The fourth is pUtv, melts incongruently at U. S 2,052,486. Aug 25. 1936 (Feb. 5, 1934). A process 735C, and is very unstable. 'I*.: crystalline phase of un for making sodium alumnate comprises adding sodium determined composition apparently melts incongTuently hydroxide to an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate, at about 750C to form glass and SiO* Unfortunately, adding substantially anhydrous alcohol, removing sodium it- all the glasses examined (which otherwise held promise of sulfate from the alcoholic solution of sodium alumnate, ns of usefulness as glazes) on heating and cooling undergo vol and separating the sodium aluminate by distillation s per- ume changes so great as to preclude their use on clayware P m c e u of treating zinc oxide. H ugo R einhaxd (Wil Tfae \ as now manufactured, with the exception of certain ' high helm Gnllo Handelsges m b H ) U S 2,053,249, Sept 1, .*ntra- silica'' and "high talc" wall tile < -A.H 1936 (June 20, 1934). The method of producing zinc small Thermal decoxnpoiition of kaolin and th ' competition* oxide comprises vaporizing zinc metal by boiling in an ex sohi- issuing from it under higher temperature!. 0 F Honus ternally heated muffle, burning the vapors within a com of the Sicvivo, p. 387 (1935). ^ B bustion chamber in the presence of a quantity of oxygen- . Is a containing gas sufficient to oxidize the vapors and to con rou$;h B oots vey the oxidized product to a precipitation zone, and v e s LO ; B. zylexie lid , -ig. I t . -actcr- Jed m Hydrofluoric and Fluotilicic Acida and Their Metallic Salta: Vol. 24 (Flussaure, Kieselflus'saure und deren MetaLlsalUe) Oskar Kauscb. Enke's Library of Chemistry and Technique. Edited by Ludwig \ anino. 438 pp. Reviewed in Glashultc, 66 [20] 349 (1936); Sprtchsaal, 69 [24] 352 (1936).--The following topics are simultaneously retarding the flow and the rate of cooling of the resultant fumes within the range from 800 to 500C. Treatment of clay*, etc. W illiam F eldenheimxr U. S 2,053,329, Sept 8, 1936 (Aug 23, 1935). In the treatm ent of clays, etc., to improve their color, the step comprises treating the clay in the wet state with a soluble ` discussed. (1) hydrofluoric acid, its properties, formation, chromous salt. , even uajkrt- General I H. 'R-FTTB. hod U a mixn ca ses sample epara H Filtration of air in foundries. O. T h . K o ritn ig Cies- serri, 23 (12] 295-98 (1936) --The hygienic and economic harmfulncss of the dusts in foundries is pointed out, and means for removal by filtering or electrical precipitation and the respective advantages of these methods are dis cussed M.H Health hazards in induitry. T N F eatonby Jrur Australian Chem. Inst., 3 [7] 199 (1936) --Most important of industrial hazards is inhalation of very' fine dusts, es pecially siliceous dusts, although Pb attacks most dange.ously on the respiratory tract. Accident proneness (25% of workers being in 75% of accidents) is noted A bibli ography of the Australian Commonwealth Dept of Health service publicaiions on the subject is attached H H S