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AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING M^^TTMTIMTIN6 ENGINEERSGHDJ923^s
TABLE 79. CUBIC FEET OF AIR HANDLED PER MINUTE THROUGH AVERAGE COLLECTING HOODS
Based on Coefficient of Orifice op 0-71 with 10 Per Cent Added for Leakage
Diam. OF
CONNECTION Pipe In.
1
Maintained Suction--In. Water Gage
l'A 2 2K 3
4
5
IA 2
2'A 3
3A 4
4A 5 6 7 8 9 10
38
68 107 153
209 273 345
427 614 835 1092 1381 1705
47
84 131
188 256 334
423 523 751
1023 1337 1694 2090
54
97
161 217
296 386 488 605 867
1181 1546 1953 2409
61
108
168 243
330 431 546 676 970 1322 1727 2184
2695
67
118 185
266 362 473
598 741 1062
1448 1892 2387 2959
76
136 214
306
418 546 690 854 1228 1670 2184 2762
3410
86
153
238 343
466 609 775 955 1373 1870 2440
3091 3806
Similarly the discharge pipe leading from the fan outlet to collector is frequently made the-same diameter as the large end of the main suction pipe. The reason for this increase in size is that a considerable power saving results from the lower air velocity. However, there is no technical reason why mains should be a certain percentage greater area than the sum of the connections, and still lower power consumption can be ob tained by using larger branches and mains of equal area. While the rule of thumb method of determining size of mains works very well in many cases, yet it is always desirable to figure the mains and branches of the proper size to give the velocity which has been found best suited to the work to be done.
In certain special cases where explosive or poisonous dusts such as aluminum buffings, grain dust, powdered sugar, or lead dust are handled, increasing the size of the mains unduly would introduce a serious hazard.
An exhaust system to be effective must remove a certain amount of air from each hood or other connection, and in addition must maintain sufficient velocity throughout the piping system to convey the dust or refuse material to the separator. Any system which is mechanically well constructed and handles the requisite air at the connections and maintains sufficiently high velocities, is an effective system from the standpoint of the work done. However, to keep the operating cost low it is advantageous to do the work with as low velocities as the character istics of the material will permit. The skilled designer will keep both of these requirements in mind and produce a system which is both effective and economical of power.
The maintained resistance of the exhaust system is composed of three factors: (1) Loss through the hoods; (2) Collector drop; and (3) Fric tion drop in the pipes-.
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AMERICAN SOCIETYOF HEATING &
VENTILATING ENGINEERS GDIDE,1923
TABLE SO. FRICTiONAL RESISTANCE OF STRAIGHT CONVEYOR PIPE To Flow of Air Per 100 Feet of Pipe
Vel. of Air in Feet per Min
2000 2200 2400 2600 >800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4800 5200 5600 6000
1.92
2.32 2.77
3.26 3.76 4.33 4.93 5.56
6.23 6.95 7.69
8.48 9.26 11.05 13.00
15.25 17.30
Loss of. Pressure in Inches for Given Diameter Pipe
1.53 1.85 2.22 2.60 3.01 3.46 3.94
4.45
4.98 5.55 6:15
6.78 7.41
8.85 10.50
12.05 13.85
6"
1.28 1.55 1.84 2.17 2.52 2.88 3.28 3.71 4.15 4.62 5.13 5.65 6.18 7.38 8.66 10.05 11.52
1.09 1.32
1.58 1.86 2.15 2.47 2.82
3.18
3.56 3.97
4.40
4.85 5.30 6.32
7.44 8.61 9.89
8"
.962 1.16 1.39 1.63 1.89 2.08 2.47 2.78 3.12 3.48 3.85 4.25 4.63 5.55 6.50 7.55 8.66
10"
.770 .932
1.01 1.30 1.51 1.73 1.97 2.22 2.49 2.78 3.08 3.49 3.71 4.43 5.21 6.03 6.92
12"
.640 .778 .924 1.08 1.26 1.44 1.64 1.85 2.08 2.32 2.57 2.83 3.09 3.69 4.34 5.05 5.76
2000 2200 2400 2600
2800 3000 3200 3400
3600 3800
4000 4200 4400 4800 5200 5600 6000
14"
.550 .655 .790 .930 1.07 1.24 1.41 1.59 1.78 1.99 2.20 2.43 2.66 3.17 3.72 4.32 4.95
16" .
.482 .582 .693 .810 .932 1.08 1.23 1.43 1.56 1.74 1.92 2.12 2.33 2.77. 3.25 3.78 4.33
18"
.428 .578 .617 .722 .838 .961 1.09 1.24 1.38 1.54 1.71 1.88 2.06 2.46 2.89 3.35 3.85
20"
.385 .465 ..553 .650 .754 .865 .985 1.11 1.25 1.39 1.54 1.70 1.85 2.22 . 2.61 3.02 3.46
22"
.350 .423 .504 .590 .685 .788 .895 1.01 1.13 1.26 1.40 1.54 1.68 2.02 2.36 2.74 3.14
24"
.320 .388 .462 .542 .628 .722 .820 .925 1.04 1.16 1.28. 1.42 1.54 1.85 2.16 2.52 2.89
30"
.257 .310 .369 .434 .503 .577 .657 .742 .832 .926 1.03 1.13 1.24 1.48 1.75 2.01 2.31
FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF ELBOWS
Ipbows having a radius equal to the pipe diameter set up a resistance equivalent to a section of straight pipe approximately 10 diameters long. With a radius of times the diameter the resistance is about the same as seven diameters of straight pipe.
A. Suction- at the various hoods must be chosen from experience. Loss through the hoods can be calculated by an experienced engineer but may be taken very roughly at one-half the suction.
5. Collector drop in inches of water is given by the following formula:
Drop C
2
where C = a constant which depends upon the type of collector and is found to range from 0.25 to 0.75;
V -- velocity in feet per minute of air entering the collector.
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