Document Xz36kMxaxnK8GJLGevyKG4vd

Nitrous oxide N20 A colorless gas of sweetish odor and taste, used as a general anesthetic Also called "laughing gas " Olefins A class of unsaturated hydro carbons characterized by relatively great chemical activity Obtained from petroleum and natural gas Examples butene, ethylene and propylene Generalized formula CnH2n Organic Term used to designate chem icals that contain carbon To date nearly one million organic compounds have been syn thesized or isolated Many occur m nature, others are produced by chemical synthesis See also Inorganic Oxidation Process of combining oxygen with some other substance, a chemical change in which an atom loses one or more electrons Opposite of reduction See also Reduction Paraffins, Paraffin series (From va rum affims -- small affinity ) Those straight or branched chain hydrocarbon components of crude oil and natural gas whose molecules are saturated (1 e, carbon atoms attached to each other by single bonds) and therefore very stable Examples methane and ethane Generalized formula C,,H2n+2 Periodic Table Systematic classifi cation of the elements according to atomic numbers (nearly the same order as by atomic weights) and by physical and chemical properties Pesticides General term for that group of chemicals used to control or kill such pests as rats, insects, fungi, bactena, weeds, etc, that prey on man or agricultural products Among these are insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, miticides, fumigants and repellents Pharmaceuticals That group of drugs and related chemicals reaching the public primarily through drug suppliers In Gov ernment reports, category includes not only such medicinals as aspirin and antibiotics but also such nutriments as vitamins and amino acids for both human and animal use pH Means used to express the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution with neu trality indicated as 7 Phenol CgHsOH Popularly known as carbolic acid Important chemical inter mediate and base for plastics, pharmaceuti cals, explosives, antiseptics, many other end products Photosynthesis The process by which plants produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water when the green tissues (chlorophyl) are exposed to sunlight In reducing the carbon dioxide, oxygen is re leased Were it not for this process, life on the earth would be impossible Plasticizers Organic chemicals used in modifying plastics, synthetic rubber and similar materials to facilitate compounding and processing, and to impart flexibility to the end product Plastics Officially defined as "any one of a large and varied group of materials which consists of, or contains as an essential in gredient, an organic substance of large molec ular weight, and which, while solid in the fin ished state, at some stage in its manufacture has been or can be formed (cast, calendered, extruded, molded, etc) into various shapes by flow --usually through application of heat and pressure singly or together " Each plas tic has individual physical, chemical and electrical properties Two basic types thermosetting (irreversibly rigid) and thermo plastic (reversibly rigid) Prior to compound ing and processing, plastics often are referred to as (synthetic) resins Final form may be as film, sheet, solid, or foam, flexible or ngid See also Resin Polymer A high molecular weight ma terial formed by the joining together of many simple molecules (monomers) There may be hundreds or even thousands of the origi nal molecules linked end to end and often crosshnked Rubber and cellulose are natu rally occurring polymers Most resins are chemically produced polymers See also Monomer Protective coating A thin layer of 1237