Document Y9jgjmg2XvedpEq9DK78vVbXO

LEAD ~^/s^ycYs?Ay>;/^ s<syyya/t<?/. VOLUME THIRTEEN ^ K sat v One o! `he ',ia'1> 01 , jeep in lceland . ,, are being - Lead i-s ^ P' i..^a baItery c`ane I? York H. N- Y' kssoctato New Lead-Base Bearing Metals Effecting Substantial Savings of Tin LTHOLGH lead-base alloys con for lining with lead-base bearing Ataining little or no tin have been metal vary to suit the condition and used for certain kinds of bearing linth e metal of the bearing shell. One ings for many years, only since the process which is now employed suc war made tin conservation essential cessfully on steel as well as cast iron has it become generally recognized which is especially difficult to handle that, if proper precautions are taken, is the molten catalyzed salt bath. the lead-base alloys can satisfactorilv BrieHy. the essential steps of this replace tin-base allovs in practically process are as follows: machining or all applications. By lead-base alloys is abrasive cleaning, immersion in molt meant those containing less than 10 en catalyzed salt bath of controlled per cent tin and in many cases having temperature for 5 to 15 minutes, water much lower tin contents than that. rinse, immersion in solution of salts They may be alloys of lead, antimony to dissolve ferric oxide, water rinse. and a small percentage of tin with or without small quantities of arsenic, or they may be essentially lead hardened with the alkaline earth metals such as calcium and so ;m. To make the cnange to lead-base al loys with satisfaction the principal precautions are properly to bond the Below a 4.000-5p. 50 rpm reversing a-c steel mill motor equipped with leada r s e ni c - an t i m o n\ babbitt bearings. lining to the shell and to use as thin a lining as possible. It is obvious, there fore. that the change can not always he made successfully when relining old hearings because the bearing may have been designed for a compara tively thick lining. However, it is pos sible to design and treat new bearings in such a wav that lead-base alloys will prove satisfactory almost invari ably and at lower cost than tin-base allovs. Methods of preparation of the shell etching in hydrochloric acid solution, immersion through a floating layer of molten zinc-ammonium chloride flux into a bath of lead-antimony-low-tin tinning metal which bonds with the iron shell. The operations are carried through in rapid sequence and the re sult is a thin coating of tinning metal which bonds readilv with the liming. Other processes involve special ma chining and handling methods, chem ical cleaning or other means of pro viding scrupulously clean surfaces suitable for the application of the tinning metal. Whatever the method, the tinning must be continuous over the entire bearing if the application is to be successful. The thickness, or rather, thinness of the actual bearing metal definitely in- A 20,000--At h . 750--rpm wnchromiUK condenser e</uipped with lead-arsenic * antimony babbitt bearings IIIOTOS BV CO V RT ES V OK r.EN ERAL El ElTR1C CO SOME LEAD-BASE BEARING ALLOVS* Composition iirinell Melting flanges Solidus Liguidus Punring Lead Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Anti mony I Tin Arsenic Copper At At Silver 20. C. 100 C. Deg.F. Uey.C. Deg. F. Deij.C. Deg. F . Deg. 13 2.0 12.73 0.75 14.3 to 15.5 12.5 0.0 to ; 1.25 : 10 10 6 17 1.0 _ 1.3 to 3.0 0.8 to 1.1 -- -- 0.8 to 1.t (1.23 max. -- 0.6 max. O.t to 0.6 0.25 max. O.t to 0.6 2.5 -- -- to -- 13 ---- -1 -- raRKrST.3 13 13.6 -- 20 ti -- 29 1 16 -169 -- 471 --_ ---- 213 ' 563 211 195 --- --~" -- 295 257 -- ---- 689 365 621 327 -- -875 168 * Data From A.S.T.M. Standard Specifications for White Metal Bearing Alloys, Serial Designation B23-26, Emergency Alternate Provisions. EA-B23a. 2-- -- fluences its performance in use. In the automotive industry linings as thin as d.002 to 0.006 in. are employed, while larse hearings may have linings up to 0.02 in- thick or more. Generally the thinner the lining the heavier the loads it can carry and the more its life will be prolonged. Pouring tempera tures for the lead-base alloys are slishtlv higher than for tin-base and clearances must be increased slightly, from 0.002 in. to 0.0025 in. per inch of shaft on bearings up to 5 in. in diameter. Lead-base alloys are being used suc cessfully today in almost all kinds of bearing applications. Among these are automotive connecting rod, main and camshaft bearings. Diesel engine bear ings. steel mill bearings, railroad car journal bearings, all kinds of electric motor bearings and a variety of other industrial applications. Speeds range from 25 to 3600 r.p.m. and loads up to 2,000 lb. per sq. in. Such prominent industrial concerns as General Electric Company. Cooper- Lead-base bearing metals are per forming satisfactorily on stationery as well as marine Diesels Bessemer Corporation and Chrysler Corporation have been among the leaders in adapting lead-base alloys to their bearing requirements