Document XpQ7Ymk51XV7vnk1yvDN5JVB

FILE NAME: AZW/W DATE:^ DOC#: A/W OCUMENT DESCRIPTIONhZZZZZ W t ,~ , ..... ~.-":'--. . '?\j. '.' .:::2.::.. <.:... ,', . DRAFT SEPTEMBER. 1960 ;a\\lloUn No. . 'I I . I 1: r. , I j >, ., '. . .: ~ '.' .. I', ... " : ...,.......,.. ' - "" r .. ' :;:,~o/ft};t;;:;,.. .~:' " ...... ' ..... , .... . ,:,... . . Soc:letY.!'~ .Pl~.U~. Ind~~~~hnc. . '.;.~ . ~ .' ' .. " "::~ ...... , .' .' '.I.;.t:~.~ Z50 Park AVl!lnu.~ ,: . ..... . ' ~ .... ~ .',' .~. ~ ;. < "".. , .I , " \ .... ; I' .: ;'!' ~. <": . ...'..,' . ,' ",. ~.~,,-,:~ ~~ :::(:";~f' Ne.w...Y. ork 17 0 NQW '"',' York .'. ' .. OCCQ'lZJS314 1 1 : , .. .,, ,'0; I')' I .. ~ f-=~ .1-",,- ;Ct ..... : ,., i. j I' 1 ' '" ~ ._ t. , INTRODUCTION .'ff~i=ldUi Thil buU.tln.pJ"~y1in~4~,tJ"y with tun.!)t avaJlablf .lnftmnation 01 a.hntcj.... a. relntOl'cemeat!la Jtl'ehUorcecl plut1c.n A.R.P. anil data concuning the (AaDeatoll Reinforced uae I~~ Plutlca) pr()v1du indultry with matedal. capabl' ol meeting various prope:rtif!ll or require- menU. r Typleal ARP Propel'tiu or Rcquirement,_ ) l\ea.\ ~e.l.tance High .t.UnelJll (E) Low thermal conductivity High mechamcal IJtl'ength Varying electrical chara.cteristics Chemical RulUanee Cryogenic Rcl1.t&nco High toughnellD !~ !j l'PremJ.x compound ingredient .~ 1i <:c=1, GUJ1k molding coxnpounda " ~ft ~ '. " . T)'PicalJJ\P Product. ~i~ ~m ~=I d" I '-. ;jO: ,. "':'1Y. "'.:'".'. '. .", ....... . : ' :.!.,;'... CookinS ht.nc1le uten'U, nl..ckout Olr bombp;roo! .hdtera :J SwltchbO*.l'd. ' , :~S Electric Motor C"'ing . MiuUo nose cone Rocket motor structuru and ". ' :Lamp Sockehi '.. ' ': '. ' inauation ,~1.: . , .. ,' :Domestic'lt Inclultdal electrical panch Jt CommutatoX' RiIlga :..... " " Mi..Ue bla.llt tube. Brake Uningll ll'l'l~Uon lals for lLuto.matie (,i ';!:.~ ' Oa Au bl to e 1n.u bOdy la " .to:u .:.;' Ra.nW&bJ'tiOd~ ", ~~t. matu oquipm..~nt ~~;; ; , .' Hou.1ng. for auto eater.... ab' concUt:!one:ra Clutch ......cing. Oa.8kl:te '\~ Underground'conduit. pip" ' Val .... 1iII Roofing ':1:, . Sewer Nol,e 1A.ulatot;. Acid proof tanks. Helmet. ~ , . " . ,'.....: GUn gdp. ~., Oa.. vent tubu or plpea Airera.ft duct1ng i)! ':":: ~~~.~:a:!-~Ot. Chemical ~11terD. . : ..,:.t '.' .' '. ," '.'.: ~ '.~' '.I'M. bulletin don '" hot cU'CUI. flbnglall or , gola,u.b..Je1c1::bt noflrpeian.fnorfciebderplhfuat.ibCe'ewnhriec.h...ireewperdeainentl , ..~- ;:t "'a large 'an4 cOllotmuSpI SI'OWJAS lndu.t1'y. Th ::, niuntrouI &PlC litilletin. and Utera.tu:e. Ala0, thi. review don not include dbcullltiol1l1 on \~ "other libe: uali'd iD 1I:e~O:rCld pla..t1c."; .uch a., cotton, nylon. 1'&),on. deal, quartz. ':'~; ':'. "l~\un.nlC:';ic~ etc. "OCCO'-IZJ'SS15 . . :.' ". " '. .. : : . . . . . . . The prillclpal rea.onl '. for Pl'lIpazoJAg thl. bulleUn are attributed to the growing demand for '. A.ILP. and. that an educ:a.UoD I. l"equ1red. !la botter undentanding ...hutps I.. IlppUed to reP1&it1Cf. Raw a.bolto. can introduce .. multiplicity o~ problem. if its variables are inforced not unclcl'ltooc1. Tb... val"l&bl.. Include conditionuch .. chemical analyd.. g:rading.' '. ': 'cla..Wcatlon, f.nd in ..nd ~a.dlDS cQncUtloJlt. certain lndultriu wbe".. VarioupecU'l.cation...re anU.blo, but it A.a.p. la und that new .peclfications for ha, bee'n the un of : detorrn .. Ibnto. ID J'einfo:rc.d pl.-Uc. will lud\1&lly evolve baud all new indulluy requirements. 1. ~~~.--~,----------- ~; ,." ",-'.-0 j CA): i ;... 0 . ' . I\) !t:.......... !l r-~' i \L-'-' ,_-,-I i. " f ' : -.'. ..... - .-. ,. , '.~..::: ~. , . r ! A.blDflto. . has t been w' ono of m a n k i n d ' l J ' . . '. moa t J II creaUve" of matariala. Engineerll and ehemista many dUIercnt products. In thll paat have continually Ulled euI albutal albuto. in Ule manufactul'e ha. been ullod for many dlverlUl.ed produc:h ,nd applic:a.tlonll. eu, IcientUic , SZa.ne0rdi0Og0UeynI eUraI.l.ohl aaveobebaotcoo.rnooccetx,ttrennddvCehlli'mnSmtahneytuarpnheoufltIheanlda~ntewc:eunBt'.elrsy.areItcl.onustantly found for it. It's usa ill ulually" c.lD.uUiecl'ac:cordlnl to the type of prodl.1ct. Oroupinga lIuch a's al'o'lIometim.u used: however, building producto material plaIlUC:IJ, textilel, and heat insulator. the.., main groupll - a. IU'I example, an aabesta!! paper product can be Ulled allbutoll can {or ovedap in heat inlula.Uon and .1DO 1n buUdlnS c:onlt~etlon. To lomlD people the wOl:d only 1dentUiIDII a .finproo{ cloth. Asbeltol occur. In rock mauu. The lie iiberabearlng rockll pr"oovniedae. {Torhefyibaerrse oufsevdariinouthse lengtha. The Ih.boruttnolllbinedrullllatrryel mnaomreelayb,uncdemanetntthapnl'otdhuecltosugJleuJcOh 8.11 dding BhingleB, !lat l&1'leat lingle a aheots, :rooting IIbln,lDII, and corrugated IIbeetl. '., The longer .... c fl1~o1'.