Document Xz0yp0vBLeD9r4NVzreJDM1nG

( A complete, comprehensive source of information on insulation p/f*7 3--PRODUCT INFORMATION Section 3-19: Wire, Cable and Assemblies (Except Magnet Wire) f\ew Developments ^ Large-size solid aluminum conduc tor cable for primary and secondary electric power distribution lines is said to be less expensive, lighter, and more resistant to corrosion than com parable stranded copper or aluminum cables. 4 Polyurethane rubber is beginning to find more general use in cable jackets. ^ The "A" revision of MIL-V22759 has been published with re vised wording of the "stranding" par agraphs which opens the specification to the use of unilay stranding meth ods. 4 A method of completely shielding PTFE wires and/or providing an outer conductor for coaxial applica tions involves the use of thin wall tubing which can be "swedged" or sunk down against an insulated wire inserted loosely into a length of the plated copper tubing. There are length limitations. 4 A colloidally dispersed blend of butadiene-acrylonitrile synthetic rub ber and polyvinyl chloride for cable coverings is said to offer toughness, smoothness, flexibility, and resistance to-abrasion and heat deformation, and to give outstanding service when ex posed to weather, light, fuel. oil. or ozone. 4 A class 130 flexible apparatus lead wire has been developed based on ethylene propylene rubber. Until now, only siiicone rubber was recognized for this service. ^ Cross-linked polyethylene is being used in aluminum ca >le rated at 38, 000 volts. A PVC jacket is used. ^ A new family of adhesive thermo plastic copolymers for the wire and cable industry has been developed. The copolymers are essentiallv polv. ethylene with attached carboxvl groups. Author Credit This entire section was staff pre pared. INTRODUCTION 'Wires and cables are an extremely complex subject. Thousands of pages could be written (and have been writ ten). There is no simple and easy way to classify wires and cables--some are described by form (such as flat), some by general application (such as power) or bv specific application isuch as switchboard), some by type of conductor tsuch as copper), some by type of insulation (such as var nished cambric), some by property (such as high temperature), some by outer covering (such as steel ar mored). and some by voltage rating. Understandably, all this makes it very aiEcult to know where to begin and where to end in any fundamental discussion of wires and cables. In order to simplify this situation, this section has been prepared with the intention of giving readers basic knowledge on wires and cables--ter minology. selection considerations, common calculations and size data, construction materials (both metals and insulations), etc. This type of in formation is designed to permit read ers to determine where their interests lie so that they may consult manufac turers for specific recommendations. TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS The following definitions are a por tion of those approved by the Ameri can Standards Association (ASA C42.35 1957): Armored Cable--a cable provided with a wrapping of metal, usually steel wires or tapes, primarily for the purpose of mechanical protection. Bare Conductor--a conductor not covered with insulating material. Bunched Stranding--a term ap plied to a group of strands twisted to gether in a random manner in the same direction in one operation with out regard to geometric arrangement of specific strands. Cable--either a stranded conductor with or without insulation and other coverings (single-conductor cable), or a combination of conductors insu lated from one another (multipleconductor cable). Cable Core--the portion of an in sulated cable lying under the protec tive covering or coverings. Cable Core Binder--a wrapping of tapes or cords around the several con ductors of a multiple-conductor cable used to hold them together. (Note: Cable core binder is usually supple mented by an outer covering of braid, jacket, or sheath. Cable Filler--the material used in multiple-conductor cables to occupy the interstices formed bv the assembly of the insulated conductors, thus forming a cable core of the desired shape (usually circular). Cable Sheath--the protective cover ing applied to cables. (Note: For power cables the sheath is usually lead.) Composite Conductor--two or more strands of different metals, such as aluminum and steel or copper and steel, assembled and operated in parallel. Compression Cable--a pipe type cable in which the pressure medium (oil or gas) is separated from the insulation by an impervious mem brane or sheath. Concentric-Lay Cable--either: (a) A concentric-lav conductor as defined Section 3-19: Wire & Cable 351 dizing conditions. Tin. which can be applied by a "hot dip" process, is used to protect the base metal from corrosion and to enhance solaerabilitv--tin-lead