Document Y9MGgjQqqjM01Bj06MOqD57Vn

FILE NAME: Todd Shipyards (TODD) DATE: 1945 Dec DOC#: TODD013 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Proceedings - Pacific Coast Shipyard Safety Conference B J B i m i F fi I L B - K J L I . . I . 2 J H TXXD X, O I f f l i . . t M M t M n tM > lu i> tlB g D ir e c to r , S e a ttle Safetjr C o rn ell JGK D i J U L I O . * . . . . . Se c r e t a r ? , P ggt S onni C hapter, A .S .S .S CKBOK X* J t m t t i ........................... D ir e c to r , T o d i-B a e ific E h ip jard E* X. i n i W .............................................. B t f t t y D ire c to r, Leke Deioc Dj-ydnck ad Maofalas flork ZA. L 1 . OiKJRCKt r . U . 1 , ............ D ireotor, 13th le n a Di tri e t Z X. UL3BBOI llt& M M t M .iM tM ttS H A ) In d -c e tria l A A o lt E jrie n e S e c tio n taahiiyjton S tate Departnent of X ealth J . 1 , Y X O Z X . . . . . . . . . S e a t t l e M etal Srade D oiaoll L I . JiS L SOKBSBIi U>1.X.X<............O f f i c e i & 5erT sor o f S h ip te rtld in e , D. S . S*t? A . 7 . s e m i S S . . . ......................................S a fe ty O o n ro lte a t, TI. S. X^iTo ja e n t Ooapaneation O oadiea J . ? B u m ............................. .S afety logineex, 1 3 th X e n i Di tr i e t S U L X. 1Jr TT**rw......... ............... ...D ir e o to r , XaefcdB^tnn S ta te D e p a rta e n t o f la'bor A In d u strie D i n . C. 1 . ....................... . . . S e a t t l e T o r t o f to ta r x a tle c . CBCFt>I S S f l . . . . . . . . ...................Sogni S h ip to lld e r A e e o e ia tio n MCECUSSI -Tati-- -- ............ . . . . . . . Don f e ie noe D e p o rta r, fiafe^r D e p e rte e a t, lo d d - P a c iiic Sfaipymrd A glTT PIS?L1T K C ^ S a ri con O p tical Oomany S a fe tr A 8rpply Coapai^ X lae V ie * - -trpliaaoe Doepany H t f f D p tlc a l Coco&ay (Bauatdi A L eah) X eskinctea S ta te Department of L a to r A In d u strie aak iT ^to n S ta te Department f H ealth . ( I n d a tr ia l ni JUralt Hyciene S entina) CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1514 a c ta s y. ESHD p r VZLOOa" O aptaln E. K. V a llili, S t e r r i or o f S h lp m ild in g , U. t . I n y , B aattle a n i laooaa i r t a . .................................. tSBUL a s m iS D sjjttt* 1 Jtoa**l 31 U l n a r i , K u U r Ueotaaaic, Sbeet Statai Shop, tn a d Barai feip y a ri, Branarton, .laahington,. . . . 3 3 i l b a r t X T ay lo r, Toraaan S h aat lis ta i V orker, Tugat k m i Sarai Ih ip y ari, B rasarteli, Vaahington.. . . . 5 oociFJLncflUL m w ........................ C. X. Js rd a a , g a fe ty U r t e t e r , T od d -T aclfic S hip y ard s, B o atti , ................ 9 1 L le y d li. T am ari X. B ., I te s i, In d trin i and JLdalt Eygiana S aetiss, laaM ngtan S tato B ooartw nt of Soniti 9 2, Jpadariofc H y f i a ld , X. B ....................... ...................................... 16 iM TI L J g i a f T ranklyn T . Jahnaen, te f t ^ y B i r t c t e r , Oragon S h ip - V o lld ia c Oarj>., T o r ti a n i, O ra g o n . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 SJJTTr IX SEI? P ili* 34 1 T rank T i l m a , Q aartam an , P r a p a r a tio c B a rric a Sbop, P uget a n n i B arai Shipyard, B rasarto n , la s h in g tc n ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Zm I m a a t T a rte r, lead ln g aaa H a o tr ic ia n , P rep aratio n Sarrloa aap, h c * t Bacai S a r a i s h ip y a rd , B raa arto n , l a ih la g t a u . . . .......... 26 E m u s m orso* 1 3 X* The aeoa, l a f i t y B ir a o to r , B ethlaha* S t a t i O o., Ship b u ild in g D ir i d e a , San Tranciano O a lifo m ia . . . . . . . . ......... SS 2. X I . Bang, S sfaty X aginaar, Bethleban lla n e ia Shipyard, I n o ., 36 CBTXWL HOCTKZEr&ISB* Pxaaklyn T. Jobnean, S afaty B ira c to r, Dragon Shipbuilding O orp., T ortland, O reg o n .... . . . . . . . ............ ........... .. 40 Biaouaaloz. o f Txopoaoi P a c ific Coast Shipyard S afety C o u n c il.... 42 43 1 i ; , I I- F 11 - 5 . t / - ' ' ' % i V I' Jf Lij El :` i r k k; CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1515 1 i : i i .1 I-'! "1 TOPI) or TELCOC" O utline of Openlne Address of CAPTAH? H. V. TilLIV S u p erv iso r o f S h ip b u ild in g , U. 5. Kavy S e a ttle and Tacoma Area T h le s a f e ty oooferenoe convenes a t th e n a tio n approaches the erd o f a tremendous wartime s h ip b u ild in g and re p a ir pro gran, and a t a tin o when ouch thought i s being given toward a h ealth y peacetime development of the ship b u ild in g and re p a ir in d u stry , p a r tic u la r ly on tbo P a c ific Coast. Cer ta in ly organised aocidant prevention is an e sse n tia l feature both in the in d u s tria l re la tio n s and eoonoaicB of the industry. Organised accident prevention in a l l industry during wartime ac com plished Much -mder th e p a t r i o t i c urge to *save manpower f o r warpower"; th u s , few er work e rs were k d llo d in o ccu p atio n al a c c id e n ts in 1944 th a n in 1941, d e s p ite la r g e ly in c re a e ed ag g reg ate employment a n d 'th e h an d icap s in c id e n ts! to war p roduction. Jk jro rth o lo ss, in 1944 occupational accid o n ts i n a l l in d u s tr y took 17,500 l i v e s , caused 1 , BOO,000 n o n -fa ta l i n j u r i e s , and eost an estim ated $2,300,000,000. The le v y e a fe ty reoord In government-owned y ard s i s good, w ith a 1944 a c c id e n t frequency p e r m illio n manhours worked o f 1 2 .2 , and a fu rth e r 19^ re d u c tio n in th e f i r s t 7 Months o f 1945 The n a tio n a l S a fe ty C ouncil has re c e n tly rooognised th is reco rd w ith p re s e n ta tio n to the Kory o f i t s Award o f Honor f o r D is tin g u ish e d S erv ice to S a fe ty ". The Kavy i s d e f in ite ly safety conscious and is going to stay safety conscious; I ts record is good, but i t can be b e tte r ; and the Envy Department i s committed to a p o st war s a f e ty pro gr am th a t i l l b rin g the Xavy to the top o f the s a f e ty heap. The c o n tra c t sh ip y ard a a fe ty program sponsored by th e Xavy Depart ment and lia ritim e Commission has le d to s u b s ta n tia l re d u c tio n s in the volume o f work in ju r ie s . Thus, in 1943 the e n tire group o f yards under government co n tracts rep o rted an acc id e n t frequency of 31.2. In 1944 tho f ig u r e f o r a l l r e p o rtin g y a rd s was down 2 3 i to a frequency o f 2 3 .2 , -with a f u r t h e r 54 re d u c tio n in the f i r s t 7 months o f 1945. The a ll- im p o r ta n t man power savings involved oan be i l l u s t r a t e d w ith an estim ate th a t th e 1944 red u ctio n involved the prevention of about 19,000 d isab lin g in ju rie s , direc t l y saving a t le a s t 380,000 sea-days f o r urgent ship production in 1944, Deyond th j.s, i t i s estim ated th a t 550,000 n o n -d isab lin g in ju r ie s were p re v en ted , i~ liv in g & fu r th e r r r - i r g o f B2,5C' man-days o f p ro d u ctio n , based on a D epartm ent o f la b o r s tu s y shoving th a t on an avorogo each ru sh noi>d isab lin g In ju ry r e s u lts in the lo s t .o f 1 .2 hours of workinc tim e. The fo reg o in g s t a t i s t i c s in d ic a te a wartime shipyard s a f e ty Job ' w e ll done. Hovwver, l e t ' s n o t lo s e s i g h t o f the 71,500 in j u r i e s which did o ccur in th e c o n tra c t y a rd s In 944, K.Lh from a h u m anitarian sta n d p o in t and in connection w ith the m illio n s of d o llars of d lro e t and In d ire c t costs the in d u stry sustained thereby. D uring wartime those expenses were lar,tely borne by th e O cvernnent, b a t from now on they are an im p o rtan t and competi tiv e overhead oost of doing business, u ltim a te ly paid fo r by the customer, ed is p e rtan t p a rtic u la rly to tho shipbuilding and re p a ir industry on the J h c ifie Boast. 3i*se o e e ts'a ro su b sta n tia l --I 'l l illu s tr a to with eoea f ig u r e s f r e a eno o f th e p r in c ip a l y a rd s in tho ?wcot Sound Aron. (T o d ih s i f l s , Ssmmmo) , I n a ro o o n t month 2300 i n d u s t r i a l in ju r y v i s i t to tho J t* 4 f l r t b ^ i d f t a t l a a S i 345 won--days l e s t to p ro d u ctio n but p a id f o r and CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1516 fliaitiaJk JL A I L L . - continued charged i t the Jeb. fit* h m y ard , in th a t month, p aid over $20,000 fo r varkmec1t oeiq>eaemtim& p ro te o tic n . Add to th ese d i r e c t c o s ts , sa fe ty non, sutm , doctors u d a l l the in d ire c t o o iti a risin g out of the accidents hioh d id o c c u r, and who i u doubt t h a t management should have a r e a l econo-- io in te r e s t Id aooidaat prevention? An e f f e c tiv e s a f e ty program must hare th e w holehearted sreroort o f tep asoags--c t . She management must recognise th a t ac c id e n ts a re expensive ( t o t a l p o s ts estim a te d a t M tim es d i r e c t o o sts) and., w ith ra re e x c e p tio n , unneoeeeary and preventable; th a t accident prevention aids production ef f ic ie n c y and eoonoay ; t h a t a good s a f e ty program prom otes good employee and p u b lic r e l a t i o n s ; t h a t s a f e ty l e a n e n -o e n tro v e rs la l s u b je c t on which man agement and worker* oan so rt: to g e th e r to mutual advantage. T his management p o lic y n e t be amds d e a r to a l l e x a c u tiv a s and employees, and to p m n ag emeet arcst show continuous i n t e r e s t and tak a a c tiv e p a r t in tha s a f e ty pro gram. Ix o rd e r to r o s ily sake p ro g re ss in aoeident prevention i t i s neces sary to ladeotrlnm te o il dopartaant heads so th a t they w ill be i s syapatiy ith safety eerk. Bqilnjea acceptance and cooperation alec are e sse n tia l. I t is th e re fo re mdrlsohle th a t eicloyeee be given an opportunity to a s s is t i s preparing the pragm a, te o ffer suggestions, and to p a rtic ip a te and oooperate to the i d l e s t extent Long before the e a r, easy executives sere convinced o f the eccnole value of o rp u ise d aoeident prevent!on eerk, and they c a rrie d th a t eonv i c t i m in to t h a i r a r t i a a o p e ra tio n . So o th e r s , p a r t i c d a r l y th o se who have reached p o s itio n s o f a u th o rity d uring the mar y e a rs , s a fe ty has loaned J u s t a n o th e r * w r baby*, born o f th e s e n te manpower shortage and acccptod a t tha urg in g and w ith the fin an cial snooort of government. T his in co rrect im r s s s ie a has uadorfetedly been aggravated by the in ex p ert d ire c tio n end h ig h c o s t o f s a f e ty a c t i v i t i e s in bobs war p l a n t s , due to the d e a rth o f ex perienced safety d irecto rs. Situs th e s a f e ty movement i t s e l f noods "reconversion* to I t s u o rmsl p e a o o tia o char a c t e r -- i d e n t i f i c a t i o n w ith o ffic io n c y end w ith good in d u s tr ia l and p u b lic r e la tio n s , sh o th o r b usinoss i s good o r bad, manpower seareo or abradant. The fundamentals e f accid en t prevention apply equally s e l l to p la n ts of a l l s ite s . I t i s s e l l w ithin ths province of a small p la n t to c a r r y e-* a s e x c e lle n t program o f a o e id e n t p re v e n tio n in keeping w ith i t s slM and nature e f i t s operations and without the a id of a safety d ir e c to r o r r ela b o ra te s t f v ^ o rg a n isa tio n . Houevor, r e la tiv e ly few a a e ll p la n ts have off activ e safety prograas;-..tho ro m inder-rood oontlnvjji . stim ulation and assistan ce'b y euteido agencies.' X fin a l p o in t - i t appeors th a t tb ers i s a d e fin te trend toward taadsrdisatien ef State safetv , ccupled w ith a g re a te r le g a l rwe- p o n e ib illty en m m agsasnt fo r the erg sn i catin, a&intonance oaforcesent e f e a tis a c to ry sa fsty edaoational standards. Thoso, coupled w ith ln c re a ^ . orxmec' e oompenaatien b e n s f l t i and eos t i , maka l t irp e ra tiv w th a t nanagv- ment ta k s a muefa p e a t e r and more d i r e c t i n t e r e s t i s o rg an ised s a f e ty and m ocidattt prrram em S or b o th humane and f in a n s ia l ro aso n a. U s o , e f im- p e r t a o a , emfotr i * cesin m setisg groted fo r both lab o r and mnagmmest, and an e ffe o td v e progxam eme. be the o e m e rsto a e o f an ex p lo y o r1s in d u s t r i a l H U ttM U i CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1517 A palat i C iooussian ty p e rso n n el fro * the Puget Sound. P a ra l Shipyard. r i g I IDBSXL J . EIHBABI), M aster Mechanic S heet M etal Rxip, P uget Sound Petrol Shipyard, B ren srto n , Weehington Mr. Cheirwan a d Gentlemen: tJpon r e o e lp t o f your k in d l e v i t a t i o n to ad dress t h i s conference I doubted the value o f anything 1 oould o ffe r on the subject of safety th a t you do n o t a lre a d y loo. S afety en g in eerin g i t your n ro fo e sio n . I t covcre a vide and sp e c ia lise d f i e l d o f knowledge and you have stu d ied the su b ject ere th o ro u g h ly than I oould error hope to do since I aa a M aster Mechanic and not a eafoty n g ise e r. I t a o co rrad to a a , however , t h a t a r e la tio n s h ip e x is ts between the M aster Mechanic and th e S afety E ngineer, the forenan and the s a fe ty in s p e c to r s , t h a t oan be a n a ly se d to o u r a c tu a l advantage. A b e t t e r under sta n d in g o f t h i s r e la tio n s h ip v i l l advance the oause o f s a fe ty and 1* th e re fo re appropriate a t th is tiv e . I t i s the purpose o f th is panol to p resent tbo p o in t of v isv e f the fo re can and h is concoption of tho proper division, o f a u th o rity fo r a safety pregraa and i t s rsla tio n sb ip to production in a ty p io al shop. Daring tho fre e d iscu ssio n period follow ing i t is expected t h a t you. v i l l o e tr a c t say r d . s t o r e s t i o n i vs asy b a rs on t h i s s u b je c t, le a d ing to a b e tte r vidarstanding as a r e s u lt. My a s s o c ia te s who w ill speak in tu rn on t h i s p a n e l a re on Mr r i g h t ; Mr. T e s s tla r , M aster X L e e trlc ia n and Mr. T ay lo r, P oreeaa Sheet Met a l Worker. 3hsse aen hare been chosvn a t rep resen tativ e of th e ir f ie ld and because th e ir &ppertasnts have a very o xcallent safety record. JLs a fou n d atio n f o r f u r th e r d isc u ssio n I v i l l sake th e fo llo w in g T a irk .i-i T i r s t , I wish to p o in t o u t t h a t a s a fe ty program cannot be c a rrie d on su ccessfu lly independent o f the production schedule. I n r y a c t th a t In volve! p ro d u ctio n , planning o r the le ad ersh ip of vorkasn on a job a lso in v o lv es s a f e ty . She p ro d u c tio n p ro c e ss i s in se p a ra b le iro n the a c tio n re quired fo r safety. I f the actio n s fo r safety and the action required fo r production on a jo b a i neeper a b ie , th e p e r eon who c o n tro ls p ro d u c tio n a ls o oe n'tro le s a f e ty . .. f o l l o w th a n , th e v e rso n re s p o n s ib le fo r sa fe a e tlo n is the lin e sty jo rrise r.e f production. A t w have o ften found out ty b i t t e r esser*- ietncu, r e , j u r i s t s of our ard en t poaas fo r safety , the ferean I s in a n s- lie u to o r or&ajc un* s a f e ty engineer** pro g ran . I f the sa fe ty engineer i s to be worth h is . s a l t he v i l i r*cognise . fid a and s o t take an o ffic io u s a ttitu d e toward the fo rso an . because of the f e r e a e 11 s tra ta g ic p o s itio n in safety any argument between the safety e n g in e e r and f e r e o n oan o n ly her one r e s u l t eo f a r a s s a f e ty i s eencom ad sad th a t i s a very poor e sa . Is advance safety i t is in e v ita b le th a t the 0*2y ro o v u rse s f Moo s a f e ty e n g in e e r i s to c u ltiv a te th e e o e p o ra tio n e f the lis e riservisi. 9 m s a f e ty e n g in e e r who r a l l e s e n t i r e l y os h i s knowledge o f the ts*hsd q**l s f s a fe ty to advenes h i s oause w ill s o t fa r* w a ll, however w p a r t Ms tW * Joaosladge o f how to g e t the c o o p e ra tio n o f ky er. i s fei a r t i n t y 1 | f t f wmn 1p o r t a n t th an h is knowledge o f s a f e ty sod when CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1518 th a t i s t W i and e a ly th an , 1 * th e tagr nt>en fo r the use o f te c h n ic a l know ledge e f s a f e ty . Bov then., oan we ( t t th e cooperation o f fo re n n T X wetiid sug g est th a t ee approach the problem d ir e c tly . Ye can eay what we w i l l b a t c o o p eratio n alw ays e n ta ils doing something f o r somoane e l e e . Be m e t do aoaa th in g f o r tho foreran- In ta lk in g e a fo ty we can le a r n to use th e langoagi th a t q p p o a lt to h is p o in t o f T iov. Ve can ta lk a b o u t p ro d u c tio n and what s a fe ty w i l l do to Imprure i t . Hemamber t h i s has a a p o d a l appeal beaauae ty l ^ r o r l n g production the foreman gets h is pro motions and increases in sa la ry . Try to think and analyse sa fe ty in terns f d e l l a r t seared, b e tte r aorwle and a o re coordinate e f f o r t between the fo re nee1a eo^layaea. dafe praotioe happily chants its o lf to th is approach vory a n o e lle n tly . b i t ap p roach w ill Induso cooperation. o th e r p a in t X may add to t h i s is th a t i f you hare decided th a t you m e t g o t Use tores* c o o p e ra tio n , do n e t go about i t w ith re lu e ta a o e , do i t d a a lo h a a rte d ly , be d i r e c t , h o n e st and fre e i n your c o n s id e ra tio n o f. . b e f s r s a a 1 p a d ties ty the see e f .accurate s ta t i s t i c s keep bin infexwed m to aoeddeet tre a d s in. adranoe, i n h i t departm ent. M p bin a ro id the ab arrasm en t o f a poor showing o r a eorioue accident ty showing hi a b o h i e e o a ld a n t prone employees a r o , etc* Be w ill a p p re c ia te t h i s h e lp i f I t i t g le a n to k in i n th e s p i r i t o f h e lp fu ln e s s end decs n o t c a n y w ith I t a tin g e o f e h o e -o ff o r e r l t l c l m . Gone th e e n th u s ia s tic co o p eratio n and i > p e r t o f the foreman is gained In a ty eafety' program the eafety engineer w i l l be o a lle d upon m ob ao re o f te n f o r M s e e r r ic e s and a d v ic e . Xo sa fe ty engineer need worry about M s p re s tig e and liv elih o o d i f the accident r a te of tb s p la n t i s lew and he gains the cooperation o f M s a sso c ia te s , the foremen* Be w ill sta n d o u t a s a a tn who u n d erstan d s and can deal w ith the l i a w fo rc e s th a t he m e t g e t In to a c tio n to eucceod in h is chosen fie ld * Sc o b ta in tb s foresee* s co o p eratio n i s en e s s e n tia l p a r t o f the prefosaion e f a safety engineer. In 7war a ttitu d e toward the foraoan I t i s suggested th a t since he i s d ir e o tly responsible en the ob f o r p u ttin g in to e f f e c t th e e a fe ty p ro g raa, he should get the tla a e or c re d it fo r i t s fa ilu re o r success, a s the ease may bo. I txcra o fte n h e e rd s a f e ty engineers blame tho fo roean l o r a p o o r s a f e ty re c o rd and hears, these same s a fe ty e n g in e e rs b o a st and view w ith p r id e what th e y t hemes I r e s d id when the re c o rd was good. S h is i s a poor w y to g e t cooperation. X enesber the foreman i s always under f i r e on s o r t* earn com pletion sche&tiLea. S is work i s newer s t a t i c b u t 1 a l ^ y s dynamic. -I'rwtn^e must be rad? f o r M s bstinaney in seme r e s p e c ts . I f be mtrm a p e rro n e a s i l y in flu e n c e d , who co u ld ,n o t stand h is g? u n d ,b e w e l d be i Texy poor forem an. Be must have s t a b i l i t y o f c h a ra c te r. I f ho i s re s p o n s ib le f s r e .