-.ro primnlly ueed to manufAc:tu1'O te,xtuQ pJ:'oductl reported to conlUtute the lIueh as yarn. cloth, lIocond larg..t UBe t!aoprea, lfbeel.t.toa.ribdultagpe. noTrhaellyte1x0t1il8etihnedi.ruI.td'TenIti.ty Idnce they go into other products. Principal volves hand picket \ Saline 01' method 01 obtaining asbtol (or tho toxtUe Spoelal nbublng pt-oaul.. mdustty in at the textile mill arc o! prim. opentlonl at the mine. hnpc:;%t':flce In manufacNre ol tlll~. proclucts. II pTl.ax.tnileel,..bbr.aakteollipnrinogdDu,ctE. Uatner.u,lleodleicntrdiiclalel rcern-btlfoi.e,ldasnaIntchleusd-imngal tienxltliulelaDt.orpsa. ekingD~ gaBket., ! Oe1\lIJ'al Featul'OI The imporlance and commerclal valuo 01 aabo.ioll is attl'lbu'ted agent. to ill I incombuDtibiUty and unburnabl" rock, crea.ted I U'II Wllque flbrouI .tructurll!. It by' .uc~ a proc:... that b .. Ipinnllble 01' filling man hal not bien able to reproduce It in \.hi!! blS)lly ther. by'nature .ciolltlflc wo~~c!. lt,lI a m~era1 aWe, undecayed and unaltered by time or wea ! A.bulo, hu the chal'aeterhtlC:1 of .Uk or cotton, acids. but it will not burn. Albeatoll is a It 1. reBilltant to moi2lture a.nd corrosl.on. ), ~ great enemy of b.at, Ilame, chernlcala and t .ilk. Aansibmeaaltoo.riligbienl'(Swcoaonl abnedindlvldeut.c.u.y) afnibdetrhbOelde 'aonfdvehgaentdalbelde loIirmigUinar(ctootototnh,erflfaibxe, ..e.tce.u)c.h 8S :, To tho '. phyllclatl and aclOen:-1ru.Otll1, Z.lJoSeB91lO6. being ' both fibrouI and crYlltalline, rnakoa it ptoduct which has a many wbeocnodmroeuisJlmdlastpeorniaaal.bleTthoim. Ja'onckkintdyp.einmceatietr1i1al\lia.c.d. innaNrallcdiieHnetniInict field 11, of industry. The Creek word a.bto. me&n. bldutl'uc:tlble, unquel'lchable and . Italy, U. s. A., dernal. It hall been found South and Central America. in almOBt an Farh of the globe. Jncludlng Canada ~. i....,---_.. CV: l" '1':"0 I ' I\:) ."Ii'O, ;' . ,.., f'--" !,--.... ! --J --_..._. J._. _._......._. ,...:.... '-',.. _..,.. _."-- ......._. . , ,_, .. ,--.' ., I). '.* >.6 China, A!ric:;r., Japan, Spain, and Southern Newfoi.Uu:tl:nd. An'h'.Ha, Portugal, Hungary, RU8llicl., Mde&. CClJ'runarclal value 11 p:rlncip~ly ~onc:eZltrated Central ill the i>n~j of Canada, RUllia, Cent,.l .A1'rlea and South IJ'X'lc:a. 'the Canadian allbeltOI la gf!nf!rally eonllldered to be Buporlor to others iD.oln aa ell8entlal propertiea of lnfudbi11ty, t-=nai1e " strength. linen... and ..elasticity i. concerned. Many theodea exl.t concerning the fOl'mation ol aabe.to.. 'l'he theoriea' basically dlliel' depending on'the .oune of infonna~lon. ~ell though alJbCultol has been known for agu, it'. geoll)gical hhtory and lorrna.Uon are .tiU matteu of conjecture. and One of the Uieo:rl.e Inv91vIIhteheIg:ntlilol\lluIIlt roofcvko.lchaandicacai!d;Ulcviitnytrwuhlliicvheaocthca\ltrrfeodrmmeadnygrh;munitderaedan. dof ,thoul~dl of y8&%" ago. T leldap..rcUkol, The ultuba,lc intrulllvea fonned dunite which eventua.lly formed perldo- Ute PYl'ox,ne' peildotie .Itn coming in contact with olivlne and oxide.. Tht'ough tho ', paued through vadoutase. of physlcal and chemical changes to form 'aBu, the.. ,ock . ,: " mlneJ.'~' known ,el'})entlnClt "l'hl. cbanS8 occurred during the time when p:ro8lluro wa.s' " , , ',' , :croatoc1 on : hot sroMd the "ocle. cau.ID; 'cl'&ck. in the rock.. w&~n.'d.:rivod frOm the JnfUtraUon of In tul'n. raln or these era'elt. wne IWoc! with .uriac:e watDl's. The continual ,::", ',' ,lnf!lbati.on of I11l1 contamfua~~d 'With watOl' undor hoat'and pru'.ure 'acted &11 ~.,rOllt mineral.. Cry.tal,' dev~loped a .olvent! and were The wator'bec:atnCl depoiit~d in the Cl'LCl!;1I ,=.,: :. .; of tho rock.' " MOlt rocke are made of cry.tab, Cry.tab hold one of the most 'Clc~et of r..U nature I 15 my_teTlu, Thele cl'Y.t~e fo:rm bulc patterns. Tho mlnuala which make up the crYltale are important and ,r04\11:0 ~o ,pocUlc: dWnent type ~.be.to. libera. , The reek iorm.atlD~ in Canada la variety of tho D1iV1n~ which it compoud of iron, marnes!a, and dllcate, l flow . WatcJ' cont.ining carbon dioxide and ot'biShly contaminated minoral wlLtor etrlt in eolution penetrated the rock.. changed the, original rock from iron - 'l'hil Sradua containlng mineral to masneda - .Uiea - water. Ac.cQ:r.'<Jing to the goologilJt. this reaction , took place thou.and. 01 leot below punnt elwatlonl ' " ..Since it 11 bllilC'l.d thaitt ailtlbbee.ltioev. eddevth.laotpIendthdeeecp:awleithoifnthteheNeoarrtthh'Awmheerrieca!.'ncCoOulId)tjb,neenlIt.ubtjhoected to prenu:rD and hO'at, glaciel.'ll or manlvo ice' !onnation eventually removed the ca.:rth and expo,ed aebutoll on the ,udace of the .arth. "ro:". :~::: -, 5".; . ....:..::; ".1;. ':. ...~ ,'/, . ...... r.. : ~ " '. ... . ' .~.~. -.,1' .. " ,t : During the fOl'mation of albo.ttoo. cwraitchkt.bt,hecoCntriyn.\tlUallporar ufiublrl1e'llndpeovle'tlcodployd mvaorvioinuglIthpeattroorcnkll tormationll and in the crack., cau.ins rock. The l'e8uUant velD. of albelto. rock wen predominately broken 110 'that mo:re Of'PUI Jborl a,buto. fiben an avaUable. I Oro Deeoalt:a occot::ZJr~917 A_buto. ill made available to lndultry olthe~ dirocUy from the mines or through distributors. At lout 90,". or the Blbelto. 11 obtained directly from the minfll. Mo~t of the asbestoll ' . , 3 . -.-----~.......--.--~ ......---~ ....--.:..,.......--.. -~- " ...... :~. . ' i....._-_. 