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EOLUME 26 TRANSACTIONS is the list: No. ........ I 2 ......... 3 .............. 4 .............. 5 ............. 6 ............. 7 ............. 8 ............. 9 ............. 10 II Current Safety Topics in the PULP AND PAPER W :f!Ii :`li . .............. 14 ............. 15 ..".......... 16 INDUSTRY '3 t * ............. 18 ............. 19 ............. 20 ............. 21 ............. 22 ............. 23 ............... 24 ............. 25 ............. 26 ............. 27 ............. 28 ... .. 29 }. 30 ........ 31 ............... 32 ............. 33 ............ 34 is presented in sessions of the Pulp and Paper Section it die 40th National Safety Congress Management and Safety.................................................................... 5 Award of Edward Benton Fritz Trophy......................... ............... 6 Rehabilitation by Workmen's Compensation......... ....................... 8 sis mmi MEMBERS WO or more Each _ _ $0.17 23 2S .58 99 copies), land 31. Sulphite Pulp Manufacturing (Round Table Discussion)............... I i 13 15 16 19 21 ;'|j - 1 r'& i O 11. ILL. 230035302 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 North Mkhtgan Avenue . Chicago 11, III. PLAINTIFFS I PLAINTIFF s EXHIBIT I EXHIBIT Ifecv rffifvtacw&eA. 4 0 0 If safety is to keep pace with today's rapidly advancing technology, we most continually have "new approaches." Each year, at the National Safety Congress, the ideas and experiences of many of the nation's top safety men are presented in the various sessions. Hatty of these ideas, devices and methods, first presented at a Congress session, later become generally accepted within their fields. In order to present this information conveniently and at small cost, the Congress Transactions are published in volumes, one for each Section or Division, along with a General Sessions and Detailed Index to all volumes. The 34 volumes of the 1952 Congress Trans actions are listed on the last page of tins volume. Safety directors everywhere have'found the Congress Transactions a useful aid in their accident prevention programs. In industry, for example, their judicious distnL. Jon to key personnel in management and supervision has proved to be of invaluable service. In preparing these Transactions, the proceedings of the Congress have been condensed and edited for reference purposes. Complete original manuscripts, with any charts or illustrations which were used, are available in National Safety Council files. Views expressed at the Congress or in this record are those of the Congress participants and are not necessarily those of the National Safety Council. THE PILE AH PAPER SECTION Tins volume is a record of the sessions held at the 1952 National Safety Congress by the Pulp and Paper Section. The conduct of these Congress sessions each year is only one of the many coopera tive activities which the Pulp and Paper Section carries on in behalf of its members, and for the benefit of accident prevention work in the pulp and paper industry generally. The Section gives guidance in the preparation of a great variety of technical and educational material useful in the day-to-day safety programs of pulp and paper plants. The activities of the Section are under the direction of its Executive Committee, the members of which are listed at the dose of this volume. 5 Management and Safety By G. W. E. NICHOLSON Vice Pees, in Charge of Manufacture, Union Bag and Paper Corp,, New York City The industrial accident situation daily pre sents a social as well as an economic problem . of greatest importance. It has become a duty for everybody concerned to see that every ment in the form of records, statistics, analysis of cases, slogans, contests, posters, bulletin boards, displays, improvement of equipment, elimination of hazards, the avail industrial plant 'becomes a safer place to ability of various protective material, such work in, in the same manner as time and as safety shoes, safety goggles, eye-glasses, effort are given to improvement of produc shields, etc. tion and quality of the finished product A good safety record is a goal that the manage ment of eVery industrial organization must strive for. Such a record is an expression of competent and enlightened management of., times. *. There has been great progress made in the development and usage of films and visual material, helping the safety department to develop and illustrate knowledge of accidents as to how they happen, as well as the means of prevention. The effort to bring this about is very Enough emphasis cannot be matte in re clqsaly interwoven with the various methods gard to the importance of a thorough in required to achieve a wholesome and sincere vestigation and analysts of all accidents in relationship between management and work order to discover all the facts leading up to ers. On dm basic principle of mutual and canring the accidents. By intelligent confidence and respect, safety and safe work analysis and careful searching, a competent ing conditions become a cooperative endeavor and experienced safety director can, in most by management and workers. Great progress cases, discover some leads which can be help has been made, particularly during die last ful in avoiding repetition of any specific type few years, but we still have a long way to of accident. go. Safety education must be carried out The re-enacting of accidents with the use continuously without any let-down. Most of ns have experienced encouragement as well of photography can be of very great help, particularly if such slides are used in the as great disappointment over the years. It is regular safety training program. Besides the an uphill fight, at least until die level has- regular laid down safety program in form ) been readied when everybody has acquired safe working habits. of meetings and various discussions, special safety campaigns with unusual and special Top management must actively participate striking aspects should be put on from time in tiie formation of a safety program and it to tune and it should be made certain that must give encouragement as well.as active backing and special attention is given by the help in order to create enthusiasm, especially whole plant personnel in order to focus so when the going is at its worst special attention on safety. A wril organized safety department is today considered a necessity in every indus trial plant of any size. The facilities have been greatly improved upon and die work carried on by such a staff is being continually extended into new territories. A great deal of know-how has been developed daring re cent years and made available through the National Safety Council, as well as by the various industrial safety organizations, which has been very befpfol in building up the efficiency of the overall work carried out by the various safety staffs. Among the various monthly reports sent out by. the safety director, it has been found to be very helpful to the safety program to send one report to every supervisor giving a brief description of everylost time case accident during the previous month,, stating the name of the foreman of the departments .involved. The first aid hospitals have provided im proved facilities, both in regard to equipment required as well as the medical know-how, and, in many instances, facilities have been made available in the form of giving 'pre This applies' particularly to organizational ventive as well as corrective medical care set-up and the tools used lqr such a depart with direct bearing upon greater safety. Un- > 6 Pulp and Paper Industry doubtedly, further improvements in the methods used by the average modern safety department will be developed in the years to come. As a vast majority of industrial accidents, as shown by statistics, are caused by man* failure; it becomes evident that the problem of bringing about a good safety record de pends mainly upon keen and alert leadership and supervision and this is where we recog nize the great need of capable and competent foremen who will understand and realize the need of safe working habits. For that rea son, I believe that we can accomplish the most by giving time, expense and ingenuity to a greater extern than we have done in the past to training of men. There are two steps in training, one of the supervisors and the other of die workers. The supervisor safety-training is an im portant part of the overall foreman training which is so much needed today. A training program must be organized in such a manner that it maintains the supervisor's interest He must become interested because be real izes that it will help him in his work and also better qualify him for promotion. A good foreman is always very dose to the men working for him. He knows a great deal about die men's families and their prob lems. He gives encouragement to die indi vidual worker and makes him fed that be can always come to him for advice. He will give special attention to the new employee in pointing out the safe way of performing, mid hi keeping Mm under con stant watch until he is positively assured that the new worker is performing Ms duties in an efficient and safe manner. Tt is only through dose supervision and continuous carefulness by die employee that a "no acci dent" record can be obtained. A competent foreman will secure cooper ation of Ms men more quickly by giving each man a definite responsibility rather than by presenting the safety problem entirely in . the form of instruction and orders. All employees should take an active part in accident prevention work and must fed that the 'success of the accident program depends upon their individual efforts. The foreman's sincerity in performing his part in the safety program will be reflected in the cooperation he receives from the workers. There are plenty of good foremen in American industry and those are the men we must depend upon to train other men to observe safe working habits. It is ouly through intelligent and humane continuous supervision that we can accomplish and bring about a good safety record. Chance-taking, hazardous short cuts, unnecessary baste; and other unsafe practices are opening wedges for accidents that a competent and welltrained foreman can correct Orderly work ing habits, good housekeeping, constant watchfulness for laxity, together with care ful and thorough inspection by die foreman will bring out in the early stages, the under lying causes leading to accidents. The primary responsibility of safety must be assumed by the line organization, even in plants with a highly developed safety staff, as it is a function of the supervisor's responsibility in the same manner as they ary responsible for quality and quantity of the finished output The success or failure of any safety pro gram in any plant depends upon two key figures--the plant manager and tbe fore man. And their main incentive must stem from the human desire to reduce suffering and to help their fellow employees. Award of Edward Benton Fritz Trophy By A. SCOTT DOWD Pres* Fritz Publications. Inc., Chicago The first sectional contest of the Palp & Paper Section of the National Safety Coun cil was held in 1925, with an enrolhnent of 41 pulp and paper mill participants. Since then, die number of participants lias in creased steadily--with slight recessions in 1933 through 1935. In 1951 there were 421 contestants consisting of 274 palp