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388 CHAPTER 15 1955-Guide? Handbook of Oil Burning, by Harry F. Tapp. Handbook of Oil Burning, by F, H. Faust, Editor-in-Chief, and G. T.'Kaufman Editor (Oil Heat Institute of America, New York). ' Domestic Oil Burners, Installation and Servicing, hy C. H. Burkhardt (McGraw Hill Book Co., New York). ,; A Study of tbe Oil Burner as Applied to Domestic Heating, by Arthur H. Senner (Technical Bulletin 109, V. S. Department of Agriculture). Progress in Domestic Oil Heating, by Rene J. Bender (Mechanical Engineering October, 1942). ' A.S.H.V.E. Resf.arch R.eport No. 907;--Study of Performance Characteristics of Oil Burners and Low Pressure Heating Boilers, by L. E. Seeley and E. J. Tavanlar (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 37, 1931, p. 517). , . A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 925--A Study of Intermittent Operation of Oil Burners, by L. E. Seeley and J. H. Powers. (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 38 1932, p. 317). Air Supply and Its Effect on Performance of Oil Burners and Heating Boilers, by L. E. Seeley, J. H. Powers and E. J. Tavanlar (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 39, 1933, p. 75). Study of Fuel Burning Rates and Power Requirements of Oil Burners in Relation to Excess Air, by L. E. Seeley and EdJ. Tavanlar (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol.. 40, 1934, p. 319). Oil Burning in Residences, by D. W. Nelson (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 41, 1935, p. 355). A Study of Oil-Fired Heating Boilers, by R. C. Cross and W. R. Lyman (Heating and Ventilating, October, 1931). Gaseous Fuels (American Gas Association). Comfort Heating (American Gas Association). American Standard Approval Requirements for Central House Heating Gas Ap pliances, ASA Z21.13- (American Standards Association). Vol. I. Steam and Hot Water Boilers, Z21.13.1-1951. Vol. II. Gravity and Forced Air Central Furnaces, Z2113.2-1951, with addenda Z21.13.2a-1952. Vol. III. Gravity and Fan Type Floor Furnaces, Z21.13.3-1951. Vol. IV. Gravity and Fan Type Vented Recessed Heaters, Z21.13.4-1951. American Standard Requirements for Installation of Domestic Gas Conversion Burners, ASA Z21.8-1948 (American Standards Association). American Standard Requirements for Installation of Gas Equipment in Large Boilers, Z21.33-1950 (American Gos Association). American Standard for Installation of Gas Piping and Gas Appliances in Build ings, Z21.30-1950 (American Gas Association). .1951 A.G.A. Industrial Gas School Lectures (American Gas Association). Radiant Gas Burners, by J. D. Keller, A.G.A. Sales Conference, 1949 (American Gas Association). Industrial Furnaces, Vol. 1 & 2, by W. Trinks. (John Wiley & Sons, 1944). A Method for Determining Fuel Burning Rates in Heating Boilers Fired by Auto matic Devices, by R. C. Cross (Heating and Ventilating, January, 1932). Heat Losses and Efficiencies of Fuels in Residential Heating, by R. A. ShermaD and R. C. Cross (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 43, 1937, p. 185). CHAPTER 16 HEATING BOILERSj FURNACES, SPACE HEA.TERS BOILERS: Construction, Types, Design:Considerations, Testing and Rating Codes, Efficiency,^Rating, Selection, Space Limitations, Connections and Fittings, Erection, Operation and Maintenance. FURNACES: Types, - . Materials and Construction, Ratings, Testing and Rating Codes, Efficiency, Design Considerations, Humidification Equipment. . SPACE HESTERS: Types: Solid Fuel, Oil, Gas; Materials . and Construction, Testing and Rating, Design Considerations, Installation IN presenting the subject of Boilers, Furnaces and Space Heaters this chapter is divided into three parts; the first dealing with boilers, the second treating warm air furnaces, and- the third covering space heaters. HEATING BOILERS Steam and hot water boilers for low pressure heating are built of steel or cast-iron in a wide variety of types and sizes, many of which are illus trated in the Catalog Data Section. CONSTRUCTION The nationally recognized code governing the construction of low-pres sure steel and cast-iron heating boilers is the ASME Boiler Construction Code for Low Pressure Heating Boilers. Some states and municipalities have their own codes which apply locally, but these are usually patterned after the ASME Code/ The maximum allowable working pressures are limited by the ASME Code to 15 psi for steam and 30.psi for hot water heating boilers. Hot water boilers may be used for higher working pressures, for heating pur poses or for hot water supply, when designed and tested for the higher pressure. TYPES OF HEATING BOILERS Heating boilers are classified in a number of different ways, such-as: L According to materials of construction. These are steel and cast-iron. Very lew non-ferrous boilers are made. 2- According to the fuels for which the boilers are designed. These are coal, handf ) s*'ler^-fired; oil; gas; or wood. Some boilers are designed specifically for one ue > but many boilers are designed for more than one fuel. ^ccording to the specific purpose or application for which the boiler is used, ucn as space heating or domestic hot water supply. c According to the design or construction of the boiler such as sectional, round, "re-tube, water-tube, magazine feed, Scotch, etc. Cast-Iron Boilers Cast-iron boilers are generally classified as: com T*are or rectangular boilers with vertical sections and rectangular grates, nnionly known as sectional boilers. Round boilers with horizontal pancake sections and circular grates. 389