*>'th in g th a t haDoeni in u t snop g iv e h ie u n s tin te d c r e d i t toau th e ^ r k i s dd&, e s p e c i a l l y i f i t r e s u l t s in a good s a f e ty record* 5M s w ill gain M s oonfidonoe end cooperation* CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1519  a a m tiL shipyard b u t t t - p ip .? i i . JOEMR X* TITLCIR, P n r e n u S heet M etal to ricar , l s t Bound St i 1 Ship l a r i , B re n e rto n , b a th in g ton Kr. O halrm n and Gentleman: I t m s about tso weeks ago th a t I f i r s t learn ed from our S a fe ty O f f ic e r, L t. S c o tt Basest th a t t h i s S a fe ty Conference m e to taka p la c e in S e a ttle and 1 had hopes of fin d in g an opportunity to atten d th is seatin g because o f my in tan ae i n t e r e s t i n s a f e ty work. At t h a t time I had no id e a o f ta k in g an a s tr a l p a r t in the program . Since th en I bare boon req u ested by your o rg a n isa tio n , through Jtuasol J . Hibbard, M aster Shoot H otel fo rk o r, to g i r o y o u a y T ie o f t h v th e T o ro .* Khoy'lrt he I n te r e s te d In S a f e t y . " My p o s i t i o n i n th e P u g e t Sound S av al Ship Yard a t B rem erton i t t h a t o f P o re a a n in eharga o f Shop P ro d u c tio n i n a la r g e S h eet M etal Shop an d p ro d u c tio n i t p r l m r l l y h a t 1 am i n t e r e s t e d in . llaay p e o p le have naked a t hr I aa ao in ta r e ted in s a fe ty and wonder ho* I d ero te eo such o f t y tim e to s a f e ty work a a id e f r o a my r e g u la r .d u tie s . Luring the p a s t th re e y e a rs sa fe ty has beooae a a o rt o f a hobby ith ae, and 1 h are been a b le to a p p ly i t s u o o e s s fu lly on th e Job a s Shop Porennh. I t does n o t take n g re a t d eal of one1s tia o becauao o f a d o s o ly k n it organ1nation and th e s p le n d id o o o p e m tio n and a s s is ta n c e o f tho rcB Jorvisers and w oitoon irbo c a rry on the sa fe ty p ro g ra s and ho hare co n trib u ted a g re a t deal to i t s c u e c e s s . My Job i s to le a d th e m y o r s t e e r th e c o u rse . As Mr, H ibbard h as s a n tio n e d i n h i s t a l k , th e s a f e ty p ro g ra n baa p aid g reat dividends m atu red in increased and sore e ffic ie n t production a t a t i n e d u rin g th e m r nan I t m i needed m s t . I t h a s, f r o a a hvr-nni*ts r ia n sta n d p o in t, reduced the nixibar o f p ain fu l in ju rie s to an ab so lu te minimum, and y o s , no doubt saved l i r o * o r p re v e n te d normancmt d l a b i l i t y . Tho s a f o ty ro o o rd o f th o shop h a s boon an in p o r t a n t f a c t o r In pending up pro d u ctio n and In keeping morale a t a h i l o r d . The f in a l re s p o n s ib ility o f s a fe ty in the p rev en tio n o f accid en ts does s o t r e s t 1th you m n , but i t does l i e ith the supervisor on the jo b . He i s th s key man in in d u s tr y and he a lo n e I s thB one m n a a t lo o k to f o r the success or fa ilu re of a safety progran. I t is considered a fa c t th a t to boooao a sty>orvior, a n an m ust bo a worknen o f no moan s k i l l o r a b i l i t y . He h a s b e t t e r th a n a w orking Iraowledge o f th e r u le s and h is a t t i t u d e c o r respond* to the ex ten t th a t he i s ready, w illin g and able to carry o u t or d e r s and r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s . O rd ers, when p e r ta in in g to th e s a fe ty program , h a r e a rtuiif-/* d -p-e-pose! p r r Ju c tio n , efficlone;.*, a r i h ia a n i t a r i i i n i s a . I f a r s r r i o r i s n o t w e ll a e c a i n t e d w ith o r does- n o t toko t h i s suppose `to. h e a r t , be i s n o t " f i t t e d f o r th o Job be h o ld s ; th a t o f te a c h in g and lo a.ij.rv o t h e r . . Tho o i l i ty for. a c c in c m s r o s i s m u in n . The In ro rn r. be r e a l i s e s a l l th is knows t h a t th a ro c a n n o t bo excuses o r a l i b i s f u r in ju r ie s . She p r i n c i p l e s o f s a i e t y i n * u d u stry a r e c lo s e ly r e l a t e d w ith the elassro o a tra in in g progrs fo r supervisors In Job o rg an isatio n and person n el re la tio n s . Luring the peso tim y aars 153? to 1940 in c lu siv , th e re as s o t a sin g le l o s t t i m m e id e s t in the Sheet M etal Shop. In 1941 and 1942 th e in iD tst o f new w o rk ers, s k i l l e d and u n s k ille d m n and woman ucfn-- i l i a c i t h t h i s type o f work, soon mdr> i t e v id e n t t h a t an o rg a n is e d sa fo ty program as neoosaazy fa r offoctiT o production. I t beoam necessary th o rr s g h ly t e in d o c t r in a te m e y o f th e new er a m e r r i s o r t i s s a f e ty . To th e se 1m i l i a r I th m i s t y work i t i t g e n e r a lly tm derstood th a t to be e f f e c t i v e , rnfety b sg ias itfc top amagam n t or ths exscutive head of the department 4 1* W a M M Me H a rte r Sheet Mot a l V srk o r, Mr. H ibbard. A fto r a CRMC-BER&FRO-001520 A lbert I . l a r l o r - oomtinued o c n su ite lie n with hi* I m s given pormissinn to o u tlin e an organize! safety program and. i t received h is whclohoartod r e p o r t . 35iie plan is not no--, there ar msrj a la lle r plans throughout industry with which you non arc im ail 1st, hut the one tiling th a t m s uppom oit in our ninde was to croato the naoessary enthusiasm and in to n est of the supervisor and the -Torknan a lik e to want to wake th is urogram a success; wo o u st create non ideas and suggestion* and keop the sa fe ty aoetings alivo with in te r e s t. The cneocr was to give tbo supervisor and the worker on a c tiv e p o rt in i t . m ap diJTTr anamziTinwg The Bhast Metal Ehcp.*Safety Chairmen" I s appointed br the tinste r , and i s ths Porm ss in charge o f Shop Production. The re s p o n s ib ility fo r th e success o f tb s shop sa fe ty program r e s ts with the Production foreman. However i t i s o rpuilsad ao th a t such o f the d e ta il and work au tom atically becomes ths duty s f sp ecial s t a f f as a s s is ta n ts . X Shop Safety Insp ecto r i s ewoloysd on a p a rt time b a s is . X secretary , and safeV in sp ectio n ocn>a i t t e e s , made pp a f mploywes from a l l su p errisien and workar le v e ls , func tio n as s a fe ty s ta f f a s s is ta n ts . They are responsible to the chairman and Production Poreaan la oarxyixg e a t th e ir duties* U B B Jtm SSSS ? Jo in t safety meetings with the inside and outside supervisors are h e ld every two weeks and a re o f one hour and f if te e n minutes d u ratio n . Meetings are usually oenductod by ths sa fe ty chairman, but in order to iz*a t l l l a v a rie ty and promote i n t e r e s t, ths unerriBor* a lte rn a te in p resen t ing safety topics a t the meetings. X ll of the t'^ e rrls o rs are not able to a tte n d th s meetings a t one time so the groans are equally divided, each supervisor attending ths s a fe ty aoeting enco a month* z a g g g ig ssjc g sz L sMeetings a re h eld to d iscuss safety problems and to make p o ssib le re c o n e a d a tio n s fo r new p lan s and id e a s, also to appoint sa fe ty committees a d hear t h e i r re p o rts; to b u ild up a frie n d ly s p i r i t of eot^w ration seeng v t^ e rriso rs and workers end to develop s frien d ly s p ir it of c e sp etitio n be tween departments. Charts on ths blackboard g rap h ically i l l u s t r a t e the accid en t trend and a re e ^ la in e d to show the supervisor the true r e la tio n of safety to h is own workers and the p roduction of the shop. In s tru c tio n a l movies shown in th s w est' Tir; widen b i t tr a in of thought to include safety programs of O ther plunt*-. s u z tt TKgyirrrTre sq w iT fz z s; w- ibe eaiery cjL icteex are' u su a lly safe up of six sen and we"- wor k e r s, arid headed by one su pervisor and tru Shop Safety In s rc rto r. Such o o o sittees are given sp e c ific assirn n en ,,1 to inspect various denartaents of the shop as well as o e rta in portion* co. the ships which are being repaired i a the yard* Saeh one o f the oomtsltt o c i s given r. c h e c k o ff shcot showing him what to look for on h i t p a rtic u la r assignment such ns heusccocning, safef i a r i t , m to r io l handling, e tc . Typew ritten rep o rts on Uisafe p ra c tic e or oem ditiens ar* made through ths oafs^r chairman. They also contain re com-- fciwas designed vo sllm in a ts hasard s. CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1521 l l b t r t I , Tavlar - W B U B ttd 7. Members a f aneh committees and e th e r earcloyeee hare p re se n te d ciaay i ^ s o r t a n t suggestion*. Am a r e s u l t some have b e n e f ic ia l S u r e s t ion F la n Iwmrds and harre b e n e fite d f in a n c ia lly from t h e i r su g g estio n s. ggg a g s r xsssssm i She Shop S afely In s p e c to r i t eEpleyed on a p a r t tin e b a s is in the S heet M etal Shop S is d u tie s in clu d e s a fe ty work and th e in d o c trin a tio n o f no* em ployees. Be has had c o n sid erab le experience i n sa fe ty work and was e le c te d because o f h is background. Tho Shop S sfoty In a o a c to r i s d ir e c tly re s p o n s ib le to th e Shop P ro d u ctio n Foreman in a l l o f h is a c ti v i t i e s * Ko eahos re p o rts to the sa fe ty chairman, and suggests a c tio n which he b eliev es should be taken, la n a tte r s p e rta in in g to sa fe ty . E lf au th o rity is lim ited to the extent th a t he does not give o r ders to supervisors or workers, but in h it asso ciatio n with then, he co o p e ra te s by a sk in g aany h e lp fu l su g g e stio n s, The Shop S afety In s p e c to r aokos a C 's te m a tic fallow**? so. a l l recow m ndations o f the S a fe ty Inspec tio n O o m itte e s * io h have boon adonted by tb s foreran and constantly checks to eee th a t tb s suggestions are s a tis fa c to rily used. In general, th e Shop S a fe ty I n s p e c to r 's d u tie s c a l l f o r him to : (1 ). Sake an a c tiv e p a r t In a l l s a fe ty committ In sp e c tio n s: (2 ). P repare c h a rts on the bl ackboar d r o g a r d l^ sa fo ty m ootix^t; (3 ). le sp sa fe ty rs e e rd t; ( i ) . In sp ect shop d aily fo r sa fe ty and f ir e basards: (5 ). Cooperate w ith a l l supervisors to elim inate ixisafe p ra c tic e s , in v estig ate a l l accidents, e tc . &gsTT m a m a * d l l new sp lo y o ts spend t h e i r f i r s t day in an in d o c tr in a tio n school. They receiv e in form ation eo n eern ii the shipyard and the r u le s , re g u la tio n s , and p o lic ie s which apply to workers. They g e t Job in s tru c tio n s and laazn of safety regulations. Sew employees a r t a ssig n e d to the shop, chore thoy re c e iv e f u rth e r in d o c trin a tio n en shop p o lic y , p ersonnel problocs and safety . Job in stru c t i o n i s oxnlain o d by sn I n s t r u c t o r ufao fu n c tio n s under th e su p e rv isio n o f th o shop p erso n n el r u p o r r is s r . deploy cos sod a movie o r s lid e film on sa fo ty , and aro then oonduotod en a to u r through the shop. Small grouss o f f i r s o r s i x perso n s aeoonoary th s shop s a fe ty in s p e c to r on such t r i p s . The c o lla te indoctrination rsa u ire i m prorlaatoly four hours. i- .**. the time th e super v iso r ta k e s th? new onployu&e through h is p a r t i c u l a r *e*.ir*ty and shore -.In tho work which iv b o isg done, bo axnliLins the safoty urogram and p o in ts cut a ll issa fo u ra c tic o i and th r urecautions which are taken to p ro ro n V ln Ju rio s. On a r e g u la r sc h e d u le , cnee each week a o v ie r are shown to e ^ l o y # and s a f e ty s u b je c ts a re o fte n f e a t u r n l , JL l i p i n each d s p a rta e n t shows th e n te b e r o f l o s t t i n s a c c id e n ts e&leb hero eccu rro d sin c e th o f i r s t o f each y e a r. Tho ta b u la tio n c re a te s an in to r-d o p a rtn o n ta l s p i r i t o f o o o titio n which a id s in reducing th e nttsbwr o f ac c id e n t* . E g T L g bt S I dJgrrr t s k s j b : 9e illu m tra t* ths e ffe c tiv e n e ss e f the sa fe ty p ro g rar which has museudr iims stb ei sF--ugw*t- Sound Sava! Ship T ard - Sheet M etal Shop, ths f c l l e i > CRMC-BER&FRO-OOl 522 >-*v i I m ^ W r t I , l a r l t r - tM tin -m i. S ix Months p e rio d , befo re progrsJD as i n i t i a t e d cum ulative l o s t tim e days J u l y 1 , 1943 - through December 31, 1943 - 40 l o s t time days. The a c c id e n t frequency re c o rd i s th e Puget Sound Kaval Ship "Yard -- S h eet M etal Shop a t the p re s e n t d a te i s - 2.60 and the s e v e rity r a t s i s 15. S h is i t th e I n v e s t Shea t U otal Shop a c c id e n t r a te in any of the *J. S. Xaval Ship Tarda. She s a fs ty program has c re a te d a g r e a t deal o f enthusiasm and in t e r e s t among th e eiqoerviacrs and has been of b e n e f it to aary employees. She supervisor has learn ed th a t h is f i r s t re s p o n s ib ility i s safety and th a t I s so a rra n g e d to f i t i n w ith h is Job a n a ly s is f o r p ro d u ctio n . Be has le a r n a d t h a t ha must know th e se r u le s and s o t an example by l iv in g to th o r u l e s and re g u la tio n s h la s o lf . Be has lo o m e d th a t tho tucooss o f th e a fs ty program depends on h ia --th a t ths supervisor is lik e the keystone i n a atone arch and is the determ ining fa c to r in the success o r fa ilu re o f an i n d u s t r i a l s a f e ty program. Bo g ro a t i s h is success o r f a ilu r e t h a t , should he f a l l , the e n tir e pr ogr am mould ern sb ls as surely as the stone arch svuld e n a b le ears the taystens of poor qtm llty or im perfect construc tion T ith o u t the e rlllin g cooperation sod support of the super-riser and th e eopleyae t h i s s a f e ty program o f th e Sheet M etal Shop mould n o t hare been a suooss* and su c h o f th e c r e d i t r i g h t f u l l y belongs to them. They can talcs p r id e in t h i s re c o rd o f a 2 . SO freq u en cy , the lom est of arty o f tho Xaval Ship Tard S e t M etal Shops. I wish to thank, you fo r the ep p o rtm lty o f taking p a rt in the S afety Conference and hope th is is only the beginning of u y successful conferences in the fu tu re . CRMC-BER&FRO-OOl 523 oesgArTosi.T.. nrwci-crs1 9, Tanal Diecuesiun g s B c s a m g - 6* * jorA *zi! a * ion t h i i a fte rn o o n on occu p atio n al d is e a s e s , X h a lie r e 1 ana o f the Boat n sg le c te d o f a l l hazards not only in s h ip y a rd s, ML I n a l l o th e r type o f in d u s try . Of course va have a l l run in to thorn hors Donald*rod th -- and bar* done sh a t ve could to o e rre c t the hasarda, hut aa* th in s 1 th in k ve hare ovarlooked, is adequate te s ts for tho h a a a rd i and o ap a rim o n ta tlea i n T arioua g ases, furnot, d u s ts , o tc . 3fcoy ax* p a o ta n t I n a l l I n d u s t r i a l and X th in k a p r e tty pood oh fa&a been dona in c o n tr o llin g th a t* t h a t a re known, though va have overlooked t h e i r a f t o r ath* X th in k a l e t nere than a c tu a l p h y sical In ju ry , ve a re going to hare h aek fira an eocupational diaaaaes. In the next tan years 2 th in k theza la going to he Rare in surance p a id a u t a s a r e s u lt o f o ccupational dise&sos th a n l o r p h y s ic a l i a j v r i v a . Vs know v h a t In ju r y i s . I f a nan i s p a ra ly v a d aa a r v a n l t o f a f r a c tu r e d a p ia a , ve know th a t i s g o ing to ha a p en sio n o u t ) h u t ve d o n 't kam v h a t th e r e s u l t s Of eoaa o f th a a fu a a s w ill b*. C lin ic a lly the doctor* hero a p ra tty good id ea, hot fro the c la im cosing i n , va f i n d th e voxtaasn a r t b ia s in g in c h on co n d itio n s i n in d ustry* 1 be l l or S r. T am er, as a r e s u l t Of h ia experim entations and te a ts , can give you a cod idoa o f ^ a t I s happening in industry. X w ill aaU on Sr*. L, li. T am er and T rodarick d y f l o l d to tako over nos. T ig I. 1LOTD 1C. T42I3S, K.D. le a d , I n d u s tr ia l and A dult Hygiene S ection, W ellington S tate Department o f H ealth Member* o f tha eonfaranoe and g u a sts: Texh^i I should go in to the form al re emireven t o f O ffl e a n o f th e U. S. T u b lic He a lth S e rv ic e ! Ve a re alvecra asked to e x p la in b r i e f l y who ve a r e . I an on lo a n f r o a th e XT. S. T u b lic H ealth S erv ice to the S ta te o f W ashington, e rrin g a s Head o f th e I n d u s t r i a l and JLdult Hygiene S e c tio n o f the W ashington S tate Department o f H ealth. X aa speaking to you, however, s o t a s a f e d e r a l eatplayee, h ut a s a member o f the S ta te Departm ent o f S eal la Incidr.. _xlly X aa on te z a in a l leave and I as re a lly o f f ic ia lly w ith the S ta te Dt- -rti * n t. A ccording to our re c o rd s th e re were approxim ately 111,000 worker* in sha iipyard* i n tho S ta te o f V a sh ia rto n d u rin r th e --* ^or -` icr. o f the War Ship valuing rro g ra n . The se rv ic e s o f the I n d u s tr ia l and Adult Hygiene Socticro o f the S ta te o f W ashington Dopartmont o f goal ~h oonsiatod c h l s f l y of! 1 . k ed io al, engineering and nursing serv ices Assigned to a s s is t aaaagsesent in tha prevention of occupational d iseases, and t , Bae p ro a c tio n e f a c re e d e m a ta h e a lth e a r r io e s I n th e indus tr y in o rd e r th a t th ey s ig h t b a tte r oepo w ith both occupation a l and n o B ' c e tp a tlo n a l d ise a se problems o r , in e th e r words, W e t they s i g h t conduct a program e f p re v e n tiv e modi cal s a r- ' viaao* is V- CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1524 In iy.T U JA l* K.