and have thus contributed immeasurably to war conservation. The accompanying table lists some lead-base bearing alloys together with some of their properties: Red Lead Paint for Water Tanks UBLISHED in the June 1943 num water is to soften slightly even the Pber of the Journal of the American most insoluble paint. Therefore it is Water Works Association is "Tenta best to have the final coat the hardest tive Recommended Practice--Repaint in order that the completed job will ing Elevated Steel Tanks and Water Storage Tanks". Under the heading "Kind of Paint" this document states "Underwater exposure involves a very severe service for paint. The paint which, in general, has given the best Red Lead paint has proved in service h> fte most satisfactory for painting interiors of water storage tanks results for this service is red lead and linseed oil paint (weighing 21 to 24 lbs. per gal.) containing small amounts of litharge which acts as a hardener." The included proposed specification for quality of paint contains the re quirement that "two pounds of lith arge shall be added to each gallon of red lead paint" and requires that lith arge be added to the paint not more than one half day before it is to be applied. For under-water exposure it is best to reverse the usual painting proced ure of making each succeeding coat of paint softer than the preceding coat. The effect of continued immersion in CHICAGO BRIDGE AND IRON CO. 3-- -- be most water resistant. In the case of a three coat job the first coat may be a heavy red lead paint. The second coat one to which 8 per cent by weight of litharge has been added and the final coat one containing 10 per cent of litharge. Engineers recognized by observation long ago that litharge, added to red lead paints immediately before appli cation to steel, produced a paint film that was highly resistant to damage by immersion in water. The reasons for the superior performance of litharge bearing red lead paint are of more re cent discovery. It has been found that litharge and linseed oil react readilv to form compounds known to chemists as "lead soaps". Red lead and linseed oil also form lead soaps but more slowly because red lead is less reac tive with linseed oil than is litharge. These compounds form on each par ticle in radiating tentacle form which tend to interlock with the tentacles of adjacent particles to give strength to the film. At the same time the oil is drying and it seems to become quite solid but it actually remains slightly elastic. For paints used on exteriors this elasticity is desirable but for un der-water exposures greater hardness is required. The formation of lead soaps on the litharge particles adsorbs some of the oil thus hardening the paint and making it more resistant to water. More recent studies of litharge-lin seed oil reactions seem to indicate that glycerine compounds in the oil mav separate from their organic com pounds and unite with the litharge, imparting additional hardne-s to the paints by forming the well known litharge-glycerine cement commonly used in industry. It is not necessary to give tank in teriors any further treatment before putting them into service; the red leadlitharge paint is complete protection. It is common practice to tint the sec ond coat w ith lamp-black, so that any "holidays" or missed areas will show up, and to return to the straight red lead color for the final coat. Litharge should not be used in the red lead on the outside of the tank which should be treated the same as any other steel structure. L TA2 5 765 Lead-Coated Steel Sheets Available For Geoeral Sheet Metal Work URTHER usefulness of lead as a have normally been used for this pur F corrosion resistant coating on iron pose. However, the lead-coated sheets and steel is indicated by the develop have advantages which will cause their ment and improvement of hot-dip lead-coated steel sheets. Although cer tain experimental work done in the past indicated that good results might be obtained with lead on sheets, the general acceptance and use of long ternes and galvanized sheets deterred the final development as well as a marketing campaign which would have use to be extended after the war emer gency has passed. The Continental Steel Corporation of Kokomo, Indiana manufactures lead coated steel sheets under the name of "Lead-Sealed" sheets. This company has long been interested in the use of lead as a coating on steel and has done much of the experi- Heating ductwork fabricated from lead-coated sheets mental work which preceded the commercial production of the lead coated sheet metal. brought about a general use. Also the tendency of lead-coated steel samples to develop rust stains on the surface gave the impression that the coating did not cover completely and so would not give adequate protection. Color Research Recorded with White Lead Paiot io Charleston Restoration More recent research and reference to some almost forgotten test samples still