and paper mills and 150 converting plants, the latter mrhnfing a number of roofing paper mills and insulating and building board nulls. Tbe total exposure reported for all contest- Award of Edward Benton Frits Trophy 7 xure cooperf giving each \an by i 4. My In orders. All five port In mst feel that 7am depends be foreman's in the safety s cooperation foremen In themen we ther men to It is only e continuous isb and bring bance-taldng. ry haste; and ning wedges it and wfflrderiy worfcig, constant t until carethe foreman s. the tmders. safety most ization, even loped safety supervisor's ner as they qo-^'tity of ' salety pro ton two fay d die fort must stem re were, 424 ip and paper s, die latter paper mills ward tolls. - all contest- ants in 1951 was 475,736,000 manhours--an increase of six per cent over that of the previous year. The overall cumulative frequency rate * six years ago was 19-24. Last year, the rate was 9J53, or 17 per cent below the national average of 11-80 for all companies in the paper industry that reported their experience to the National Safety Council in 1950. Fifty-three per cent of the total enrollment in 1951 had frequency rates below 10. Thirty-two units, consisting of 12 mills and 20 converting plants completed the 1951 Contest with perfect scores. There were 124 plants aside from group winners in the 1951 Contest, that had fre quency scores below their group averages and also reductions by comparison with their rates in the previous year. In the current 1952 Contest there are 458 contestants consisting of 289 pulp and paper null units and 169 converting plants. In addition, there are 4 participants whose exposures are below the minimum require ment. The overall cumulative frequencyrate as of August 31 was 934. a cumulative reduction of 5 per cent in the rates of iden tical contestants in the corresponding period of 1951. Identical paper and pulp mill re ductions were 4 per cent with the highest reduction in mills employing between 250 and 500 people. Paper bag plants scored the highest reduction in the converting group. The Grand Prize Selecting a winner of the Grand Prize for the best safety achievement among the 274 taper and palp mil! contestants, 12 of which had perfect scores, was a big task for the five judges. The winner of this Grand Prize in the 1951 Contest is the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, Williamsburg. Pennsyl vania, a completely self-contained sulpha* llp and paper mill having a drily rate.; capacity of 75 tons of pulp and 80 tons of paper- This mill won the same award for their accomplishment in 1950. It has the unique distinction of winning it for two successive years of outstanding achievement Between January 1, 1951 and December 31, 1951 an average of 484 employees worked 994,163 manhours without a lost time accident, to complete the contest year with an accident frequency- rate of zero. This gave the mill a perfect record of more than three years. As of December 31, 1951 it had worked a total of 3,081,526 manhours since the last reportable injury on December 6, 1948. For this achievement the Williamsburg mill of West Virginia Pulp and Paper com pany was given the "Award of Honor" by the National Safety Council, in accordance with the plan officially adopted by the Indus trial Conference through its statistics and contest committee, and approved by the Council's board of directors through its committee on contests and awards. One encouraging and interesting aspect of the results at Williamsburg in 1951, was 'he steady rise of efficiency ratings in both the pulp and paper mills which accompanied the continuing success of the safety pro gram. The efficiency rating of the pulp mill in 1951 was 92183 per cent, compared to 89.93 per cent in 1<60 and 782 per cent in 1949, while the efficiency- ratingof the paper mill rose three points in 1951 to 99.7 per cent, compared to 967 per cent in 1950 and 91.9 per cent in 1919. Another perfect record augmented in 1951, was that of the United States Gypsum company plant at Oakmont Pennsylvania. It fas won Honorable Mention for two successive years. The mill manufactures kraft paper and converts it into multi-wall plaster and lime bags. Its operation employs 180 people of which 40 per cent are female In the 38 mouths preceding the dosing date of the 1951 Contest, U.- S. Gypsum employ ees at Oakmont established a record of 1,121351 manhours without a reportable injury. Safety is a law at Oakmont--just as it is in all other U. S. G. plants. Another long no-accident record during 1951 was made by the Kimberly, Wisconsin mill of Kimberly-Clark Corporation. This mill operated 330 consecutive calendar days, from January 29 to December 26, for a total of 2,964,923 manhours without a lost time accident It established a new Kim-' berly-Clark record which was formerly held by the Niagara, Wisconsin mill at 1,864,027 manhours. The latter mill won The Paper Industry Major Award fof its perfect score in the 1929 paper industry annual safety contest A significant factor in Kimberly's acddent prevention program, which also em braces the off-duty program, is the decr&se in.the number of off-duty lost time accidents. In 1949, there were 143 cases involving 1,371 8 Pulp and Paper Industry days lost time. In 1951, there were but 75 cases involving 957 days lost time. The Kimberly null, with a recent average of approximately 1,500 employees, manu factures pulp and book papers and paper specialties in a complete operation from logs to finished product! The pulp mill (112 employees) which includes an add plant, wet machine room, digester room with chip bins, groundwood and bleachery, on April 19, 1952, readied a total of 2,000 days or 1,500,000 manhour^ of operation without a lost time acddent Safety operation came into being as a part of mill operation with the enactment of the Wisconsin Workman's Compensation Act in 1911. Although it was not until 1910 that, a full time safety man was placed on the mill payroll, some fine accomplishments had been made as early as July, 1923, when the mill operated 110 consecutive days without a lost time accident, and it was at that time die Kimberly null was declared the "World's Safest Paper Mill." There are many other plants in this safety contest that made notable achievements. They have reduced frequency rates by large percentages with consequent corresponding reductions in the cost of acddents and gain ing higher production efficiencies. A good example of such will be described in the November issue of The Paper Industry. The West Virginia Pulp and Paper Com pany, Williamsburg, Pennsylvania, accepted die Major Safety Award for the best achievement among 274 pulp and paper mills entered in the 1951 Contest Rehabilitation by Workman's Compensation By D. D. McRAE Asst Sec'y.-Treas., The Ontario-Minnesota Pulp and Paper Co., Ltd., Fort Frances, Ont, Canada Without Workmen's Compensation, there probably would be a greater loss from in dustrial acddents than there is with it Un der the Ontario act, the employers are or ganized for acddent prevention, and if these organizations function officially--and they undoubtedly do--there must be a reduction in acddents.. Again, with the best medical and surgical attention being given to those injured, the disabilities must be reduced, below what they would be, if such attention were not given. Under a system whereby the injured workman had to select and pay for his own treatment, it does not seem unrea sonable to conclude, that the disabilities must have been greater. The workmen's compensation act for the province of Ontario became effective on January' the first, 1915. In the first year of its operations, a little less than one million dollars was awarded for approximately sev enteen thousand acddents. For the calendar year 1951, the awards totalled a little less than twenty-five million dollars in compensa tion and medical aid for two hundred and two thousand, six hundred and forty-five acddents that were reported. The employers in Ontario are compelled to contribute to tins exclusive, collective, liability fund. There are, however, a few exceptions, for example; federal and provindal governments, municipalities and rail roads. Otherwise, each dass of industry maintains its own separate fund from which compensation and medical aid as well as administration costs are paid. The com bined funds of all the classes go to make up the*general fund over which the workmen's compensation board has complete control. Employers in Ontario are classified and assessed according to the risk involved in their respective industries. There are twenty five dasses in alL At the present time there are about forty eight thousand employers registered with the board. Generally speaking, an employer carrying oa an industry under the provisions of the act is required to file a payroll state ment with the board as soon as one work man is employed, whether temporarily or permanently. It is important that the pay roll should be filed before the start of oper ations, for until such time as the payroll is filed, tire employer is subject to the total Rehabilitation by Workmen's Compensation 9 nts had been hen the mill 3' "' 'a lost ie the be "World's cost of the claim arising out of and during the course of employment of his workmen. Once the employer is registered with the board, and as long as he continues to em ploy workmen, it is necessary to file an annual payroll statement showing the actual that had formerly been used as a Royal Canadian air force training centre. Con verted by the department of veterans' af fairs for hospital use, the building provided an ideal opportunity to expand the services formerly given at the board's clinic in n this safety xhievements. ties by large irresponding its and gam es. A good ribed in the 'ndustry. Paper Corn ua, accepted >r the best I paper nulls amount of wages paid out in the previous year and an estimate of the probable payroll for the current year. The annual assessment for each employer is figured from-his estimated payroll and from the estimated rate for that year which is set by the board and based on the previous accident experience of the industry. This assessment is payable in two equal instal ments, the first due one month from the issue of the assessment and the second within two to six months from the day of issue. downtown Toronto. By opening a convalescent wing, the seri ous shortage of beds in the active treatment hospitals has been considerably relieved. The plan by which treatment and vocational re habilitation are properly co-ordinated, bene fits the patients greatly and also assists the doctors of the province in their endeavor to give their patients the best in treatment. When a patient arrives at the convalescent centre he is met by a rehabilitation officer and is given a cheerful welcome. He is told of the board's interest in his welfare and The prime purpose of the act is to protect that it is hoped that through properly di injured workmen, bat the employer may also rected treatment and activities his progress trice advantage of coverage if he so desires. towards maximum recovery will be hastened ion When the yearly payroll return Is filed with so that he may return to work. the board, it is necessary for him to state Those who still require nursing care are definitely that he wishes to be covered at a admitted to the convalescent wing. There, stated salary, which must not be less than under