'iO !e,! ,1. : 0 ' r: 1-- a_-,-t .--.,.-! ,-. -- I J " .:. .!I- II , t:ompanle. which mine albeatol, ule the lubellto. to produce product!! '.\h fleconda:y !n~e":'u,t ''lo:r c:omp!L'lloll. There are Illao m!L.'l\:.!a(~u=-iIIg Ct'mpan!es whie! in .upplylng raw .pec:ia.]JJ!e iD tht' a"b_.tu. to ..: sn~uac:turc: .-ncl pl"'oductJon of a.be.toe prod',:,c;:1I witho~t direc=ly owning. mm!!'e. The United Statu b theWorlcl'e lCaarllgaudat,pl'TodhuocCela'noaf.d8iaInIbmutmOelspraordeufcatvllo. raTblhye lmocaaintedl!o{uorrc(' of atbelto. for the United Statu la .upply1Dg the United St&tell coneumer.. Canada provides approximately 90~4 01 the allbesto, u.sed. l>om..Ue a.ebutol conlflbute. approximately five percent. The enormoul tor;r:Uory ofriUnScSipRlecopnrtoadinuscearssbeosftAosllbdeellptoolllinu tthoe lwuco1h'ladn. eTxhteenstethdaept othseity.. IaIhroeuld be conlidered one ol the p generally conlidered lecond of importance to the Canadian. Prior to World War I, R1Ul&ia occupied IIOconcl place among the world's asbelltol producel'l'. IU largeat. a~bes~o~ mine ... Ill'e IIUuate~ In !he Ural Moun~alna. Deposit. alao exillt in Siberia. Cradln.s . . i I With the gradual p:rogrelll In devoloping blghly engineered produch with aBbestos, the ubutoll bldulItl')' hall required the mmu to ut up special methoda of CliillBHying aebeltoa in Accordance with length of fiber. ~et mauuring of actual altlatpol'edl~eentgltlh forfomal'o~coltlttoona.fibrac)y;'onia, oIUnI"d oofththeer mflobarerlldwillhiiccuhltatraeBks by the manufacturer. Albe po.sible to comb. By combing the liberal the actualleng~ can be meaJuredi Staple length ol Ch1'yIlD'tlle allbelto. flben 01 anyone of the variou. types variell hom 3/8" to In and down to microscopic; measurementlS. Orading ar.e allo of alb.stol I. generallyon the ba-lill impottanUo the libel" in addition to of leIlgth rather than length a.re fiexlbllity quality. Qualities which and HnenellB. The more flexible and lines lben 81"8 ulBd for Ipinning and wOlLving textUe p\'oductl. The shorter mUled fiben are uud In varlou. product. Illch a. aBbeatoll cement. tile, and brake lininga. j In co 19'1. nunltt a ee ~ommlttee cn "Unllor wa.. m C o:rgantzed by the llll,dllc;atlon and Mini.ta QracUns r o o f f MlJlctJ A,besto o e f \he P Minl!!tJ rovince Product o lJ f " Que bad bec. the project of rev'IJngJ~~!. ~EY~otiltl alboBto. sr-adei. 1 Tho I I I I I The Canadian Albntoa Produco:. have let up what ill referred to a. "Quebllc Slllndard I 1 A,beltOI "TOtting Mac:h1nell tor elallUylng mllled aabe.to.. Thla method is b~Jed on the l mcc:banlnlslevlng of flbers. Then has been a geno:ra1 trend to adopt the Canadian Standard. ClaIllUlcat!on; however. many of the old minell in Canada IIU1l retain their own ! 1 method. which are IpocUlca!1y tailored to their customerll. The Clsllllification divides chry.otUe into tw9 main cla.... of crude and mWec allb.IIWII, The Crude A.belto. consiatl TohfethMe iblalenddAlelblenctoteldl cco:rnolllllawteveoinf lanlgl mgraadteerlilaplreosdlulecnetdiablyly in it'a . native 0,. unllbedzed form. mechanical treatment of .lbOiltoa ore. Thua two m~in dlviaion.s D.%e aub"divided intD d1Horllnt ,roup. rlmging from group No. 1 to No. 9. 4 . , .....- .... -.--------,~---, j ' - . - - - - .. -. . ..-.;~ \..... :L.fi a_-,-I ,-'a--, I ' ;: -------- ",.., ." 'Slit~~....._ _.. ~----,- ..,-_.-. .Croup No. Z Crude Albeltol Cnde NC!. 1 CndeNo.2 Conl!lilltll ball1caUy of crude 3/4 inch IItaple a.nd lo::tger ConlhtB basically o! crude 3/8 inch stap1e up to 3/4 inch Con,llla badc4uy of \i.nllorted .. cr"del Consist!! of crudea atl\n than. IIpaci!ied above . . ",' ,:;0:( 'It;, i' .' , 'r. .-~ --.' . . ..;.:~' . , ~:',,~-''J...;t ,.Croup No. 6(Wa.te} 6D Oroup No. 7 (Short. or 1hule) 'ID 7li" OSC01Z]59l9 -.3.9 '-7 .~7 -1.3 1.5 -4 ~O. 3 ..-0. 5 -1 8 -4 -~ -9 -4 -2 -8 -6 -z " -6 -8 - -8 -8 :F .~t~f.; -9 :'.- ., -10. -9. ~ -3 -3 -3 ':.' -4 .. 4 -~ -5 ,.......: ... .... ............ ".". ~ ;,..: :. ;,!':~;4 -o::'.!,! .. ' 0 -0.5 -10.5 -0 0 -0 -12 -4 0 -0 -11 -5 0 -0 -10 -6 1,--,'I,~-.J ;-..J 0 .. 0 ,,1 ... ~ 0 -.0 5 11 0 "0 .. 4 .. 12. 5. ,:.- JJb .... ----.....) .., . ',' ..\ :' .:;..... ,,: ',. :.: : ,:". ~',~....~.'.:.'!'.. . ;; . ,-.-~--.'-'-'-~----- ___....,'::.-".:c. :....----..,....-... - -..-~,..,... ,~ ...., .... ~....~ . Group No. ., (Shorts O~ Refulle) continued iH 7K" . 7M 7R 'IT 7W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 3 13 Z 14 1 l~ 0 16 0 16 0 16 Group No. 7 (Floats). 7RF . 7TF '.' ot '",:, Group No. 8 (Sand and qravel) 8S' ........l ,', ..... , , ;;/t .... ' J ~"'4~':\1' '.. f '~'\~~ ;:, \. .:?l~ .'. . 8.~ , a.~'~.~-.~, :"~~~~": ~,,;:::, I . .- 9T. ::~I..':)... ~...~. ::. :.' . !.~:~;.~ ,.':'. '., W:~ :.::.,.','. -..; '. ,-.. ', Vt.fr~-. ..J.:.',.;'.:~.>-:';... :.' :- '.' .:'..'. ';.. !." - . +. ..... :... " , ' =. ; ?~ . ~ .: .:,.;!.\;." :," ,~".'.~,: : .'- .....:. - .:.-. " ;;1 .~.'.;:'~.;L?;~: .: ." ~. t ....i . ' ',......~:.. . '. =>':; .,-. ~~.