alloys are also used. Sil ver provides moderate temperature protection, corrosion protection, ex cellent solderabilitv. and high con ductivity. Gold offers excellent resist ance to chemical attack and enhances solderabilitv. A great many alloys are available with a large number of them designed for high temperature resistance wire. Several aliovs are currently of interest for high temperature applications re quiring good conductivity and high strength ar.d flex life. These include a chromium-cadmium-copper alloy which provides high strength with a slight sacrifice in conductivity. An other. which is in common use. is cadmium copper--it is easy to work with and relatively inexpensive--its major drawback is a softening tem perature of 175 to 200C. Chromium copper, although it has desirable properties similar to the other alloys mentioned here, reportedly is rather erratic. Zirconium copper is said to be much easier to handle and very consistent. Metals for shielding may serve a number of purposes. In coaxial cables, the shielding in combination with the conductor and insulation determines the electrical characteristics with the goal of matching of impedance to re duce power loss of signals or rf energy. In power cables shielding pre vents surface discharges by providing even stress distribution. Shielding also restricts the electrical field of the con ductor to the insulation and prevents external interference. Conductive polyethylenes are avail able for use as inner layers and/or outer jacketing on communications and power cables. Various degrees of conductivity can be supplied for such purposes as voltage stress relief shield ing in high-voltage cables, as an elec trical interference barrier, and as lightning protection. An electrically conductive treat ment applied to fiber glass roving is designed for automotive ignition sys tems and other electrostatic shielding applications. Metals which are used for armor provide many different types of nitTs-T ical protection. Properties of typical f metals are shown in the tables on ' other pages. Invitation and Joehating Moterio/s r i v Quite naturally, the primary insidation on a wire or cable is used for insulation purposes. In those cases where the primary insulation is the only covering, it may also be consid ered to be fulfilling jacketing func tions. Jacketing provides protection against moisture, solvents, acids, alka lies, fungus, chemicals, heat, radia tion. and phvsical abuse such as abra sion and cutting. Jacketing aiso holds cable elements together and prevents contact between shielding and ground. The method of applying the in sulation or jacketing material will influence end properties. Application methods include braiding, extruding,' taping, and dip coating. Different . forms of the same material may be . applied by different methods with dif ferent properties resulting. Nearly ail of the materials used for primary insulation and jacketing have been described in other sections and Properties of Metals at 20*C Metal i Specific Heat, Cal/ Specific GramGravity C ALUMINUM.............................. BRASS Commercial Bronze (90% Cu--10% Zn)._.___ Low Brass (80% Cu--20% Zn)........ High Brass ;:o% Cu---30% Zn)._....... COPPER Annealed Wire (100% Cond)...... ................ Hard Drawn Wire (97.5% Cond)..................... GOLD........ .................................... [RON............................................. LEAD............................................ MOLYBDENUM...................... NICKEL...................................... PLATINUM............................. SILVER........................ STEEL k-Mild).......... ..... 2.71 8.80 8.67 8.53 8.89 8.89 19.30 7.86 11.3 10.2 8.9 21.15 10.5 7.8 0.214 0.092 0.092 0.092 0.0921 0.031 0.107 0.031 0.061 i). 1 05 0.082 0.05(> 0.107 ! i ResisMelting , tivity, Point MicrohmCC Cm 660 2.828 1045 995 930 4.66 5.95 6.90 1083 1.7241 1063 1533 327 2623 1452 1778 WU uou- 1.7683 2.42 10 22 5.7 7.8 10.60 1 12 i Temper- j ature ; Thermal Resis- Coef. Cond., tivity. of Resis- Cal-Cm/ Ohms tivity. Sec-C (mil. foot)! per C Cm1 Thermal Coef. of Linear Expansion /C 17.00 .00446 0.52 23 x L0-` Tensile Strength, Lbs./Sq. In- 24,000 28.03 35.78 41.50 .00145 .00114 .00098 0.45 0.34 0.26 18 x 10-4 19 x 10-4 20 x 10-4 95.000 105.000 120.000 10.37 10.63 60.14 132.31 34.28 46.91 68.75 `>.80 72.17 .00393 .00383 .0034 .0050 .0039 .0033 .006 .00300 .0038 .005 0.92 0 71 0.16 0.083 0.35 0.1 l 0.17 1.01 o.ll 17 x 10-4 36.000-40.000 5p.000-70.000 11.7 x 1 * . 50.000 28 x 10-4 1.800-4.000 5 x 10'6 100.000 11 x JO'6 155.000 8.0 X 0 1 IK X 10' 42.UU0 9 \ U)-` 5 3O.WO-70.000 1 TM................................................ TUNGSTEN...... ................... ZINC . 7.3 19.3 7.14 0.054 232 0.032 ; 3410 0.092 ! 419 11.5 5.52 6 69.16 33.20 36.08 .0042 .0045 .00347 0.15 0.18 0.27 21 .x 10-* 4 x 10-4 28 x 10-4 i-.00O-5.000 490.000 7.000.30.000 362 insulation Directory Encyclopedia issue. Mnv. 1004 eaders should reier to sections 3-1, 2. 