medical supervision, they are exercised td. twelve hundred dollars nor more than four regularly and given heat treatment and thousand dollars per year. He thereby puts massage so that joints will not stiffen. re compelled V collective, ever, a few and.provins and railof ' 'dnstry f which as well as The cocn to make up e 'workmen's lete control, lassified and involved in e are twenty about forty' istered with an employer ie provisions ayroll state$ one worklporarily or tat die payart of operle payroll is to die total himself in the same position as a workman in respect to receiving compensation for accidents. The employer may obtain the coverage for a part of the year rather than for the full calendar year. As an example, a logging contractor may wish to be covered for only three to six months during the period of his contract The assessment, of coarse, is charged only for the period covered. Every employer within the province whose industry is under the act is required to keep a careful and correct record of all expendi tures for wages, showing the names of his workmen, their earnings and the date from which they were employed by him. These records are subject at any time to audit and investigation bv the board and its oficetKi&lr ' .SMBsSk*-*' Centre the board established its convaksce&astre at Mahon about 14 miles ftom Toronto. "By so doing the board has shown that /it is anxious to provide the in dustrial worker injured in the province with the very best in medical and rehabilitation service. The board acquired 14 buildings Rehabilitation officers direct'thrir thoughts towards eventual return to work and assist in solving any personal problems that may delay recovery. The board knows from years of experience that the majority will return to useful employment and once again will five foil and satisfactory lives in spite of disability. Properly placed, the handicapped prove to be efficient, loyal and safe workers. Time must not hang heavy on the hands of the injured man. The patients are en couraged to take up crafts of various lands. In the library, billiard and game rooms, or in the theatre where three shows are pre sented weekly, leisure time can be passed pleasantly and profitably. When the patient has recovered sufficiently to take care of himself, he is transferred to the physical medicine'wing. In die physiotherapy division, by the use of massage, electrotherapy and hydrotherapy, pain is relieved, circulation is stimulated and the injured limb is conditioned for active exercise. In the occupational therapy division -the numerous types of apparatus are designed to strengthen weak muscles and increase 10 Pulp and Paper Industry movement You may see one man who is patient in the room at one time; there b no turning weights on a machine to strengthen one rise but the instructor. A patient with injured wrist muscles; another may be an artificial hand b taught to perform the stretched on his back while pedaling a bi ordinary movements of daily living, for cycle machine to strengthen weakened example; turning a water tap, turning a muscles in his legs; another mar be using door knob, how to handle silverware while apparatus that is designed to make him eating, bow to tie hb neck tie. They are raise his arms and to reach as high as pos also taught how to dress themselves and, sible to strengthen muscles. which b very important, they are taught They improvise by designing equipment to how to write. suit a particular case, as required. If the patient remained at home and re In the carpentry shop or weaving room, the worker soon gains confidence in his own ability. Hobbies and crafts are encouraged. The carpentry shop is a popular place. The material is furnished to each patient and he ceived the artificial limb that is provided by the workmen's compensation board, he would probably try it on once or twice, and after some embarrassment, might be inclined to discard the artificial limb. may keep whatever articles he produces. The care and treatment and interest shown Here you may see men wiho may have limbs in their recovery maintains a very high or a hand in a cast, but he is still able to morale. follow his hobby or craft. In the wearing room, you usually see a worker who has his hands in a cast, but with his thumb and/or fingers free. The operation of wearing gives his fingers exer cise and movement that he would not other Plans for the taking up of employment can be-started and when necessary, training provided at the regular trade schools, tech nical schools or business colleges. In most cases;* however, the man b able to return to hb former work. wise obtain. The material is supplied to him and he may retain any articles produced. The skilled worker can go through similar motions to those required at his regular job and can satisfy himself that he b malting progress and will eventually return to work. You may see workers laying railway ties and railway track; they have logs where an axe may be used, also the sawing opera tion carried on; another may be laying bricks; another may be shoveling sand over a height of approximately one foot with the arrangement whereby the bright may be increased as the workman's condition im proves. Sometimes it is necessary to change hb duties somewhat and here again the rehabili tation officer can give the employer valuable advice as to the type of work the man can do. Much is accomplished by tins cooperative effort, and doctor, nurse; therapist and rehabilitation officer must all pull together for the good of the patient It b the degree of cooperation given by the 430 patients that determines the success of the operation. The man who realizes that what b bring done for him speeds hb return to work and reduces hb disability will take a keen interest in the program arranged for him. They have one room that b used by pa tients to become accustomed to the use of artificial limbs. The patients have privacy and although there may be more than one The board b anxious to have as many viators as posable at the convalescent centre and a visit is well worth while when in Toronto. there is no patient with pe^ -rn the if J for turning a rware while . They are ^selves and, are taught me and re provided by d, he would s, and after inclined to crest shown very high employment ry, training tools, techs. In roost to return to change his he rehabili,-er valuable man can do. cooperative rapist and ill together t '' ly thK Recess ho realizes : speeds his s disability ic program e as many onvalescent while when 11 Sulphite Pulp Manufacturing (Round Table Discussion) Conference Leader: Oka Hazen, Safety Supervisor, Minnesota and Ontario Paper Co., International Falls, Minn. Recorder: R. W. Csouchek, Safety Officer, Minnesota and Ontario Paper Co., and Sub sidiaries, International Falls, Minn. 1. What hazards hare been found around chip conveyor? This question drew but little response, altbongh one member stated an employee had been badly injured when tangled up in one. In most plants the conveyor is com pletely enclosed, and the walkway running along its length is adequately guarded. 2. In chip bins, the chips often hang up on the sides and have to be freed. What is the safest way to do this? Answers: We use a vibrator but it only takes so much and we have to finish ihe job with air lances. We have used air jets, but now use a fourpronged horde on a half-inch line, like an anchor. This is dragged up and down on the hung-up chips. Sometimes the prongs get caught in a wad of chips and it takes a lot of effortrto get the thing loose. We had used steam jets, but moisture from them would freeze, so we went to air. We have four jets on brackets around the walls of the bin. These work fine. There is on the market an air bag, which is laid against the Inn walls and which when inflated, jars the chips loose. Nobody seemed enthusiastic over this idea. Most of those present stick to the system ot a man going down in the Inn to knode chips loose with bar or air lance. He wears a safety belt with a rope held by an attend ant on the walkway above. In one instance failure to wear the belt resulted in a man sliding into the digester with a cascade of chips, and becoming part of that day's fur nish. 3. What are the common hazards around the lime rode idle? Answers: Overhanging ledges frequently present dangers of falling rock. The use of long handled hooks is recommended to bring the rock down safely. Loading rock onto carts or buggies. Many toe and finger injuries result from rock slipping from hands, or from rock falling off cart piled too high. One member strictly limits the bright to which rock can be piled above sides of cart. Rubber tired buggies permit smoother handling, with less danger of rode bring dislodged. Compulsory wearing' of instep guards or rubber shoes with built in protection, such as are used in mines. "Ordinary safety shoes are not adequate since the instep is most vulnerable. 4. Add tower hazards. The only experi ence quoted was that of an employee work ing down in the tower a few feet below the unloading deck. A bubble of gas came up and gagged him, and he choked to death on part of an apple he had eaten. The ordinary gas mask is declared to be unsafe and an air line mask- is indicated. A gas mask in the tower elevator is O.K, if the elevator is open, but not in the tower. 5. Has anybody had any accidents involv ing add tower escape ladders? Answer was no, but very thorough inspections should be made, preferably weekly, to guard against weakening from corrosion. 6. During a brief discussion on gas masks in the Arid Plant in general, the statement was made that the canister type gas mask is adequate for conditions where there is 16 per cent- or more of oxygen present. Otherwise an airline mask should be avail able. The Chemox unit was also recom mended. ' 7. What hazards are connected with han dling sulphur? Answers: Sulphur is unloaded from box cars with wheeled scoops. Sometimes the lip of the scoop strikes a protruding bolt head in the car floor with such force as to injure the unloader's band or wrist from the shock. 1. 