~;~;~,,\: ~0':: ... .', :" no teat . no test'" Under 50 pounds per cubic foot lODIICI measure Undc:r 75 pounda per cubic foot loole meaClurc (Ner 75 pound. per c:ublc: loot log.,c mealure i':';i:J,~ :.:.: ,'~ -*Tho .uHlX ~tF'.~ 'deJ~p.ato.:.I.ln~at.1I in the can of the i,ll :~~;:;~;~([!:>';;iii~~>fl:;:!~~~i:i::. f.8~i OCCO lZJ!;920 I;:i~~~~~. ..' .11.;,'0'1 . . . :,:""'I~; '...:.. S!f ..:. ~~.-:' " l\k!~~.J.t.7I1.~.~~.::.-;--:'J:i~l;'l1.ll.~;.r~i...~:~L.i":"::~..:...;..)JC~:"..'':Y\:.~,.$~#~J~.~:.~i"Ll". .t..\~~~.~=;:';.~~;: ;V:':f[.:;~:'" '#," {. :: .!:~:i~': "..:~.:-,':~;t~.:~~,.,:LI4~i~;!~1~'..~~~1:~~f.&\j't:.~!~'~~..";;!~r'.:''.:.~..,:.:~~:'~.':.<..""\:':.";~-:::'.~~;. . .: I . ',' ...... .-' ---r,,"_' '" ':, ! 1 .\L..t-, f --..J ,t ......... "j 6. \ ' . , .. ; In the Ciroup No. 1 and No. t2hethme UlelnedgthobfntthoeC rtuhdoeQ.u.ebbuetcoS.taCnMdabrde mTeCllituinugre}d-..! b,cyhmineeaints oC combing. In the can of undo It con.iltl o( three Ilacked acrcc:ml and a pan zoeetlng on a table. Thef~ " rl"enll are driven by an eccentric IGarinIcDh txha1t4a~n3/e4lUinpcihUweailthmtohtetobnoixllep. reoadcuhce'-dI/oZn tIhnech,",in d,enpst.h, Each acreen meaauru Z4*1/2 Tb. top box which la id.entified aa Box 1 conlilta of a wire Icreen with 1/2. inch openings, Box, hai d 4-mesh .....ire. Dox 3 ha, a. lO-meah wire and Sox 4 la a dOfled receptical which co11ol:\1I all matter' filtered through the o~er three boxes. The lnotion oi the hoxes and the tlme that fibl'eB are lubjected to motion lIS'e flxed. The test'procedure 11 to lntrodute 16 ouncel of asbutoll on the top tray. After two minuteol of mgUon, the fibre in eaeh tray la weighed. The more fibre retained oAnathane leixnamt .pclere, eGnroanudp tNhoe. l3e.K. efpibecreififeas114i~-g7-l4n-tg1.theTphaisn mple"oadnu.set'~ a higher grade product. that In a ,ample of 16 ouneCl, Box No. 1 retained <4 O\Ulce~. Box i! retained 7 oum:es, Box 3 retAined 4 ounCeJl and one ounce fell in the bottom pan. i' - . - - -.. '.';'1.. i1,,G:O1 ,:"J, The Quebec A.butol Mining. Aap$pIIroocvleaUd omnahcahsineee. t uTphsetyansdp.eacridfytetahtemmg eptrhoocdedoufJtaekaiwngh i8eahmple I!I include the UIII of a atandard for tUUng. When toating Group No. 3 fibres. 'a composite .ample 8hall he made up from each and evc'ty lot ot 100 bass ineluded in tbe number to be tested. Each composite, sample ~ Iball be made up by taking a handful (about 4 ounce.) {Jom every fifth bag of the one :~ '.~: . .:, 't.I' hundred bags. .h,~.;'t.; In the ~aee 01 Group No. 'so4d,ba5,seoirn7clufldbedn.I,n athceonmupmobseitretosabmeptlee~tsehda.ll be made up from each ~ ,l,1.:i, and every lot of two hundr , ::~t~ r~ ~ Each composite lample 10 made up sl1a11 Hut be allowed to approximate average wor~-room 11ty, and then shall be thoroughly mixed on a amooih topped table ,; ~ temperature anll hlUnic while palling it through the ha,nd. with a gentle rubbmg action in order to break up and <it.:~~~. annpdaraarteeparlelucnlotetldl aonnde lpuomunpd..loIttI1Ih1atlhl ebne dwiveildshede-dinatcoehuarlavteellly, aqnudarptolaIc'lel,d eintc,thI e atBesnteincgeumaraYchJine. l'rL{I.., t~~~,. The greateat inenaee in usa of fibre. ha. been in the sho,rter lengthe that comprhe ction. The claumcation of ahorts ,: r. ";" ~~f '\~ approximately 50 pez" and fioatllloUow. the con, of Canadian aabutoa produ same principalll of the .haker teatl however. other factors such as I".\~;.," , bulk. grit pu'centage. V18C08ity. otc., have a boning on nomenclatu:u used. 1-- ; .~\ . 1 "';;'~., ,. Tho Group No. '1 IIhort~ or refulIe conlliPta of material tellting 0-O-5~11 and below. The noatl iire ,.6 :Lt-' . ~;~:', ~.,;., . : ':' . . .~e:rm and r"(Ullo 11 a railway freight claumcation dellsnation and dOeB not m"an "by;'produc:ta"o! illlbc!Jlltoa milling. - As the name implies. f,lc that shorts are .fibres :..... ;;;~.:~ :. . 110 !mf) and llght that they an collected by ail' nOll.tadon. They an preCipitated into .. . I \:l~)~} :.:~;:, noat e~ambe:l'I by gravity ICSttling or collected by !Utcring media. I -..J "-;\~t : "i;.'Y;tr I \: ':~:" /::.?, ',:",: . . rt-J 1~ }~~~~..:;";;:~':"':":~'--"';"'-:---"""'------ - - - - - - - - -.. -,--' ,.- ".', '~',' :'.:- . : ", ~" Shortel Md fioata havo IIhOwn a remarkable lncreau in uao for uvorall'easone: quality lmp:rovemen~1 which have developed new uaoa and improved finbhed products thus causing the aborter to .upplcment aomo' of the longer tlbro appllcatlona and the expanding markets fo~ ,relatively new 01' growing mdu.trle. such all vinyl tile. plalltic upha.lta t and 7. OCcO1ZJ5321 ~"-, . " ...', .- .. '~~~j ~1 ''')~'}:'~. " 'I", i ,1';;'0 t ' . (I.) : N; .......1, 0:: ! ~.'4: .:~ . I.... ..'.~~ .. ~. ;; .. .,.,.._.,.........-......