* - oontlnuad Throughout th e wax t h i i departm ent cooperated very c lo s e ly w ith th e TJ. 8 Bavy and M aritime ConmisBlon in t h e i r i n d u s tr ia l hygiene programs. Be exchanged in fo rm atio n fre e ly w ith them and our s e r v ic e s were so d esirred a s to supplement t h e i r work in the sh ip y ard s. l e alee oooparatod very c lo se ly w ith tho S tate of fachington 2op a rta o n t o f la b o r and In d u strio s, and to a l l in te n ts and purposes took care e f tho occu p atio n al d isease work fo r then since th e ir denar toon t had in adequate p ro v isio n fa r dealing w ith tho problem of occupational disoaso co n tro l. & u i our program elim inated the nocosslty of th o ir e sta b lish in g a program o f in d u s tria l hygiono. Throughout tha war we were extrem ely lim ite d in both p erso n n el and f a c i l i t i e s and th u s i t was ia p o s s lh le f o r us to do very much i n th e way e f re e e a re h . OqT g r e a te s t c o n tr ib u tio n , I b e lie v e , was in a s s i s t i n g the in d u stry w ith applying the knowledge r o ia tiv a to p reventive h e a lth se rv ic e s th a t had been gained elsewhere. Tha o cc u p a tio n a l d le o aso i in tho sh ip b u ild in g industry- a rc many and v a rie d . There a rc numerous occu p atio n al d isease hazards in clu d in g ex posure to ouch toado m ate ria l! as: to x ic d u sts, gases, vapors, m ists and harmful ray s. JLs a p a r t o f tho co o p eratio n bo tween tho Department e f H ealth and the Department o f la b o r and In d u strie s, tho l a t t e r provided us w ith copios e f a l l r e p o r t s e f o c c u p atio n al dlwoasa claim s. Tho so wars mnalysod in o r der th a t s te p s n ig h t bo taken to a tta c k those d lsoasoc most conaonly r e p o rte d . T roc October 1942, a t which tim e t h i s S ectio n was c re a te d and wo bogen roooiT ing those re p o rts , u n t i l January 1 , 1944, th ere was an averago o f 75 cceupo-tionel d ieeaso re p o rt p o r month from th e shipyards alo n e . D uring th o f i r s t s ix months o f 1944 th o ro were 32 r e p o r ts p e r month. Dur in g tho l o s t s ix months o f 1944 th o ro were 21 por month. During th o f i r s t s i x months e f 1945 th e re woro 21 p e r month. She p rin c ip a l c o n d itio n s re p o rte d a s o ccu p atio n al d ise a se s ac quired in the shipyards wars: Dermatoses Conja&wfclri-tii Isflscm atevy oreseesec P-Scpirc-ory oouuj. iaone Seduced from: 14 p e r month, 1943, to 7/mo. 1945 _ _ " * 7 9 . to le s s than 1 /ao .. 194- . to 7/mo*., 1945' 1 * * 4 /s o ., 1'--" Systemic poisoning ( in clu d at acute metal fuse fever) C" " * * 2 /a o ., 1945 M iscellaneous 7" * 1 2 /a o ., 1945 ^accuse of the tremendous amount e f acute metal f is e fe v e r ar.i the f a c t that the w elding i w i were b e lie v e d re s p o n s ib le f o r so many d i f f c - . a t U ln a ae ss wa a lso made a breakdown o f th a number o f a c u te oases e f m etal fte e fever ami a ta ta l a f a ll illn o s s a t due to welding fuses. Acuto notai fa ta r amt rw ceai f r e t fiT o p o r month i n 1943 to l e s s th e onn p e r . t * XH&4 a itile th o t e t a l e f a l l illn o s e o s due to welding fte o * was J ttM 'V . p a r aamth i n 1943 -to two p o r month in 1945. L, It. H n w r , K.D.. - oontiau*d 12. fc f 1st ui consider th* principal operations in shipbuilding which croat* potential health hasards. Host Important among thoso operations are: welding, burning, bracing, shrinking, painting, radius and x-ray photograph, sandblasting, eoaling, tinning, galrani ting and sherardizlng, electroplating, cleaning, bright dipping e tc ., insulating, cable (electric) pulling and in stallation. faiding. Earning and brazing.broadly speaking, include electric and acetyl. maiding, b ii brazing, cutting and shrinking. There are exposures to nuaeroua oxides of metals which are volatilized by these oper ations. Tor ewqale, thee* operations, when performed on galvanised cetal, produce time exlde fumes which are particularly prevalent in destroyer con struction. Shis operation proses ted a very real problem in tho early stages of the shipbuildij* program but the effects of inhalation of zinc oxides are cl oar cut, Z hope Sr, Elyfiold ill discuss the nodical consideration of exposure to zinc eodto. folding on rurfaees painted with laad based paints gives off lead fuses - th is will constitute a very real problem in.ship repair since x*zy eld lips are painted with layers of lead based paint. One reconstruction Job we studied reoently had five d istin ct layers of laad based paint through which i t was neoessary to bum in order to cut or weld* This, of course, led to high concentrations of lead fusos. S U S t t l haws encountered in these operations are iron ox ide, armsnlo, and cartel 1, while the gases fluorine, oxides of nitrogen, esene and oarbon monoxide a r t alee encountered. TSiliSLaSS. M oomnonly determined ty the U. S. Eavy end Maritime Ooosdssion in th eir eork, the reooaoendnd allowable lim it haring been sot a t 300 mgs, per 10 cubic meters. Te had very l i t t l e total fuao dotermina tion* sinoe i t was our fooling that th is gvro only a gonoral index of the to tal fuse but did not show how wish of tho idividual constituent* might bo present, thus we f e lt i t adrisahlo to dotorsisc each Important potential ly hazardous material indopondontly. The oxides Of nitrogen presented a sufficiently important problem to warrant our doing some independent research. This was particularly true in shrinking operation*. The death of one worker and the illness of two Others who had been shrinking in e small oempartsoni resulted ir. an engi neering study which revealed extremely higi concentrations of oxidos of nitrogen. ' ..uhzemjsnt eontrcl tudios indies Lei that thorn might hi- several influencing factors in producing high concentrations of oxidos of nitrogen such ca the presenco of water er oold metal"in contact with flanc. Those did not, >_rrr?vcr, j r _ l -- ; n-y n s L lc o a llo u i i o e t 0 proauction of oxidcr of nitrogen. The conclusions reaches, iron n i l study are: 1. Oxides of nitro gen can reach high concentrations in a very short time (4 to 7 minutes). 2, Treseaoe cf water er oold metal surfaces Live no noticeable bearing on the predMtien Of sides of nitrogen. 3. Concentration* wsre foiad to vary directly w ilt the rate of acetylene oenrerption. (Seo charts) lm exposures to maiy different typo* of dust wwro stadied, imelwdiac eueh closures as: sandblasting, scaling, grinding, as bestos, lilw r^S M , eta. Limited time this aftornoon will permit a diacus- 9im. ea ealy erne and jurteqn brief mention ef another of those dusta. ^ m u g a re oprR-'Tiorr ari rAZAr.vrcr From roiPE? cf NiTPCcr.N HazljRK Allowable lia i ta 25 Acute P hysiological F.erponse to NO? in Air S lig h t Symp Wax. fo r 1 Hour toms A fter Without Serious S rre ra l Hours D isturbance Dangerous to U fe in ^ to 1 Hour Ik rt* Per B illio n ty "Volile in Air 30-AO 50-100 100-150 K ills fcost Animals in Short Time 2AD-7D0 ! H am*I*- >* h<J ^ * 2 JZ +I>k l ta Cbddea of trogen Produced in Shrinking'' " f f e c t of Trrch S ite on Production of Oxides of K itroreh" Sise of Tip Acetylene '-onsunption (Cubic Feet per Hour) Average Concentration (Farts per I'.illirr. rf *0- ' l 15.9 38 6 ' 31.6 90 s 60 u 210 ID *0.5 TR0 12 175 352 Produced in 4-7 mistes in ccarparusent of approx, 700 f t ,- 5 vrlme * S e ra it e f te r t* by S ta te of la s k in rto r. Department of S ealth --V-1 i-=5L.. CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1528 Im X, faTTHr. X . D " - oontlnued 1.;. L e t tti o o n sld sr f i r s t the problem of exposure to a sb e sto s. The d u s tie s t o p eratio n s experienced were those involving an o slte --a lo n g -fib e r-- ed fo n t of asbestos. Shis m aterial is very dusty hen handled dry, and o o ats in b u lk , b la n k e t, o r r i g id fore* Operation* in i t s use in clu d e hand out t i t , c u ttin g w ith band saw, easin g in to o a ts , e tc . C oncentrations found ears c a ll over reooananded allowable U n it. She exposures found scorned to bo s u b s ta n tia te d by ap p aren t cases o f a sb e sto sia re p o rtsd in occupational diseaso claim s. Dr. S ly fie ld w ill probably have sooething to say about th is piobloo in connection w ith the medical a sp e c ts o f asb esto s exposures. The d u s tie s t operations from a s b e sto s wore not on board ships t a t in p ro fa b ric a tin g shacks. S ince th e re has been so much d isc u ssio n about f ib e r g la s s 1 f e e l th a t Z must a t le a s t mention i t although time w ill not perm it any d e ta ile d discussion, fib e rg la ss p a rtic le s , as reported in the lite r a tu r e , are too la r g e to e n te r th e sm all tis s u e s o f th e lungs and th u s we have n o t soon f i t , because o f lim ite d t i n s and f a c i l i t i e s , to make e x te n siv e s tu d ie s i n connec tio n w ith f i b e r g l a s s . 1 though we b e lie v o t h a t f ib e r g la s s d u st i s n o t a s e rio u s p o t e n t i a l h azard to th e l i n g s wo do hope to in v o itig m to t h i s p ro h i an f u r th e r s a d r e g r e t t h a t wo hsvo boon un ab le to do so h e re to fo re . Z s ig h t say t h a t wo have had no ro e eon to b o lio v o t h a t anyone has boon in ju r e d from tho in h a la tio n o f the fib e rg la ss d u st. She use o f ra d iu s and j - r e r in in d u stry p re s e n ts a v e ry d e lic a te and s e rio u s p o ta n tiil h e a lth problem. Sadlum s a lts a re used a t azy stag e Of sh ip c o n s tru c tio n and a t most any tim e or lo c a tio n w ith in a y a rd . Doe to tha apparent in sig n ifican ce of a s s s l l v ia l o f radium s a lts , operators o th e r w orkers become c a r e le s s i n h an d lin g i t . S e rio u s exposures to r a dium and x -r a y were found i n our s tu d ie s where th ey were l e a s t ex p e c te d . Jtadiua s a l t s s to re d te m p o ra rily i n ehackm a d ja c e n t to ways o ffe re d to s u s p ecto d exposures to o ffic e workers. To nlso found th a t p o rtab le carry in g c o se i do n o t alw ays in r e r o safe c o n d itio n s in t h e i r immediate v i c i n i t y . In conclusion I should lik e to point out th a t as a re s u lt o f our oonblztfd e f f o r ts in determ ining the causes o f occupational d iseases and th e e f f e c tiv e use o f v e n t i l a t i o n and o th e r c o n tro l measuree we have accom plished r e s u lts which have been d e f in ite ly r e f le c te d in the red u ctio n of th e number Of o ccu p atio n al d isease claim s subm itted by shinyard workers. In comparing th e average monthly number of o ccu p atio n al d isease claim s f ile d by sh ip y ard s a r to r s i n 1943 w ith th o ss f o r th e f i r s t s ix months o f 1945 a re d u c tio n in t o t a l o c f-^ fti-n n a l d ise a se c l " 1-*:- o f ov er was r o a li^ c d l f. V r a c tic s lly a l l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s o f ac c u sa tio n a l d ise a se s showed a reiu rticn as I o u t in xy iu x ro au cx o ry renames. Ths two larges*, co>- TIPICAL : 0?!- KTIAI rM' LTP HAZARDS in .-h i: taf: iPttiATi.Ns: r ----------------------- Operation P o ten tial Kasards R acauendei Maxim Found* Allowable M alt in Shipyards 1 sid in g , Burning and Brazing Oxides o f Nitrogen Zinc (hide Lead Iro n Oxide Areerle (Trioxide) C ac^iw Total Foes Fluorine 0|OM Carbon Monoxide ?5 ppm 150 ag/10 *3 1.5 * 300 1.5 " 1.0 " 30C 3 PF* 1 100 50 PP , A16 fcgAC 3 15.1 " ?f-5 " 0.13 11.1 * Pi* Method of Saapllng Vacuo* PissVs Precl p its tor 1 fl Precipi ta to r , Absorber CO in d ic a to r Aha cri *r Shrinking Otidee of Nitrogen Fainting -Arians.tJ t So: c a ts Lead Zinc Cfaroaate RPhadoitxograkphXy-Ray I (nr**e)-rBy* ?5 100 1.5 1.0 0.1 PJ* ppa cAO n? " roentgens *0 ppa IT pp* in excess of C .l roentgens Vacuus F lask s, Absorber Benzene In d ic a to r P r e c ip*ita to r , absorber Minoaeter S a n d b la stin g , Sealing, e tc. S ilio s Total Dost Ld 5 *PPcf 50 " 1 .5 * g A 0 *3 Tim ing Lead A crolein 1.5 gAO *3 1 ppn G alv an izin g , Sbererdixing Zinc (oxide) 15 D sg /lC n 1 e le c tro p la tin g B yaroehloiic Acid 10 Cleaning, N itric Acid (Oxides B right Dipping of Nitrogen) -?5 etc. S u lfu ric Acid 10 Cyanide 20 Aassonia 100 7 or*. *iebyde Chrtucf eld 1 Insulating Asbestos j 5 'ppa * " ar/10 r-ppcf ; 6i0 ppcf 0.2 ngA o 3 -- 6.5 ppa ?S " 2 5 nppef lapingrr, I.oni*eter * P re c ip ita to r P re c ip ita to r, lap'.nger Absorber P racip itato r, Inpinger Abcrber m A bsorber, "Vafins* F lask s Absorber . Iapinger Cable ( I l e c - r b x c rlaA*d fctph~ _> . > 1 -! -- k Installation Many of th e se M a te ria li aln o er^ Capabr 'V rw .tt.is Absorb: *7re a te s t conucted by th s S ta ta of Naehington Eepartaent cf E ealth. ppa - p a rta p er i l l i de by olu* in ai? mg,1 0 3 - M llig ra a s per 10 cubie ter (pprox. a caso! c f a i r braathed T>cr er^in p dT). *PPeF - b illio a partici** per cubie foot of ir . CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1530 PWl'Sw. # > o m s i & D T guig^ ft, T~ f o r t T * >W* w ith o u t aay f u r t h e r ado, we w ill c a l l on Dr. T re ie rid c S l y f i e l d , who l a rw oognited a t one o f th e le a d in g h e a r t and lung s p e c ia lis t* i n th e S ta te o f Taefaington and. who has had more exparlance in diagnosing and t r e a t i n g a o a q a e tio n a l d ia e a a e s o f the lunge than anyone I know of ir. this i rggnTP-rr:? k.s. O en tleoenj In looking over th i e x c e lle n t program I f e e l ex trenely g r a tifie d th a t such a th in g has been p u t on h ere. I suppose i t has been done h ere, th e re and elsew here, b u t i t la the f i r s t tine* I have seen anything lik e i t . !>r. T a m e r h a i l a i d o u t eoae th in g fo r you t h a t anybody can soc and u n d erstan d . Ur. Jo rd an asked ae to say a few words about th e o f f s e ts o f c e rta in in d u s tr ia l hasards iro n the doctor1s p o in t of view: 1* T e l d in g Tunes 2 H itro g en Dioxide 5. Asbestos 4 . T ib ro u t Class S everal f a c to rs a re p re s e n t in the a rc w elding procees which nay be co n sid ered . There is the saoke, cos&only c a lle d " fu se s " , co n tain in g fin e ly divided p a rtic le s o f iro n oxide and in the case of galvanized s te e l, sin e oxide i s added to th e fu se s. A lso there i s n itro g e n dioxide which wanet i n e s can see tr o u b le . Judging by tho oonplaints p resen ted by nen cosing to our o ffic o , i t would se es th a t the B est cem on ill n e s s a r is in g asong w elders i s M etal Tubs Twvwr. Xvery w i d e r a p o a re n tly knows som ething a b o u t t h i s c o n d itio n and the illn e s s has freq u en tly been re fe rre d to as "galvanize poisoning*. This i s an acute illn e s s o f b r ie f d u ra tio n , iro n a few hours to three days, which u s u a lly ooaes on eerreral h o u rs a f t e r e x c e s siv e exposuro. The c h ie f sym jtoas a re f i r s t a sw eetish ta s te and sense of w oarinoss, soon follow ed by c h i l l s and f e v e r and so a etim e i by p a in i n th e c h e s t. Those kavo boon the c h a r a c t e r i s t i c symptoms f r o n t i n e ir s e a c r i& l. Tho d is e a s e was recog n is e d a hundred y e a r s ago end a e ro , b u t asny w eldors harvo added o th e r syup-- torn* such a s ba ckach e , headache, c o n s tip a tio n , d ia r rh o a , c h ro n ic f a tig u e , lu n g homorrhago, i m a a i B , h e a rt d is e a s e , v a rio u s sk in c o n d itio n s and oven se x u a l in p o ten n y to th o l i s t . Those l a t t e r do n o t r e p r e s e n t g c lv m iz c poi so n in g . Eowwver, th e r e i s a narked tendency on th e p a r t o f th e w orker to p r s a s n . h i s sy e p to n t, w hatever th e y nay b e, and th e n p ro v id e h is own diag n o s is t : :.:-h I* in v a r i a l v v "-^ivsnise n o itu n in g * . h u t a l Taae T c v tr i s the g e n e r a lly a cce p te d t e r c f o r t h i s d i aos.se and < t ay p n i --c l 1y ` in,, lu c e s r e s u ltin g iro n the cc2*i:ir of tin e , b ras* , n ic k a l, a lu n im a , copper, s ilv e r and m ercury, and perhaps seno o th e r B e te ls found i n th e w elding ro d e . As a r u le tho p a t i e n t i s o u ita i l l f o r a day or.tw o and then re s ic e * sic ^erk, feelin g as w ell a t ever. I t is a oo=s=on p in io n eaong w e ld e rs t h a t th e c o n d itio n b it b t p re v e n te d by d rin k in g ilk sad there appears to be eoae ba3is fo r the p ra c tic e . She fu ses a r is in g iro n the w elder' s a rc c o n ta in b o th gases and f i n e l y d iv id e d p a r t i c l e s o f a s t a l . I x p e r i a e n ta l work has shows th a t both th e n itr o g e n dio x id e wad th e s in e o x id e fx n e i can cause tro u b le and in acne in rta a o e m t s Tie iro n oxide d u st. T ltro g o n d io x id e i s a lin g i r r i t a n t . Share 1 l e s s s itm e r a dio x id e g iven o f f in welding w ith the coated rods t e a w ith th e m e a s ti- i. A few case s o f pneueonia have been r e p o rte d ir. CRMC-BER&FRO-OO1531 rnirtgfc J ^ 2 ,. - continued which I t appears th a t n itro g en dioxide in h a la tio n has 'beer, the cause. Eo?-. ever, a study o f 864 oaeei o f pneumonia In the Xaiaer Shipyards a t Rich mond, C a lifo rn ia l a s t y ear showed pneumonia was no more oosnon among weld er* than aweng o th er c r a f t . K itrogen dioxide i t recognized as a r e s p ira to ry i r r i t a n t howevera and ahould he avoided. The in h a la tio n of iro n d u st (Iro n oxide) in considerable concerrtr a ti o n has been known to produco s u f f ic ie n t d ep o sit in the lungs to p rv sont a n odulated appearanco In tho x-rn y film . I r e c a ll one such case in & man whose work oonsistod in g rinding stove tops w ith on omory whool. "hero was no i l ln e s s and tho d ep o sits o f iro n g rad u ally disappeared. Im p o sitio n o f iro n in tho lung opparontly does not occur unless the work is done in v e ry clo se q u a rte rs and the iro n dust co n centration i s high. Sven though the ir o n dust d e p o sit i s v is ib le in the x -ray, I t seems to produce p r a c tic a lly no ^w ptons. In a case re o e n tly examined a t our o f f ic e , tho workman had in h aled a co n sid erab le q u a n tity o f iro n p a r t i c l e s in & grin d in g p ro c e ss. So such iro n d u st was c re a te d in the form o f h o t sparks from the g rin d in g wheel t h a t tho workman' s g la ito s wero m ottled with 'the tin y a rtic le s s tic k in g to tho lo n so a. She g lassos f e l t lik e sand papor and oould no lo n g er ho. usod. Tho p a t i e n t ' s com plaint had nothing to do w ith t h is undos ira b lo atoosphore how rror, and the x -ra y film o f tho ch est was p e r f e c tly normal* k s ww have said* i t i s recognized th a t a w elder any in h a le iro n d u s t which may produce a modulation in the x -ra y which i s known a s arcwelder' s ild e ro iie * . J u t a l l the evidence indicates th is condition is not a menace to health* causes no d ie a b lllty and does n o t le a d to tu b e rc u lo sis o r o th e r d is e a s e s . Mast o f the i n n i i c a rrie d upward, w ith mucus and gradu a l l y ex p e c to ra ted . Many sen who in h a le la rg e q u a n titie s of iro n oxide weld in g fu ses w ithout adequate v e n tila tio n , s u ffe r temporary re s p ira to ry symp toms lik o tho so o f a s i solo cold o r b ro n c h itis . Thoy u su a lly r a is e n l o t o f grey, brown o r b la c k sputum fo r n fern days m i o fte n ccn sln in a ls o of cough, i l l synmtona subside in a fow days unloss thoro i s eons o th e r f a c to r not ro la to d to tho iro n dust. la rg o number o f eon have come to our o f f ic e , during the gro u t sh ip b u ild in g p o rio d , eo sp lain in g of symptoms a r is in g from nxoosure to s in s , fumes. Those man nro a rc woldors o r b r n c r * working on golvnr.isod s t e a l , o r tho/ arc non o f eth o r c ra fts asso c ia te d with o r adjacent to tho -solders. These men g o n e ra lly s e ll us th ey n o tic e d a l o t of ix lv a n iz e smoke, t h a t th e .r.ja k e r was n o t working r ig h t o r th a t sene c a re le s s workman n e a re r' d id no+- bav* h i t :lcoc c t o th M u *. itv x e wmie li f t e r me p a tie n t a r r iv e d horns* be f e l t a l i t t l e nausea c r a sw eetish ta s to , he bocanc wry weary and soon had a c h i l l follow ed by fo v er. Sono arc w ell in tho morning. O thers ro q u iro two o r thro- -y e to reco v er. I f tho n a ti out i s peon during th is tomoorsry illn e s s , a vT riable fover i s re g iste re d by the tb o ra o a o te r ad gemor a l l y a lo u so c y to sis i s found. Tant i s on insrouso in w hite o o rpusclos y u s t a t wo fin d in v a rio u s in fe c tio n s . O ften thoro i s a dim inution o f v i t a l ca p a c ity . U sually the f o r e r subsides in 24 hours o r l e s a . le s o mon hero had overo coughing and o c c asio n ally the couch has omused vom iting. 