12 Pulp and Paper Industry The only solution seems to be an appeal to the suppliers to make more rigid inspec tion of car floors before loading. Most common hazards are explosions and fires caused by sparks from static electricity. Some members have changed from steel to aluminum screw type conveyors, but the aluminum type has the drawback of heating and melting the sulphur. On the vertical elevator type bronze buckets are bring used. Another type of fire hazard was elim inated when a member moved the melting tank into a separate room from the burner. To guard against plugging up of molten sulphur lines, they should be blown out be fore leaving the plant at a shut-down. Mention was made of a new source of sulphur from iron pyrites, which may lower the cost of tire commodity, especially to Canadian mills. ... - Sulphur unloaders have trouble with partides getting in eyes and causing inflamma tion. It is hard to get men to wear goggles on that job, as they are uncomfortable and cause sweating. Some men are allergic to sulphur and in others the tear ducts become plugged. The theory was advanced that wearers of prescription spectacles quit rely ing on their eye lashes which are nature's dust filters, with the result that partides of dust enter the eye more easily. It was rec ommended that wearing of goggles be em phasized to unloaders and flat the goggles be washed frequently. Also that the eyes be given a washing daily after work. 8. Hazards related to digesters were de clared to be few, aside from those of gas sing. Protection from that is provided in all mills by a suffident number of gas masks of the proper type. Every employee should have his own. Some members stated that their charging floor men have speed wrenches to remove and apply the digester head bolts. Those members who use chip packers, and, those who do not; appeared about evenly divided. One of the former asked what is done about pulp hanging up in the digester after cooking. Answers were to have a high pressure pump installed in the blow line, and blow back up, thus loosening the pulp, and another to run hot water into the top of the digester and put pres sure in. 9. Warnings of blows: What systems are tised? Answers ran from whistles bring blown; to bell alarms to cooks hanging on pipes and yelling. Men are apt to get used to such sounds and ignore them or delay getting into dear. One system that met general approval was for cadi member of the crew to report to the cook before the valve is opened. Water reserve tanks should be posted as prohibiting swimming in them, with severe penalties for violation. Claim for compen sation might be based on employer failing to enforce such a safety rule. One member had a drowning when a young man was sacked down into the outlet when the large valve was opened while he was swimming in the tank. _ 10. Hazards of belt devators, or man lifts. These were admitted to be confined to a man going over the top of die bdt when failing to get off at die top level quickly enough and bang jammed against the edge of a floor opening when'not hugging the bdt snugly enough. One member has pre vented the possibility of the first named by an electronic control which stops the man lift if an object interrupts a beam placed in the danger zone. Another has funnels at floor openings to prevent the second-named. Others have ladders on the frames in case of power failure. It was agreed that me chanics should be prohibited from sending tools up on die steps to a hdper or rice versa, and that any form of horseplay on, or around, man lifts should be severely dealt' with. 11. Hazards of dectric passenger devator in sulphite mill. Discussion was centered about a combination of power failure and high gas concentration, and means of escape. Practically all members have hatches in the cage ceilings and short ladders to reach the hatches, aid which can be polled through the hatches to reach the shaft door next above. The shaft in one member's mill is large enough to permit a ladder bong at tached to one wall, and which can be reached by means of the ceiling batch. A suffident number of gas masks of the proper type is a must in every sulphite devator. nit pres. it4 M down, to lipes and to sncfa r getting general e crew to 5 opened, osted as h severe COmpQh r failing . member nan was the large trimming or man nfined to elt when I quickly the edge ging the has preamed by the man placed in mods at i-named. ' elevator centered hire and >f escape, es in the reach the through oor next s mill is sang attreadled sufficient r type is 13 Sulphate Pulp Manufacturing (Round Table Discussion) Presiding: D* V. Hill, Safety Director, The Mead Corporation, Kingsport, Tennnessee. Recorder: F. O. Soughton, Services and Safety Supervisor, LongLac Palp and Paper Company Limited, Terrace Bay, Ontario.. Chairman's Opening Remarks--Mr. Hill emphasized the importance of finding an swers to our accident prevention problems since "failure in safety is failure in human relations." Problem 1--Control of Algae Findings Tins presents quite a problem in areas where warm water is used in mill operations wherein the algae cover everything with a scum which creates a serious slipping hazar<L_ Good maintenance on pipe joints and valves to prevent leaks was considered to be of prime importance. Other suggestions in cluded: a. Acid etching of concrete floors and cover ing of ramps and walk-ways with used machine wires to reduce slipping hazards. b. Use of B.S.M.-11 (a mercurial com pound) or chlorinated lime for slime con trol. c. Use of copper sulphate for algae control. Problem 2--Keeping Recovery Furnace Gratings Clean Around Recovery Boilers Findings The use of steam was considered to be best with compressed air second. It was emphasized that safe practices should be carefully established for operators performing the job and that traffic in the area and on lower floors should be controlled daring such cleaning operations. The opinion was also expressed that it should be well defined as to who should be permitted in the recovery furnace area at any time. Problem 3--What to do with Lime Refects Findings The only feasible suggestion was that such rejects could be used for surfacing on sec ond grade roads and in wood yard areas to cut down on fire hazards. . It' was further noted that there was not enough free lime in tiie rejects to create a problem if used for surfacing. , Problem 4--Mill Entrances and Exits in Close Proximity to Railroad Tracks Findings This seemed to be a problem with a num ber of delegates and it was agreed that there was no ample answer. Ideas which might be adapted to particular situations in cluded: a. Handrails directly in front of exits which would Mode direct thoroughfare and force .people to anawareness of the hazard. b. Rdated to (a) might be a handrail long enough to prove inconvenient and there fore slow down traffic over tracks. c. An electric eye tie-up with a gate. d. An_ electric eye tie-up with a bell or buzzer. e. An electric eye activated tape recording unit which would sound or state a warn ing over a loudspeaker. f. It was also suggested that in some in stances, entrances or-exits could be re located or eliminated. Problem 5--Skids for Loading Rolls of Paper in Box Cars Findings light magnesium sltids are now available. It was emphasized that a better solution would be use of a lift trade with a special type of inverting cradle which had been de veloped to handle paper rolls. Reference was also made to the new type lift track with an "up-ender." A word of caution was added. As means of handling material become more mechani cal, the hazards involved should be carefully studied. Problem 6--Pneumatic Handling of Dry Chemicals Fmdings As a result of the discussion, the following recommendations are made: a. . Keep hose couplings tight _ ___ ' jtgSf it: :i Tt ; : :?u [.$ 4?. ' if 'H; 14 Pulp and Paper Industry b. Eliminate sharp bends in flexible metal his or her job over-night and that `haste" hose. and "pressure" often cause accidents. c. Inspect hose regularly for wear. d. Consider pits under cars to facilitate hose hook-ups. e. Specify proper types of railroad cars for dry chemical haulage. (Recorder's Note: A number of items were also discussed which have broad appli cation to industry in general. They arc probably dealt with best by questions and answers.) f. Unload from both top and bottom of cars. Problem 7--Experience with Mercury Arc Rectifiers Involving Mercury Poisoning Findings The equipment referred to converts a/c to d/c in making chlorine and caustic. Unfortunately no delegate represented a mill with this type of equipment. (Recorder's Note: Anyone with a problem related to this type of equipment should write to Alex Caldwell, Safety Supervisor, Marathon Paper Mills of Canada Limited, Marathon, Ontario. Mr. Caldwell has bad a considerable amount of experience with such equipment.) Problem 8--Reducing Work Injuries Among Supervisors Findings The problem appeared to be fairly wide spread. One company with a good record reported that of 5 disabling injuries in their 600 man mill during 1931, 2 involved supervisors. One delegate smilingly stated that perhaps the supervisors should be subjected to some safety training by the union: It was noted that sometimes, because of a heavy' work load or an emergency, a super visor would step in and do work normally done by one of the trades and often with un fortunate results due to unfamiliarity with details of hazards involved. It was felt that supervisors should not do this. Other points mentioned were: a. That supervisors should, in reality, be responsible for the safety of persons work ing under them and should above all set a good example. b- That supervisors often needed more training in order to be good supervisors. c. That supervisors should develop more confidence in their department and the indi viduals therein. Question 1--What Policies Prevail Regard ing the Periodic Medical Examination of Employees? Answer--Policies vary measurably, any where from no interest at all to pre-em ployment physicals and annual re-examina tions thereafter with a decided trend toward the latter. In some instances special clinical examinations are arranged for, regardless of die level of the employee: In most cases where a well-developed plan bad been estab lished die pre-employment examination is compulsory and the re-examinations are not Only in rare instances do people torn down the re--examination privilege. Nor mally it is not policy to have such exam inations prejudice advancement, and reports of examinations are nearly always kept strictly confidential in medical departments. Question 2--How Many Plants Have Pe riodic Medical Examinations for Super visors? Answer--Twenty per cent of the plants represented. . Question 3--How Many Companies Volun tarily or by Law Give a Copy of the Medical Report to the Employee? Answer--Eight per cent of the plants represented. Question 4--How Many Companies Have Back X-Rays Taken as Part of PreEmployment Physical? Answer--Four per cent of the plants represented. Question 5--How Many Companies Have Sick Benefits? Answer--Eighty per cent of the plants represented. Question 6--How Many Companies Arc Teaching the Holger-Nidson .Method of Artificial Respiration in First Aid Train ing? d. That the fact should always be recog Answer--About twenty per cent of the. nized by everyone that no one learns to do plants represented. Paper Converting (Round Table Discussion) 15 t "haste" s-.. % oi{ jns ad apptirhey arc ions and Regardnation of Question 7--Are Safety Display Windows Useful in Setting Safetyt Answer--A number of opinions were ex pressed indicating that display windows de voted to selling safety were very useful par ticularly when departmental committees al ternated in taking responsibility for chang ing the windows. Prizes for the best win dows also created interest Windows should be changed frequently, one to two weeks bring considered long enough for a display. One company utilizes a double-sided display window on wheels to sell safety. It is moved about daily throughout strategic plant loca tions. jly, anvpre-em- examinad toward d clinical egardless ost cases en establation is ions are Dple torn ;e. Norh exami reports tys kept artments. lave Per Suprr- le plants s r w- f /*< et te plants es Have of Pre- . e plants es Have te plants ties Are etkod of d Train- Paper Converting (Round Table Discussion) Presiding: A. O. Vkahek, Safety Dir, Container Corp. of America, Chicago. Conference Recorder; R. G. Belknap, Personnel Mgr, Bemis Bros. Bag Co, East Pepperell. Mass. The first topic -for discussion was the charging of the supervisor with the respon sibility of safety in his department with the plant safety department acting only as an assistant After a short discussion, it was generally agreed