3-3, 34. 3-7. 340. 3-11. 3-12, 13. 3-15. and 3-16 for additional ietails. In some cases, information on nagnet wires in section 3-18 would dso apply. It also should be remem*ered that fibrous-materials are often oated or impregnated. Highlights of .mportant insulating and jacketing materials will be briefly mentioned in rhe discussion that follows with refer ences to the sections in which addi tional general data may be found-- since manv of these materials are spe cially compounded for wires and cables, readers should consult the manufacturers for specific data. Acrylic--available in fibrous form tor yam servings and braids. Acrylic coating and impregnant also available (mostlv for other uses). Other syn thetic fibers find greater use for wire and cable insulation than the acrvlics. In general, acrylics offer desirable physical and electrical properties and good resistance to most chemicals and weathering. For special purpose in sulation, acrvlic elastomers can be used--they provide excellent ozone resistance and good aging properties but chemical resistance is spotty--see section 3-11. Anodic Films--most of the pub licity and possible potential for anodic film insulation (aluminum oxide coat ing on aluminum conductor) is con centrated in the magnet wire appli cation area but some other wire appli cations have been suggestec. ine coal ing is thin, space-saving, inorganic, and resistant to extreme temperatures (3600? melting point). Although anodic film insulated conductors can be bent and processed without ruptur ing the film, flexibility is limited rela tive to other insulations. Asbestos--fibrous asbestos wire and cable insulation is used in the form of varn servings, felts, lap. roving, and braid. Asbestos reinforced or combined with other materials also is used. Where space is important, as bestos papers and purified asbestos papers mav be used. Commonly, felted asbestos insulated wires and cables are available with all-asbestos insula tion, in combination with varnished BARE SOLID COPPER WIRE Sire*, Diameter', Area*, Weight*, Breaking Strength and Resistance** Si rt AWG 49 48 46 45 44 4j 4? 41 40 35 38 3* 36 35 3* 35 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 8 ? 6 5 4 3 1 1 /C NOMINAL DIAMETER Inche* CROSS SECTIONAL AREA I i Circular Mil* Square lnehet j NOMINAL WEIGHT Lbt./M ft. HARD DRAWN- MEDIUM HARD DRAWN ANNEALED Minimum i Breaking 1 Strength : Lbt. Max. d-c Re*i*tance (e. 20 C Ohm* ' M Ft. Minimum Breaking Strength Lb*. Maximum Breaking Strength Lb*. i 1 , ; Max. d-c Rcustance fc. 20 C Ohm* M Ft. Maximum Breaking Strength Lb*. Max. d-c Re*i*tance (a- 20 C Ohm* M Ft. 0.001) 0.0012 1.21 : .950X10-* ; 1.44 1.13XI0-* ' 0.00366 0.00436 i 1 ........... ... * ' 0.0016 0.0018 0.0020 o.oo:: 0.0025 0.0028 2.56 ; 2.oixio-* , 3.24 ' 2.54X10-* 4.00 3.14X10-* 4.84 3-80X10-* 6.2S 4.91X10-* 7.84 6.16X10-* 0.00775 0.00981 0.012) 0.0147 0.0169 0.023? ! ........... ... 27.0X104 1 22.2X104 17.2X104 13.8X10: : 0.0031 0.0035 0.0040 0.0045 0.0050 9.61 12.2 16.0 20.2 25.0 7.S5X10-* 9.62X10-* 12.6X10-* 15.9X10-* 19.6X10-* 0.0291 0.0371 0.0484 0.0613 0.0757 1 11.2X104 ; 880 674 533 ; 43) < 0.00S6 0.0063 0.0071 0.0080 0.008? 0.0100 0.0113 0.0126 0.0142 0.0159 31.4 39.7 50.4 64.0 79.2 100 128 159 202 253 24.6XI0-* 31.2X10-* 39.6X1050.3X10-* 62.2X10-- 76.5X10-- 100X1012SX10158X10-- 199X10-- 0.0949 0.120 0.153 0.194 0.240 0.303 0.387 0.481 0.610 0.765 ! ; j ........... 1 i .. i r 344 272 214 )68 136 108 84.5 67.9 53.5 42.7 , , ! : ' ' : ! 0.0179 0.0201 0.0226 0.0253 0.0285 320 2S2X10- 0.970 i ........... 33.7 [ 404 317X10-* 1.22 | 26.7 511 401X10-* 1.55 21.) . 640 503X10- 1.94 16.9 ; 812 638X10-* 2.46 ....................... 13.3 | 0.0320 0.035? 0.0403 0.O4S3 1 0.0508 0.0571 0.0641 0.0720 1 0.0808 0.0907 1.020 1.290 1.620 2.050 2,580 3.260 4.110 5.180 6.S30 8.230 8O4X10-* 1.01X101.28X10- 1.61X102.03X10-- 2.56X10-- 3.23X10-* 4.07X1O-4 5.13X10-4 6.46X10-4 3.10 3.90 4.92 6.21 7.81 9.87 12.4 15.7 19.8 24.9 ! : 85.5 : 108 ; 135 170 ! 2)4 i 268 337 423 10.5 ! 8.37 6.64 1 67.6 5.26 ; 84.9 4.18 ' 106 3J1 ! 133 2.63 ) 16? 2.09 : 209 1.65 : 262 1.31 1 327 0.1019 0.1443 0.1620 10,380 13.090 16.510 20.820 26,240 8.155X10-4 0.01028 0.0129? 0.01635 0.02061 31.43 39.62 49.98 63.03 79.44 , 529.3 1 660.9 826.1 1030 1280 1.039 .8241 .6532 .5180 .4110 ! f . 1 ] 410.4 513.9 644.0 .806.7 1010 0.1819 0.2294 33.090 41.740 52.620 83.690 0.02S99 0.03278 0.04133 0.05212 0.06S73 100.2 126.3 159.3 200.9 253.3 1590 1970 243? 3002 3688 .3260 .2584 .2050 .1625 ...1289 i ; i i ; 1265 1584 1984 2450 3024 0.3249 105.600 ' 0.08291 0.104S 0.1318 0.1662 319.5 402.8 507.8 640.5 4S18 5519 6720 8143 .1022 : .08021 ) .06362 ! .05045 j 3731 4599 5666 6980 ...... .* , * 76.5 96.2 120 151 189 237 297 372 467.5 58S.9 734.8 1154 1446 2273 3484 8143 26.8X10" : 22.2X10i 1 17.2X10= " 13.7X10= 11.2X10= : 876 : 671 " S30 ! 