_-_.._... Other methoda of c1anlfyins fibre. have different identUicatlonlJ depending on the type racteristiclI. In lIome callell, the " :: 3sbeato8, lendgltthloonf atll1bcrtet,erfalboerrinzuatmiobne,r.antod tohteheQrucehbaec Standard Testing Machine ber " "'}\ lIyetern,:' ""~ :1 ,~:,." '',mntooimndeeensscigaladntdatltarecdd:,egAreaeaonfecxraumdpelnee, nthoer Aoapbeenlntoene.C' Ol'pout,lon, Ltd. Includes a num . '~ ' , ' . .1 Manufaetul'en of aabcato8 )?roductl obbt-in fib!'e. from morc than one lIource h.order to ne 8our'ea ill available. Since asbestos r j e!lmina(treompodteinUteiarlenpttombilneen8usionmheetriemnet-Bwbheehnaovnelydiofferent in proceslleD, the manu!acturer~ ype fibres. This ' " hleia,bvareeastkoikneoebptadiOnelldS ,tchol'noutrgohbcoonntminaunouufsauctsuerlonfgthpreodc1~HlIe.recI:ntfoI1r btrh"ea.vI arious t .. "1:. The claBa and gra~D of iubestoa uaed in the m~Ullcture of diJUrcnt products vary; however, used for yarn, cord, braid, and . " the general trend can be textUu; lor packing and identl!ied. Long fibi'el gatlketli fpr feUed long fibre paper 01' ,ie)t8. and for filtration: and ecHurn length fibres .. asbestos.. cement gNooo. d3l ,w,4h'earnod'm5;a'xaiTmeuumseIdtraolngntihn.ht,~rtecqlnu8irfemd.u The m in asbestos- cement products; .... including asbestOB Group. paper and mlllboard; &. the bonding agent ke blocka' 1n masneaia and linings. inlulating compounds, Tho ahort !ibrco and floatll filtration are used pad. and al iillen aheet. and in paints. molded asphalt, bra putty., .p...l..a,.stor. stUcco, plastic moldingB, and othere..,', . IlU'.uy contain . ~ . lal'Be1PorUon8 of minuto rock and sand which Tbe arc Group No. ~ 11 8 not dr:trlmc:ntal and 9 to the SO flnhhod products. In Northern British Columbia. the CalUliar aabeetoe gradu Bro Identl.!ied azt follows: "t.l. ~ ~t . I .. i: .,', ';1 ,;';'.. ,I'~~ , :; J" " ~~l ,,;,~, .~. " ':'a . ~,;, . Crude NI - Ballcally ot c;rude 3/4" Itl1ple and longer .~;. AAA - Extra long tC:KUle libre :,\.~ AA - Long textile flbro A. Textile fibre , .'.!",.' . ~ 'AC- Long .hins10 llbu 'AR- Modlum long IIhingle fibre" AS Shingle, fibto . or AX- Sho'rt .bingl" fibre da do not 'ulle ,the Quebec Testing Method. ' Thei~ ,'A.butol producins'countriel l1gnations do not tally with other than the ~obec Cana ClaBll!~caUon. , l! matedal i,om ~other country l\ of relative value but c1ol .were teated on the Quebec maaccchoirndein, gthtoergerwadoeusld. ' o'CnllayabeaUpicacotlmonparia.oSbC!lto8 fibre available' . never trom an cH e xact ennt comp parte a't ef ilon the wor1~ are rwiowed. 8. -'f. ". '", ....... It-,.." I I , . I-'- ....... .-. - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,,r. ..---..-.......... -. . ' " \, : '. .~: C&al CL02 Cle03 . C&Q4 C&05 l,..Qng. crudy textile flbu "e~tlte f1bu Long Ihingle fibre Shingle lbre Short ~hln81e fibre or paper Btock } } From minel!l in the ) Shabani district of ) Southern RhodeBia ) VRA/-~ VRAl-3 "!IRAI-4 Textile fibre Long Ihinsle !ibro Shingle fibre in. ' RV TextUe 1bro HVL/3 l,..Qng IIhingle fibro .HVLJ4 ShlnBle fibre '. HVL/5 Short .hlrigle or paper Itock ) From the Mashaba } district of Southern ) Rhodesia \ , J ) From the Havelock ) Mine in Swltl!.erlana ) ) .'.> .' .. ./::~:;:!;~~?~f~ii.". ." .. >!.. - ~Maau1l.' aude 4"} .Shingle fibres , .,::' :';;::'. ~..ull Grade 5 ) . '." Fl'om the Msauli Mine near Swazilanr:i border in the Transvaal Clullifiea.tlon of RUlllian ChryfJotile '.!IEi. :- ":. 'I: . : ' ,I. :' .: ' . ': ',~' '::': ",' ,Grade" :. 10 ' Texture Mark According to U. S. S. R. Standard .January 1. 1952 Textile Hard (cJ:'udy) . LonS .kingle Hard Semi-hard 3 Shingle Ha1'd Semlwhard 50ft 4 Short 11Imgle. Hard le paper .toc:k Semi-hard son. 5 Paper Stock , Hard Semihard Soft 6 Ha'td Sernl-haJ'd Soft, Unguaranteed 7 Unguaranteed OCCQ1ZJfiSl3 J-1 J-z. p-2, .1-3 P.1-~ p.,,: M'3 J-4 P-;l 'M-4 ,T-S P-S MooS J-b p-() M-6 K .. 6 K-7 7-370 7-450 ?-520 ~ . .' " :\ 9. I '--- "'" . t "'..,...,"0 . I . ~. . .1\) {:9 i r"~--'lLt-I ! I i i  " ~ { I '\ .... ~ . ....:.-~,'-.::-:"..: ~ 8 Clallification 01 RUlllian ChrV&otU" ..'!:m!. T!xtuu Ma.-:k Ac:ording to U. S. S. R. Standard January 1, 19.52 Unguaranteed 8-750 ClanUication of AUlltralian Chryeotilt'. -Gude 4 - 2_inch fibres iUld longer Orade 3 - 1 inch to Zinch fibres Orade Z - III inch to 1 inch fibres Orade 1 .. 1/4 inch 1.0 1/2 inch fibres 1 . ~0~- ~ c .~~ li.;y!:: mt I , ... '\ i ClauUicati<>n of Ahican Amosite Group 1 D3 Group 2 DIl DX O:rQUP 3 MD M W3 10 Group '" 52 SK SW Group S QW OK' Produced from hand. scle cted long nbre at Peng c Mine only . %.Qng - oVU' 311 in lenglh P:todueed at Penge' from run- of.-mine fibre alter longe.et hall bl!en ba.nc1-aelected. MinUII 3" plu~ 3/4'T, Aa above but graded by color. Generally minulI Z-1/2" pIu. 5/8" From Penga mine From Penge mine - somewhat shorter From Waltevreden Mine Fl'om KrctnoUenboog Mine Genoully minus l/ZII. From Penge .Mine FTom KremeUenboog Mine F%om Weltevreden Mine ~J2_!!r@Y minulI 1/ZIt From WClit~~eden'.Mine From KromeUenboog Mine In addition to the a.bove gradell there are several from the Fletenburg Field, of which WEO Irom the MaUpedri,!t a:rea iI probably the most uniformly prepared, The latter ill .!mUal' in length to Group 3. The other grade. liated ainrgteh~et fporroedglOlcicnsgr.groT\hlpein'Cgl'aereen pJrIobdeuscsehdowinnthaerePneontgeneacr:eeaaa,aroUf ywheixcahct, the but Amo Mine le the have been included l in order to give .ome indication of the relative lengths of !ibree of the dlluent gradelll:- la. .tF-. t ..1.;. -..it, ' ... 