that die foreman is the only logical person to be responsible for the safety of the people in his department and that the safety' department can only supply him with information, material, and assist ance. This is particularly true in the large plants and companies with several branches. The print was made that it would be im practicable in such situations to have the safety department totally responsible. It was found that the majority of the companies followed tills pattern--the safety department sets the policy*, coordinates the program, assembles material and informa tion; assists the foreman in presentation, but it is the foreman who actually carries out the program. A lengthy discussion was held on the question of incentives to workers for safe records. Most of the men present were basically opposed to paying workers to be safe; however, most companies do use a form of incentives in that they give the workers pencils, cigarette fighters, dinners, etc. for departmental and individual safety records. It was also generally agreed that while it is almost, impossible to determine any monetary' savings as a result of incen tives," the possibility' of preventing any pain and suffering made them worth-while. The subject of incentives ended after a short description of an incentive plan which has been developed by Professor Joseph Scan lon, of the Industrial Engineering Depart ment at M.I.T. This is an all-inclusive plan covering safety, production, quality, etc. If anyone is interested in this plan, he should contact Professor Scanlon direct Questions from various participants brought forth the following: None of the companies represented gave safety shoes or other equipment as rewards for good safety records. None of the.companies represented actually gave money as incentives. Four of the companies represented had Union ap pointed safety committees. Only a few companies required safety shoes and eye protection on the job. The subject of training had entered into each discussion throughout the meeting and finally became the main topic. Various methods of indoctrinating new employees were described by different individuals. The foundation for all these methods was the four-step system as followed in JIT. The point was also re-established that safety and training men in a plant should work closely together. t of the . 16 Pulp and Paper Industry Paper Manufacturing (Round Table Discussion) Presiding--Francis H. Wagner, Dir. of Safety, The Mead Corp., Chillicothe, Ohio. Conference Recorder--C. R. Johnson, Personnel Dir., Cornell Paperboard Products Co., Chicago. The following subjects were discussed: 1. Marion Hodges, West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co., Charleston, West Virginia-- We have been using iron pry bars to bump large rolls of paper around and have found that this practice has caused a breaking of concrete in the door leaving many holes that make the doors uneven. These boles have caused several injuries. Has anyone with a similar problem done anything to avoid this problem? K. Gilbert, Lowe Paper Co.--Is bar a solid bar--solid for strength? We used an extra heavy pipe a few years ago with a square section which was stronger. It was hung on a nail when not in use. M. Hodges--Did pipe bar slip on the door? C Bellamy, Canton, Ohio--We use a bar with a wedge shape attached to the bot tom to which is attached a piece of an old automobile tire which acts as a shoe and prevents the iron of the bar from contacting the door and causing damage to it. 2. Julios A. Draper, Director of Safety, Consolidated Paper Corporation, Lt<L, Grand Mere, P.Q., Canada--Has anyone a mechanical device for cmhng air hoses used at various places in the plant? M. A. Gibson, Alton Box Board Co., Alton, Illinois---We have reels that coil air hoses when not in use and will send infor mation concerning them to Mr. Draper. 3. Mr Topmhxer, Champion, Hamilton, Ohio--We would like a little information on how shells or Cores are handled in the vari ous plants and on the types of shells or cores used. .. Ora Hazen, Safety* Supervisor, M & O Paper Co., International Falls, Minn.--We use paper cores (shells) with metal tips on, them. Howard Kroll, Safety Director, Blandin Paper Co., Grand Rapids, Minnesota--We use steel tubing to make our cores from. We buy the tubing in carload lots and make up our cores as we need them. The cores are fifty-one and one-eighth inches long with a three-inch inside diameter. Each end is reinforced with a one-sixteenth-inch thick collar and tips made from three-inch pipe are pressed in each end. We have also designed a machine that will straighten out these cores should they become bent Francis Wagner, Dir. of Safety, Mead Corp., Chillicothe, Ohio--What do these cores cost you made up and ready for use? H. Kroll--The tube cost is about $7.00. K. Gilbert, Lowe Paper Co.---We use eight-inch aluminum cores which are stored mi wagons and secured with a chain over the top of die load. Also a staked skid is used which permits cores to be piled six feet high when tied with a strap.- R. Peier, Eastman Kodak Co.--We use an enclosed cart with one end open. Cores are taken out of or put in this cart from the open end. 4. Mr Hartwig, Crown Zellerbach Co.-- What has been done to eliminate die high pitched noises caused by couch rolls? Are there any companies using a Beloit Silencer? H. Kroll, Blandin Paper Go.--Couch rolls on our machines, raise a terrific howl and we have ordered a Beloit Silencer. Mr Hartwig--What about ear plugs? We have used them.and they seem to work ok, that is, the ones equipped with a dia phragm--ear wardens, I think they are called. H. Kroll--We tried the plugs but they didn't work out too well for us. 'Men will wear them for a day or two and discard them. It was suggested that ear plugs be fitted to the ears by a doctor. They come in three sizes--small, medium and large O. Wagers, Champion--The Beloit Si lencers are considered by engineers to be about fifteen to twenty per cent effective. W. Berger, Kimberly dark--A lot of re search is bong done on Beloit Silencers and new developments can be expected. Dhio. ^ oducts Co., s long with ach end is inch thick ich pipe arc so designed out these fety. Mead do these ly for use? bout $7.00. .--We use are stored chain over ced skid is led six feet We use pen. Cores 1 from the bach Co.-- e the high rolls? Arc t Silencer? Cof Yolls he.,/and sar plugs? m to work nth a dia- they are 5 but the}' Men mil nd discard 5 be fitted r come in arge Beloit Si* sers to be effective, lot of reenccrs and d. Paper Manufacturing (Round Table Discussion) 17 5. K. Gilbert; Lowe Paper ' Co.--Has anyone done anything'on general reduction of noises in the plant such as hanging ab sorbing material from the ceiling or used insulating material of any type? Mas. Etter, Michigan Carton Co.--We have tried it and die rats just love it H. Kkhx--I have nothing on noise con trol but we have an exterminating com pany come m to our plant and for around $700.00 per year we can absolutely control the rat problem. After a month of using this service you could not find a rat in our plant We have bait boxes filled with meal that is poison only to rats. When the meal is eaten by the rat it breaks down its blood cells. Mu. Haktwic--Does this preparation re quire the use of water? Mfc. Kroix--No.___ * ...._ . 6. C C McPike, Sl Regis Paper Co.-- What kind or type of scrapers are being used on calendar stacks? W. Berger, Kimberly dark--We used to make hand scrapers out of old files, now we purchase scrapers from our file supplier. H. Kkou.--We have devised a leather carrying case so men can safely carry hand scrapers while on the job. Ken Faist, Champion--We use a scraper with a blade coming out of the handle and can't be carried. Some are placed on the calenders. E. B. Lambtox. Safety Engineer, St. Regis Paper Co.--We have had trouble in the use of scrapers. There , is definitely a right and a wrong way of using them safely. We have trained our men on how to. use scrapers safely. C C McPike--Do you have trouble en forcing use of scrapers--with men carrying them or returning, them to their proper place if not carried? E. B. Lajibton--We haye a slot designed into the frame`of the calender stack and we don't have' top roach trouble hr keeping the scraper in this slot when not in use 7. Marion Hooges, West Virginia Pulp and Paper--We lave experienced some dif ficulty with slippery shipping platforms. Our platforms are open and under certain weather and other conditions they become slippery. The floor is concrete surfaced with steel filings. Lloyd Prahl, Marathon Corp., Wausau, Wisconsin--There are many types of floor coverings that may he useful in eliminating this hazard. Minnesota Mining Glass Paint holds up pretty well, metal plates with abra sive surfaces--safety walk, and U. S., rubber grip tread to mention some of them. We use six inch by six inch hardwood curbs to prevent four wheel trucks from going off the platform. Then, of course, you could enclose the platform either permanently with solid construction or temporarily with tarps. 8. George Hinborn, Eastman Kodak Co., Kodak Park; N. Y.--We are looking for a way of threading* calenders without using the fist We run a stiff dry sheet of board ranging in speed from two hundred and fifty feet to three hundred and fifty feet per minute. K. Gilbert, Lowe Paper Go.--We have developed a stack threader that works very wdl where nip. guards are not practical. Calender sticks also can be used, as wdl as carrier ropes. Francis Wagner--We can't use carrier ropes with stiff paper. E. B. Lambton, St Regis Paper Go.--I think it depends on whether you have a long or short draw; with a fairly short draw of about six feet or so you could mostly use die knuckles or heel of the hand to put the board into the. nips. Tails are cot so board is easier to handle. Cutting tails is. a prob lem. There are various ways of cutting tails. O. Wagers, Champion--We use a special type of saw. Mr. Adderhold--We use a slitter on a handle which is drawn across the face of the calender. C C McPike, St. Regis Paper Co.-- There is a patented tail cotter made by Blade and Clawson. 9. Mr. Adderhold--We had some diffi culty with loading trailers. The trailer is parked at the loading dock and the tractor moved aWay. In loading the trailer it has happened that the front aid tips up. Fred Berry, Alton Box Board Co.--The front ends of trailers are equipped with a set of wheels that crank down to hold the front end up when not connected to the tractor. These wheels have been known, to collapse. Most of this -type of trouble occurs with the first load put into tiie trailer. Chants have been used to hold :front end 18 Pulp and Paper Industry down but care must be used to make sure Mr. Marquanot, National--We use a that the chain is disconnected before the chipper and blower combined. trailer is moved away. 10. Mr. Van Hock, Kimberly Clark-- Has anyone had any difficult}' with knobs on steering wheels of power trucks? These trucks come equipped with the knobs. Mb. Thompson, Marathon Corp.--Why not take the knobs off the wheels? It was suggested that the rim of the wheel be built up in an incline about two and onehalf inches or three inches of each ride of the knob. Marion Hodges, West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co.--Put the knob cm a spring ar 12. F. Wagner, Mead Corp. -- Anyone doing anything with color coding? No com ments received on this. 13. Mr. Ellis, Consolidated Water Power and Paper Co.