429 ' 342 : 270 . 213 168 : 135 107 42.4 33.5 26.6 j [ ! 13.2 10.5 6.32 6.61 5.23 4.16 3.29 2.61 2.07 : : I j : ! I : ' 1.30 1.033 .8199 .6498 : ; ! .4088 > J243 , 15.4 24.6 31.0 39.0 49.1 62.0 73.0 98.6 124 157 197 249 314.0 762.6 .1282 : 2432 4744 .05019: 5983 25.9X10= 21.4X10= 16.6X10= 13.2X10= 10.8X10= 64? 64S 512 415 331 26) 206 162 131 104 81.2 65.3 51.4 41.0 32.4 25.7 20.3 26.2 12.8 10.1 8.05 6.39 5.05 4.02 ; 3.18 1 2.52 2.00 1.59 1.26 .9988 .792S .6281 .4981 J9S2 .3)34 .2485 .1971 .1563 .1239 .0982S .07793 .06182 .04901 From NBS Circular 31. 4th Ed. "`Calculated i>er ASTM B2S8-S1T. Published through the courtesy oj Rome Cable Division oj Aluminum Co. oj America, Rome, A'. Y., from "The Rome Cable Manual oj Technical Information,'' copyright 2957, Rome Cable Corp. Section 3-19: Wire & Cable 363 cambric (where moisture is a factor), or in combination with a thermo plastic (for switchboard work). The asbestos felt is impregnated with either a flame and heat resisting com pound or a flame, heat, and moisture resisting compound. Suitable for low er voltage work, asbestos provides ex cellent heat and radiation resistance, non-flammability, flexibility, and re sistance to most chemical conditions. It is used for power cable, rheostat wire, apparatus cable, lead wire, range wire, appliance wires and cords, mining cable, and other applications where heat is a problem. See section 3-3. Buna N is also known as t itrile rubber. Specific properties depend on the actual composition but generally, Buna N rubber offers excellent resist ance to oils and solvents. Ozone resist ance is good and is determined some what by the blend used. Buna N rubbers are the result of the copolvmerization of acrylonitrile and buta diene. See section 3-11. Butyl Rubber--a polymer of iso butylene with small amounts of isoprene. this is an increasingly popular insulation and jacketing material. When properly compounded, butyl rubber is characterized by excellent resistance to oxidation and aging, ex ceptional ozone resistance, and very good electrical properties. Resistance to moisture, physical abuse, and chemicals is also good. Applications include low and high voltage power cables, apparatus and equipment leads, control cables, and various other cables. See section 3-11. Cellulose Acetate -- available in yarn form for wire servings and braids as well as in film form for taped insulation. These materials are characterized by very good electrical properties per unit thickness. They are non-corrosive with moderate to good resistance to chemicals. The film has been used for lead wire insulation. Moisture resistance is good. See sec tions 3-S and 3-13. Ceramic--ceramic insulations are available in the form of fibrous alumina-silica yams for servings and braids and also in the form of coat ings. Heat and radiation resistances are excellent. Manufacturers should be consulted in regard to film flexi bility and uses. Ceramic beads are another form used to provide physical separation. See sections 3-3 and 3-16. Also see mineral insulation below. Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene -- this vulcanizabie material has good electrical properties and exceptional resistance to ozone. It has very good resistance to oxidation bv sunlight, weather, chemicals, and relatively high temperatures. Although resili ence is generally lower than that of natural and synthetic rubbers at room temperature, it is equal or better at 212CF. It is relatively resistant to oils. Cotton--cotton is used for servings and braids. Flexibility and strength are good. Treatments are required to provide chemical and fungus resist ance. Heat resistance is limited. See section 3-3. Ethylene-propylene rubber -- these materials are reported to offer excel lent resistance to ozone and weather ing, good low temperature properties, good to excellent heat resistance and high temperature properties (250300F), excellent electrical proper ties, good stress-strain properties, fair to good tear strength, poor to fair oil resistance, and excellent corona re sistance. Applications include flexible cord jackets, flexible leads for class B apparatus, and possible use in the high voltage field. Two types of the polymer are available--the copoly mer based on ethylene and propylene only, and the terpolymer in which a small amount of unsaturation pendant to the chain is added. The rubber re portedly can be flame-proofed. See section 3-11. Fluoroelastomers--a number of these materials are available and some are suggested for use as wire insula tions in critical applications where high costs are justified. Properties of the different types vary but generally, they all are characterized by excel lent heat and chemical resistance. Five types are described in section 3-11. Fluorinated ethylene propylene-- FEP is similar to