411 symptoms quickly subside how v er, and we seldom fin d ylhlec am i y In e tio n . Barwly the in h a la tio n nay be s u ffic ie n t to p ro - Amos a oerarw acute tro n c h iti* c r eves paeaaonia, but these saeoi a re a b # l a tMs W t s t wh*n tho nusber o f men exposed I s considered. So one At A * * th a t aar pom eonnt changas occur in the bro&thing CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1532 cont irrue d app aratu s. i l l p a tie n ts seen by u i 1b th is connection have been put through a routine examination consisting of the follow ing: examination of nose, th ro a t and sinuses; p h y sical exam ination o f the h e a rt and lungs; B.P. read ing; r i t a l eapaoity; u rin aly sis; sedim entation ra te ; fluoroscopic and x-ray film o f the c h e s t. We have been ia p re e se d by the f a c t th u t in the la rg e m ajo rity o f oases n o th in g abnormal i s found except c in o r th in g s having no r e l a t i o n to in d u s try , which nay be found in tho g en eral po p u latio n . Mazy r e p o rts i s th s l i t e r a t u r e in d ic a te th a t men who have had m etal fu se f o r e r oaoe o r t r i o s acq u ire a c e r ta in degree o f immunity o r re s is ta n c e to i t . Z d o n 't f e e l sure ab out th is thyself, as re hare seen many jen who t a l l us they g e t in to tro u b le a s soon as th e y smell the futacs agai n. S h is , perh ap s, way bo ex p lain ed on tho b a s is o f fo u r. Thon a man has boen a c u te ly 1 1 1 , cron lo r a f o r h o u rs end knows i t r a t duo to x in c v o id in g fu s e * , ho th in k s ho i s going to bo i l l ag ain a t soon as he c o n ta c ts tho fumos. l o t some do haro re p e a te d a tta c k s of motal fm o f o r e r and wo b a rs had tho i p r e s s i o n t h a t o o rta ln eo n bodomo so n s itlx o d to tho fuaos so th a t t h e i r o n ly hopo o f av o id in g tro u b lo i s to chaago th e i r typo o f work and sta y away iro n tho fm o s . Of oourto i t i s h ig h ly d o sirab lo th a t o rc ry e f f o r t bo made to p re v e n t the in h a la tio n o f *noka and fu se s as r o l l a s TDd.no oxponmo to a l l o th e r o c c u p a tio n a l h a sa rd s. In h alatio n o f asbestos d ust say produce cough and shortness of b re a th and o c c a s io n a lly weakness and c h e s t p a in s , Advanced d ise a se may show b lo o d s tre a k e d puttie, cy an o sis, and clubbed fin g e rs . I t h as been shown by many i n v e s tig a to r s , however, in th is country and abroad, t h a t a rc s b e r of v s a r t' exposure i s necessary to b rin g about the above s itu a tio n . M eriwether, describing oonditlons in Xnglish p la n ts, shored th a t a zinistas of seven y ears' exposure to h ig t concentration of asbestos d u et was n e c e ssa ry to produce a e o rio u s dogroc o f re a c tio n . In aab o sto sis, tho xvrsy film prosonts a fa in t haziness througbo u t th e low er ltfflg H o ld s and sooo evidence o f chronic p le u ris y iE u su a lly eocsu I n f a r advsncod c a se s, which wo v e ry r a r e l y sod, th e x -ra y shows a d lffu s o shadow throughout tho lu n g f i e l d s which has boon compared to ground g la s s a p p earan ce, flo c k o d odt i l i n g on a hazy background, is b o s to s is dees n o t lo a d to tu b o r e u le s ls as s i l i c o s i s i s known to do, b u t o f i t s e l f s a y bo d is a b lin g o r ovon lo a d to d eath . There i s l l t t l o tho doctor cen do beyond removing tho patiem t fro* tho asb esto s atoosphere. A sbostosis fo rtu n a to ly docs n o t hot tho s i l i c o s i s tendency toward p ro g re ssiv e f ib r o s is . T ith m ild ease.', g m o m lly syrr-tar* subside .nftci rnovai fm n tho .danger. Tibrous g la s s , g la s s wool, fo aa g la s s and g la s s board: Ths f i r s t f ib ro u s 1*** r * i r I n t h i s country f e r comaerc-i-. use was i n Ohio i n li-34. So our exp erian o e i s H a l t e d as to t i n e . F o rev er, i t has beer, c le a r ly shown by D r. Gardner and o th e r workers t h a t no pneum oconiosis can a r i s e fro* exposure to these products b e w s o fib ro u s g lass is not inh& lable. Shat i s , i t does not reach the lu n g s. The sp ic u le s of g lass are caught in the upper re sp ira to ry passages and prom ptly carried out. In tho s ta te of Okie h ers th e Owwns O om ing F ib e rg la s s C orp o ratio n i s lo e a to d and where f ib e r la s s m s f i r s t used o o m o rc ia lly , th e re has n o t boon a sin g le d a i s f e r w exter1 s oosycreoatton baeod en pulmonary disease a ttrib u ta b le to f ib r e u s g la s s . Mazy men h a re oo^& ninod o f sk in i r r i t a t i o n as a r o n l t o f tem dH ag thee# g la s s p ro d u c ts , and th o rc eon bo no doubt such i r r i t a t i o n i * *7 flueetftff'irilQo, b u t no cose i s rooorded ir. which cay skin d is e a s e Vsd. f i d s M a i r r i t a t i o n r o q u ire s o n ly s e v e ra l washings w ith 015? CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1533 k .S .. - continued IS. and * U r to r g r i p r a c tic a lly a l l the acic lea of g le e s, as they are very superficial* Seas e x c e lle n t work has been done here and a l l over the cour.tr>' in the p r o te c tio n o f the workman exposed to p o ssib le in d u s tria l hazards and ore i t y e t to be done, in sp ite o f s a f e ty p ro v isio n s, there aro instances hers the employer i s oaroloss or nogligont in the use of these nrevisions and thero a re abundant im ta n o o s whoro tho workman is c a re le ss and n e g li gent. She asp ley o r cannot bo absolved o f blame fo r an accid en t ju s t boeaaeo ho baa p a t in c e r ta in p ro te c tiv e ap pliances, i f he has f a ile d to seo th a t th ey ark* to the o th e r hand, the workman cannot co n scien tio u sly a t tr ib u te h is d is a b ility , accid en t o r i lln e s s , to h is work i f he refu ses to use p ro p e rly the p r o te c tiv e devices and methods provided. A g re a t many men who have cone to our o f f ic e w ith some com plaint admit t h a t th e y amoks fro a 20 to 50 c ig a re tte s d a ily , th a t on occasion they use an amount o f liq u o r which would c e r ta in ly ren d er thorn uas&fo to drive a oar, and a larg e poroontago of tho ycuagor son arc try in g to got alone on f i r e o r s ix honra sloop those a rc personal s a t t o r s , n a tu ra lly l e f t to tho d is c r e tio n o f tho in d iv id u a l werkor but from tho d o c to r1s p o in t o f viow th e y o fte n saco xg> tho d i f o ronco bo tro c a good h e a lth and i l l n e s s , l o t whan d i s a b i l i t y o ccu rs, th s tendoncy I s to overlook bad h a b its and a t t r i bute the timo le e s to tho work in which nno i s engaged. In tho in te re s t o f o ffic ia n t production and fo r the health o f tho morkisgaan, i t la highly e sse n tia l th a t ojplcyor and esaloyao consciously o x o rt thorn.olvos toward tho ro d a s tio n of d i s a b i l i t y both on the job and o ff tho job. -Oo- &. X. 2 w ill ask Drs. Tam er and Slyfiold to ans-rar any questions which may bo p u t. Q Zs th e r s any ears f o r s ilic o s is ? A (S r. S ly f ie ld ) That i s on* o f the th in g s I was checking up on a t Saranac t h i s n a t i i 2 h e s ita te to o f f e r any promise when we do n o t know too *xch -b o u t i t , I do n o t approve o f the n ra c tic e o f some p u b lic a tio n s in fw ttii. -^ e u l s e x c ite d about cures when the medical p ro fe s rio r cannot back th an Ul>. d o c to rs Gea_ner and George f r i g h t a rc doing some v ery p r o d Fix* work In the use o f a ltc in tfc hydrate in th s control o f s i l i t c -- s i s . They tin --o* tl x i h - t h u t t l r y c--;; ...suauu cut taoy foci rs ry d e fin ite ly th at they can stop i t --they can stop th is progressive f ib r o s is which has boon the bane o f tho p a s t w ith s i l i c o s i s . . . th is te n dency o f the s il i c o s i s nod-1, to *n en larg in g and causing a fib ro u s mass u n til- th e rs i s n ' t any b re a th in g space l e f t . D rs. Gardner and f r i g h t f e e l they a re g e ttin g somewhere and they a re usin g the trwaUnent a m iners in the Lake S uperior re g io n where they have the miners oose A c f o r tre a tm e n t, s ie p ly in h a lin g the aluminum hydrate fo r a p erio d f a few K izctes f a r about fiv e months and th is , they f e d , stops the p ro g re ss Of the Liwoas a. I t a^ n aro n tly does n e t e lo o r up the aoadltior. "2 ready e x is tin g . 5h*7 f e d th a t ty u sin g tho treatm en t during the mmrm mt aa^leymetit, they can prevent tho development o f s ilic o s is . CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1534 Q u o tie n t - ftogiaa& anal S l m w i - continued 20. Q Dr. T a m s rt Ob th is in te r e s tin g d is c u s s io n o f s h rin k in g , ns th e re aiy opening a t a l l la th a t n a i l compartment? A (Dr. T a m e r) i t I r e c a l l , th ere was no forced v e n tila tio n , h u t I am going to c a l l ea Ur. T rask le y , who d id the re s e a rc h on t h a t . (Ur, id l e y ) 9 u study a t made i n a cospartm ent having one h atch le a d in g from an a d ja c e n t 00apartm ent which hod only n a tu r a l v e n tila tio n . Q Dm re a so n I eay t h a t i t i s I n t e r e s t i n g i s t h a t a t our C a lifo rn ia o p e r a tio n s in 1943 ee had considerable d if f ic u lty w ith th a t Tory problem nobody re c o g n ise d i t . l e made a l l k in d s of w elding te a ts and overcame welding problems h u t they did a l o t o f shrin k in g on tra n s p o rts below decks and had more o o e p la in ti about t h a t than an y th in g e ls e . I can w ell ia a g in e th e condition. was s i a i l a r to the one t h a t you d e sc rib e . A (Dr. T a m e r) Te can ' t understand why i t didn' t come to our a tte n tio n . before* I s to lo Ur* J d lo y 's th ra d o r bocause ho has prep ared a p a p e r on t h i s which w ill bo p u b llsh o d in tho Jan u ary , 1946 i s r t u o f "The OoDoml In d u s tria l Journal of In d u s tria l Eygleno and Toxicology*. . ind I night add t h a t b efo re ac cop tin g tho a r t i c l e , the e d ito r o f the Jo u rn a l in q u ire d a s to tho aothod mad c o n tro l o f tho e n tir e o x p e ria e n t. Q I t h as cobs to v a tt e n t i o n t h a t a t s e v e ra l d i f f e r e n t tin e s p h y s ic ia n s have signed in d u s tria l re p o rts going to the S tate Department o f Labor & In d u strie s giving th e ir im pression th a t the e^jloyee had s ilic o s is . Is i t p o s s ib le f o r a p a t i e n t to have s l l l o o s i s when he has had no c o n ta c t w ith an y th in g but iro n and had no p re v io u s c o n ta c t, o r would th a t be sid ero sisT I ask beoaueo claim s wore awarded on th a t b a sis a f t e r a hearing, A (D r. S l y f i e l d ) fixe o nly th in g t h a t can produce s i l i o o s i s i s s i l i c a . A aen wart inhale s ilic a in fin e ly divided p a rtic le s and over a consider a b le p e r io d o f tim e. I t has been shown th a t even sen exposed to high c o n c e n tra tio n s o f s i l i c a do n o t alw ays dsTelop the d is e a s e . In a en-gp o f 100 men, w ith p le n ty o f s i l i o a in the abBOiphsre, th ey don11 always develop the disease and p ra c tic a lly none o f thos develop i t ia n e d ia tc ly . I t i s n o t p o s s ib le f o r iro n o r any o th e r d u st to produce i t . Of courso, one s u e t ro e li.ro t h a t thoro aay bo some s i l i o a i n connection w ith work with e th e r m otels. Tut thoro r e a lly is n ' t such sxcueo fo r la b e lin g a ease s i l i c o s i s u n lo ss i t i s , bocauso no nan dcrrolDps i t u alo ss you can soo if- in tho a - n r film , which shows i t d e f i n i t e l y . JL nan docs n o t have -~*y ty s p tc a s um lcrs i t i s scon in the x -ray f ilm s , so i t aoems to 0 t h a t i t i s n 't s i l i c o t i c isoloss th e x--m y shows i t , rogcrdlcss of s /r o to n s , i f tho m y docs n o t show i t , tho sysbtoms e re duo to scr_--' thi.'ig : l s ^ , -l^jru i s no sense i n c a llin g i t s i l i c o s i s . % I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g to teas* -that =amy o f our w e ld e r's com plaint a r e , to a la rg e e x te n t, te te c ra ry . T ith rcg o .1 to too le a d in h a la tio n , i s i t pos s ib le , i n burning o r wedding around p a in te d s u rfa c e s, to in h a le i t and i t i t cuB Q latlvs so th a t i t w ill become n ecessary f o r a man to ehangs h i t oeeqpatia&l A (S r, SLyfiaLd) I believ e i t i s , s i r , I think i t is a source o f ro asl-- daiwhle d i f f l c - l ^ r . I t i s p e rfe c tly p o ssib le th a t in tho burning of lew d--os a te d w w faoos, a man aay in tho courso o f tle o in h a le oneugh to oobmo t n i d l l 1 and i t i s o ta u la tiv o . Sow, I b e lie v e wo a rc u sin g m ostly . * % * ! jw ls ta ...,iB a ' t i t boooaipg a c a sto r to use lo ss and le e s load- * * sd p B m t* 1 - |t;~ - -'/Jr - CRMC-BER&FRO-001535 tta tittta r - f tw w - oontlnued 21. I t th e re a--p ir to to* ltn g s i s tb* fib * sanding d u st fre e woodwork!r^; p m U u i) 1 (fir. H y f l e l d ) X would say th a t I t i s quit* p o s s ib le fo r a nan to do welp s i l i o o d i i n t h a t 7 . I r* so b er in connection w ith the sa d tla t~ la g * f b u ild in g s w* us*d to so* e a s e l o f s i l i c o s i s . Again, i t was sur p r is i n g how M a ll a percentage o f non weened to s u f f e r iro n i t even though th ey wars any*sod e-rcr a p e rio d o f tisw . Presumably t h i s was boesoaft too dost I s o a rrio d out by the lungs. C e rta in ly , i f you have silies'-'ssafl dust I would consider i t a s ilic o s is hasard. Q On to rin k iw g , a g a in , X a c tio s on your c h a rts i t i s dangerous to l i f e in oo ao an tratian s a id a n lm ls were l i e d , f a s anyone p resen t in those a e a p a rtasa ts and wbat happened^ A (fir. Pmrwsr) A a r* a a re th re e m b working in t h i s room f o r m e two o r thxwo h o a r s . (Vs d u p lic a te d the c o n d itio n s l a t a r . ) Tor aoaa unknown reaso n a l l th ra * o f th a a Vaeam i l l . One died o f pneumonia and th e e th e r tea reooeere d . Shat i s tto th in g th a t s ta rte d os looking around, and t h a t i s to y osar work was dona. N a tu ra lly we bad o a r su s p ic ia n s as t what happened to th e n , and X w ight say the f a t a l d a i s was subm it-- tod to th e S ta te a f V askisgton fiopartw ent o f la b o r k I n d u s tr ie s and earn p an satlan was g n e to d . T 3T T IU T IW ft. X* Jordan! l o r some o f the work being done on the preven tio n o f o o c u p a tlo n a l d ise a se s I us going to c a ll on Ur. ?ra.nklyn V. Johnson, Safety D ire c to r of the X aissr Shipyards, P o rtlan d Area, P o rtlan d , Oregon. As Boot Of you know, Ur. Johnson was loaned to the Maritime Zozra ls s io n a s a s a fe ty c o n s u lta n t and i n th a t p o s itio n he stu d ie d th e methods being used in a l l the shipyards on the T est Coast. n m n T, JOHHSOE, S afety D ire c to r Oregon S hipbuilding C o rp ., P o rtla n d , Oregon 1 a a aflm id, gentleasn, th a t I aa going to be a poor s u b stitu te f o r the l i s t e d , speaker, Dsts la y s , o f o u r Mchaond l a r d . I say h a re t h i s , h o v erer, t h a t he hasa11; f o r a y e a r I sp e n t cy e n tir e t i a e v i s i t i n g con t r a c t sh ip y a rd s so. th e T e st O oait. That was In 1943 hen T e n tlla tio n p ro b I sks ir e a t t h e i r peak. Ten i l l h e re to hare a l i t t l e background to un derstand that Tou arost stop to think th a t in 1940, outside o f Scry y ard s, there ere soae 5 ,0 0 0 nen engaged in sh ip b u ild in g and r e p a ir on the c o a s t, em ployed by f l r s i ho had done ship so rk over a period o f y e a rs. In 1941 when the M e ritin g O o m lssie n s ta r te d to eapand t h e i r p ro g ra c th e y e n lis te d the s e rrio e s o f a m s b e r o f larg e o p e ra to rs in heavy co n stru ctio n work and tr ie d to aeke shipbuilders out of those people. R ey b u ilt up trenendoui organisations - 100,000 people in a group. In 1943, hen there ore h a lf a B illio n workers in the shipyard in d u stry on the T est Coast, n early 70 p e r cen t ere -aider the d ire e tlo n of these beery c o n stru c to rs. They had so id e a o f th e h asard o f sh ip b u ild in g . They had t c le a r n and le a r n the hard Caere are two g en e ra l p ro b le a s in sh ip b u ild in g ! I n those y a rd s here a h u ll i s on the ways a p e rio d o f so u th s and a t the o u t f i t t i n g dock a n t h o r t o , you can s e t lip a system o f v e n tila tio n th a t i l l stay p u t a reasonable tia e . There the ships are in the ays a week o r so , n o th in g could s ta y p u t a o re than f i f t e e n m inutes a t a t i a e . T e n tlla tio n pro b leas ere tremendous in these y ard s. r .tfr. o f equip o en tj buying e q u ip re n t iro n v e n ti l a t i o n and blo-wer people he were a s k i n g or. .:? 1-10 p r i o r i t y ana Irvin*, to supply a ULL-1: yen can sec h a t the sh ip y ard s .sere up a g a in s t. . Under the c ir c ta n c e s - .