under exposure have shown that lead-coated ferrous sheets are remark ably durable and that they stand up well in severely corrosive atmo spheres. The surface rust stains which were once thought to be signs of in cipient breakdown have been found to be merely superficial. They disappear very soon when the microscopic pin holes which allowed them to form are filled and stopped by the products of oxidation. In addition to their durability leadcoated sheets possess several other de sirable characteristics. They take and HARLESTON, South Carolina, aware of the beauty and historical sig C early became one of the im nificance of their charming old houses portant shipping centers of the Uniteadnd are untiring in their efforts to pre States. By the end of the eighteenth serve them. One of them, recently ac century many luxurious homes had quired by the Charleston Museum, is been built and the city had begun to the Joseph Managault house on Meet develop an architectural style pecu ing Street. liarly its own. Although the leisurely Built in 1790 by Gabriel Mana tempo of life and a knowledge of gault. architect, for his brother. Jo homes in the West Indies undoubtedly seph. it is considered by many to be influenced the plan of the Charleston one of the finest examples of the Adam house, the studied detail and elegance style in the city. The finely carved in of execution of the interior woodwork terior woodwork and the beautifulh are surely a heritage from the colonial executed ornamental plaster ceilings builders of New England. are of special interest. Restoration, The citizens of Charleston are fullv while not complete, has been carried hold paint well. They may be painted immediately upon fabrication without aging or other special preparation. The application of white lead paint to the stair hall has been completed X. A. EEILLT U ooduork tir^t coaled, nails in preparation lor u /\iulead paint The lead alloy coating is ductile and withstands bending and forming with out showing a tendency to crack and flake off". Lead-coated sheets can be die formed, the lead coating actually helping the process by acting as a lu bricant to the dies. Since lead coatings are applied at comparatively low tem peratures, there is little tendency for the characteristics of the steel sheet to change under influence of the heat of the coating bath. The renewed interest in lead coat ing of iron and steel sheets is due in fn H" i-=j part to shortages of other metals which 4-- -- |_ IA 25766 forward sufficiently to enable the U. S. 0. to make temporary head quarters in the house. Paint played a most important part in the interior decorations of the houses built in the early days of this country. The pallette available to the painter was limited by the available color pigments but this limitation was not a serious handicap to the tasteful selection of schemes of decoration. In restoring the Managault house special attention is being given to the colors used on the walls and wood work in order that the final result will be authentic in every way. The original paint was carefully studied for color as it was removed and the entire repainting of the in terior with pure white lead paint is being carried out in the same colors which the first occupants found to be suited to their taste. r?ioe white lead is ideal for protecting the delicate detail of intricate carving and modeling. It flows on smoothly and covers thor oughly without building up at surfaceintersections. It is easy to tint to that exact shade desired and has a satiny texture that is neither flat nor glossy which will stand repeated cleaning. As a result of the careful study of the original colors, the beautiful and interestingcolor combinations through out the house will be as truly authentic records its original beautv as the wood and plaster they adorn although the white lead paint that displays them will be new and fresh. HE principle ingredients of first thinning paints will consist of ap Tquality paint have been for many proximately two-thirds linseed oil and vears white lead and linseed oilt.he remainder volatile thinner. These time tested materials continue To meet these requirements and at to hold their places as basic materials the same time provide a material with for paint and the use of white lead sufficient body to make a workable continues with no modification made paint, linseed-replacement oil (Fed necessary by the demands of war and eral Specification TT-0-37K has been armament production. Linseed oil developed. It is a mixture of raw lin however, is not as plentiful as could seed oil, thickened or heat-bodied lin be desired and certain adjustments seed oil and thinner. It has the con are being made which will extend sistency and working properties of the supplies of this material to the straight linseed oil and can be used greatest possible number of users in place of the latter in any white lead without impairing the quality of the or red lead paint. The