polytetrafluoroethylene (described later) but has a melting point about 50C lower and slightly different physical properties. It is more easily processed than PTFE. Heat resistance and chemical inert ness are outstanding. This material 364 Insulation Directory/Encyclopedia Issue, May, 1964 will likely be used in increasing; amounts where requirements are se* vere. Foamed FEP with a dielectric^ constant of about 1.6 is also used--^ it permits reductions in cable weight. and diameter. See section 3-10. Gases--because of the complex con struction and handling problems in volved, gas filled cables are used only where necessary. See section 3-1. Glass--glass fibers are used in yarn servings and braids. High tensile strength, non-flammability, flexibility, and resistance to moisture and high temperatures are characteristics of glass fibers. Dielectric properties and protection against abrasion depend on other materials or treatments. See sec tion 3-3. . Mica--mica is used as an insula tion wrap in wires and cables to a very limited degree. See section 3-15. Mineral Insulation--mineral in sulated (MI) cable and thermocouple wire consists of one or more conduc tors surrounded by magnesium oxide insulation and enclosed in a liquid- and gas-tight metallic sheathing. Be cause the construction is completely inorganic, the cable is very heat re sistant and inert to most conditions. See section 3-16. Natural Rubber--rubber by itself is lacking in many properties required of wire and cable insulating and jack eting materials. However, by proper compounding and mixing with other products, it can be converted to a ma terial with excellent physical proper ties, good electrical properties, and fair to moderate ozone resistance and chemical resistance. See section 3-11Neoprene -- chemically, this syn thetic rubber is known as polychloro- prene. Its first use as a cable jacketing material was reported in 1933. Its application over lead sheathed and rubber insulated cables has grown rapidly since that time. Although the electrical properties of neoprene are inferior to "many other insulations,- they are adequate for low voltage work. The physical properties of neoprene are similar in some respects to natural rubber but it is consider ably better from the standpoint of resistance to oil, ozone, heat, weather, sunlight, and aging. It does not sup* port combustion and resists abrasion and cutting. It is used for a wide work, a specially purified grade is re quired. The material is used in solid extruded forms and there is also some work being done with foams. In addi tion, polypropylene film is being used, either alone or in combination with such films as polyethylene or polytetrailuoroethylene, as a cable or core wrap to act as a thermal (during ex trusion) or moisture barrier in cable constructions--and. providing addi tional electrical and mechanical side benefits. See section 3-10. Polytelrafluoroethylene--this is the most thermally stable and chemically resistant of all carbonaceous insulat ing compounds. It is unaffected by sunlight, moisture, and practically all chemicals. Temperature range is --90 to +250oC and electrical properties are very constant over the tempera ture range and a wide range of fre quencies. Insulation may be applied by extrusion, taping, dip-coating, and in cases where another material is used, by dispersion coating. Both conventional and ribbon type wires and cables are made. Corona resistant modified PTFE compositions are available. See section 3-10. PolytrifluorochlcroelhyUne -- this material approaches PTFE in many properties but is characterized by somewhat lower heat resistance. See section 3-10. Polyvinyl chloride--PVC is widely used for primary wire insulation or jacketing on communication wires, control cables, bell wire, building wire, hook-up wire, fixture wire, appliance cords, power cables, light ing cables, motor leads, etc. Many different formulations are available including grades for high tempera tures, low temperatures, flame resist ance, deformation resistance, etc. Dielectric strength is excellent and flexibility' is very good. Some formu lations may have limitations when considering toughness, moisture re sistance, and resistance to chemicals. However, by proper compounding, these properties can generally be tailored to meet the requirements of the application. PVC is probably the most versatile of the lower cost, con ventional temperature wire insula tions in round and ribbon forms. See section 3-10. Rayon--this is a synthetic used for yarn serving and braid applications generally in the same applications where cotton can be used. See sec tion 3-3. SBR is a styrene-butadiene co polymer synthetic rubber character ized by good electrical properties and moisture resistance. Ozone resistance, physical-properties, and chemical re sistance are generally improved by blending with other materials. In