11111-1- - - - - -- .... ---.-- --..- --.- -- .. ~---~---..~..--- ... ....... .... - . ._'  CIlPC Blue (Crocidolitll) 01 the foregoing t E ~ plul 2~ 1/4 mchea D - piu. 1-3/' '2.-1/4" C - plulI 1-1/4 - 1-314" No. 1 0: 13 - piu. 3/411 - 1-1/.4" No. Z 01' A Md Ra '.. plus 1/2." .. 3/411. . No. 3 01' S MS and R3" plul 1/4" - l/zi, ' x, SSO, H and ss - VadoulI IJhol'~cr gradflll the longer gradoD dcnm to No. 2 OJ' A.a:e mOltly band-cobbed. TrlUlBVaal Blue (CroclcloUte) TX .. Piu. 1-l/211 , '1'1 .. '" 7/811 - 1-1/2.11 TZ" '11 1/2"" 7/811 '1'3 - 1/411 .. 1/2" 1'Long" .. MLS and NC300 about 1/4 to 3/B" '1'4 - and Illlho!tsll mOltly minu8 1/4n Moat of the above num'bIIO_Sh'oDrth"avfoerftahlleenbuilnktoofditDhUoIITOr.anTBhVoaap!:'p0:8reondtupctrlaocnt.ic,eThlaerteo irllefneor largely to "long" and :recognition amoni the major procluceu th&t greater atandardization irI deairable" Au.tl'&Uan Bluo Ondn . No. 1 Lons fib:rc - 1 in, and ove'I" No. 2- Plul 3/8 to 1 in. i. No. 3 . Minui 5/8 in. < .' 11. i!1'i2'e11~~ I ~~ ~ =I ~ ' ~~ '. .i....... - j:icO:~' L~,j .t:' ..', , "l.~':O' .;, ,.r..'U.):;; ;, l\J.:1 , .-,: d:'C:)l '~::'''':' ! \ I F .' '-';', \-.- ! -.J Cri -"~_"""",,,,,-,,,J.II~_I"""''''''- . - ., '1 or 'iI~!~~~~:~C'0Qi~~~,i' alccltoe ~=lUi Mining_ Milling and Pr,oceising ~ The method oC mining, mUling and procelllling ol aflbeatos depends risU'cs such on as the type asbestoe a lIoit venus being hAncUed Aa well barlyl aio~'t.ilacptoJcb1efricapcchoyuBnictaalfcohrAar.papctrco:dma.tely 95% 01 all the ilsbelltOll ha.rsh ,used. I1ber. Since C th:io dflcuuion will pertain to CanacUan chryaotUe. , Orlglnl1lly, whsn the mineD were ope~ed; the mining operation involved predominately thirty yens th~ mining operations have i bmeacnoumaellhaibgohrlyinmoepchean.npiHzeodpwerUahUothnea.usIenotfhecrpaanset;s, cable hoists, etc. '--- Hand cobbJng h the oldut method used in mining aabcstoll. This particular method b still volves releaSing !iber from the to obta~n the long aabe.toa .lbera. The operation in ha.mmer~ng away tho ;rock froM the ends of fibera. Flbua identified ~ uled rC)I;k by means of as cl'udes and '2 aJ'e hand cobbed. These type fibera are not processed through g op~rl).ti.on of the ahorter' ibers. the lltandaa-d crushing urtUa during the mUlln . The content o( tlbor in the rock mine rangesonbleytw3%eeonf3r'1a0 wto a1s0b10e0stoWs.orkVaabrlleabmlienaealIuacrheas " considered profitable when the recDvery le avaJlab111ty of labol', tl'anlpOl'tation f.cUltiell and size of deposit determine whether a low cons!do1'ed to recover asboltol content mine will be pxoo!itable. In Canada rich areas a.re approximately 5fo to lZ%. The a.bestes, as obtained from the mine!! by blasting and quarrying, is of hand:"picked asbestos Bold either as in it's natural "Crude" or "Milled", fiberlzed condItion. Crude asbestos CODsistB The Crude generally contains 5 to 15'70 rock, dust or ahort f1ber un which hat to be removed by the manu!acNrer in their own plant. uT8heedMbyilltehde a:m.binuet8otao ipsrmoac.edne utpheomf tJhleledabOfilb'tDer1a' i1n1:1o81r'd1.erDtollile'!rlleenatllpc rrooccoknae.nad o15rbIelry!:sz.tcems are bundle.. at ftbeu. Asbeetoll flber la found in rock deposite classified all croaa-!iber. al1p-ibcl' and musin which the iber runs at relatively f l ber. sht a Al ng lbc lu atoa U to ,the IIUally ,W!f.US , o o c f c t ur he s r a a ll c c k. r , ou-f The iber flbClr length rarely exceeds Z t, .l inches. bend occurs d g flbcr i.o'r chryaotUe ill 3/4". In Some caseD P. weak f!ber at the point of bending. The Average lon in the flber wbich re.ultll in a -..J In .lip-nbel'lt. the lbers He in the direction plLrallel to the seam or cra.ck in th~ rock. It Is considered unsuitable Generally. thi8 type f1ber is weaker than the crou-lber: t for spinn1Dg. I -..1 In the rnau!lber claBII:UlcaUon. there h a complete abaence of !l-ny orientation of fiber. 01 formation gener~ly OCCUl'I with The alba.tol 18 dlDtrllNted at random. Thl. type adct1ol1 of al bea tOil. The !lban tend to be 110ft. the ampbibole v I 12.. !/" i I J ,... 11..... 4 ' .. .~". f L'>II\'... . or When large eroufiber veW., QCcuJ' it ie rela.tively simple 11 for a. miner to hand eobo in order sometimes dried over steam tcoololba tIaninocrdruedretofisbiemnp.lilyTbe.),tltol'nagctifoibneorf atdhhoefriibnegr tforormockthe rock. MOlt of the Iibor vobis a.re too narrow to be separated ine profitably by hand. whel'eby mechanical The rock means c:on taining a.~btlltOI la sent to a mill located near the m separation la accompli.hed. The proportion of long nbar or crude asbestos extracted from the rock is approximately toll consists of medium and B to 1s0h1o0 rotf.fitbh.e,rass. beMstaorskweth, iicnh ilnadruesmtroyveexdi.st Tfohte arlelmlean.igntihnag aoaf bfiuber. It. is difficult to ascertain the true value of a mine by only spot checking. The width of an pl~ture of the length of" fiber wMc;h it cuobncteations.. veTino aotbataninyorneleiapbolientvdaloueessniottIp.