paint it pro paint in which it is to be used. duces will have substantially the same As a result of shortages of fats brushing qualities, the same easy and oils it has become necessary to workability and high hiding power. It conserve supplies of linseed and other drying oils and the War Production Board has issued Conservation Order M-332, effective July 1, restricting the amount of oil that may be used per gallon of paint to 3.75 pounds. This order applies to exterior house paints and interior and exterior structural steel paints. To bring about corres ponding savings of oil in paint mixed from paste or dry pigment on the job the order further limits the non-vola tile content of linseed oil delivered to users to approximately 70 per cent by weight. This means that oil used in LEAD comes to you this month without its usual en velope. Military needs and labor shortage are limiting the amount of paper available for civilian uses. We believe that LEAD is serv ing a useful purpose in publish ing information on the uses of materials and we expect to con tinue its publication. However, we wish to cooper ate in every possible way in all conservation measures and so we will dispense with the en velopes for the duration. We hope you will receive LEAD in good condition. will set up a little more quickly and will, therefore, have less tendency to collect dust during the drying period. There is no reason to expect that the use of linseed-replacement oil will change, materially, the durability of pure white lead paint. Experience has shown that long wearing paint films can be produced with less linseed oil than is commonly used. Painters often adjust their mixing formulas to suit the porosity of the surface to be paint ed without adversely affecting the durability of the paint. The limitations set up by Conservation Order M-332 were determined with the advice of representatives of the paint industry. They have been tested bv members of the industry as well as bv tbe Bureau of Standards. Tbe linseed-replacement oil is a thoroughly dependable paint vehicle which will make it possible for property owners to carry on the vitally important work of building maintenance with the full advantage of the dependability of pure white lead paint. White lead pigment continues to be freely available. The results of Con servation Order M-332 will be to make the greatest possible amount of mix ing material available for turning it into first quality paint. t r a d e n a me s a n d NAMES o f ma n u f a c t u r e r s o f a r t ic l e s d e s c r ib e d i n l e a d a r e o mit t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w it h LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION POLICY. SUCH NAMES AND FURTHER DETAILS WHEN AVAILABLE. WILL BE GLADLY PROVIDED ON REQUEST "5_ Materials for Lead Water Services Available for Utility Installation and Maintenance HE complete coordination of the water service pipes connecting the Tvarious Government orders con piping of a structure with the outside trolling materials used in the installaw ater main." Thus the approvals for tion of lead water services together the use of the essential materials for with the free availability of lead pipe the complete installation of lead water simplify the solution of one of the service pipes are of record in the offi problems of water works maintenance cial documents of the agencies con engineers. The use of lead pipe for trolling the respective materials. water services has been allowed by all In addition, the use of lead water of the lead conservation orders, the service pipe is specifically permitted latest of which. General Preference bv the latest revisions of the Hous- Order M-38, dated May 26, 1943, makes no change in the status of this material. The use of the necessary fittings and solder required for use in installing lead water services are also specifically allowed by the respec tive orders governing these materials and the various Government agencies dealing with building construction al low the use of lead for this purpose. Fittings are provided for by Con servation Order M-9-c. Copper, dated May 17. 1943, which exempts from any restrictions "corporation stops and couplings therefor, curb stops and couplings therefor, adaptors, unions, solder nipples and ferrules'" for use in water supply and distribution. Gen eral Preference Order M-4.3. Tin. dated May 25. 1943. allows the use of solder containing 38 per cent of tin "for the installation and repair of 55 vear old lead water service in perfect condition recently un covered in Philadelphia The pictures on this page are of lead water services installed in Phila delphia. There are manv cities where the use of lead for this purpose has been standard practice for many years. The discoverv of lead service pipes in perfect condition after having been buried for many years is not an un common occurrence. One pictured on this page has given "onlv" 55 years of trouble-free service but many older installations are known. The other pic tures are of installations made in Ma\. 