this respect, it should be mentioned that both the synthetic and natural rub bers are not used "straight" but are blended with each other and other products in order to improve proper ties. Thus, this discussion runs the risk of over-generalization--wire and cable producers should be consulted for specific information. See section 3-11. Silica--silica fibers produced from melted quartz offer properties similar to fiber glass but even higher heat resistance (above 2000F). They offer possibilities as yarn servings. See sec tion 3-3. Silicone rubber -- silicone rubber extrusions offer retention of good electrical properties, resilience, and flexibility after long-time heat aging at class 180 temperatures and higher. Excellent ozone resistance, low tem perature flexibility, long life, low moisture absorption, weather resist ance, radiation resistance, and corona resistance are other characteristics. Resistance to some oils, solvents, and strong acids is relatively poor. Air craft wires, nuclear cable, lighting wire, power cable, control cable, ship board cable, heat and cold appliance wires, lead wires, etc., are uses. See section 3-11. Silk--used very little today as yarn serving and braid. See section 3-3. Varnished Cambric--tape wraps of varnished cambric for insulation of wires and cable offer properties that lie between those of rubber and im pregnated paper. This applies to di electric strength, flexibility, resistance to moisture and heat, and handling cable connections and terminations. It provides greater moisture resistance than paper and higher voltage ratings than rubber. In dry locations, it may be used without a lead sheath. It can be used for low and moderate voltaae cables. See section 3-7. 366 Insulation Directory/Encyclopedia Issue, May, 1964 Vinylidene fluoride--this thermo plastic resin, a fluorocarbon which is characterized by very good mechani cal, electrical, and chemical proper ties. is currently undergoing long term field tests in a variety of appli cations. In primary insulation and in jackets for multi-conductor cables, it has performed successfully at tem peratures from --80 to 300F- The material can be easily extruded, or applied as a solution or dispersion coating. See section 3-10. Acknowledgment The editors are indebted to the follow ing individuals who have reviewed, made suggestions, or contributed information for improving this section: Dr. F. M. Precopio, Wire and Cable Dept- General Electric Co., Bridgeport. Conn.: R. M. Akin III, Hudson Wire Co., Ossining, X. Y.; W. L. Gore. W. L. Gore & Associates Inc., Newark. Del.; Leonard C. Decker. Philadelphia Insulated Wire Co., Moorestown, N. J.; and Dr. R. B. Blodgett, The Okoniie Co., Passaic. N. j. SUPPLIER DIRECTORY LISTING NOTE: Numbers in oartntheses following each proauct covered in this action correspond with the numbers shown in front of each supplier of oroducts listed here (thus indicating which firms supoiy The proauct concerned). Only company nomes ore listed here -- see Pert 4. section 4-1, tor oddresses of suppliers. Bold face type indicates advertisers -- see aovertisers' listing at bock of Book for page numoers of advertisemenfs. Products Covered in this Section Listed According to Insulation end Jecketing % Materials Used -a Acrylic (8. 3s. 36] Anooic films (64) Asbestos (8. 13. 19. 24, Z7, 34. 36, 37, 40, 52, 71, 74, 81, 85. 90. 95) Buna N (nitriie) (8. 16. 26. 31, 34, 48, 61. 78) Buys! rubber (3. 8, 12. 13. 16. 17, 26. 34, 36, 37. . Cenuiar or foamed dielectric (3. 5. 6, 10, 16, 7. 2:. 24, 27. 28. 36, 37. 44, 48. 52. 72 73, 76. 78, 81. 83. 85. 93) Cellulose acetare (8. 13. 14. 27. 34. 36. 52, Ceram.c (4, 7. 23, 35. 45 52. 56. 57. 71) Cbiorosulfonared ooiyethylene (3. 13, 16, 26. 37. 52. 61. 78 95) Corron li. 8 12 l3. 17, 27, 28. 34, 36. 47, 7i. 74. 9C 95i Tluoroeiasromers (13, 16. 34) fluorlnared ernvtene orooviene (6, 8. 9, 13, 19. 26 38. 44 54. S5. 69, 74, 79, 85. 89, Gas U'.eo (`.2 35. *4' Giess floe- (2 6 10 13 16. 17 !9 21. 27, 28. 3f 36. 37. <0 43 4` 47. 59 67. 69, 74. 82. 85, 90. 98) M'Ca (8. 16. (9 27. 43, 52. 74' Mineral j maaneSiiirr. oxice) insulated (25, 52 85 'C' Nerura' ruODer (3 6 13 16 26. 31. 34. 36. 75 8r; Neoorene i3 5 a 8. 13. 16 17. 26. 31, 34, 48 58 6i. 73 74 78 79, 8'. 95) Nvion (3 5. 6. 8 i2. 13. 1* 15. J7, 19. 21. 27. 28 31, 34 3*^ 37 40 *4. 47. 48. 52. 55. 57, 62. 65, 69. 71. 73. 74 , 78, 7*. 81, ?: 93. 98 . f.,.es 3c 4C. 75' ' 6Dtm 2 24 34 3: 3 46 78 95 ^cva^nioe fj oe- (8. 12. |4. 2:. 24. 27, 52, 57. 74. Si -c.vesie- foe- (6 9. 12 19 24. 34. 36. 52 5*. 74; 'O'veStf f.:r- (8 12. 19 . 24, 34. 36. 35. 52. 57. 74. 82 95: Fo'vetnv:ene (3 5 6 8 1C 12. 15. 14, 16, 16 P, !?. 2i. 24. 2c 27. 25. 31. 34, 36. 37. 42. 44, 4c 4c 52 S3. S7. 58. 6;, 63. 69 7l, 72, 73. 74. ?6, 75. 8i. 82. 85 93 95 -oivetrwiene . cnem.ca.i'i cron- linked (2. 12 12 1c 19, 2e, 28. 31, 34, 3o, 37, 42. 46. 61. 69. 73. 75 82. 85. 