--What covering do you use for covering catwalks on the wet end of the paper machine? We use a one-quarter inch mesh covering which is not too good. L. Prahl, Marathon Corp. -- We use safety walk. This to be effective and long lasting must be properly applied to a dry surface. rangement which swings down out of the Mr. Marquardt, National--We use an way when not in use. expanded metal covering with diamond Mr. Slider, St. Regis Paper Co.--General shaped openings. Motors came out in 1941 with a special F. Wagner--A new product is out now. steering wheel which was equipped with a An expanded aluminum that might work handle that rotated in a circle which gave out the same ease of control as a knob but did not extend above the wheel- 11. Francis Wagner, Mead Corp.--Has anyone had experience with Hydro Pulpers guarded with a weighted gate? H. Kroll, Blandin Paper Co.--We use a dump belt R. Peters, Eastman Kodak--Our Hydro Pulpers are placed below die floor and are fed with a chute leading from a hole in the floor to the Hydro Pulper. Hole in floor is 14. W. Berger, Kimberly Clark--What about guarding the dryer gear spokes on back side of (he Paper Machine? What has been dime with tins? L. Prahl, Marathon Corp.--We have a fence arrangement with the post aligned with the outside edge of the catwalk. Mr. Adderhold--We use sheet metal disks enclosing the driver gear spoices. O. Hazex, M & O Paper Co.--Put a guarded about forty inches high. rail around bade ride sixteen indies back Mr. Ellis, Consolidated Water Power frofti driver gears. and Paper Co.--How do you cut the tail 15. W. Berger, Kimberly Clark--What from the Hydro Pulper? about exposed nips? There are two com W. Oliver, Gardner Paper Co.--We use panies I know of that have exposed nips a good heavy axe and sharpen it about guarded. every other day. F. Wagner, . Mead Corp.--There are re Mr. Thompson, Marathon Corp.--We tractable nip guards that can be snapped have bad some difficulty feeding trim into into position after calenders are threaded. Hydro Pulpers. The loops get around the These are not used during threading. men's arms. Is there any mechanical method 16. Ross Welsh, Gladfelter Paper Co.-- of doing this? Can an airveyor be used? Has anyone had any experience with using C. Ween, Michigan Carton--Install a floor richburn oil for bums such as dryer bums? beater. We have found that it will relieve the pain Mr. Dillingham, Regal Paper Co.--We but it is not too successful to aid the heal feed from a broke box picked up with a ing of the burn. We apply it to the bum hoist using hooks which are fastened to the with cotton. What do the doctors think of ride of the box which is turned, dumping it, and, if used by them, how do they apply the load into the Hydro Pulper. it? W. Berger, Kimberly Clark--When we feed trim into a Hydro Pulper we wind it up into rolls. Mr. Bellamy, Champion Carton--Have yon used it on bums where skin is broken? Is it water soluble? Ve use a 3s,, c/om"e iter Power lo you use et end of oe-quarter too good. - We.use : and long to a dry fe use an . diamond i out now. ight work irk--What spokes on te? What /e have a st aligned twalk. teet metal poxes. '.--Put a dies, back iric--irhat two com posed nips re are ree snapped threaded, ading. per Co.-- irith using /er bums? e the pain t the heal< the burn s think of they apply ton--Have is broken? Pulpwood Logging (Round Table Discussion) 19 It was suggested that treated gauze medi cated dressing be used for burns. 17. F. Wagner, Mead Corp.--What ex perience has beat bad with service connected injuries? We had a man in our plant who had shrapnel in his knee which caused the man to favor the knee which resulted in a fall M. Hodges, West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co.--When we hire a veteran, we have a form be fills out; describing any injuries or wounds he experienced while in service. Mr. Hartwig, Crown Zdlerhach--Should a man be injnred,'the cause of which was due to a previous service connected injury, the commission devaluates the second injury' by making a minus award. That is an award less in amount than is usually paid for such an injury. F. Berry, Alton Box Board Company-- The'Srst injury must be compensable in Illinois. ^ 18. Mr. Van Hock, Kimberly Clark-- What experience has been had with rewinder guards? On our rewinder, the guard must be up in order to engage the controls and we have to stop the rewinder to get the guard down. Does any one know of a new design? There were no comments on this question. 19. F. Wagner, Mead Corp.--Has any one developed a standardized housekeeping report form? It was suggested that Elliot Service has a standardized form. R. Welsh, Gladfelter Paper Co.--Wc have a housekeeping program set-up on a competitive bans. The mill is divided into three sections which are given ratings. We have our own form which is used in evalu ating the experience of each section. . Question--Do you have any trouble getting top management interested in the program? Mr. Welsh--No. Our executive vicepresident takes his regular turn at inspec tions along with the foremen. Comments are sent to each foreman along with the standing of his department M. Hodges, West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co.--In our plant each department is re sponsible for its own housekeeping. In spection reports are made and sent to top management Question--How often do you make in spections? Mr. Hodges--About every three weeks and we let each department know when we are coming. Question--Do yon include safety items in your inspection report? Mr. Hodges--Yes. Pulpwood Logging (Round Table Discussion) Presiding: H. H. Jetterson, Training Officer, American Pulpwood Assn, New York Gty. Conference Recorder: Seth Jackson, Safety Officer, U. S. Forest Service; Washing ton, D. C The meeting opened with a short statement by chairman Jefferson about logging's high injury' rate, and that something must be done about it, especially .through safety training. The Weyerhaeuser successful logging safety program was described. Top man agement is sincerely sold on safety from the board of directors to the manager. The company has about 10,000 employees. There are 19 full-time men on safety, who get to gether three times yearly. Work supervisors have local meetings about four times yearly. Weyerhaeuser has 190 foremen trained in how to train by five University of Chicago instructors. Nobody can train the workers in safe methods better than the foremen. The conipany gets all the help it can from joint labor-management committees. Labor is getting more active in safety' on the West coast When accidents and near accidents hap pen, the job is stopped and a safety discus sion is held right on the spot. In case of death, the job is shut down for at least a. Hay. The foreman goes to town in the \) 20 Pulp and Paper Industry ambulance in serious lost-time accidents, and a trained understudy takes over the job. Safety meetings are held when and where needed, on company time. Many companies could profit by adopting some of Weyerhaeuser's safety policies. At Great Northern in Maine, 90 per cent of the work is piecework. The contractors are foremen, company men with complete con trol by the company. They can make bonuses. They have standardized on tools. Most of the cut is done by chain saws in the last three years. They are causing only a few accidents, none serious. They have no control of safe practices on purchased wood. Accidents have grad ually diminished on their own operations, partly through training, but mostly by stand ardizing tools. There is a lot of river driving. Axe cuts are most common. Axes are neglected due to use of chain saw*. Movies are used. Logging in the Southern states is by direct dealing with the cutter and colored boys. A power circular saw is used. Indirectly the companies are billed for injuries. The small contractor problem is probably bigger than realized. Training is the best way to pre vent accidents. There is a very low* insurance rate in Maine, $3.26 per $100 payroll, or 27 cents per cord. This is deducted from the con tract price. If the injury frequency is below a certain figure, a 5 cent better price results. In Quebec, there is a kickback per cord if the accidents are below a certain figure. In Ontario, the government controls the cut, tells what cordage is wanted from definite areas. Complacency in the woods--men bring too self-satisfied with their efforts--is a major problem. Most of the trouble comes from small 'operators, in crews under 12 men. These are the ones causing the high accident rates. What can be done to bring down these high rates caused by* contractors having far too many accidents? 1. Standardized tools and work methods will help to make gyppo jobs safer. 2. Encourage mechanical logging, which will attract more skilled men. 3. In the Lake States and other places where we have no direct control over cut ting practices; the benefits of safe work methods can be shown by demonstrations given by outfits such as the WisconsinMichigan Forest Products Council and tht American Pnlpwood Association. Contrac tors are lined up by companies and training is given in safe use of tools, equipment, and maintenance thereof. 4. Some companies are not using gyppos now because they had so much trouble with them. 5. Some companies have clauses written in the contracts, about abiding by laws and safety codes. 6. Much time is spent in schools and com munities putting on safety talks to men, women and children. "You'd be surprised the control the wife has over a worker." One contractor in the Northwest employing 60 men uses.movies regularly. 7. Some camps have one instructor in each 75-man camp--100 per cent of his time is spent on training trainers and men on the strips in JIT, JST. Price Brothers in Quebec 'have been doing tins 6-8 years. 8. Get a man in the company with interest and enthusiasm--get safety through good supervision. 9. Take .supervisors one at a time and send them to Safety Congress or other places. One foreman got 50 hard hats in camp after attending Congress. Yearly safety meeting for key logging supervisors is a good way to promote safety. 10. One form of contractor control would be to look him over beforehand. If he has had many accidents, don't sign him up. 11. Why haven't manufacturers formed an association as in 28 mills in Quebec? Inspectors in the woods have helped to get the rate down from $7 per $100 to "$1.60 per $100. Quite an incentive! Accidents are paid for in the pulpwood cost If we don't control accidents, some body will. Legal talent says we're on shaky ground to dictate to contractors, but these 11 points give a few leads on how to get them to do the job more safely. Discussion on hard hats brought out that they are well accepted in the Northwest where McDonald metal ones, are worn. .In the Lake States, loggers prefer plastics; theydon't want to wear miners? type. The president and on down should set the example--lead the way in wearing hard nitrations VisconsinI (i rac- ig gyppos tuble with s written laws and and com* to men, surprised worker." Employing Dr in each is time is on the others in ears. h interest rgh good time and or other J hats in Yearly tpervisors m up. > formed Qudec? ed to get to "51.60 pulpwood ts, some* on shaky but these w to get out that orthwesL wont. .In Insulation Manufacturing (Round Table Discussion) 21 hats and safety shoes. Somebody mentioned that Lehigh loggers' boots are not cold on the feet the way safety shoes were formerly. One large company charges $3 for a hat If this is returned at end of the job the $3 is refunded. The men furnish their own headbands. Films that have been effective in accident reduction in this industry are: a. The Story of Pierre and Marie--a young woodsman is inspired to work safely and to persuade others to do like wise. 16 nun., sound, color, 35 nh, pro duced by the Quebec Palp and Paper Safety Association. Available from United World Filins, Inc, 1445 Park Avenue; New York 29, New York. b. Hooding Logs--accident prevention in truck driving. 