* th ey bed to use a fa n and then s ta y o u t u n t i l the a i r `cleared . Conti tior.s re la d and e haa w uy cosplslnss, and Ju stly so. But i t d id n 't tuio leng before each yard developed a ty cten of v e n tila tio n fo r i t s p a rtic u la r typ o f c o n s tru c tio n . I had the p r i v i l e g s o f v i s i t i n g p r a c t i c a l l y a l l c o n tr a c t y ard s on th e T e s t C oast sa d I arts a l i s t o f soae o f those y ard s which I thought pre vented a geed. p la n e f v e n tila tio n : 5 * 5 /. tea #f .'r5.rT Cel Ship, fo r instance, in th e ir L iberty progrse developed a ire vsn t i l a t ion th a t as rensrkably good. They assigned a eeepetent t* d e sig n a sh ip v e n t ila tio n system f i r s t , one th a t wouId be cc-- ith th eir construction p reen s., and they b u ilt equlpaent to f i t * a eat p e rt standard so th a t a t every stag s they oeuld .if. CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1537 ?! T- M TM 0? - mmtim mi 23. Datigli e e r ta ii. f l t t i a g i to v e n tila ta each tare of conatructioiu Ifcat eyU a varknd Mjr a ll. I t a p ra o tio a lly a l l d ilu tio n T e n tila tio n , rery l i t t l e exhanat* JLlait a l l of i t ai forcing a i r In , in (m u titi ! great nopgh W foro u t o r d ilu te th* bad a i r . l a t t a Pipa and S ta ti Coopany u t w trunici fron th in n ar hot-- tan a A i oh a 8 fv , in diana t a r i t h b ig tdI i m b lo w cri. At o re ry deck lo ro l they had aaotbor aectien. O thar A lp e v a ra b u i l t bjr o o ab in atio n v a s t i l a t i o n , bloving in a t tha b a tta and p o n t i l i e o t a t tfaa to p . ta n a la la a d uad th a aan* blo ar* i t h d i f f a r a n t f i t t i n e * , ith a a ta l ftaeta a t tha b atta o f each tank and axhauated froo th top cerner f tboaa eana tank* T try tu e o e itfu lly . Ihey oould ork w a t 15 -fo o t l e r a le a l l th a ay tg> by t b a t yatao o f o o ab in atio n fo rc o d -b o tte a and a u e tio n a t --top Tontil a t t e a . ra jy A ipyard doralopad a i T i t a th a t f i t t a d i t a p a rti co lar p re g n a . S ia to ry fa rd , hy and larg a, eaad an eties T w ntllation bacante thay had ao ra g a l v a n i o a id in g . Many o f th o ta y a rd ! -oaad a ayntas o f a n a li b lonar, 800 f i . o a sa e lty o r l a t a , to draw fro a th iK te d ia ta ara to a larga oaekar and bla i t ont iato tha ir. Sbat s tha pxpgraa g a o a ra lly fo llo a a d en tha l a a t Ooaat, Xach yard naad a ayataa o f i t a en* Xach y a rd had i t a a p ro tla a and aach a r a o tn a lly n hippad i t in i t i oim nay. 3bay d a n lo p a d a n a ia amat* T e n tila tie a ay ate* . Sona o f th a a had a coro d i f f i e u l t p reb laa than a ld in e f n e Tentilat io n to tak c a ra a f l tboaa yard b n ild is g f l o a tin g drydoeka had a d ifT ie x it p rab laa w ith o rtic a i hatchoa and p a in t feao v a n tila tio n and in n a a rly CTary eaaa tfaoy naad d ilu tia n T o n tiln tic n . a 1 m e s l y g i r i n e yen a b r i c f e n ti in e o f h n t e a t en, th&t la a ll I ocra to aay. - jtoJD O sazxzrr o r u s o u c s ? . i 3 t h s s s s io f i CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1538 turn nr b e t se?m ' X p re s e n ta tio n e f a co o rd in ated program by perso n n el from the T ugst &OTmd B arai Shipyard. L I. H. L. USLITOK, TLS.X.R., D iscussion Leader. (\i CPTltVfTi* A* a a t t a r o f In tro d u c tio n to the two men Iro n the Sayy l a r d , 1 would Ilk a to aaka a few o o m an ts. I t has been qy re a c tio n t h a t o fte n tim e s aafa^y andine or baro a p e rs p e c tiv e t h a t ie somewhat on the O rder o f th e renowned b i r d th a t e lways flew backwards because ho didn' t ear* where he was c o in h a t lik e d to oeo where he had been. Our s a fe ty o r g a n is a tio n s herrs been b u i l t up a f t e r the need has a r is e n . In o th e r words, in d u s tr y a i here b e fsr* s a fe ty and we had to go in and lo ck bam doors a f te r the horses had been sto lo n , fu rth e r then th a t, even in the war e ra , he n th e re was o e n s id a ra b lt esp h o sis on e a fe ty , 1 , p e rs o n a lly , knor o f no s in g le in sta n o # where en o rg a n is a tio n was b u i l t tp w ith a s a fe ty program p la n n e d end engineorod in to i t a t the o u ts e t. Sono o f thaa bed a thought towards sa fe ty , but the growth of the p ro g ru . In thoee establishm ents In l a t e r y e a r s was a rc h g r e a t e r th an th ey had a n t i c i p a t e d at* the s t a r t . But a g a in , i t has been a p ro c e s s o f lo c k in g doers to tr y to mend f a u l t s and ha wards th a t haws e x is te d by the n atu re o f tbs o p e ra tio n s. f u r th e r than th a t 1 th in k the engineers themselves haTe been la c k i ng in experience and e d u c a tio n to know how te p la n ahead, n e th e r e b e a rv n tio n i s t h a t fre q u e n tly , a s s a f e ty on, wo o ro r-m a h a s d ie s a fe ty and sake a f e t i s h o f i t to the p o in t th a t i t beooaes an Independent program th a t has so p o rt In the general op e r a t i o n o f th e p la n t we a r e working i n . I th in k th a t i s wrong. I f i t has to be independent end oan' t fu n ctio n as an in te g r a l p a r t , i t has no p la c e o r p a rt in the plant Vs s u e t be p r a c t i o a l . Ib s o n ly reason we h a re Lfety i s because i t i s e o o n e e io a l. I f I t weren' t , we would a l l be o u t o f Jobs. One example o f t h i s fo rw ard p la n n in g I th in k we e l l should do, i s one o f the shops in the Puget B arai S hip y ard known a s th e S erv ice and M aintenance Shop. 1 doubt v e ry neh i f t h a t shop was n u t in to ord.sten.ee because i t hod any th in g to do w ith s a f e ty , i t was b ro ught In to e x is te n c e because I t was an e f f i c i e n t way o f g e ttin g a Job done. I n c id e n ta lly , s a f e ty came a lo a .7 w ith i t , but 2 doubt rwry such i f the Safety O fficer gone to management and a id *we want I t because i t w ill p r e n d e s a f e r working c o n d itio n s.* I t was an e f f i c i e n t o p e ra tio n , a b e t t e r way o f doing th e Job. The h is to r y o f t h i s shop, a s I know i t , goes back some 20 y e a rs . I n th o o ld dqys, however, i t wasn' t on independ en t O p eratio n , i t was a g ra m o f v a rio u s shoos d e ta ile d to Jo . r t a i n th in g s th a t'H u d to do w ith p r e p a r in r n s h ip .fo r r e p a ir , La t a r , soeotimo around 1340; i t was so t up as an independent o rg a n iz a tio n and i t v u rosponsifclo fo r n il temporary in s ta lla tio n s aboard ship. Te h ere two gentlem an to ta l k to you, th e f i r s t , a Q u arter_ .n i s Shop 99 th e S e r r i oe and Iteintcnance Shop. Be i s going to t e l l you a l i t t l e h i t a b o u t v e n t i l a t i o n , ta n k esd*-, e tc . L a te r we w i l l hare a le a d in g a a n e l e c t r i c i a n who w i l l g iv e you eoo* Id e a o f how th e y go about e e ttin g up e le e t r i oel w iring th e sh ip . Mr. Trank T ils o n , Q uartem en, Shop 99, w ill g iv e ywu h i s s to ry ec t h i s p ro b le a . CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1539 ~v ' - rtf? j- TSJJCC TILSOS, Quarterman, Shop 95 ir e p a r a tio n S tr r ie e Shop, ?Uet Sound Naval Shipyard., Bremerton, Vn. H r. Chairman and Gentlemen: P r io r to 1940 the temporary serv ices in the Navy Yard were under the J u ri d ic tio n Of the X le o trie and Pipe hope. These serv ices co n sisted Of toi^ioraJT' mower, a ir , e a te r and ste a n . They were considered a necessary e v il and vara taken care o f by a fo r Jouraoymon w ith p lo n ty o f h e lp e rs. The v e n tila tio n was minor. In 1940 the to ip c rsr y aorvioos to ro sot up as a branch shop of the C ontrol Tool Shop and o onsistod of throe d iv isio n s: o lo c tr ic ia a s , pipe f i t t e r s and v e n tila tio n son. The equipment mas b u i l t up u n til a t the p re sen t tin * th i s shop oan oops w ith n e a rly any emergency th a t nay a r i s e . The v e n tila tio n departm ent was new and had to be b u ilt iro n the ground un. U n l i k e th e eafe ty organ! e a tio n s, as the L ieu ten an t has p o in ted o u t, who looked backwa rd to # ^ e n they had been, we, o f the v e n tila tio n , had to look forward a s ve had never beon enywhere. The f i r s t v e n tila tio n progran In the Tard was fo s te re d and begin by Mr. Jack P e l lows, who is now S afety Engineer fo r the T hirtoenth Naval D i s t r i c t . Proa p r a c tic a lly nothing, e ith e r in experience or equipment, uo have, I th in k , mdo eomevhet of a record fo r eursolvoe in the v e n tila tio n f i e l d , Vo harm a n ice o rg a n isa tio n of capable son, and have boon vory l o r t t n a t s in secu rin g super v is o r s who wore tremendously in te r e s te d i n the Job to be dene, sen who e ar th e need f o r the work and extended themselves to give s a rrio e o f every kind Ve never re fu e e v e n tila tio n serv ice to anyone a s long a s I t i s w ith in reason and can be in s ta lle d s a fe ly . Ve have male i t a p o in t to work as c lo se ly as p o esib le w ith our S afety o ffic e and I belie v * L t. Sasam and h is a s s o c ia te s w ill a t t e s t to th a t. The cooperation we have receiv ed fre e the s a fe ty crew leav es nothing to be d esired , O c f i r s t operation in tank work aboard ships undergoing re p a ir i s the t e s t i n g o f spaces fo r hydrocarbon eases and osqrgen d e ficien cy . Tor th i s work ws employ the M.S.X* Model 2 Z x p lo sin e te r and e ith e r V oile or Xohler S a fe ty Lamps. The explo sim eter i s very handy and easy to keen in doE d itio n . Ve have ono mechanic who spends n r n c tic a lly h is e n llr o time keeping t h i s t e s t i n g equipment in p ro p er working o rd e r. X t p re s e n t we have f i f t e e n men q u a lifie d to do the t e s tin g . The men have been tra in e d under the gtparv..slon of the Tard O bsclst and in accordance w ith tho vard regu l a t i o n s . ' v<en chosen f o r t h i s work tract -l^rifv a w illin g n e ss to ta in tho Job b efo re tiC. tra in in g begins, bocauco it. is a card Job. ro a u irin g a g re a t w a t o f d i n t i n g and tr a v e llin g about the sh ip . Ve re q u ire th a t h* to xr* Job T^tb. v -<- p s r f r r t l y rpdr.. 7.. _.uut n e t I _ .c any oonoeived id eas about the a i r con d itio n s w ithin the compartment to be te s t ed, and ho i s not to engage in arguments re la tin g to h is work. Z is turner- r i e e r w ill e o ttle anything o f t ^ . t nut-.*- - He must be s a tis f ie d w ith h is ta x is o r &0 the work over. I t i s n ecessary th a t he be so s a t i s f i e d w ith h is ta c ts th a t he, him self, w ill be w illin g to uork in the o o ep araen t. I b e lie v e , because e f t h i s p o lic y , *e have a err-* of co n sc ie n tio u s, hard--x r i la g men. Ve do not meed as la rg o a crew of te s te r* as no m aintain, br.t I t i s a good id e a to change th e men, s h i f t i n g then to tut.i l l a t i o n work f o r c h e rt p o rla d s . Our p r a c tic e has been to iep b e te s te r or. major sh ip s. C U li ams a a d l y oan oars f o r sev ere! emsll Our t e s t e r gees ships abas thsy f i r s t lend a t the p ie r to a s c e rta in i f the ship* s ha s a y th ls g to be te s te d , i f t e r th a t tho Jobs a rc dono os c a ll frt CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1540 Trank TilKm - continued Oxygen d e fic ie n c y has been our a a jo r concern during th is war, e s p e c ia lly in ship* c o sin e from the South P a c if ic where they have beer, sub je c te d to th e h o t t r o p i c a l c lim a te , ih e a i r in moBt -void Buncos has been found to be bad.' Iso , by reaeon of leakage, the hydrocarbon gasos ha-c boon ao ro abun d an t. Va e x p e c t tho o i l tan k s to show c a s e s , and th ey arc- shunned by f i l l u n t i l th e y havo boon th o ro u g h ly v e n t i l a t o d . .But workmen a rc lia b le to c in to wolds w ith o u t c a llin g fo r t o s t s . F or t h i s reason the t o s t a r B u st do a l o t o f B ia sio n a ry work bo s i doe n n sv o rin g tho r e g u la r c a l l s . Ee has a r o u tin e o f te s tin g aoraing aftern o o n on tan k s and spaces a l ready opened. Sanger boards are provided having a rack attached in to which the t e s t e r s lip s a card s ta tin g th e p e r cent o f hydrocarbons and con t e n t o f oxygon. The t i n e o f tho t e s t i s n o te d and th e card s ig n e i- T o r th e t e s t i n g o f earbon monoxide we use th e re g u la r U.S.JL t e s t e r s . Z t i s n o t p o s s ib le to in d ic a te how many t e s t s have been made f o r t h i s g a s , b u t to d a te we have en co u n tered b u t f o u r in s ta n c e s o f c o r t a s i n a tio n . She h ig h e s t p e rc e n ta g e has boon fo u r 'ono-hundrcdths of one p e r eenfc. Z had tho o p p o rtu n ity o f roading tho re p o rt Df tho Royal Chemist o f the B r i t i s h E e ry re g a r d in g Carbon Uonoxldo in n a v a l v o s s o ls . I f t c r making: *omc te n thousand to s ts he fcaad oso in ita a c o o f carbon monoxide, fiv e ono-hui*. drodths o f one p o r oont, To boat tho B r itis h th a t tim e. Z bolieve the r a r i t y o f t h i s g as i s duo to tho f a c t t h a t wo T o s t l l a t o f i r s t . 3 u t wc a ro o onstoctly on out g m rd . Te h a r t th e jo b o f b la n k e tin g ta n k s w ith COg g a s f o r w elding open- a tio n s . The in s tro p e n ts used fo r te s tin g in co n n ectio n w ith t h i s work o re the re g u la r Ors a t ad the Uare Zslead type t e s t e r . Tho O rsat i s r a th e r f r a g i l e an d we have Bade a p r a c tic e o f u sin g i t o n ly to chock tho Karo Islan d te s te r . This ln s trrc o n t c o n sists nf a sto o l cy lin d er about fo u r in ch o s h ig h and two and o n o -h a lf in c h e s w ide. I t has i n l o t and o u t l e t tubox and a vasuuB gnugn. Z t c o n ta in s 250 cc. o f 4U i 1.0.H. and 30 c s . o f kerosene to a c t as a s e a l. I t i s rugged and e a s ily u se d . The id e a l .condi t i o n u n d e r w hich to s t a r t a COg jo b i s w ith th e o i l l e v e l s i x t e e n in c h e s below the deck beams; alth o u g h the jo b m be done under about any condi t i o n , w ith th e o i l l e v e l anywhere below e ig h te e n in c h o s . Tho gas i s i n t s n - duood i n t o th o ta n k th ro u g h tho sounding tube o r any o th e r opening. ^ t ` m- p o x ary v o n t m u st bo ru n to tho to p s id e . Samples a ro tak en from the cadtv.. *st u n t i l * c o n c e n tr a tio n o f 50 i s raach o d . Tho f i l l i n g i s then d is c o n tin u e d , tho v e st -loeod and tho gns allowod a p erio d o f th ir ty m inutes to d iffu se oT ar t l _ s iirfc c o s i th e r f . . i f p o s s ib le a p re enure o f one to two in c h e s o f m ercury i s m a in ta in e d d u rin g ti w elding o p e r a tio n . T his i s n o t alv*vw poi. ''1H e b ecau se o f le a k s i s th t ta n k s . Kv -->-p t --' w ith o u t p re ssu re . Tnere is nothing com plicated about the process except th ai two jo b s a r e e v e r a lim e . T his means t h a t a v a r ie d s to c k o f equipm ent i s r e o u ir o d . To have accom plished a.rr"^A a thousand jo b s o f t h i s kind w ith o u t *i.shcp o f any s o rt. So ta k e c a re o f th e v a rio u s s e r v ic e s we sum ply, we have c a l l b eard s t h a t a re p la c e d on th e main deck. Theso b oards have pods f o r each a c t i v i t y . She wortcaen in d ic a te t h e i r w ants, g iv in g th e lo c a tio n o f t h e i r work. The b e a rd s a re checked e c n s to r.ily so t h a t no man has, to w nit f o r e a r r io o . Te s t o r e p lo n ty e f v e n t i l a t i o n ro a r ab o ard whar. th o sh ip a rriv e * I s the m m f a a a je r sh ip m i n s t a l l o u r S tu rto v a r.t SBOO-foot u n its as blewwrs aad packer*. & oee blowers a rc in s ta lle d on th e m i s desk and sheet frtnl n s i * t e too a h ip A o r c vor wo eon g o t d o -n . Zbeso d-iets a r c f i t t o i 1 * a ad ap ter m ie to a c & T o d a to f if te e n fiv e -in c h tubes which CRMC-BER&FRO-OOl 541 Trank T ilsan - continued 7> can be further nftuM i to t h i r t y th r * e-inch tube*. In th i* ay we car. reach nearly every pert of the ship w ith e x h a u s t and eunply. be use a loseter to te s t *ur v o lt * and T e l o c i ti e * . By t h i s Man* we have a feed oh*ale *n the efficiency of oeoh tube* i l l ncr. work In the yard is governed by a sat of regulations to which a* adhere eery s tr ic tly . Bnataatic blovors aro used exclusively for 11 and gas tanka. This is exhaust ventilation only. I t do not blow into tanka In ^aoos that aould oaus* a oontaalnatlon of other ports of the sh ip .. To fumlria fresh a ir to such oonpartoentB, we introduce fresh a ir into the spas* above and draw i t in by exhausting Iron the tank cr space boles. Ter other ventilation ve use a 550-foot Sovyer electric blower. Shis aachins has two intakes for three-inch tubes and a five-inch outlet. I t is portable and performs vary satisfactorily. This typo is used, along with the pcieuM-tio, an Aestrcpors and other sa sll vessels. I t requires a crei of six to eight sen to aalntaln the ventilation-on a m jor ship, while one aan oan serric* a destroyer. Tbs ventilation crew does not open sny tanks. This work is done by sh ip fitter* . I t is the duty of the aan wishing a tank opened, to ar range to here the work done. This procedure le v s us tine to have enuip- nent ready to in s ta ll as soon as the manhole cover is lifte d . The tube is dropped to the bottes of the tshk and the exhaustion begins, allowing l i t t l e or no aUso^horo from the task to oecapo. Before anyone ontors, the te st e r ill oo^lo to his work and post his finding on tho tank board. I s long as a aan aakos his sent known ho is taken oaro of as quickly as possible in accordance with the regulations and safoty rules. Jo men Aehld be allowed to stperviaa the ventilation crews un le ss he i s thoroughly safety xAnded. He is the asn who sust train the crews and safety is his f i r s t eoneem. The ventilation enuipoent must be in sta lle d safely and nalntalnod in that condition by constant patrol. He is a safoty sen from the tiao bo o h m s on tbojob u n til bo leaves i t . Ho man should bo lo f t on. a crew unloss ho can, and. will subscribe to 1 tho safoty rulos. I f ho cannot do th is ho is a aanaco and soonor or la te r w ill cause- trouble throughout tho whole organisation. . c il teaks are sy .n sd for varying period:*., washed dov*n and cleaned. J f te r thorough ventilation and testing they are ready to be worked in. Z-'r. '. ventilation sad testin g , however, are Continued a s long a s r n i t . &as tanks are subjected to eovonty-twe hours of stesn before -r-oninp. Tho greatest csro is token to cllxinato a ll hazard*. Tklle sen are in or about the tanks constant checks a r e nad* by the tester* Be also aakes periodic te sts until the tanks are closed whether cr not work is being don*. Vs ventilate fo r the sandblasters, using a 7000-foot Sawyer