93 roivetnyene irradiated (8. 16. 21, 24. 34, 42. S3. 69 72 73 76. 77 75. 8 -oivimiat ft tr. (85 roivproPvene (3. 6 8, 12. 14. 13. 16 2i. 24. 27. 25. 34. 3c 39 44. 52 49, 78, 8 i, 83. 8: 98: rcvtetratiuoroetnviene 1:s 8 o 1C. 13. 14. 16 IT. Is. 2C. 2 27, 28 31. 34 3e, 37, 38 42. 45. 44 52 54 6, 72 74, 79. 8C 8i. 82. 85. 88. 69, 90. 9-r 97 ;0-vtri'iuoro:rnioroetnvieite (5 1C. 12, |4, 15, 16. 27. 25 3.. 34 36 42 52 57, -o-vuretnane rupee* (61 "C; w i n> i cm:0*ice (2 5 . 6 6. IC 12, 14 16 17. P. 21. 24 2c 27. 28. 29. 31. 34, 36 27. 40. 42, 44 45 52. S3. 55 55 6!, 65. 69. 7! 72 73. 74, 76, 78 8C. 8i. 82, 63 135 8 9. 90, 92, 95. 98) Kavor (5. 4, 8. 13. 17. 2 :. 24 27 . 34.. 36. 48. 52. 69. 76 95, 5 nee fioers (27. 34, 82, 74. 91) 5.1.cone ruboe- (5, 9. 1C 12. 13, 16 19. 22. 24. 46. 27. 28. 3i. 34. 36, 37, 42, 45. 52, 54. 69, 78. 5 82 93. 98 S'l. (5 12. ;34, 47, 57. 69, S5R (Stvrene-butaoiene!i (2 . 5. 6. 8, !3, 16, 26. 3 36. 37. 48. 55. 6., 78. 81. 951 Vi-nisriec cambric (5. 12. 1?. 24. 27. 34, 36. 37. Vs 7c 8:. 95) Vmv.ioene fI uorice (6. 9 . 15 , 54. 74. 79, 80, 85) Luted According to Application, Function, Type, o- Form Aerie ! !' 2 s 5 12. 14 17, 21 26. 27 34. 3c 37. 42. 58. 72. 76 63. 85 95 aft end missile (3. 5, 6. 5. 5. 12 14 16, 17, p 2: 2;. 2s. . 27, 3'.. 34. 35 36 27 35 42 4: 4C. a:. 45. 2 55. 62. 65 66 65 72 72 74 , 75 76. 79! t.. 2 S3 85, 85 90 5.. 9: 98: A |Y inct 1 nsul etedi (8. i 4i. 47. 45. 7, 66 84. Sc. 98; iretus ( 2 5 .6 8 91 4 14 r. 15. 21. 26 2: 3c 37 2 62. 6c. 72 73. 74 7e. 6' S3, 8. 93. 98 AODt lance ( 3 3 . 8. 9 !2 12. 14 17. P 2i. 26. 27 * ( 34. 56 37. 42. 4c 52 7. 58. 62 , 6c . '6, 8.. 63. 85 85. 52. 95 98 A-morec (: . 8. 12. !?. 2. . 26. 34 36. 37, 42. 44, 4; 52. 6i. 73, 76, 6: 62 . 90; Avtofnoi tve (5. 8. 12 12. 14, 17. 15, 21 26. 27. 2, 34. 42. 57, 65. 66 6: . 82, 92, 98) Sdlioon insj latec (8. 26. 83; Bare (net Insulated) (3, 5 8. 12. 13 14. 2:. 26. 31. 32 34. 36 41 48. 51. 5) 71. 76 84 86. 9C 98: Cviiid inc (3. 6. i12. 21. 26 ;34 36, 46. 58. 65, 81. 98) Cabi e term inat ions (1. 8 IC. 13. 16, 26. 33. 34. 46 52. 6i. 74. 83. 87. 90 Ciac (not insulated) (. 1 2, 27. 32 34. 4;, 76. 84. 86) Coa* a' (i. 5, 5 5 tC . 12. 13 14 16 17. 19 22. 2 .. 22 . 2o.. 27, 3c V1. 3= 42 43 44. 48 52. C: 61. 62 . 65 . 64, 67. 72. 72. 76. 79. 6 . 82 85 85 89 90 93. 98' Coiled (5. 6. 8, 13, 17 2c. 34. 64 78, 80. 84. 93' Communication (3. 5. 6 8 9, 12 13. 14. 16 17. 19. 2i, 26 27. 34. 36 37, *4 46. 52. 55, 41. 42 45 48. 72 73, 74, 76 79. 81. 83. 85. 89, 92. 95. 98, Contre: (2. 5. 4. 6. 9. 12. 13. 14, 14. 17. 21. 26. 27. 34. 36, 37, Ac 48. 52 57. 58. 61. 42. 65, 46. 72 73. 74. 79. 8:, 83 89. 95. 98) Cc-c tets (5, i3. 2e 34 36. 42, 45. 76. 87, 93, 95. 98' Deiev (6. 2:. 32. 44, 72 73) 2.re:- curie! (3. 5. 8 12 14 16 17, 19 21, 26 27 3^ 34. 37, 38 4* 48 S8 6! 65. 74. 76. 8i. 83 9- 98' E ectro-.i: (I. 2, 5. 6. 8 9, 13. 14. 16 17. IE 19. 2.. 26 27. 31. 34. 35. 34 37. 38 44, 47. 48. 52 55. 57. 6!. 62. 65. 66 68. 72. 73. 74. 76, 79, 80 8.. 83, &4 E5 88. 89. 91. 93. 97, 98) F.rture (3 6 8. 9. 12. 17, 19, 21. 26. 27 31 2` 36 37. 48. 58 65. 44, 81. 83. 93. 95, 98) nernejjet ene assemblies (3 6. 8. 1C, 13 19 22 26 27. 29, 3C 34 , 38 40 42 42 44. 52 65 40 63, 65. 70, 7l. 74. 75. 79. 80. 83, 88, 96. 98) Heat inc (8. II, 19. 2i, 26, 27. 34. 36. 37, 52, 57, 66. 79. 83. 95. 98. - -- Hioh temperature ;i. 5 6 "? 9 IC 12 13. M 16. 17 15. 20 2! 20 2c 27 3:. 34 3; 36 37. 38 42 43. 44 45. 52 5! 5'' 61 64 66 67 72 73. 74 7. 80. 81. 83. 85 6c 8 90 9: 95 97 98 i Higr voiteoe (1 3, 5. c 10 12 13 (4, le. 17 19. 20. 2:', 26. 27. 3: 34 3e 3'. 36 42 4c 45 65 66 72 72. 76 80 8 e:! 85 89 5!. 93 95 98' Hoo up (3. 5. 4. 8. 9. 10. 12 13. 14 17 P 20. 2i. 26. 27. 31. 34, 36 3 : 3:? 45' 43 44 50 65 66, 72. 72. 74, 76, 79, 0 .. 82. 83. 85 88. 88, 83, 95 57 98' lon-r ion (5 8 9, 12. 13 (4 16. 17 18 2 i. 24. 31. '34. 38 52 65 . 66 . 76. 8; 83 85 981 Lead covered (3, 8 12, 19. 26 27. 34, 35 3'. 48. 52 58. 71. 79; Lioht Ino (2 8. 12 14. 16 19, 2!. 26. 2'. 3i. 34. 36. 37. 48. 55. 65. 83 5'5 98) Line (3. 5. 8. 12. 21. 26. 34. 36 48. 58. 65 3. 98) Machline tool (3. 6, 8. 12 1 4 17 21. 26. 2'. 31. 34. 36. 37. 45. 58. 65. 66 74. 89. 98) Mining (3. 8. 12. 14. 16 17. 19. 21. 26. 27. 34 36. 37 42 48. 58 65 95) Mote r ieed (3 5 6. c I? 13. 14. 16. 17 19 21. 2c. 27. 3: 34 36 37, 38 42 43 45. 52. 45. 66. 72. 73 79 81. 82. 83. 139, 93. 95. 981 Multi concuctc* (1. 2 1i 6 6, 5 1C 12. 13. 14. 16 17. 15, 20 2:. 22. 26. 27.- 31.34. 36. 37. 3? 42 44 48. B2. 55. 56. 61. 65. 66 72. 73. 74. 76, 79. 80. 8:. 83. 88. 69. 90, 93 95. 5'? 98) Piate c 0* coated (not i nsul eted) (3. 5 . 8. 21, 26. 27. 31. 34. 36 41, 44 8 1. 84. 861 Powe r (3 5. 8. 9. 12. 13 . 19 . 21.. 22. 26. 27. 34. 36. 37. 36 48. 52 57. 56. 65. 46. 72 . 73 . 8!. 95, 96. 98) Radio and television (2.. 5. 6. : 9 12. 13. 14. 16. 17 19, 21. 26, 27. 3! 34. 36. 37. 38. 42. 44, 48, 65. 73, 81. 3. 84, 93, 98) Resistance (8 li. 12. 