16 mm, sound, color, 40 min. This and" two other pictures on falling and yarding, were produced by die logging industries in, the Pacific Northwest Available from Rarig Motion Picture Company, 5514 University, Se attle 5,. Washington. Helpful Hints for Pulpwood Cutters-- produced by Brown Corporation in co operation with American Pulpwood Asso ciation. Available from Brown Corp, 18 minutes. Do It With E's--a. Forest Ranger ana lyzes his safety problem and develops a safety program which gets results. 16 mm, sound, color, 26 minutes. Available from United World Films, Inc, (See 5a). Produced by U. S. Forest Service; other safety subjects, especially on fire fighting, listed in film catalogue available from U. S. Forest Service, South Build ing,' Washington 25, D. C Insulation Manufacturing (Round Table Discussion) Presiding: H. M. Jackson, Safety Mgr, The Jobns-Manville Corp, New York, N. Y. Conference Recorder: B. J. Lee; Safety Director, Wood Conversion Co, Cloquet, Minn. Mr. Jackson opened the meeting with a short talk on the three "E's" of accident pre vention, Engineering Enforcement and Edu cation. He stated that the biggest problem was designing the job to fit the employee and adapting the employee to the job. A question was asked as to how it would be possible to fit the employee to the job when mast plants have ~union seniority rights; this certainly restricted the free movement of employees. Delegate: In our company the foreman has sole judgment of the advancement of the employees working in his department and there is departmental seniority, but not plant wide seniority. Delegate: Our contract with the.union is written so that employees would be ad vanced according to both seniority and ability. It was the consensus that in most plants there is very little free movement of em ployees from one job to another.. The chairman said that in most compa nies, be thought there-were very few.jobs requiring much ability and most employees could be trained so it was not absolutely 'necessary to have one hundred per cent con trol over the advancement of the employees, although he said they had displaced many employees for working unsafely. The question was asked whether or not the companies had .written or verbal safety instructions. The chairman reported that they had job analysis made by Industrial Engineers, and also the foreman is responsible for job in structions. Some of the delegates stated they thought there is a lack of on the job training. Delegate: In our company we do not fill any position with an untrained employee. We have' written into the contract that employees who are selected to fill a position would be-paid the new job rate while bring trained, consequently we keep a- trained em ployee on the job . until the employee wbo is bring advanced is properly trained. Delegate: How. could a trained employee bekept-ontbe job when an employee leaves without notice? - r' ? : 22 Pulp and Paper Industry The answer was that some companies have a labor crew who have been trained on all the jobs and they are used on this job until a new employee has been properly trained. thing should be done for the men. with disabilities. However, the unions would not agree that these men should waive their seniority for advancement The chairman reported that the next step after the training of the employees is to check the results by. audit and of course by the accident record. Chairman: How many companies have to accept employees for the next job without taking into consideration the qualifications? It was the consensus that most companies could stop the advancement of employees lacking necessary qualifications. Delegate: Are there handles on the market for steam hoses? Delegate: We use a one-quarter inch sash cord wrapped around the steam pipe and have eliminated hand burns. Procedures for tagging safety switches were discussed. It was agreed that the tag system was fair, but the locking out of these switches with padlocks was a more positive and consequently, a safer method. Delegate: Our company advances the next employee in line for the job, but we have to post, regardless. Delegate: In our company the union in sists that the employees be advanced by their seniority rights. Delegate: Do all the companies, repre sented here, have to post for production jobs? Delegate: Our company does not post for jobs in the production departments, but fol lows a regular line of promotion. Delegate: In our company all jobs are posted and everyone in the plant has a right to bid. Chainnan: I am -wondering how many of us have jobs that require abilities that most* employees do not have. Delegate: Truck drivers need, certain abil ities necessary for efficient and safe per formance. Since we instituted an Industrial Trade Program we can choose employees who have the necessary' qualifications. Delegate: Our company evaluates the physical and mental qualifications of all new employees, and those who do not meet our standards are limited to certain jobs. Considerable discussion was held In re gard to the loading of box cars. This was brought about by a lost time accident caused by an employee who was loading board in a box car by hand. Empty pallets were piled up and the employee stepped on these pallets to reach the top of the load The . employee got his leg caught between the slats in the pallet and broke his leg. It was the consensus that most companies loaded their box cars with power trades and the only hand loading was in the doorway and pallets were not used to stand on. Chainnan: How does the Engineering De partment; who does the designing of ma chinery and equipment, benefit by* your accident experience? Delegate: Our safety* mechanics make all of the guards and safety* equipment for all new equipment. Delegate: 1. All drawings are routed to the Safety Department before the job is approved. Z We give memoranda to our Engineering Department giving our accident experience so that in the future this will be incorporated in the design of the machinery. 3. The National Safety Council books on Safety are given to each engineer. Delegate: If an employee in our company suffers physical or mental disabilities and no longer can handle his job safely, the union hdps management find a job suitable for him. The question was asked as to the best, method for working out an agreement with the union for the purpose of limiting ad vancement of new employees with disabili ties. Some of the companies reported that this subject was discussed when veterans returned from World War II, and both the unions and the companies agreed that some* Delegate: Last year it was dedded that we would exchange accident information by sending all our disabling injury* reports to the chairman who would in turn have them reprinted and sent to the participating com panies. However, very* few reports were sent in and consequently we did not benefit from each other's accident experiences. Con siderable discussion was held on the subject A committee was appointed to work on this program for the purpose of improving the exchange of accident information. It was the consensus that the exchange of accident len. with rould not ie market inch sash pipe and switches t the tag : out of a more jethod. i in refins was accident y pallets spped on the load, between i leg. It nnpames neks and doorway on. ring Deot tnaly your make all t for all ouW _ lo : job is to our accident i will be ichinery. ooks on Insulation Manufacturing (Round Table Discussion) 23 information would be very valuable to Board Insulation Safety men. Delegate: What guards are used for the protection of drivers on bulldozers? One company stated that they designed their own and would be willing to let other companies have the drawings. G. E. Allen, Wood Conversion Company, past chairman, advised the committee that the Insulation Board Institute members had expressed appreciation for the activities of the Insulation Manufacturing Committee. He stated that throughout the year he had distributed additional copies of the Monthly Safety Contest Report to the various plant managers of die Insulation Board Institute. It was apparent this activity had increased their interest in safety. He recommended thtsjnactice be continued. He also suggested the exchange of dis abling accident reports be continued. He advised that throughout the year several companies bad been added to the Insulation Manufacturing Committee and there were still Insolation Manufacturers who should be included. It was recommended that ef forts be made to increase the membership of the committee by contacting these com panies, and the statistical committee be ap proached again remolding them that all addi tions to this group should be approved first by the Insulation Board Institute and then the chairman of this committee. There was considerable discussion held on the type of meeting that should be planned for the next Safety Congress. It was de cided that a few five minute safety reports on specific subjects would be assigned to certain companies to be given at die next meeting. .Jed that... ation by ports to ve them ng cora ls were t benefit es. Consubject : on this ing the It. was accident / Officers of the PULP AND PAPER SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1952-53 General Chairman--A. E. MINOR, Safety Supervisor, The Ontario-Minnesota Pulp and Paper Company, Ltd, Kenora, Ontario, Canada. Vice-Chairman & Program Chairman--ARTHUR CARLE, Safety Director, The North west Paper Company, Cloquet, Minn. News Letter Editor--DALLAS E. HENRY, Safety Coordinator, Southern Advance Bag and Paper Company, Hodge; La. Secretary & Membership Chairman--ERNEST B. LAMBTON, Safety Engineer, St. Regis Paper Company, New York; N. Y. Regional Membership Representatives--E. A. PAGE (Great Lakes), Safety Supervisor, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Keenah, Wis.; *H. P. HEUBNER (East), Insurance Manager, The Flintkote Company, New York, N. Y.; C C MacPIKE (South), Safety Director, St. Regis Paper Company, Pensacola, Fla.; ERNEST BUTCHER (West), Safety Engineer, Pioneer Division, The Flintkote Company, Los Angeles, Calif.; DOUGLAS B. CHANT (Canada), Secretary-Engineer,. The Ontario Pulp & Paper Makers' Safety Association, Toronto, Ontario, Can. Medical Advisor--XML JAMES D. STARK, Medical Director, Harmnennill Paper Com pany, Erie, Pa. Statistical Committee--GORDON LEMKE (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Employers' Mutual Liability Insurance Company, Wausau, Wis.; *R. W. CROUCHER, Safety Officer, Minnesota & Ontario Paper Company, International Falls, Minn.; LAMBERT LOUY, Safety Director, Container Corporation of America, Chicago, 111.; GEORGE R. MERRIMAN, Co-ordinator of Personnel & Safety, International Paper Company, Mobile, Ala.; W. H. McLAUGHLIN,' Director