1943. Being of the same durable ma terial as the old installation. the\ ran be expected to give their owners trouble free service bevond the life of the buildings which they currentlv serve. C.urh `lop wiped lo load service pipe ready jar covering with cast iron stop box /f iping lead service pipe tu brass fitting and. above, lead venire pipe in place ing Utility Standards, the Emergency Plumbing Standards for Defense Housing, the War Housing Critical List, the Critical Construction Ma terials Design Guide as well as the Army and Navy Munitions Board. In fact, there are. at present, no Govern ment orders restricting the use of lead water service pipe. U ater tap with L ad sen ire pipe in place. Sole bed of uitt earth in rocky trench WAR BONDS AND STAMPS 6-- -- LIA 2 576 8 '.If Lejjerts House, near Pros pect Park Brooklyn. Built to replace the original Lejjerts Mansion which uas burned during a skirmish preceding the Battle oi Long Island in 1716. Aon' used as a meet ing place by the D. A. R. and as a Museunt No. 21 Old Mansions Jumel Mansion. Rose' Morris Park. Manhattan. Built in 1766 hv Roger In New York City Morris, a close triend or General If ashington. i sea by 71 ashington as a head quarters in 1776. U as pur THE great and modern city of New chased in 1810 by Stephen Jumel. It now serves a> \ork is one of the oldest cities in a museum. The exterior the United States. Political as well aswell preserved with white- lead. as valuable an ex commercial history was made in the hibit as the historical area now included within the city and treasures within there are many fine memorials com memorating both men and events. These are in the care of the city De partment of Parks which takes special pride in a number of venerable build ings with important historical back grounds. The buildings are kept in excellent repair and in most cases are in use as museums, meeting places or administrative offices. Although the United States did not become a nation until after the 'War of Independence, this country alreadyhad a well established place in world Grade Mansion. Carl Schurt: Park. Manhattan. Built in 1770. Served as first home ot Museum of the Cit\ of Aew York but has lately been made of ficial permanent residence of the Mayor of the Cit\ ot A ew l1 ork. Situated near East River and in sight of Hell Gate to Long Island Sound it is se* curely shielded from the seacoast weather by its white lead paint economy. Men had made fortunes and had built luxurious homes like the three shown on this page. Each one of these houses figured in the stirring events of that war so lung ago hut each one is still a useful as well as a beautiful building. That they remain in such good condition is due to a strict program of careful mainte nance which includes periodic re coating with pure white lead paint. It is significant that the Department of Parks of this great city, which is in a position to be well informed as to the quality and durability of the build ing materials it uses, makes the use of pure white lead paint a regular prac tice in maintaining the historical land marks entrusted to its care. PHOTOS BY COURTESY OF THE NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF PARKS THIS K NO. 21 OF A SERIES REPRESENTATIVE OF THE MANY AMERICAN LANDMARKS IN VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE COCNTRY THAT ARE PRESERVED FOR THE FUTURE WITH PURE WHITE LEAD AND OIL PAINT. MANY OF THEM HAVE ALWAYS BEEN PROTECTED WITH THIS RELLABLE MATERIAL ACCORDING TO AVAILABLE RECORDS. ` LIA 2576 9 LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 420 Lexington Ave. New York 17, N. Y. Return Postage Guaranteed Sec. 50, P. L. ft X. U. S. POSTAGE Paid New York, N. Y. Permit No. 5658 \ew Battery Terminal Commonlv used metals strongenough to withstand the vibration to which au Strong and kid Proof tomobile batteries are subjected are rapidly corroded by the acid fumes given off by the battery while under HE application of a steel-rein charge. Since lead is highly resistant Tforced lead alloy terminal to auto to these fumes the Electric Auto-Lite mobile battery connections is helpingCompany has developed a steel-rein to conserve batteries and generators. forced lead alloy terminal which is Loose or corroded terminals introduce acid proof yet strong enough to be resistances into the battery circuits. clamped immovably to the battery On cars with voltage regulators this post. results in "starving" the battery, This terminal is pressure cast of lead eventually causing it to lose its effec alloy around a steel core which is to tive charge. On cars not so equipped tally enclosed in the alloy. Before cast it may result in an overheated genera ing the end of the cable is placed in tor, a shorted condenser, burned out the mould and is thus bonded firmly lights or other troubles. On any car it to the terminal. The mould is so