Thirl-- lad blower. Shis is rigged to a twenty-inch sheet netal dset which run* la ta the teaks through the htl of the ship. JL fog nozzle is used os the outlet side t# kL2 the d art. Shis procedure has reduoed the essdblastlng tieM by about b a s V p*r erat. I would lik e be aeration the a ir, water and steas eerTice*. Thoee Mder tperrision bnt I oar, giro a brief r t i w 'e f thorn, as M e as the ship decks. Manifold* aro plaood CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1542 tn a L Z llis u a - oontinued fo r , am idships u d a f t . I t eoon as p o ssib le th e r e a f te r , a i r lin e s , ly -in o h p ip , a r t n o on both tid e s o f the ship on the main, second and th ird decks. M anifolds a r t placed a t close in te rv a ls w ith extensions run n in g f a r t h e r down below d eck s. T his s e rv ic e i s g e n e r a lly coD eleted in two days. S tew lin o s are rtn fo r heating, laundry, galley and various othor uses. Temporary f i r e lin e s a rc stru n g about th e ship w ith convenient o u tle ts . Ur D raustad, q u a rto rn an p i p o f i t t o r , h as worked o u t n s o f f i c i a n t sy sto n f o r th e i n s t a l l a t i o n o f t h e i r a e r r io s s . A. n a jo r sh ip can be com p letely f itta d out in three days. 1 b e lie v e th a t about cover* the s u b je c t, Ur. Chairman. Thank you. UUTTT IT SELF SEM I? - U S U I - L t, C arl e tn a ! The n e x t a p aak ar i s U r. Z m e e t P o r t e r , lesA ingnan e l e c t r i c i a n f r o a th e ease ahop, who w i l l g iv e you tone id e a s on t h a t p a r t i c u l a r phase o f th e su b ject 4 f t e r be i s through th e re w ill be ample time f o r any ques tio n s you m ight wish to p u t, XBXST PQE2XB, L esdingaan Z l e c t r i c i s a , Shop 99 P re p a ra tio n S arriee Shop, Puget Sound Saval Shipyard, Bremerton, In . U r. Chairman and gentlemen: I r e p r e s e n t th e l e c t r i c i a n s in Shop 99 s Ur T i l eon p o in te d o u t a few a iz m te t ago, t h i s o r g a n iz a tio n was formed i n Ju n e , 1941. JLt th a t tim e we were m d e r s e p a r a te shops and 1 happened to be in t h i s shop a t th e tim e. Our equipment c o n siste d o f salvaged m a te ria l from the p a re n t shop. I t was sons to o s a fe . e had opon sw itch es and c a s t- o f f c a b le , b u t the equipm ent was th e h o s t we co u ld g e t. Then th e S e rv ic e & Uainten&nce shop m i form ed, o u r o qulpa e n t improved and --e have bo sn a b le to a f f o r d b e t t e r eorrioo as a r e s u lt o f being in a separato shop. I t is the duty of the e le c tr ic ia n s to i n s t a l l and m aintain in a safe manner, a l l tea'porary e le c tr ic a l serv ice used aboard ships m d e rg e iv . re p a ir o r eonairuetion. Included in our eerriee is supplying sh ip 's pcw jr. Than th e shiv cornss i n we have o u r own le a d s l a i d o u t to th e dock -A erc l t w i l l b e r m . xhi* f a c i l i t a t e , h o ck in g in>. To .mow f r o r -i-rperlsnee what th e l o ad w ill b s on each p a r t i c u l a r s h ip and by having our own c a b le s o u t. wo a re as:.7 -^i o f h e v ii^ urdpor a lso , le n g th , and lu g s fo r connecting. e le c t r i c i a n * .board sh in g e n e r a lly handle x n e tr ends o-' xne le a d s , th e rea.se- feT t h i s b e in g t h a t gangways a re n o t down.' They to s s a h eav in g l i n e down, h au l the c a b le s aboard and in a few m inutes th e sh ip i s read y to take power Mm th e dock. On th e deck we o b ta in c le a ra n c e f r e e th e power p la n t f o r the c i r c u i t on w hich we w i l l co n n ect, and th e c i r c u i t w i l l be when th e ship arrives wh i l e man ab o ard a r e w e rtin g on i t *-"-** we a r e c o n n e c tin g our end. have t it , b e fo re n e t t i n g i n im make a p r a c t i c e o f g e t t i n g aboard and In s p e c t-- * v r oacaestiees* There a r e eoae in s ta n c e s o f u n sa fe equipm ent w ith re s p e c t te shore t r a il h a r in g m p a e t i c lo c k s* These m ag n etic lo c k s on 440 ' . rtttp s are dyaaslta. Te hare had c a s u a l t i e s because th e le a d s su p p ly in g th e *es**tl la A c a lls do a c t bar* fu se p r o ta c tio n sa d when the l i d i s d o s e d iM d I s yiadH d and a fla A s h o r t - c i r c u i t th e bon. The D esign S e c tio n h M ^ y m s l raeawal a f theee l e e k s . m Im e s t P o rte r - continued Our d u tie s a ls o Include I n s ta lla tio n o f temporary cocm uniration lin e s aboard ship The telephone sw itch-board i s connected to the shores id e sw itc h -b o a rd "by p o r ta b le c a b le s. I e have te le p h o n e s a v a ila b le fo r the c a a ta in and o f f io o r o f the deck the f i r s t th in g . Than the h u ll supers intondont o r the production o ffic e r nay au th o rize in s ta lla tio n of a d d itio n a l phonos. On B all s h ip s , howeve r , you g e n e ra lly w ill have o nly two phonos Ob l a r g e r s h ip s ve have i n s t a l l e d ra d io r e la y le a d s , te le ty p e le a d s and te n or fifte e n telephones. Another o f our d u tie s i s the in s ta lla tio n and maintenance of e ld in g equipm ent. I n tho Bevy Yard th ey havo used sail t i p l e v o id in g eq u ip ment e x te n s iv e ly sin o e 1940. P r i o r to t h a t wo bad c o n sid e ra b le d i f f i c u l t y w ith sin g lo --sms amohin lo a d s duo to tho m ny lo a d s g o in g aboard i n t e r f e r in g w ith people working over the side o f the ship. 37 using m ultiple void in g equipment, those serv ice leads are concentrated. Some p e r t i n e n t f a c t e concerning w elding: Ye must keep o u r grounds and leads a tta in e d to the saao ship. In o th er words, i t is n o t perm issibio to void on tv o s h ip s w ith one machi no. 1 B ureau o f X ngiM oring l e t t e r th a t s tra y c u rre n ts flow ing botvoon ships n ig h t cause daaago to h u ll p a in t and p r o p o llo r s h a f t b e a r in g s . Cb v o id in g obi on d ir e c to r s o r any o th e r equipment ncunted on b a ll bearings vs u su a lly use single-erne m achines, run ning both lead s to the d ire c to r, e l Inina tin g any cu rren t flovlng through th e b e a rin g bed* l e havo been u sin g g la s s and n a i l --sh o o tin g guns f o r th e p a s t few y e a r s . These a r c g e n e ra lly used on s in g lo --nan m c h in o s o f 30C a=p. eapasi^r. A nother se rv ic e i s the in s ta lla tio n o f te rp o ra ry lig h ts and power. Segardlesg o f the type curre n t sdiieh a ship u ses, ve run a three wire 12&-250 T. d i r e s t e u rra n t c i r c u i t fo r te sp e ra ry l i g h t s and power. T his ~ur-- r e n t i s d is tr ib u te d from a c e n tra l lo c a tio n on the sh ip . The sw itch stan d s a l l o r a c o n c e n tr a tio n o f s e r v ic e a t one l o c a tio n , c u t t i n g down le a d s and g iv ii^ adequate b la c k -o u t c o n tro l. In o th er ro rd s , tv sn itch es a t tho m ost v i U su p p ly a l l l i g h t i n g to p sid e* One nan co u ld th ro u th e s n itc h e s i n J d enor^cncy' A l o t o f the p o rta b le equipment c o n sistin g of e le c tric d r i l l s boring b a rs , b o ile r tube tu rb in in g m otors, stud w elding gun co n tro l c i r v d t a some ty p e s o f v e n t i l a t i o n b lo w ers, b a t t e r y c h a rg in g and e t c . , use d i r e c t c u r r e n t, .1?.ttt3T, th e r e i - u r-a f ilte r r ,a tir .v c u rro r.t - T r.nnt us c l aboard s h ip in c lu d in g dock p l a n e r s , .r e n ta b le saws; s in .d o --nan w elding n a c h ir r s , ' * and jV p 95 v o h t i l a t i o n oquiuacn t . As a r o s u l l , wo r j n c r a l l y ru n d i r r -------- -- wut .to tu. so ru n - . aj . . j-p e n a e a bon r _ f v e n t i l a t i o n p u rp o se s and t h a t s u c p lle s a l o t o f o u r p o r ta b le eauipm ent. Ye have a good d e a l o f work to do i n co n n ectio n w ith d ry in g out m otors ar.-l h av e a v a i l a b l e 4 ,0 0 0 Y. fu n h e a te r s : o r th a t p u rp o s e . On v e n t i l a t i o n sup p ly -m u se a grounded system c a rry in g th e ground ir o n th e sw itch sta n d to th e l a s t m achine on th e l i n e . Ye g o n o ra lly uso 4 0 ,0 0 '' c ir c u la r - m il 4--con ductor oablo fo r r e p ly in g the p l i ^ i a boras. T ith reg ard to the sa fe ty angles in th is work, the f i r s t and most i ^ m r t a a t s a f e t y r u l e i s n e v e r to work a h o t c i r c u i t . .Anybody ^ o v io l-vts t h i s n i l a I s rsm eved from th e gang. Zr hockin-: '=> th e sh ip s ve have taka*preo eB tio b s, Ikretigh o b ta in in g elearanoe from the power p la n t on any c ir c u it o* re s s r tU { e a , am i th e c i r c u i t i s n o t e n e rg iz e d u n t i l wo arc a ssu re d U safe* CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1544 l a U l *>t\t - eantlnued ( c m ships bar* power box* pi t re&l problan because they were iw ^ropsrly Assigned and in s u f f ic ie n t cltaran co was allowed fo r hook ing ig>. B enerally th a t can be remedied by using rubber s tr ip s , which we out free aid inner tubes or sim ilar m aterial. Toaperwry e l r e u i t s in s ta lle d aboard ships by Shop 99 ore con t r o l l e d by o u r own sw itching arran g esen t. Thon working c ir c u its supplying th e shipboard o ir o u lts , wo work in conjunction w ith tho power p la n t opersr- t o r who poriox*s tho sw itching o p eratio n s ashoro. th en working our own sw itch stands and whan working on a c i r c u i t , th e e le c t r i c i a n tags i t o u t. I f he has s u f f ic ie n t t i n s , he rwnores fueea. She sw itch I t opened and so one can clo se I t socoept the nan working os the l i n e , a e th e r safety ru le I s th a t a l l c ir c u its should bs p ro te c te d by proper s is e fuses. Our p o rta b le l i g h t s a re connected in to 3-pole plug boards ground ed to the bulkheads.. She p lu g boards are eojrrenient i n grounding Basil p o rta b le s q u lp a sa t. 11 p o rta b le equipment which lo o t n o t draw over 15 :* ajg>it i s p ro te c te d t h i s way. Our v e n tila tio n sy sto n i s grounded u su ally V tho sw ltah sta n d being grounded to tho ship, slnco wo carry our ground bock to tho swltah stand. Proper id e n tific a tio n of switches is lsp o rta n t free the standpoint o f safety and I t also f a c ilita te s switching operations. I t slisin a te s s ie ta k ss and in oase o f high v o ltag e sw itches, i t gives a sp ls warning. On o u r shore boxes ws bsvs p u t ta g s "lu n g er, 440 V olts* and our sw itches sup p ly in g 440 v o lts te th e sh ip s u su ally a re p a in te d ro d . Shoy are 500 V. Un d e rw rite rs appro Tod sw itch es. O e a s rd ly wo ueo 250 V. s w itc h on our low er voltages. The S afety O ffice has a lso s tre s s e d the n e c e s s ity o f keeping leads o f f th e deck* So a c o o sp lish t h i s , we use o e ta l tre e s stan d in g about e ig h t f e e t hig h . Zbeso a rc p la c e d to p -sid e . Sonotiacs we E ast cove tho trooe t t d tho lo a d s g o t s la c k , which n o o o sslta to s re a rra n g in g loads to koop than tho proper height fre e dock, looping leads o ff the docks not only rosovos a trip p in g bajard but helps provont fir o s and daasgo to e le c tric cable. - le havo every v o lta g e from 32 to 440 end a person nover con bo suro o f tho v o lta g e o f n lo ad ly in g on tho dock* I t i s im portant to m acaber to leave p lo n ty o f sl ack i n shorn lo a d s . I f tho ship a r r iv e s a t low tid e and you do n o t s u ffic ie n t slock to cosponsato fo r r is e In tid e you cay barn tro u b le - >-<n the tid e cones in . I f a ship i s i n dry-dock o r on the-.wsys, we always run a s t a t i c grouod l i n e aboa~* --' i 4- tc ' -- - J.-- c- *y_ dock. Share hsvs bean in sta n c e s o s negro i n dad ahipB o f s tr a y c u rre n ts flow ing V - t s n the hook o f the erane and through tho crane to tho ground. * " Jtegardiag the types of unsafe shore boxes, i t is suggested th at Ur. * T. Vos, Q tn cu H e e l . o f Shop 99 be oentacted. JUr sev er*1 y e a rs bs has c o lle c te d p ic tu r e s o f the xaeafe where boxes and ^4 ts t a n th e a a t t c r ^ w ith v ario u s poople in tho la r d who sig h t senosrnad w ith the a lte rin g of those boxes. mm CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1545 ' : 1</1 lrn t H irW r - owatiaaed 31. The l e s t p a i n t t h a t I h are in u in d concerning * a fe ty i t the pro te c tio n e f a l l exposed witch heard. In the Vary Tard th is i* accomplish ed by e r e c tin g plywood etockados around, th e h o a rd s. Room N uit be l e f t f o r the e le c tric ia n s te m rk , b u t the boards must not be too a c cessib le to ether trades. S. I n d o s i n e , I should l i k e to sa y t h a t we have boon ex ceed in g ly f o r tu n a te i n t h a t d u rin g th e p a s t fo u r and on o -h a lf y e a rs we h a re had no body burned. 1 b a ilo r* th is i s due to the fa c t th a t eTery nan understands t h a t ha i s weThing w ith a n xnkaown q u a n tity u n t i l he t e s t s the c i r c u i t ho I s worfciig an w ith h i t v o ltag e ta s te r . QPB7I0TS ft Kr. T il son spake about b lan k etin g tanks w ith C0_ I s th a t used f a r may p urpose e x c e p t f i r s t X Tea. She e x te r io r o f o i l tan k s oan bo voided ty u sin g a b in a to i a f 00^. She a l l l e v s ! in th e tan k should bo 16 inehoa bolow th e low er dgo erf deck b a m s . She DOg i s r s i s u n t i l yuu have a e o n o o n tra tlo n f a t l s a s t B0, sfaieh w ill e lim in a te f i r e sud ex p lo sio n h a sa rd s. S h is m ethod i s n ' t zwoommaadsd f a r {gasoline ta n k s , how ever. I h a re count ed up th e s r a b a r a f ta s k s t h a t we have b la n k e te d s in c e we began u sin g t h i s method and i t r o s i to some thousand tan k s and we have n e v e r y e t had a casualty or f ir s . X f t e r th e t a s k i s b la n k e te d , we ta g i t , s t a t i n g th e naaa o f th e an who worked an i t , and o th e r i n f o r m t i o n . U n less eooeone B u st e n te r th e ta n k , th e 00^ i s n e t r e moved , i t goes o u t th e v e n t. ft Mr. T i l cm T h a t do you do when you have to weld i n s id e tanks? X a y mast be steneed end cleaned, i f t c r the task has boon sto sn - i c la a a ed and te s te d f o r w elding o p e ra tio n s in s id e , i t i s O.E. Mr, T ils o n i On shore sto e n l i n o s c o n n e c tin g w ith th e s h ip , what k in d o f stoem h o se s do you u*o! Use e l l m o ta liic . Thoy h a re t r i e d ru b b e r hoeo b u t haver.11 rur'.- * w ro s3 w ith i t . Is any kind o f rubber hose good fo r stoen? They haves' t fo m d anything y o t wor th b iy in g c d th ty have tr ie d mazy tre n d s . Im re th e y s a ris any. t e a t s w ith a s b e s to s o o ated te a s hose? 2 dea't bailers a . h r, Tilwoaj In using the 00^ b lan k t, i f the m sk i s only p a r t i a l l y f w U , de y e a p u t we re o i l in ? o i l e n board and oan s l u i c e I t , we p u t th e l e v e l up. CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1546 Then we blan k et I t anyway. I t d oesn't naie smell difference bo nob o i l la is. t h a n ju s t aO you Kars a t le a s t 18 Inches clearance. Va eld any placa on the task. Va bara aided tanks in every conceiv able condition and bave never had suspicion o f danger. Q Vopnoslag pen h art a baas and p u t your CC>2 in on the side? A Shat 1 t t f you have to bora your d a a ra n c a , ao th a t the C02 can fo d e a r a e ra ta the tank l a tiy to p u t i t in on one side of the tank and take i t out oa the o th e r. Va M y take the l i d o ff and d r i l l i t and p u t a f i t t i n g i n 1th a long pipe ao th a t e can a q u lrt the CC>2 back n y fro * the Tost She ^ s i s heavy and d iffu se s e re r the top o f the a ll as i t f i l l s the tank ateo sphere i s octupl e to ly changed. Q T hat emanasit r a tlom Ao yen. uoeT A A 1plans o f &o and try fo r !>-ineh p raaiu re on a mercury gang*. Q Ve use th a t method but i t la n 11 approved by th e S oard o f T ir e TJhdsrwriters -- 2 am iro n tha Mat a c t Sirrig a tio n Ooapaiy. f a had a ooodition In Alameda bare the c i t y f i r e ch ie f oould i nbyotthpaermX aittlothneal*S**o7ardtoodfoTtihrea tUonndethrwe riitselrasn danbdecinaustheei tevwenatsna'nt yatphpinro;ved happened, tha ln rc ro a o t contracts In th a c ity and workmen1 compensetion might be voided. Sbe procedure th a t la followed In ilasm da i s th a t a c e r t i f i e d , re g is te re d chemist must issu e c e r tif ic a te s and he i l l not jeo p ard ise h is lio e s s e by OS*lag a tan k f o ; hot ork m ic a s ha knnvi sdxat be i s doing* Va a re n e t t%> a g a in st th a t, end have the basking o f the le v y and our c h ie f e h a rle t. Baay eonsider i t a safe o p eratio n , i t I have s trie d , a have uoed the method on. aoas thousand tanks in a l l kinds o f condi .ion w ith the exception o f gas because there la too mush danger of a sen burning a bole i n the tank Ju f a r as I a s concerned, the method I s a l l rlih t. Do thr> allow you \o eld cm f u e l o i l tanks below 1 fo o t fro n the e'U'face w ithout a blanket o f steac? A . s i r , n o t a t a l l . Ve do use the steam b lan k et but not very o ften and e dan11 use i t any place here you would ru in equipment w ith the heat CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1547 J . T . TBQKSOB, S a f e ty D ir e c to r , B e th le h e e S te e l C o. t S h ip `b o il d in g D i v i s i o n , Son F r a n c i s c o , C a l i f , Mashers o f th a P a c ific Coast Safety Conference, Guests: She su b ject sta g in g d e a ls w ith one o f the most im p o rtan t items o f equipment f o r the s a f e ty o f workmen, re g a rd lo se o f whoro the work i : to he perform ed o r sfaothor i t i s new work o r r e p a i r work; and most o f us row a re going to he a c tiv e ly engaged in r e p a ir work. Staging i s , as I havo ju s t said , very im portant to tho safety of ovorybody in tho sh ip b u ild in g business and the S tate of C a lifo rn ia , to th a t and, has paid sp ecial a tte n tio n to the sub ject and broken th e ir safety or d e rs down in to a g r e a t many d i f f e r e n t item s concern in g staging* They have departed fron th e ir o ld o rig in a l e e t o f orders w ritte n in 1 9 2 i, and in ci d e n ta lly , I was on the o o o s itto o which helped to w rite them a t t h a t tim e, and th ey havo made s e v e r a l r e v is io n s and m o d ific a tio n s o f th e o r ig in a l o r d e r* . Tho o rd e rs sow b e g in w ith a c h a p te r on " D e f in itio n s " in which th e more common t o n s u sed i n s ta g in g e r e c tio n a ro e x p la in e d , such n s E orso, L ifo Lino, Lumber Dimensions, P latfo rm , Safety Lino, S c a ffrld in g , Service f" L in o , S ta g in g , S tan d ard Guard S a ilin g , S to ck , T able, and To* Board. T ith th ese term s sta n d a rd ise d th e re i s l i t t l e o r no chance f o r slsu n d e rsta n d iig . A. s e p a ra te p a ra g ra p h d e s ig n a te s th e g rad es o f l u s h e r to be used as s p e c ifie d by the T e st C oast Lusberm ra1 A sso ciatio n Grading B uies Bo. 11 and the T o sto m Pino A sso ciatio n Standard Grading P ulos 1939. She o rd e rs th e n e e n tin a s by d e s ig n a tin g B u ild in g Tay-B S c a ffo ld in g and Staging, Lack Staging, P re fa b rie a tio n Staging, and o th er m iscellaneous e x te rio r and in te rio r b u ilt-u p staging. P ain ters1 stag in g cones under a separate heading; and e x te rio r sueponded staging o th e r than p a in te rs 1 stag in g . I th o u it p e rh a p s 2 s ig h t g iv e you or. id e a o f sose o f the th in g s th e y have in c o rp o ra te d in th e se sew o rd e r* . I don' t know what you have h ere i n T o xhingten o r Oregon, b u t I do know we o re c r e d ite d w ith h av in g ab o u t the s t r i c t e s t c o n sisslo n o f ary s ta te in the L kited S ta te s concerning work men1s s a f e ty . Te have s h ip b u ild in g s ta g in g on th e ways w hich, o f 0013*90, con s is t* of th* -p rig h ts , s p a ll* , plank* o f so ecified dimensions and sp ecified m a te ria l* ukl~. '"it e n t e r in** t h a t s ta g in g . Tiler, we have* the p a i n t c --o' $ e x te rio r stag in g , deck stag in g , e x te rio r suspended stag in g , horse sta rin g , in te r io r ph*il. and bulkhead stag in g , e x te rio r flo a tin g s ta rin g and in te r - mofliato s tn - ir ':, thni J _, c r_ o .c d u --a --. stag_r-~. I s th e drydock* we have a type o f s ta g in g --h ic h i s , to our: m ind, a v e ry ad eq u ate p ie c e o f equipm ent "in th e f o r a o f a p o r ta b le r o l l i n g s t a g i n r . I t i s b u i l t o f s t e e l a z a le a w ith a d j u s t - h i - -.Tyr' I s end le r g e Timken b e a rin g equipped wheals i t r e a d i l y r o l l e d ir o n one p a r t o f th e d ry do ok to the eth er. In the s e r co n stru c tio n shipways, sto rin g 1e placed in the sp a lls mJL u p r ig h ts and th g u a rd r a i l s o re fa s te n e d to th e u p rig h t* . Te a r e a l l f * l L i * r w ith th a t. *n hanging s t a g i n g which I s usod e x ta rs iv e ly in re pair work, we hors been c o n fro n te d w ith a l o t o f d i f f i c u l t y i n a tta c h in g The goerd rolls which the C c o c issic n i n s i s t * th a t r e p la c e , and which taioly riv&d be plnoed. 