of Safety and .Sanitation, Lily-Tulip Cup Corporation, College Point, L. L, N. Y. Contest Committee--A. SCOTT DOWD (Chairman), President, Fritz Publications, Inc., Chicago, I1L; *J. FRED BERRY, Personnel Manager, Alton Box Board Company, Alton, 11L; *HARLEY B. GOODRICH, Maintenance & Safety Engineer, Strathmore Paper Company, West Springfield, Mass.; JAMES N. CONAWAY, Safety Manager; Scott Paper Company, Chester, Pa. Pulpwood Logging Krison--JOHN E. SCHUELER (Division Chairman), Safety Engineer, Consolidated Water, Power & Paper Co., Rhinelander, Wis. * Publications Committee--JOHN G. MADER (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Employers' Mutual Liability Insurance Company of Wisconsin, Ironwood, Mich.; HARRY H. JEFFERSON, Training Officer, American Pnlpwood Association, New York, N. Y.; G. K. EOLL, Personnel Manager, Marathon Paper Mills of Canada, Ltd., Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada. '' 25 Visual Aids Committee--FRED T. MORRISH (GhMnnaui). ^ CiSa&K&iGn^|t%ulP & Paper. Company, Ltd, Fort Frauds, Ontario,. Can.;. JOHN CURRIE, Personnd . Supdinteodent :- Great LSas sPapte iCjSmpany/ Limited, Ft^Waim^^JObtario, Can.; X C RODGERSON, Safety fiiratoi^Browii' Com^, $ Palp Manafactamig Drvisoti-^-F. O. SOtJGHTON'XDivisionVQiwnnSa)^ Servicesand Safety Supervisor, Loogfac Pulp and Paper Company, Ltd, Terrace Bay, Ontario, Can. Publications Committee--D. V. HILL (Chairman), Safety Director, Tie Mead Corpora tion, Kingsport, Term.; A. S. COOK Secretary-Manager, Quebec Pulp & Paper Safety Association, Inc, Quebec, P.Q, Can.; W. S. MOSSMAN, Safety Supervisor, The Great Lakes Paper Mills Limited,. Fort William, Ontario, Can.; G. A. OKERLUND, Safety Director, Puget Sound Pulp & Timber Co, Bellingham, Wadi. ; ;. Visual Aids Committee--MARION L. HODGES (Chairman), Safety Director, )Vest Virginia Palp and Paper Company, North Charleston, Sooth Carolina; E. J. MARQUARDT, Safety Director, National Container Corporation, Tomahawk, Wisconsin; GEORGE S. NELSON, Claims & Safety Manager,.Gooso!idated Water Power;&Paper Company, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis.; RUSSELL BELL, Safety Director, Crossett Paper Mills, Crosset, Ark. Paper Manufacturing Division--FRANCIS H. WAGNER, (Division Chairman), Di rector of Safety, The Mead Corporation, Chifficothe, Ohio. r Publications Committee--ROBERT K. MEREDITH (Chairman), Safety Director, West Virginia Palp and Paper Company, Tyrone, Pa.; OTTO SHERMAN; Safety Stpervisor. Mill Division, Gaylord Container Corporation, Bogalhsa, Louisiana;!!. B. WELSH Safety Supervisor, P. H. Glatfelter,.Spring Grove; Pa.; G R. JOHNSTON, Personnd and Safety Director, Cornell Paperboard Predicts Compaity Cpnid^ Wis. Visual Aids Committee--JAMES. N. CONAWAY (Chairman), Safety Manager, .Scott Paper Gwupany, Chester, Pd; HOWARD H. DYKE; Safety and Pdsonnd, Interna tional Paper Company, Glenn Falls, N. Y. ^ROBERT J. GELL Staff Assistant Paper Mill, Paper Mill Division, Eastman Kodak . Cdmpaity, Kodak Park, Rochester, New York; G. RUSSELL LEONHARD, Director of Safety, Peterson Parchment Paper Company, Bristol, Pa.; JOHN G KEEGIN, Safety Supervisor, Natipinal Cbotainer Corporation, Jacksonville; Fla. Paper Converting Division--ROBERT W. GRAY (Division Chairman); Safety Direc tor, Union Bag and Paper Corporation, Savannah, Ga. Bag Manufacturing Committee--R.: G. BELKNAP (Chairman), Personnd Manager, Bends Brothers Bag Company, St Louis, Mo.; MARTIN MANEY, Dir. of Training, St Regis Paper Company, Pensacola, Fla. r . :J Box Manufacturing Committee--A O. VRANEK (Chairman), Safety Director, Ccmtainer Corporation of America, Chicago, I1L; G. J. BIENVENU, General Superintendent, Container Division, Gaylord Container Corporation, Bogalusa, La. .r' ..... ; ),S-i i.t; Roofing Manufacturing Committee--HUGH.-JACKSON (Chairman), Manager of Safety and Training; The Johns-Manville Cbrporation, New York N.\.^;.;'lH6MAS S. TOBIN, Asst Safety IHrector, Lloyd A. Fry Roofing Company, Summit, HL; FRED- 26 ....iiii Personnel ri<V Can.; vil lad ario, Can. Corporaler.SaietT TheGreat D,.Safety tor, y/ J.;MARiftscoosm; rv&Paper sett Paper nan), Di- tdr, West tyStqreri R. B. CNSTON, neR Wis. *. Scott ,- .I*.n<twenra- n$ ^per ste Je Container tyDirec ERICK SCHULZE, 'Directory. of ^laaustrial |P^ations^ TbcRuberojd. Company, Joliet; I1L; AT W. SMITH Persc*md&Service Manager, Bird and Son, Inc., East Walpole; Mass.; CARL L. EDDINS, Assistant Insurance Manager, The FUntkot^ Co, New York, N. YJ -................... 3H > *v-i ~ ? "" ''''' / ` ' : - Insulation Manufacturing Committee--AMOSS: KEAN^(Chaiiinaii), Safety Director, Armstrong. Cork Company, Lancaster, . Pa. ; RUSSELL BLUM, Safety Director, The Flintkote Co., Meridian, Miss. Specialties Manufacturing ' ` Committee--VTHCENT P. COULON (Chairman), Safety Director, The Sealnght Gompany, Inc, Fulton, N. Y.; A. J. HOMBLETTE, SafetySupervisor, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin; W. L. LAUER, Safety . Director, Dixie Cup Company, Easton, Psl . Past General Chairmen--GEORGE J. ADAMS, international Paper Company, Glens Falls, N. Y-, 1936-38; ROBERT M; ALTMAN, Maratixm Corporation, Rothscbild,Wis, 1919-20; J. FRED BERRY, AltoriBo* BoardXnavpaas, Altai, HL, 1943-44; CLAY- . TON O. BRAATZ, L. Bamburgcr & Company.Newafk, N, J, 1941-42; D. B. CHANT, Ontario Palp & Paper Makers Safely Association, Toronto, Ontario, Can, 1939^41; R. W. CROUCHER, Minnesota & OntariojPaper Company, International Falls, Minn, 1948-49; C L. R. DOUGHERTY, Assistant Manager, -Indnstrial Relations, "Union Bag & Paper Corporation, Savannah, - Georgia,. 1950-51; KENNETH L. FAIST, The Champion Paper & Fibre Company, Hamilton, Ohio, 1928-29; WALTER A. GLEASON, Hammennill Paper Company, Erie, Pa,1921-22; H. B. GOODRICH, Maintenance & Safety Engineer, Strathmore Paper Company, West Springfield, Mawt , 1951-52; E...E. GRANT. The Crystal Tissue Company, Middletown,Ohio, .1935-36; . GEORGE W. HARPER, University of THinoRUrbana^ 111, 1949-50; H. P. HEUB NER, The Fiintkote Company, New Yorici N. Y, '1947-48; M. G. HOYMAN, . Kimberly-Gark Corporation, Neenah, Wis, 1924-23; E A PAGE, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wis, 1946-47; G. W. PHILLIPS, The Champion Paper & Fibre Company, Canton, N. G,. 1923-24; J. J. PLZAK, Consolidated Water Power & Paper. Company, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis, 1931-33; SAMUEL PRUYN. Finch, Pnom &. Company, Inc* Glens Fails, N. Y, 1929-30; ROLAND W. RICHARD SON, The Gardner Board and Carton Company, Lodcland, .Ohio, 1942-43; S. F. shuttuck, 1915-16; l r. simpson,1944-46; george e. Williamson, Strathmore Paper Company, West Springfield, Mass, 1916-18,1920-21. . Staff Representative--FRANKLIN G. PATER National Safety Council, Hiiragn in ..*;v xi'-.Mi Training, Container inteudent, ii-~W j j; af;.Safety (MAS & ; FRED- ' j ' yiv;;Vif Iti Other Volumes in this Series Users of this volume will find much value in its companion volumes. Here is die list: TITLE VOLUME No. General Sessions and Detailed-Index to all Volumes........................................................... 1 Aeronautical Industries............................................................................................................ 2 Air Transport Industry............................................................................................................ 3 Automotive and Machine Shop Industries............................................................................... 4 Cement and Quarry Industries................................................................................................ 5 Chemical Industries ................................................................... 6 Coal. Mining Industry.............................................................................................................. 7 Construction Industry .............................................................................................................. 8 Electrical Equipment Industry....................... 9 Farm Safety.................................................................................................................................10 Food Industry ............................................................................................................................. 11 Glass and Ceramics Industry..................................................................... 12 Home Safety............................................................................................................................... 13 Industrial Nursing......................................................................................................................14 Industrial Subject Sessions (Sponsored by ASSE).................................................................1$ Maritime Industries (Marine Section)................................... .......*.......... 16 Meat Packing, Tanning and Leather Industries.......................................................................17 Metals'Industry........................................................................................................................... 18 Mining Industry ......................................................... *...........................................................19 Motor Transportation Industry (Commercial Vehicle Section).............................................20 Petroleum Industry ..................................................................................... 21 Power Press and Forging Operations.......................................................................................22 Printing and Publishing Industry..................................... 23 Public Employment (Public Employees Safety Committee)___ `........................................24 Public Utilities Industries............................................................................................................ 25 Pulp and Paper Industry.............................................................................................................26 Railroad Industry........................................................................................................................27 Rubber Industry .............. 28 School and College Safety...................................... 29 Textile Industry' .......................................................................................................................30 Traffic. Safety ............................. 31 Transit Industry ...................................................................................................................... 32 Wood Products Industries...................... 1............ '................................................................ 33 Safety and Its Relationship to Personality.................................. 34 PRICES OF EXTRA COPIES OF INDIVIDUAL VOLUMES TO MEMBERS VOLUME SIZE lto9 copies Each 10 to 99 copies Each 100 to 999 copies Each lOOOormore Each Less than 24 pages-- $0.29 24 to 48 pages-- .35 49 to 96 pages-- .46 Over 96 pages-- .69 $0.23 29 .40 .63 $0.17 23 25 .58 $0.17 23 . .35 -58 Complete set of Transactions (34 vols.)--$6.90 (1 to 9 copies), 6^0 (10 to 99 copies), 5.70 (100 or more copies). NON-MEMBER prices are double member prices, except volumes 1% 13, 29 and 31. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 NOKTH MICHIGAN AYE. CHICAGO II. ILL. PRINTED IN U.S.A. 28 2M3S302