made can result in starter failure and pos that a collar of the lead alloy is formed sible fire. around the insulation thus sealing the acid fumes away from the copper con ductor. The action of the storage battery is dependent upon a chemical reaction between sulphuric acid and certain lead oxides held in lead alloy frames or "grids". The same properties that enable lead to endure immersed in the acid make it proof against the fumes which quickly destroy most other metals. The follewim articles and reprints contain information, drawmat and specifications on the use of lead products helpful to architects, engineers and others in the construction industry. They are available, free of charge, upon request to the Lead Industries Association, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York 17, N. Y. PROPERTY PROTECTION WITH WHITE LEAD PAINT A 28 page booklet on the protective value, durability and beauty of pure white lead paint with quantity etimatinp table>. formula- and mixing and tinting instructions fur exterior and interior use. BRUSH IP ON VOIR PUNTING A practical artiilr on the selection and application of paint reprinted from Hou-e Beautiful. June. 1941. SOME PAINTING PROBLEMS AND THE WsU KKS By Dr. F. L. Browne, Senior Forest* Products Laboratory, W,c. Chemist, Madison, Reprinted from the National Real Estate Journal. Sept., 1939. STAMFORD'S DOUBLE LIFETIME HOME A complete analy-is of hard lead flashing, white lead paint, lead plumbing, plywood and red cedar Certigrade shingle detail- and in-tailation methods. Reprinted from the American Builder. July, 1939. STOP DEMON REST Leaflet giving concise, simple in-tructions in the Use of the rust preventing qualities of Red Lead Paint in protecting farm machinery. LEAD EQUIPMENT tSED IN INDUSTRY By F. E. Wormier, Secretary of Lead In dustrie* Association A -ummary of the uses of lead in the production and handling of corrosive chemicals. Reprinted from "Metal Progre-*" to be included io the next editioo of "American Society of Metals Handbook." DON'T GAMBLE WITH PAINT An instructive article on the selection of paint for farm use reprinted from the March, 1942 isue of Country Gentleman. WHITE LEAD PAINT FOR DEFENSE HOUSING Reprint from Bulletin of the Producers' Council in cluding specifications and graphic mixing instructions for exterior and interior White Lead Paint. LAM INC LEADWORK IN MODERN PLLMB1NG By T. N. Thompson, Technical Editor, Plumbing and Heating Journal Reprinted from Plumbing and Heating journal, Feb., 1939. COMMERCIAL STANDARD*: Calkins Lead, CS94-41 Lead Pipe, CS95-41 Lead Traps and Bends, CS96-41 Olficial publications by the Government Printing Of fice of the above Commercial Standards aa promul gated bv the U. S. Department of Commerce through the National Buieau of Standards, effective June 25. 1941. LEAD PLUMBING FOR DEFENSE HOI SING Reprint from Bulletin of the Producers' Council in cluding information on the Emergency Plumbing Standards and the Defence Housing Critical List. NEW LEAD COATING PROCESS ELIMINATES USE OF ZINC ALLOYS By W. Yonkmin, Engineer, Western Elec tric Co. A description of a >ucces>ful hot dip lead coating process with complete instruction* for changing over from hot dip galvanizing using the same equipment. Reprinted from Products Engineering, May, 1943. SUMMARY OF NOTES ON LEAD ROOFING A brief de?-cripiion of the ues of lead for roofing and flawing purposes and the proper practices of its application. Reprinted from "Sheet Metal Worker". PARTIAL LIST OF USES OF LEAD NOT RESTRICTED BY CONSERVATION ORDER M-38 Anodes Anti-Knock treatment for motor fuels Bearing metals Calking lead, lead wool Ceramic* (Except a* on ingredient of orna mental gla**) Chemical equipment---tanka, lining*, piping, pumps, valves, filters, evaporator* Coating* on iron, ateel and other metaia Collapsible tubes Die easting for process work Fitting**--traps, bend*, floor flanges, ferrules Flooring in chemical and explosives plants Gasket* and packings Insecticides and chemicals Manufacturing equipment for !>>nthciir fibre* Metal pickling tanks, spray nozzles and pipinu Mould material for casting plastic* Name and instruction pistes Paint pigments^white lead, red lead, blue lead, litharge Pipe aoil, waste, water service and chemical Plating tank linings Roofing, flashing, gravel stop*, damp proofing Safety treade Scientific and experimental apparatus Sheathing for electric cable* Shot--ammunition Shower pens, floor safes, waterproofing Solder Storage batteries Substitution for more critical metal* Varnish making--airier* Vulcanising moulds Window came# glazier* lead X-ray and radlom protection USE PERMITTED WITH CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS Automobile body solder Casket hardware--casket lining* Foil UPON REQUEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE. TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS PRINTED IN U. S. A. BY PUBLISHERS PRINTING COMPANY I 55 LIA25770 NEW YORK CITY