1 exp erim en ted a t g ro a t le n g th w ith the f i t t i n g * Sr. CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1548 J , T. Ihomaon - continued f these stanchions. * bad the long pa.ll* extended out In order to p e r mit a stanchion to be b o lte d o r n a ile d and then would havo a diagonal brace fo r tip p e r t ; b u t th a t occasioned too much sork and tro u b le w ith the re s u lt th a t a l o t of the staging rig g ers d id n 't want to put i t up. l e fin a lly h it t^>os. a good id e a and Z haTt p ic tu re s to show bow simple and re a d ily attached end tsiren down th i s o te e l stanchion can be. (*Ctei P ictu res sore passed around a t th is point) I th in k you people, i f you care to , might Incorporate th a t in your w>rk, Shea* stanchions are made from l / 4 inch l i x 1^ inch angle iron, file bottom o f the stanchion i s f i t t e d w ith two 5/8 in ch b o lts spaced and welded so a s to s tra d d le the 6 in ch s i do o f a standard 4 x 6 inch s p a ll. She stanchion i s hold secure by means o f a 1 /2 inch washer p la te and two 5/B i nch s a t* . I t i s n ecessary t h a t th i s p la te be o f n e t l e s s thur. 1/2 inch sto ck i n o rd e r to b a rs a minimus o f bending moment. In ord er to elim inate s id e mereeent o f th e stan o h isn on tho s p a ll two 3/6 in ch p o in ted p in s l / 4 inch long arc welded between tho 5/6 inch b o lts on the stanchion proper. Ibo stanchion i t 4 in ch es high and c a r r ie s two welded sts n lo s through which tho w ire cables can run In l i o n o f h o c k ra ils . Am a m atter o f f a c t, i f you mode tho s t i m p * wide enough you could ueo the woodan b a n k ro ll but we p re fe r w ire cab le. Vt h are found t h i s vary s a tis fa c to ry ! re a d ily placed and taken down'snd i t has received the approval of our CesBission. She f a c t t h a t the sta g in g may be p ro p erly e re c te d and m aintained does not p re v e n t sta g in g a c c id e n ts and I an going to c lto an in sta n c e whore a f a t a l i t y happened in o u r lls e o d a lo r d to a stag e rig g e r who was handling stag in g i n the wrong s e y . So was up 48 fo o t and was about to change the p o s itio n o f th e s ta g ii^ , and in o rd e r to loosen a wedge he had taken a claw hammer and sharpened the d asrs to uss i t as a sp ik e. Ee intended to use t h i s to lo o se n th e wedge, aimed a blow to sink tho hammer daw s in to tho hand o f th e wodge, m issed tho wedge and c a ta p u lte d h ia s o lf to h is do&tk a t the bottom o f tho ways. b i s typo o f a c c id e n t should n o t happen in any yard and con be p rev en ted by p ro p er su p erv isio n end tr a in in g . Claw h o m ers should mover bo sharpenod and used f o r movement o f ltra b sr and had tho foreman o r lo ad in ': g-'iri stoppod t h i s p r a c tic e a t I t s in c e p tio n th ere would n o t have boon or. ac c id e n t. In our San T m ncisco Yard, e s p e c ia lly on work a l o f t , wo nro v-ery p a rtic u la r *hnt tho equipment sad proeoduro used in handling lix b c r and a ll m atoriol i s accord w ith the best safety standards. Ve havs n o t had any .serious a c c id e n t-in the >an ira n c is e o 'Yard 1:. many yn^r* r e s u ltin g f m fn 'O ty *'r:_ri" zr.i l l u to ii. : uue i s i-oesoM ms -paj- p a r t i c u l a r a tte n tio n to t h i s m atter and never a c c e p t a load Of s p e c ifie d stag in g p lanks u n til th ey have boon thoroughly ln sp sc to d and c u llo d o v er. 3bo ones t h a t pass in s r ic iJ - ' and a rc conod f i t f o r staging p i antes a rc p u t in a s e p a ra te p ile and no one on go to th a t p i l o w ithout aa ordsr from ths m ill fo rsaaa. Si u s * is tru e of n a i l s . That i s the wav s ta g in g m a te ria ls sboT&d bs handled because j u s t one plank aan cause a fatal u e U n i. T ith ro g srd to p a in te r 1 sta g in g , we a re p e rm itte d to use a Slagle pi a*-. Shis Vp* of staging is re s tric te d to tho use of p a in te rs Silly J d t l h n s ta g in g f a r o th e r c r a f t s must be th re e fo o t wide o f 2 t IT pOtMlcs SS f m r 1 X 10 p la ifrs easep t i s a caso whore snacc w ill n o t p o m lt CRMC-BER&FRO-OOJ 549 iPMupn w r  a*. atinued tha is tr o d u e tie n Of te r e s e r fo u r plank* and then a p e d a l reception oust be a b ta in e d f r e a the I n d u s t r i a l A ccident Doenai*sion. We ran in to t h a t p ro x ie s on eone d e stro y e rs because the ays were b u ilt o f a width to aocoi odate a werehant re seel o r cru iser In o rder to peed qp p ro d u c tio n two d e s tro y e rs ere hui.lt a b re a s t in one s l i p and th a t e u r ta ile d our been dim ension so th a t we c o u ld n 't g e t so re than two planks b e tw e n th e two v e s s e ls to s e rro the in s id e tid e o f tho e ro c tio n o f those b u lla . Vo ooulds* t p u t up th e ^ r i g h t s to tho s p e c if ie d "n o t lo s s than throo f o o t w idth* eo we had to o o n stru o t a. p e d a l te e l u p rig h t o f a nar row w idth te ic h aaa approved under a p e d a l expraption by the In d u s tria l A ccident Pnasileslon. Of ooure th a t was eerred w ith the stan d ard back r a i l 42" h ig h w ith th e o e n te r r a i l IB* between. A l e t o f tin e ceroid be spent ta lk in g on sta g in g because there a re M ay v a rie d ^ p e s o f i t b u t I w ill go in to a parag rap h here in d i cated by " T le a tla g Staging* which ` s h a ll bs supported by flaw d u p rig h ts end s p a lls e q u iv alen t in s tre n g th to those req u ired in the hipway stag in g end these s h a ll bs a tta c h e d ecurely to the flo a t .* . "A ll stag izg hall be p ro te c te d by guard r a i l s as re q u ire d in tea hand r a i l o rd e r." few a s bar* "X x te ria r fcispen&ed o th e r th a n P a in te r s 1 S taging" which " s h a ll be suspended ty aeans o f wire rope o r s te e l suspenders or sto c k o f oqulTaloxt s tre n g th ) eznluding s tr u c tu r a l re in f o r c in g s t e e l . 5be p latfo rm s h a ll be not lo s s than 36 inches wide, and s h a ll be provided w ith a sta n d a rd guard r a i l i n g , on erpoeed sid e s and ends. S a i l s s h a ll be o f 3 x 4 inch lim ber e r stock of equivalent strength. Zf w ire rope guard l i n e s a re u sed in s te a d o f wood r a i l s th ey s h a ll be k e p t ta u t a t a l l tin e a . "At no tin e s h a ll f ib e r rope be p e r s ltte d to fo ra a back r a i l or guard lin o ." On th e ends o f a l l s p a lls "a g alv an ised ir o n o r s to o l b o lt s ix in ch es lo n g and th ro D -o ig h ih s in ch in d is a s te r s h a ll bo fa ste n e d through tho sp a ll o r b o ls te r a t rig h t angles to seas, not le s s than three inches from tb s end. and h a l f way betwwen the upper end lo w er s id e s to p re v e n t b a ils o r tlii^ m teen used from a c c id e n ta lly slip p in g o ff the end o f the s p e ll" , 'low ta lk in g a b o u t s ta g in g does n o t e l i s i n a t e te a need f o r the p ro te c tio n deck oponings io d open decks b"ea.use th e r e , a g a in , i s tho need f o r a s t i n t . 'rd guard r a i l v i t e an in te rm e d ia te r a i l . As a n a t t e r o f fa c t, t e s t i s .Ju st a s ' im portant as the eaposed-side c f a ship. Specifi c a tio n * th e re a r s i d e n t i c a l w ith t h '1 p-er- r c ^ r r i f r r th_ tig ii* ,, i t s e l f , end i n th e sx w ctiag and n a in ta in in g o f s ta g in g "no sta g in g s h a ll bu e re c te d , wowed, o r a l t e r e d ex cept by oxDerioneod wen to whoa such work is eustonarily assigned." VfrO i f t m , upon in v e s tig a tio n , you w ill f in d t h a t sowobodf has a l t e r e d s ta g in g e r e r e c te d one o f t h o ir own aceord and u s u a lly i t i s not aoosrd iig- to s p e d f lc a tio n s , eery equipeont o r debris sh a ll be p e ra ltto d to resale, i t s preeenoo on such iw g iig c re a te s a hasard. r iv o tin g o r open f la a c work s h a ll be e c rew* e a m y I t e f i hg r e s e e d e d by ae o n s e f f i b e r ro p o . non CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 155C * J . T. Hhwici! - oentinued " S t r i n g s h a ll be m aintained in a safe and secure c o n d itio n ." low we ooaa to me 1*5X3r t a u t p a r t , th a t i s , in talcing tb s stag in g down and tr ip p in g th a sh ip , loo o fte n sen g e t upon the top courses ar.d e lid e th e planks in such a M in e r th a t they nay f a l l . "In s trip p in g stag ing hoard. and tim bers s h a l l be low ered by aeons o f l i n e s o r by hand. Such a t e r i a l s h a ll n o t bo dropped f r e e o f r e s t r a i n t . " P a r t i a l l y o re o te d o r p a r t i a l l y di naanti e d sta g in g s h a ll s o t bo used u n less the p a rt ueod i s a complete staging under thoso orders and a l l open sides and sods ore preto eto d by standard guard r a ilin g s ." 1 th in k Zd Lange has a few words he n ig h t want to b rin g In hers w ith h ie experience in the IT -eiils Tard where they a re b u ild in g those 22,000 te n sh ip s, the b ig tra n sp o rts. X. 7 . USCZ, S afety Tnginesr Bethlehem Hamad* Shipyard In c ., lla n o d a , Osl. O entl ament Ur* Thomson h a s suggostod t h a t I make a fow c e m e n ts on sta g in g and tho proh iass oosaoctod with i t a t our yard. S h o rtly b o fero th e war s t a r t e d , I wont to work f o r Botfclaham Stool. Conpeny* Ban T ra n d s o e T o r i , and, w ith tho guidance o f U r. Thomson, had a channs to p ic k up a l i t t l e ex perience b e fo re b eing s e n t to tb s new ila a e d a Tard. T ith our top aanageasat keenly in te re ste d in accident prevention and w ith the o p p o rtu n ity o f g e t t i n g In on the ground f l o o r , we f e l t th a t we would n o t h are to be l i k e th e b i r d a lre a d y dosczlbod who flow backwards to eoe whoro he had boon. Tho g r e a t m a jo rity o f our to y s e n wore m idorstudios to tho eu p o rriso ry fo rc e s in our San Tm ncisoo Tard. Being p u t on th e ir own, h a rin g a l o t o f id e a s o f t h e i r own, wonting to aako good and y e t f a i l in g t h o l r way alo n g , mode thoso sen r e l y on one a n o th e r, cod consequently, we h*-i "good toasnorir*. U sing th e ex p erien ces gained a t tho San Bran cisco T ard and c i t i n g the a c c id e n ts we had ex perienced th e r e , we t r i e d to use fo re sig h t to low er our accid en t ra te a t JHaaada. I s U r. Thomson e t a te d , we were b u ild in g 22,380 to n tr a n s p o r ts a t th e i la s e d a Yard* These sh ip s aro ap p ro riraato ly 510 f o e t lo n g . There a re s ig h t csyt c> *'f s ta g in g on umridits to w erin ': "*0 f e e t a>xnro'the hoadhousos er ring the t o l l s . I t launch the h u lls slide* in to the bstu ary whiVh-it 5m rori.~c.tely a 800 f o o t channel. Drag ch ain s had to be used . -Consequents ly , alj. i t v i v v,,^ * v ** *J rr* * * * i D uring o u r l n i l d i n g p ro g ran we were s e c t f o r t x a a t s in h a rin g re?y fw r s ta g in g a c c id e n ts . The law s z f the _ *te o f C a lif o r n ia a re v e ry s t r i n g e n t w ith re g a rd to s ta g in g , and supplem enting o u r own in s p e c tio n s , we hare bad re g u la r s s t t t y in sp ectio n s by a s ta te in sp ecto r. Te found i t neeersory be t r a i n th e workmen and f a m i l i a r i s e th e n w ith th e S ta te o rd e rs . Tor the m eet p o r t , we accom plished t h i s th rough D epartm ental S a fe ty to o tin g . Trsedtiy, i t i s th e m z o u t i s tho y a rd uhc docs th e Job who must ro o o g sire th e problem , and I f you eon got k in to work w ith you, you can fo r tho most I ts i t 8 t c o u rse , mmamgoment must h e lp . CRiMC-BER&FRO-OO 1551 X. T. continued T lth the re v is io n o f the C alifornio, staging s p e c ific a tio n s , we have found a problem confronting us in regard to the raid r a i l . The r.id r a i l now aket i t v ery convenient to uso the hand r a i l s as a lad d er to rain access to the staging above. I t i s a problem in human behavior, a case of g e ttin g to the sorkors and aid.nr then re a liz e the hazards. To have a l ready had th re e o r fo u r exportoncob in which worim on have boon extremely close to serious in ju r ie s because they did not u t i l i z e the safe and proper sort and beans provided to get to th e ir Jobs. Sobs o f the v rlaU .es used to cu t down c o sts and g et e ffe c tiv e safeguards v e rs I n te r e s tin g . I b e liev e th ere aro some 118 p e n e tra tio n s f o r ooeipanlonwey la d d e rs on the sh ip s. Manholes, tru n k s, hatches, e t c ., a l l hero to bo guarded. X procedure was developed whore by whom u cn o tratlo n s wore to be m do, the o rd er m s glvon in w ritin g . Sho Burning Depart ment roeoivod th e o rd e r, and a carbon oepy was given to the ` s a fe ty c a r penter*, a sober of the Kfaijnrrtgit Department, in tin e fo r h is to prepare In advance a guard t e r the h h le . Through *Job Methods* c la s s e s , Job In s tru c tio n oourees end Bar P roduction suggestions, many id e a s were devel oped. P re fa b ric a tin g se c tio n s o f g u a rd ra ils t l a p l l f i e d the ta sk s. Com p le te guarding o f p e n e tra tio n s .before sectio n s were p laced on the h u lls made our Job a a s ie r . So acq u ain t o u r fe re sen s d th the v ario u s problem s, they served on y ard In sp e c tio n e o a s itto a t and accomplished such in overcoming some o f the h azard s. They aoceptod the r o s p c n s ib illty f o r the co n d itions and work ed w ith each e th e r to c o r r e c t thorn. Jla Ja c k m entioned, we d id have a f a t a l i t y connected w ith stag in g . I t concerned the e ld p ra c tic e any of you have obserrod, th a t o f using tho claws o f the brimmer to servo sta g in g o r lumber. I t i s a cosmon way o f do in g i t , b u t what i f th e claws p u ll fre o l This was one o f those two o r th ree m inute Job s, r a i s i n g th e l o r d o f two s p a lls In tbo u p rig h ts . Safety b e l t s a re a v a ila b le . Vhy stage rig g e rs w ill not wear th ee i s an o th er prob lem . I t may be they take p rid e i s doing a hazardous Job o r they d is lik e the b e l t s . The msn have complained o f the added w eight o f a b e lt and of the loop catching on p ro je c tio n s while climbing. I n t h i s p a r t i c u l a r case, the man chose to stand on a x inch w haler, o r h o rls o n ta l brace between th e u o rig h t, and r e s t h is a n on two planks th a t ,,aro to serve as a p o rtio n of a platform to be constructed. Zdo s p o ilr h- w be ru is o d one hole (epprorts-'tc-ly S inches) and loosened. I n order, t c remove the r bov..tan th e sp a ll and tho s n a il p in , the mar. sunk the d a w s into, .the wed/r fed gave i t a Jerk . . The wedge moved out but . could oiu.y be barked o-<+ edg>" r f th r Thr ?I i t o ^ caused th e h n t r to p u l l o u t o f the wood, and the man l o s t h is balance and f e l l to the ways sob 4S f e e t below. He s e t death in s t a n t l y . The re a c tio n to t h i s a c c id e n t i s something t h a t most o f you teio*: th e r e i s the S afety Departm ent, e tc .? * I t was quite an experience to s i t i n a t th e D e p a rta e st S a fe ty Meeting and hoar tho men d iscu ss the a ccid en t. 2** le a d e ra en and s u p e rv iso rs, a f t e r f u l l in v e s tig a tio n , docldod th a t the o f brnmoxt a s tow b a rs should bo discouraged to tho o r te n t o f re le a s in g the Job a f t e r due w arning. !tee p ra c tic e has been d i scours.-to. weeks l a t e r a war p ro d uction suggestion was wade, su v = tin g a Sharpened hinc* p in on th e side of the k t ; bead, f o r moving l a b o r , to th e su g g e lien was n o t accepted. CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1552 -W AAO. - o en tiau sd 3, V* have found I t b e n e f ic ia l to p u b lic iz e o u r accid en tB , s ta tin g th e d i r e c t n u m and g e t t i n g the departm ent in v o lv e d to h elp work o u t the c o rre c tiv e aeaturet. B a llin g everyone on the id e a o f u sin g eafe work pro cedure ha h elp ed knock o u r a c c id e n t r a t e down. I t 1 uy b e l i e f t h a t we can l i c k a l e t o f a e e id a n t p ro b le m i f we can g e t th e le a d in g Ben, super v iso rs and foremen ta lk in g thing over end doing eomething about i t . J . 