19 . 31,, 32. 34. 37. 47. 48. 52. 9?. 73, 79, 3 90. 98 Ribbon (fiat) (5. 6. 8. 9 10. H. 14 17 22 26 3'. 22. 38, 41. 42. 48, 50, 52. 64. 65. 73. 79. 80. 8!. 83. 84, 88. 96) Servi ee entrance (3, 8. 12. 26, 34 83) Snielded (3. 5. 6. 8. 9. 12. 13. 14 36. 37. 45 55. 16. 17. 19. 21. 22. 24. 27, 31. 34. 36 37. 38 42 43. 11 45 52 55, 58. 65. 66. 47. 72 73 74. 76, 79. 80 81. 83. 88. 89. 90 93. 95. 97 98' Shipboard (3. 8. 9, 12 16 17. 19 24 27 34 36 37, 42. 43. 44. 48. 52 55 41. 66. 73, 74. 76. 81. 83 95. 98) Signs (2 5. 8. 12 17 2'-. 26 27 34 36 37. 38. 44 48. 52, 55. 58. 45 66 72. 73 74 76. 81. 83. 95. 98) Submarine (8. 9. 12. 17 26. 27. 36 37. 42. 44 45. 61. 66. 73. 74, 83. 88 5'5. 98) Switchpoa-d (3, 6. 8 12 u 17 I 21. 26. 27. 34 36 37. 42. 46. 63, 65. 66. 73 Si . S3 89 95 96 9e> Telephone (8. 12 13. P 57 2' 26 27. 28. 34. 36 42 48 65. 44. 76, 81. 83. 89. 93 96. 98' The-moeouDle 16. 8. 9. I. 2! 25. 26. 27 32 40. 42 43, 52. 57. 44. 67, 71. 72 73. 74, 76 7? 81. 83. 88. 90. 9!. 92) Tinsel (not insulated) 8. 36 41. 76. 98) Underground (3. 8. 12 14 17. 19. 21, 26 34. 36, 37. 48. 58. 65. 76, 81. 82, 95. 98) Suppliers of Preceding Products i--Advec Products Inc. 7--A!" Logistics Corp., Stretogtes Div. 3--Alcoa. Rome Cable Div. c--AHovs Unlimited Inc,. CPI Div. 5--ALPHA WIRE CORP. tr--Amerace Core.. Gevitt Wire S Cable Co. Div. 7-- American-Standard, Aero Research Instruments Div. 8-- American Standard Wire & Cable Co. 9-- American Suoer-TemDereture Wires Inc.. Sub sidiary o' Haveo Industries Inc. 10-- Amphenol-Borg Electronics Corp., FXR Div. 11-- Anaconoe American Brass Co. 12-- ANACONDA WIRE AND CABLE CO. 13-- BELDEN MANUFACTURING CO. u--Berkshire Eiectrie Cable Co. 15-- Berkshire Eiectro-Piasties Inc. 16-- boston Insulated Wire 8 Cable Co. 17-- BRAND-REX DIV.. AMERICAN ENKA CORP. 18-- Cambridge Thermionic Core. 19-- Cerro Corp., Roekbestos Wire & Cable Co. Div. 20-- Chemelest Inc. 21-- Chester Cable Corp., Subsidiary of Tennessee Corp. 22-- Cicoil Corp. 25-- Tn; C.a-*e- Cc forceiam froauets Cc. Div. 2--Coiemer CaD<e & Wire Cc. 2i--Cons: oa*e: Cor-rcu Core iemr-rc-. D 2e--Co-t ne--a_ Ccpoe- S S'ee' moustries tnc.. Ha-tie e Wne 6 Caoie O.v. 2'--Continental Wire Core. 26-- Die-ec'r.c Mate-.ais Cc. 2'--Eiec'osoace Core. 35--Eiec'ov*-- in; Comoonents D-v. 3--ELTRA CORP.. PRESTOtITE DIV. 32--cnoe na-c incusrries me. 35--THE EPOXYUTE CORP. 34--Essei Wire Core . Wrre t Cable Div. 25--'-e-s-tow- Fc'ceia-r Cc. 3c--GENERAL CABLE CORP. 37-- Genera: Electric Cc.. Wire & Cable Dept. 38-- W. L Gore 6 Associates Inc. 3>--H. F. hanscom Cc. Inc. 40-- Ha*eo Leooratories Inc. 41-- HUDSON WIRE CO., OSSINING DIV. 42-- ITT Surprenan- in; 43-- Inse Eiectron.c Prooucts inc. 4<--Tn? Internationa' Suve' Cc.. Times Wire 6 Cace Du. 4?--Iso.a-* te Mtg. Co-c. 4c--Isolation Prooucts inc. 47-- Tne C. C. Jelfit-' M-g. Cere 48-- Ke-se- Aiuminum. & Cnemicel Seles Inc.. Elec- trite Products D-\ 49-- Te Xentnal Cc*c.. Sub ib'atv ' Aktiebolate Kantna!, Sweoen. " 5C--Ken* Corp, 51-- lerioee Wire Inc. 52-- Tne Lewis Engineering Co., Wire Div. ----------------- (ADV)------------------ THE LEWIS ENGINEERING COMPANY Nougetuck, Conn. Thermocouple wires, thermocouple extension wires, multi-conductor thermocouple eebles. Widest selection of insulations, configurations, conductors (thermocouple or electrical). For temperature extremes from --300F te 2000 F and above. 53-- Male Mic. Cc. 54-- L. FRANK MARXEL 8 SONS 55-- M.crooot inc.. Caoie Div. Sc-- Mltronles inc. 57-- Moiecu-Wire Corp.. Subsidiary of Superior Tuoe Cc. 58-- Na-raganset- Wire Cc. 59-- Ne- Plastic Core., Nupia Mtg. Co. Div. 40--M. M. Newman Corp. 61-- D. G. 0'6rien Inc. 62-- Paridu't Core. 62--PARAPLEGICS MFG. CO., INC. 64--Pe'maiuste- Inc. 62--Pralo Piastics Corp. 6a--Phiieoelohie Insulated Wire Co. 67-- PHYSICAL SCIENCES CORP. 68--Pces-Tles Coro. 6--Piastoid Corp. 70-- Precision Circuits Inc. 71-- Pyrometer Co. of America Inc. 72-- Radiation Materials Inc. 73-- Raychem Coro. 74--Revere Corp. of America 78-- Rutnertord Research Products Co. 76-- Saxton Products Inc. 77-- Seouoia Wire Co., Subsidiary of Raychem Corp. 78-- Simple* Wire & Cable Co. 79-- Simple* Wire 6 Cable Cc.. Hitemp Wires Co. Div. 80-- Soecma-Strip Wire S Cable Corp. 81-- Stanoard Wire L Cable Co. 82-- SUFLEX CORP. 82--Superior Cable Corp. 84--Svivanie Electric Products Inc., Parts Div. 88--Tensolite Insulated Wire Co. Inc. $6--Texas Instruments inc., Metals & Controls Inc. Div. 87-- Textron Electronics Inc., GC Electronics Co. Dev. 88-- Tnerma' Wire of America Inc. 89-- Tnermaties Inc. 90-- Tnermo-Eiectric Cc Inc. 91-- H. I. THOMPSON FIBER GLASS CO. MATE RIALS DIV. 97--Tnwino-AJbe'* Instrument Cc. 9>--Vlcto* Electric Wire S Cabie Corp. 94-- Warren Wire Co., Subsidiary of General Cable Corp. 95-- Western Insulated Wire Co. 96-- Westwood Cable Corp. 97-- Wirecraft Products Inc. 98-- Wirekreft inc. * Section 3-19: Wire & Cable 36'