~nove1cdaenaa. rtyruteo remove' or b1aot the rock from many difCarent locaUons. The min!ns expllrta Judge the various types and Bra.dn of II.sbcotoa a~conUng to length and en Jnto con-llideration since various type lIoltnclIII of m~eJ'. Othn properties are alao tak llcltUono are desired for the spe~Hlc end products involving hbricll, brake I!.lIbelltol cO !irrlngll, packingll, asbestol-cement,. and. others. 51nee most of the asbeltol nUnoll are located in mountaineous or rough terrain, an important &vdlab1l1ty Ellld tranBporta.tion COB to eone!deratlon in detvheelocpUi8ntgoma emr.ineAinllotthoedremtearjmorinceotnhdederaUon ia to lIet up proper oper~tion8 per hour of the e.,bostOI to &.ullng of large quanUtl~1I of l'ock. Many albestoa mines handle necena.ry ainee the yield' of the tODS average ionfvmolav.itnegrimathl:a\enreh ocaren. beTlhellallhtihgahnto5'n1n a' gMe irnaitneg irsequirements arc such that the shor't a.sbestoa aaboato. !IbtiI'Il ~~nd fo become the malt profitable produch. Two meUlad. of snin1ng exl.t. Tho open pit mines is the more deD!rable method. ove surface Matter. Aiter To open removal a quarry open-pit nUne, rd it il firllt necenary to bIlLlting tochniquu al'e rem ulled to loonn the Babest;." containing of .a~~[a.ce matter rockl. --... ,tanda . '.. . Underground mine. are used. Various metbodll of tmmeling are used. Open~p1t opera,tion. are porformed by methoda luch all side hill cut, overhead cablewaya. generally identified. by the physical benching, multiple benching, and otbcn:. wh!ch are hilllldo expOSUl'e. milling the ore la a. simple and cbea.p op~ra. spiral method ol mining. With & tion. It SI mined ht'torrace. cut out ,rom the rock and in cavog. Thlll type of operation 111 found princ!pally in the rich a.buto. depodtll The overhelLd cable operation is used in wide and deep pit minu. Carriagea which remOVe on.noeted to track cables which are he or. 0111'0 (:onnected to boiets. e open~p1ts. It In turn, they are c ill reported that the largest commercial caple way system ines, t installed. over ever installed th was at the King MinD of the Aab~II~! ..p~!'poration. oceO 1~J;.::1~7 Ltd. I at Thetford M Quebec. . 13 . I. ~ .... ~.... . .... .... _ - - . - . -..J ,--,,.-J ... . Spiral and multiple benching 11largeelatet(e:}dutuoquthee. mInortehecoinn~celnintieodnlclalbolepeonpepriat tmioent.hothde~fdloeonred as inclined cable Qr truck hau of the mine ia inclined to the surface. When cable. are ulI'ed. the inclined angle is appl'o:Ki- mately ZO degrees. FoX' uuck opohreatpioitndso, vtehleopasnginletoiathaepfporromximofataellyar1g5e dbeogwrle.esTohre Imouul.tiple In the spin.l benching cporatlon, t benching tcchnJque J. uaed where wpil'al benChing is not feasible. Cienerally, barren rock wrmation. ,are loca.ted in theirlaalrgoepearsab.toiosnto. l1d0etphoastidt iofrfe&re1In:'teaI..IpiTnhlebbenacrhreinngroopcnk&fotiromnastion dOBS nut occur In pcrmJt conUnual ap the tine a1:ea. Thb type of operation is referred to as multiple benching. Underground rninlng operations occur and genel'ally tie in with open pit operations. Different technique. a.Te used. In most eaBe., mine. are developed where asbestos occurs on the surface of the ground. New methods of fincUng aebollws depollito' arc bolng developed in order'to find asbestos orc not expoll cd tQ the lura.ce. .t, In minmg operations wood iD not usod becausc contamination would be detrimental to the manu!a.obums plMb. i....._--- .. o , G/ :0' :! .'j, ~. t:: ,1 i,, ~ , ;." ".4ft '~; ';'-t.. ,rI,' ...~ -'t' .,'~l1" : I 'i:~ Milling ~8beatoB - Aitel' the ..belto. 01'0 S. minreodc,k.theCmruastheirnigalagnodeslctrhele'onuignhg roeppeertaiUtiovnellcroucschuirn.g oTpheelrSaetions to lep&rato Ule asbestol ud opel"ationl are refel'rod to al tlm~iJlgJl. Special mill equipment ill rCf1uJred for these operations. The methods \dod in the vadoul minu an basieally the 83me but generally difien in zoesarcl to dze which dependl on mina capacity and type of iibel.'. In mill1ng the two ma.jor objeocatsibveesstoasre!itboeere.p' aTrhaetovaalsubeesotfolsufbreosmtoltlhfeibreorc~deapnedn,pdsremveanint ly nduction in the on !ber length. length of th The objective of preventing roductlDn in lellgth is vital. Extraction of the libel' from the roclt requires repeUtivo crU"bmg of the ore. After each crullh!ng operation. freo !tber is removed by ah~luctlon In 'order tr:" Iucceufully remoevsedIofp,aobncnUtonlgl, otnhewmella.tthCel rricaolndmituiodnsbeanddrys.easTDhne omfitnheedyaesabre.stos contains moistur~ which vari The mo1atu:re le I'cmovec1 by mC1Ln1l of mechanical drlera. The dry fibel' ClUl then ea.sily be I'omoved by air-suction. Tho primary t:J'uaher, usu&1ly of the Jaw type, haa the capacity to handle roeklf up to 48" In elllo, welShing up to a ton or more, and crulhing theIQ to approximately' 511 to 6" in width. Crushed rock it cal'J:'led to trTamhemtJe'lom'Cmrecel n.c..rooTnh.uocnleycrpfeicrnmaitatrheelarerlgiLeUrveevloylvsimngalcl yrloicnkdsere with V&rtoUI lize openinga. of a.pproximately 5" to 6" width to continue through to tho lIIIeondary stage oC crushmg. TMa type crullhn b generally a gyntory 01" cone type crusher. 