1 . TEOiSOH - o o stin u ed A t th e lu n ch eo n a t th e Chamber o f Commerce th e y spoko o f th e amazing t o l l o f t r a f f i c d eath s in S e a ttle . Yhilo th is t r a f f i c death t o l l 1 tru e o f a ln o s t sTory la rg o c ity . I t i t w ith a g r e a t sonso o f s a tis f a c t i o n t h a t n o th in g l i k e t h i s d e a th r a t e 1 o jp e rie n c o d in sh ip y ard opera tio n s , n i l o f * i e h goo to show th a t rag ard f o r S a fe ty pays b ig dividends. I tak e a l o t o f p lo e sa ro in re p o rtin g th a t s y y a rd i n San Tran- iX cisoo l a s t south ooacletad it th ird ccnsecuilv# year B itbout a f a ta lity and t h a t w ith 106*000,000 Bsn-fcouri o f exposure. Some tin e ve./used to be prone to th in k th a t th e strin g e n t la v s iacossd by the In d u stria l A ccident Oonei a ion o f the S ta te o f C a lifo rn ia s e re too s t r i c t , b u t lo o k in g back on our record 1 a s glad th ey aro s t r i c t because 1 d o n 't think.you can isposo too a n y s a fe ty re g u la tio n s i n In d u s try and i f th ey a ro liv e d qp to* our a cc id e n t ra te i s borsd to bo lo s . 1 h av en 't anything fu rth e r to. say on stag in g , but those p ic tu re s ney bo o f b o n o flt to eoaobedy to p a tte rn a f te r . I f th ey arc of ary uso, you a ro v o lc o ac to make uso Of th e id e a . ffUSTTOra Bov do you r e c o n c ile th e u s e o f s in g le p la n k s f o r p a i n t e r s vhere i t i s n 't a llo in d anyvhere alee and i s n 't c o n siste n t v ith the other s ta g in g used? Do y o u th in k t h a t th e s in g le p la n k i s s a tis f a c to r y ? I do, fo r the reason th a t I t is provided v ith an adequate back r a i l atnd i t i s n rope ta c k le suspended s ta g in g . I t i e n o t hung in a fix e d p o s itio n . I t r u s t be hung in the block and f e l l s in o rder to r t i u . i t f r o r one l e v e l to a n o th e r. Ifao p o i n t e r s do t h a t th s n s c lv c s ft-rd I ' m b t i f th o y oo u ld r a i s e a 36 i r t h s t a g i n r v ith o u t hoir. B u y do on b u i l d i n g s . . . . D on't they use a v in d la ss arrangement? So. I c a n 't anevsr as to th a t, but i t is perm issible fo r p ain ters o l y . 1 t h i s i t i s s l l r i ^ i t where th e re a r e o n ly two a : a s s ig n e d to me p la n k sfcid ; se n n e t be lo n g e r th a n 16 f e e t i n l e ^ t h . I t would im - p o se a h a rd s h ip on to e Bon to r a i s e a l a r g a r s ta g in g -without e th e r h e lp . Of owners i n drydmek, th e p a in te r s u se a r o l l i n g s c a ffo ld rrhick. th e y Ao s a t h ^ s to r a i s e a t a l l because tb o re c m th ro e o r fo u r f l i n t s f Staging A iA are provided w ith proper guard m il s . non CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1553 f t l r t i m " oanttnuad Lf bM ttst atan eh lan te a e k a t you daaerlb ed proved a. taay b ar* J j u t a l l a d a atagin tgi a n u tT Th , w x y m nh bo. Zb M i t a hand ion? ^>an you bare the prong*? Ba. I v abaot ta k in g I t down? Shay I l i a n tb a n u t , ra p la e a tho b in d in g trap * and. low er I t ec. a bandit* t h a t w e l d ba a v a ry ile ir p ro do**. Cm tba oactxX7 i i t 1 r e i y q n is t and tb a ro i no daagor o f fa llin g notarial* gffiEBtt 2SESEEXZW? JRLHEL'fl? V. JOHIiSOK, Safety D irector Oregon shipbuilding Oorp., Portland, Oregon Z do n 't know i f th is is premeditated, "but usually the la s t iten of 'business on a conference i roc lean to half--eepty chairs and because there i s such good attendance and th is is such a dry subject, I as> going to de v ia te before I get through and "peddle the bull" a l i t t l e . Ve have a ll heard th at e g re ssio n at every safety conference th at ve go to: th at half or nore of the value of a conference is derived fro an intimate "hull ses sion" a f te r the neeting. Sow i t is hard Just to t e l l of a l l the s i stakes we hare aide bat as lo am fro our mistake*, So never loam from doing t h i ^ i rig h t. Tor th at roaeon I an going to taka tho privilege of deviat ing iron tho topic of shipyard housekeeping. This is about as dry as oneh alf to sen paragraphs In th is booklet on "lilninum Rooui resents for Safety and In d u stria l fa n lth in Contract Shipyards" There is n 't anything in there we don' t mow ty heart, i t i s Ju st coaman good sense Deed housekeeping generally fa lls into two problems. One, orderly work procedure and aeoond, waste disposal. Saw any of you think of th at as a preblto of safety engineering? Unless wa o c suggest or riassort adequate waste disposal our good housekeeping plans go rig h t 19 the flu e. Take a yard such as we have: nave any of you any idsa o f our waste disposal probloc during a year? Te haul ISC garbage truck loads of tra sh a day and about twice th at asount to the salvage department. So we think of th at os one of our housekeeping problems? Zt i s , and i t i s a big one. th le ss we roeopiiso th a t and. eoc th at something i s tons about i t , a l l our pleading to tho n so rv iso ry s ta f f von11 got us vory fa r. JL foreeaa is not going to n*ka an e ffo rt with h is crew to keep an orderly house in a place th a t is fu ll of trash he c a n 't to anything about. Vast* disposal and eleanig) is a major orebier and should be con sidered so by management. I re c e ll regarding Coulee Bam, as many of you know, th a t p ro ject was in two separate p a rts, two general contracts, and an e n tire ly d iffe re n t organisation took over the Job h a li--my through on the aeoond contract. Zt I s true aost e l l of the working people stayed rig h t on, but the apartment hands and gonornl supervisory s ta ff wero d iffe re n t nr.d I re c a ll, on tha aeoond contract, a very smart ooncrete BUDerintendert who *m going to make a mark in the world, but in oo planning, he neglected to provide fo r adequate cleanup. Zn sp ite of a ll p ro te sts of many of us who knew b a tte r, ha eald "we c a n 't be bothered with cleanup. Ve have got to pons concrete," o-r ^^7 of y o - hn--' had th a t problem i r. shipbuilding: Ships! They wont to build ships I I did try to dam nstrate to th a t man and gro1 him to i-'-ne out end eee the r e s u lts --wt ware e s ttin c any number of 1-Mrrjej frem pocr i pointed out a d ock ir .ie h was read?- fo r concre4" and aid "now you watch*. I tossed a natch town rig h t in the corner where i t o e d d be v is ib le to a l l and said "now tto w ill match vhero th at natch i s . " In a oouole of hours there was a truck-load of trash dumped shsrs th a t natch J l l I t takas is a s t a r t and i t grows ju s t lik e th a t. I t is the sobs' to r srmmd a shipyard. Tou have to keep a place clean and s ta r t rie h t at the fro n t gate. I t i t eonagsaent's problem. I mightsoy that in some of c r y v d s we to th is fro nanegsoeat's angle. Ve conask for complete pov- f 11 yard areas eo th a t we sig h t wwaen them from one and to tho ether to a i7 and I IMS th a t l i t e r a l l y . Management etm to th at, but tho to frtjr onglaoor e s n 't unless he hat annagemont1t annrovnl because i t costs CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1555 gjxua - oM*ixm.d 41. to h ir e the peo p le, This i s a necessary in c e n tiv e to people in the y a rd te keep th e ir e m p la c e d e a n . Management ssust f i r s t provide e pool, cleen 1 1 j plo# m A *> > we can go to the su pervisors and ask th a t they enforce good bDOM kaiplag ru le s such a* th is hook s t a t e s . Ye c a n 't ask BUperrieoiy ieplo te keep a d o a n o rd e rly work place un less na nagem r.t i s w i l l i i g to provide a g e n a ra l housokooping p lan th a t w ill allow thou to do Z jo tte d down th i s aornlng fiv e p o in ts th a t 1 thought were neceeaary l a a food heueekeeping program. T l r s t i Managewent i n t e r e s t in the problem idiich Z have J u s t spo- teoond, and t h i s caste to ^ sin d when I heard L t. O arleton th is earning} Adequate design o f the f a c i l i t i e s fo r the work a t hand. That is v ery n ec e ssa ry . Msay e f y en here worked in o ld , over-crowded p la n ts and d i d n 't hanrt a ohaaoe to p a t In a aodera procedure, you had a p r e tty hard Job tc otstoom th a t bandioap Vat i t i t a necessary f a c to r In good house keeping - adeqm te design. Third: iT ^jerriso ry coo p eratio n . And e th e r than the p o in t Z men tio n e d about smngwwrmt*1 p a r t in t h a t , i t the problem o f the s a fe ty engi n eer to s a i l to the su p c rrie c ry s ta f f the n ecessity f o r good housekeeping. Ton eo ald do t h a t by d o e o n s tra tis g hazards, etc. - Peurth: & e coordinated disposal of d eb ris. I have already sec tio n ed th a t and w ill n o t go into i t fu rth e r. I t i s a d e fin ite fa c to r. T ifth : larmch m a il cans fo r disposal o f sasl 1 trash - cig arette b u tts , loach scraps and the lik e , waste rags, wiping rag s, e tc. Those p o in ts , alo n g w ith the two general ones: o rd e rly work p ro eedsre and waste d isp o sa l a re n ecessary f o r a good housekeeping program. - jLlJO'JSSErT - CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1556 * BIMPBSia? g TtflPQBD P1S1TIC COAST SEPTJP.3 SH T X CODECIL 1 At the t a o f f ia ia l jo in t meeting o f S e a ttle , Portland and San Tranei*oo L S . t . L ahapieri bald the evening o f Doe. 12, 1945 in the Kew Vaabix^ton B otal, M e t t le , Washington, Ur. X. 7 . Lang, S afety Xnglnoer fo r the bethlehem-llem edi Shipyard, reported aa follow on the proposed formation o f a P a d f i e to a st Shipyard Safety Council enbraeing the c i t i e s Of Lea Angolas, Ban Tranoisoo, Portland a d S e a ttle in a united coopera tiv e oafaty oovnell for the exchange o f safety engineering idea, etc* Baa northern C aliforn ia Shipyard S afety Council was organised oererol years ago and fo r a period o f tin e was oonxMoted w ith the Son Tranolaoo A .S.S.X . o b i t e r hut fo r the p a st year or two t h is group has boon meeting ad exchanging aafety idea nnd p ro h lea s. O rigin ally the oe tin g s n r o bald i s evenings, a fte r verb hour, Bowovor, monagesont was aeon M id o s the id ea and sin co than. Boatings hero boon b ald .on ecspaay tia a . Pro bobt p lan t o a ll f o r the expansion o f such shipyard s a fe ty coun c il throughout the en tire P a eifio Ooast rogion and orontually to the boldla g o f aanuol P a e ifio Ooast shipyard sa fety con feren ces. Ur. Lange out lin e d other plans and id eas fur the proaction o f such P a c ific Coast af f i l i a t i o n s and ste te d ha was anxious to return to C a lifo rn ia w ith a meoaga froa t h is conference. 2* At th s ooaalusiou o f tbs P a c i f ic Ooast Shlpysrd S a fety Confer ence on SsoM bar 14, 1945, Ur. Z. T. Lange r e ite r a te d h is remarks o f the previous Toning. She follow in g noteworthy m a r k s eocpletod tho discu*- sion o f organising a P a c ific Coast Shipyard Befe^- Council: 1* Larolep a ystem o f exchanging safety prohleas and answers. 2. Bald aasnal B oatings and fr o s such se ssio n s sake reoonaandatlons and r e so lu tio n s as a gro ts and not aa a sin g le a a fety engineer. 3. 3 m Bcrtharn C aliforn ia Shipyard Safe ty Council n eets nonthly where presented onestions are thoroughly review ed, d iscu ssed and usually aneverod. 4. Pour or f ir o a c tiv e shipyard on in sa fe ty work in the Portland area ocald h esd lo such a shipyard sa fe ty oxchnngo; lik e w is e in tho io a ttlo area. 5. Tho oast co a st has aerran shipyard sa fo ty exchanges. S afoty . g-o-^ s travel ever; taroe mouths iron cnc yard to another w ith . one yard a ctin g os h ost and tho in d ivid u al company paying eos nad the s a fe ty engineer o f --i- J --> t i- - * - h t i : s a s , ta k ing minutes in order th a t n i l yards Bey bare tho b o s s f l i c f eoao. 6* I t was suggested th at those in te r e ste d co n ta ct Lsrs la y s , Chair- ac e f the P orth em C a lifo rn ia Shipyard S a fe ty C orn ell, e /e Xast Pay A .S .S Jt. Chapter o f the National S a fety C ouncil, 1 4 th and Traa)fl.ln S t . , SI t i e In s. H d g ., Os3fl.snd, C a lifo rn ia . CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1557 nGiETRirroN list VkOiflo Ooast Shipyard Safety Conference D eoeaber 1 3-14, 1945 S& IO C 2U ' A hem , lo lla n d B. B a x te r, L t. H. J . X la o k ls to n , Va> I . C u t tl, lit* A* B. X sta brook, J a a e t B. ta n g s , X* X* M e ld ria , I t . X> C. S epulveda, X. X. TPnaeon, J . . Xepp, T il bur CEKQgi Johnson, P rastty a L M oreland, J , C. B ioapson, C. 1 S r, S afety X n g r., 12th liaval H i s t ., San P ranciece S a f e ty O f f ic e r , Mare Island. Eavy T d ., Mare Is la n d S a f e ty X n g r., TJ5N Drydoeks, H u n ters ? t . , San 7 ran . D i i t . S a f e ty O ff ic e r , 1 1 th N aval D i s t . , San Diego f i e l d B e p ., l e s t , L iv ., B a ll. S afety C ouncil, San P ra n cisc o S afety Xngx., Bethlehennilaineda Ship. ,In c . ,ilao ed a S afety O ffic e r, U.S.Eaval Shipyd.H unters ? t . ,S .7 . S a fe ty S u p erv iso r, Matson Jlav. Co,, San X rancisco S afety D i r ., Betfclehea S te e l C o.,S h ip b ld g .I> lT .,S .r. T e s t Coaat B ep., S cott-A ir ?a k (A viation Co.) Culver C ity S a fe ty D ir e c to r, Oregon Shicbldg* C o rp ,, P o rtla n d S afety X nglnesr, X aiser Co., I n c ., P ortland S afety In sp e c to r, longue P o in t Naval S tn ., A sto ria B aird , X. J . H23S2EB1 giBfTTTTN: Sruckaan, Hubert D rear, C harles X. P ein , Sexual J. Grogan, John K. H ale, B. 0. Saxsn, I t- S. T. ,J r. Hibbard, X. J . Huffnan, O rrille B e tte r , Prank J. X o ik i, S e r a m M. M a rin o n i, John A. M ast, T. J . Marty, Clarence X. P e r ilc h , George J . Pearres . Jack P iercy, a. F. P o r t e r , F...LT.t S. X esn, Harvey 7. Xosd-3-c, Jaaes L. J r . Jan e- C. e h s f e r , Xdsard A. Scbaab, D e s l i s D. S la o n s , T . JL S n it h , H. T. n ety, Peter Sayla x , A lb e r t X. T iern ey, Harvey ? . T e j r e e a k i, V e sse ls? , Vn. 0. H le e a , 7 n + L. r, *- t. S a f e ty C o n s u lta n t, TJ. S. X eployees Conn. C o m ., Brsr T ork C ity S afety In ep e cto r,? u e t Sd. Naval Shipyd. ,Brenorton S afety X nginser, * Safety Inspector, Safety Inspector, Bafsty In sp ecto r, Safety O fficer, M aster M seh., S heet Metal Shop, P u g et Sound Saval Shipyard, B renerton S r. S afety In sp e c to r, Puget Sd.Naval Shipyd. S afety Inspeeticr,P uget Sd. lia v al S hipyd.,B ran Safety Inspector, Safet^ Inspector, Sr. S afety Znsp., Safety Inspector, Safety In sp ecto r, S afety Supervisor, Safety In sp ecto r, LeaL". t T l s c t r i c i 'a n , r Safety Inspector, " Sr. Safety In s p r., Chief S afety in sp r. Safety Inspector, Safety Inspector, Chief Safety Im p .. Sr* S a fe ty I n s p r ., Ssfety Inspector, P c r s a s n , S h e e t Meta Safety I n s t r ., Safety ta g in esr. M aster H e c tr ic ia a ^Lrterm n P ip e fltt Safety Inaoecter, r y V-sf?. -JT CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1558  au 11 O ^ *+ - i d -d A l *, O l1 -' t f d j j -d ^ 4 N s n !r<$-H H *d O *H s a g Ti * Ai | J?11 1 iSUritlttililfi `JS - - j S U j a r J 5 9 , 3 i*3pia . + ( (i * r l -H H h *:h : h h 3 ' . S * j * 1 n f | ; I |. I 1 *a"2 S 5i 3aj *Fi '*3 ap S t: 3 p H ;# : Sh >1 M I * n M D g 5H<"4 i. f 4 s a g f 8f^35" ffihf A 4 A' 3*4# | j i i S * N ft *O * -2H S* 4,, s 11 . Siisi *O J V *-hi ^ 3fe 12 * ] l $- li i H ? l 5 * td lili 'j " m T' i ? ^ b d ' ,, -." lis S HH H < ml) ti A i fHe i I n If li i U CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1559 H in t, Baul . H acto tt, Edmund J, Hannah, 3. L. Hoguo, Choeter Johnson, 2>iok X lto b e ll, K. H. h u rra y , Ban A. CO-iver, X. J , B ari, L o u is'0. Bohl, R ussoll Hoso, Howard Z. Schalt, Andros S chult i , Joroan ? S h ie ld s , John H. S to o lo , S r . V. Z , 3 ain o y , Rnlph T ic m a n , J . M. Trnm a, Jack T ig o n , John B. W ilke son, S r. S. L. S afety & Supply Co., S e a ttle S afety S upervisor, Boeing A ir c r a f t Co., S e a ttle Managing D ir ., S e a ttle S afety C ouncil, S e a ttle Riggs O ptical Co., S e a ttle Regional Supervisor, A ccident P revention Bureau of W a te rfro n t Employers A ssn, o f Wash*, S e a t tle S ta te S afoty C onsultant, U. 5. Lout, o f Labor, S e a ttlo S afety D iT ., Acsoriean O p tic al C o., S o a ttlo Znginoor, Aetna Casualty & S u rety Co., S e a ttle S afety D iro c to r, Isaacson Iro n Works, S o a ttlo . C iv il Z n g ln o o r, T echnical D e p t., Wost C oast Ltsabaiw as1! A ssn ., S o a ttlo M anager, A serlcan O ptical Co*, S e a ttle . R ep., S afety & Supply Oo., S e a ttle ' S afety A Supply Co., S e a ttle S o le s B r p ., Mine S a fe ty A ppliance Co., S e a t tle S enior E ngineer, Aetna C asualty & Surety Co., Seattle Man age r , Mine S afo ty A p p lian ces Co*, S e a t t l e S a fo ty la e p o c to r , Boeing A i r c r a f t Co*, S o a ttlo S a fo ty C o n s u lta n t, TL S. 2=ployo=s Coup. Ccrr-.l * ~ s ion, S eattle Safoty Supervisor, A ccident P revention Bureau of W aterfront Employers A ssn, o f Washington, S o attlo 8x. Scfoty In sp o cto r, Boeing A irc ra ft Co., S e a ttle Modic a l L lro c to r, Bothlohcn S tool C orp., Tounge- town, S o a ttlo S o fo ^ Sta>orrlor, A ccident P revention Bureau of W aterfront Bxployors A ssn-of T h sh in g to n ,S eattle Aest* Soioty Svpcrvi3or, Boeing A irc ra ft Co., S a a ttlo S afoty In sp ec to r, Booing A irc ra ft C o., S o a ttlo S a fo ty CoskI t t c o , M etal T rad es C o u n c il, S o a ttl o O p to ao trist, Bar to ll O ptical Bisijcnoary, S oattlo (E x c e p t Soe*a' t t l e A B r e x e r t e n ) B ricadon, E . C. S afety D ire c to r, ?o d d -?aclfic Shipyards, In c ., 3acooa,D iT ., Tacona Breen" c l , Hugh S a f e t y I n s p e c t o r , " i n s l o v M arine By. A S k i p b u i l a - * . D o., W inslov G eo rg e, C a p i. T il li o s c S a f e t y O f f i c e r , l i t . B a in i e r O rdnance D e p o t, Dnco-vi liA noro, R obert V. S afety ^ s . --:}-- G regory, M orton S a fe ty E n g in e e r, X t. R a in ie r Ordnance D epot,T ar--a Hughe*, 7 , J . S afety E ngineer, R aiser Co-, Vancouver I d , T . G. S a f e tT *u~ > -- *. -,or, E v e r e t t P a c i f i c S h ip b u i ld i n g & Dry-dock C o ., E v e re tt L c r r r i n * , X. S. B esten , L L S a fe ty S a g in e e r, Jit. R a in ie r Ordnance D epot*juoooa S a fe ty E n g in eer, Lake W ashington S hipyard*.H oughto B rio , W illie S. A se t. S u p erv iso r o f S a fe ty , S ta te o f W ashington R eyxslds, Irubbx, & D ept. o f L abor A I n d u s tr ie n , CQyxpia R ig g e r , T in a lo w M arine Igr. A S .B .C o .. W in s le r T rain in g D ire c to r, S ta te o f W ashington D ept, o f la b o r A In d u s trie * , O lyxpia CRMC-BER&FRO-OO 1560 k u o n , I i t u k C* X l i i t r o t , X. X. r iu o l , Arthur 45. Suglnaering S I* ., Taylor In stru a e n t* , '.^ncowrer.BC I n d u s tr ia l Q ^ ie n a Engineer, Dominion O o rt., Vancouver, B. C, C hief X aipeotor, lortaaen* * Compensation B oard, V ancaurer, B. C. (T otal re g istra tio n : 124)