14. -.. o.cC~ 0...1...Z..,J....5....3Z"B'-""....................... . r--~' , ..-.--J 1i:I -~- J i, , (1 f .; Cruihad rock ill dded in tower or rotary drierll which vary in tempe.ature from ZOOoF. o ' to 1.000 F. . A!ter the drying operation the rocko which l'-.nst'l in ,I&e .fJrom 2" to 311 are fed into a third crushing unit which i. either of the gyratory type or cone typo. The crushed ore and !1ber are fed to heavy uhakCI' 01' bumper IIcrcmill which are operlloted by mO~1I Q ec::cenkic drives. Powodul "lr o~ct1on hoodl/ remove libel'. Tho rock paJl8ea over the end ot the IIcrcens. The. undersize ,materials pa.u through the screen lU1d ill fed to a Iiberber fol' further treatment. are Adclltional llhak1nS screen' are used to Duplex ahaldns ,creena uaed. The separate fibers into long, long fibera remain on the medium and short top of the screen. categories.' The medium flbel'8 in the lower screen and the ahort fiber pAsaeu through both ecreenB. i..... _ - - - The rock which was paued over the end of the heavy ahakJng screens continuclI to other crushers. The cycle Ja repeated whereby the crushed rock panes over shaking IIcreena and in turn libel' le removed by air-auction. Alter the .fourth crullhing cycle, the remaining rock is further separated by me~s 01 Hberbera. 'Ihe fibeduu break the rocks by meanll of impAct or direct blow ol high IIpeed hiUlUllCJ"a. The c:rWlhed .tono III Again led throush the shaking aCJ'cen in order to remove Additional libel'. " The mlllmg operation., are continuous. Alter the crushing and auction opera.tion",, the .lIbesto. b cleanlld, graded and put jn bagll for ahlpment. During the operation fiber CDUectors which are conical .yUnder. perform the fll'llt atep in the clcllll!ng opc)."at:1on. Currents 01 aJr c~rry the iiberll into delligllAted areas where ac!tUtional cleaning can occur over .croens. The procclD c! .aparatins aabOlltoB .from rock during the miUifig opeJ'tl.Uon takes into ,. account th~ speeiftc gravity dillel'once of the two materials. After the fluffIng or fibcr1zing operationl, the dry ~.beato. can be taken ..,way from the roc:k by mllan& of air curronb. "\, '" A method whJch it not senerally ueed involve! the wet-milling opera.tion. In thtl wet- milling operation therfibol'ized ub'oatoll will float all water. I ,t ,": Gra.dlng of a.beeto. fiber 1. conducted in apecial d08igned graders. Long rotary wire screen. of var10uD .lce moah are undo 'Ihe Bbe mOllh determines the length of fiber. . . -'~:i'. r -....... In general. the sradocl fibu i .tored 1n burlap or Jute bagl of 100 lbe. The fibe1'8 are compre8lled In o~der to reduce bulk. 15. occo ,\2359OZ9 , .---..,J I I ! , .. ' .~1"- t ,'~ , , ]!ealth and Sale!):: Factors - . With the development of the aabeatoa industry. contamination of the ail' with small asbestOI libel' particlu produced hygienic problems. Hygienic meaeurea were not well advanced when the ffr.t mining oper.ation. were developed. Since the dry proceuing m c1hod is i used In mining and milling a.beataa, emall fibor particles arc picked up by air cu1'1'enta aE and db trlbuted throughout the manu!act\U'lng plante and in the neigllborhooda. The aa~tultoa particle. or clu.~ w~ch developed could become ha7!'m!tl1 to tho peoplo who ,were constantly 'a expo. od to It. A'bO.~.l~ 1. 1,0,,1.1 type of !liUeost. but doo. not occur nearly as often. Appl'oxhnately 10 yeat's is nqu,t:rod for &perao):! to develop &abettods if he ia constantly exw (fI"-:;------..;;._ posed to the duat. However, a!nce protective meaaure. are provided 'by the different plan~. t. ~J manUac:tudng It it extremely rare ,that a penon developo asbestosis. ~i~ ~~ a~ m~ ::;i'=l lii In fiI hi ~~ ':;i ~ m:2 ~ _LM__ S Chemical analydll can be made of dWlt in order to deteJ.'mina ccmeentration of asbestos dUl'lt particle.. lnforma.t:l.on is available Aa to w.hat the maximum concentJ:ation of dUat .howd be to eliminate any problems. Various .Afety moa8urca arc available such aa 'well vontili\ted arc&lI, _pocia.l Jlla,k., and water apl'inklOl' sY8toma'. :P1'opel' filteration technlquu are a.valla.ble which will collect duat particles. WUh pl'qpnprocaution., thol'e I, nO prob)em. Periodic medioal examinationo of workmen ne pretormed in order to keep con.tant check on their hoalth. Apparatus used in connection with the albntal indulltry should be aoaled oH. agatnet outsil.1o air _all much as po_dbl, ~da~ould work wJth .. d:r",n under nosa.t1ve-pnnure. '.rhe l'aS(l"se of the .dust lnto ~\fhl~ ~OQ,h lb,. ,l:ellpir&U!1:)" ay.tern la elMS.tou.. n la irnporta:nt that prOpel' pro- cauUon. \lo 1ak4m by III compa.nJea which han41e asbestoa. ./, ~1 i 0' l...v ' , .' i"'O ! : (J.)' 1\), ,110 .-I,,' ,: r__ f . -,:. I " , '" . .... ..;. 16. OCCO:12359JO ._ ..... owo--.. .. _----"~ ..". _ ... _ ....~.................. _ ............ _..... , ... ~ .... .--.,J- -- . .