Document XRk1QjNw7dVMDa8xvpkwDvreK

CH EM -W EAR Inc. Telephone: GRamercy 5-2308 740 BRO ADW AY, N EW YO RK 3, N. Y. December 22, 1949 Dr. R. A. Khoe Kettering Laboratory Dniv. Cincinnatti College of Medicine Dincinnatti 19, Ohio Dear. Dr. Kehoe: At the suggestion of Dr. Clyde Berry, of Esso Standard Dll, New Jersey, I am writing to you regarding clothing which we Delieve may be de-contam.ina.ted after contact with lead, tetro dethy1 . According to the opinion of the chemists of Standard Oil, a 2Cffo solution of HCL at a boil should make sufficient chem ical change in the lead to make it soluable in ordinary washings. Our tests show very little deterioration at the end of 20 hours submerssion in a 3 solution of HCL at lOOo C. It is our b e l i e f that if this t y p e fa b r i c was to be used in clothing for your workers, the contaminated clothing could be subjected to a xvashing in HCL and then laundered by ordinary methods. This should mean a considerable savings in dollars and tents, due to the lower need of replacement garments. We are taking the liberty of sending.you our chemical report. We are also having the Mill send you some sample fabric ifor testing. We hope that this will be of interest to you, and that we can have the pleasure of working with you on this problem .in the future. Very sincerely yours, KFS/pd Kt 0020316 I B e t t e r Fa b r i c s T e s t i n g B u r e a u . In c . n e w y d r k Chem-Waar, Inc. 740 Broadway New York City CCG-1482 REPORT OF EFFECT OF SPECIFIED CHEMICALS ON "CHEM-WEAR" FABRIC toe heavy duck identified as "Chem-Wear*' Was submitted for tests to determine the resistance of this jnmersion in various chemical reagents. Tests for visual appearance, shrinkage and deterioration at ind concentrations showed the followings igaggaifi )RIGINAL [CONTROL) Cono Tempt Percent Shrinkage Warp Fill jog-- --- - -- ---- IsnaiJA,. Siieng&L. In Pounds Warn Fill- 391 383 Percent Loss Or Gain Ip Strength t o mir 2-- ---- LCETIC ICID 100 90 1.0/ 0.0 356 363 9.0- 5.2- LEACHED [n a c l o 2) -- -- -- - 0.0 0.0 408 359 4.4/ 6.3- ALCIUM HL0RIDE 50 100 0.0 0.0 373 379 4.6- 1.0- Percent tien.. Warp Fill- 82 47 Percent Rangas-- Man Or Loss Earn m i s iSE_ ------ -- - 89 41 8.5/ 12.8- 85 43 3.7/ 8,5- 82 48 0,0 2,1/ * Refer to color identification chart for staining or approximate appearance. - Equals loss. 4 Equals gain. ikaggnka I__ . less* fisaa* l ![io.o ' Tensile Emaa&~. jlkaagth. i.aEganfe.- lam EUJh tee ri,n- AM-- ing .CARBON TETRA CHLORIDE 100 45 0.0 0.0 383 370 CHLOROFORM 100 55 0.0 0.0 380 361 CHROMIC ACID CHROMIC ACID CHROMIC ACID CHROMIC ACID CHROMIC ACID CHROMIC ACID CYCLO- HEZMOHE 50 100 0.0 0.5/ 131 118 50 50 0.0 0.0 352 315 50 25 0.0 0.0 362 331 25 100 0.0 0.0 232 218 25 50 0.5/ 0.0 376 322 25 25 0.5/ 0.0 381 336 100 100 # Refer to color identification chart for staining or appj - Equals loss. / Equals gain* P^cenJL. Cain In,.. 2Q2 tX 11= Percent IHanga-T. ___ I m m jJJw lag__ Psrceat Elonsa- .... tlon.Galn Or Loss Warp Fill ing-.. & m M 2 S -- _____ After. 20 Hour Immersion *Chnnfre0 Frotu MfizMr ration Original Color To 2,0- 3.1- 81 2,8- 5,8- 85 66,5- 69.2- 15 10.0- 17.8- 82 7.4- 13.6- 75 40,7- 42.6- 82 3.3- 15.9- 88 2,6-- 12.3- 72 100.0- 100.0- ---- oximate appearance 36 1.2- 23.4- Hone Slightly lighter 42 3.7/ 10.6- None Slightly lighter 11 81.7- 76. 5 Stiffer Blaokish. j Brown 44 0.0 6.4- None Chocolate Brown 32 8.5- 31.9- None Golden Brown 47 0.0 0,0 None Blaokish Brown 40 7.3/ 14*9-- None Chocolate Brown 34 --- 12.2- 27.6- None Golden Brown 100.0-100,0- Decomposed Amber Gelatinous Mass Bsaggafea CYCLO HEXANONE % Temp. Gone. 100 50 Percent. Shrinkage Warp Fill- ine ** ""*" Tensile Strength In Pounds Warp m i z ins -. Percent Loss Or Gain In &SQSt Warp fill- ine . Percent El onera- tion l a m Flll- i g- Percent Eloneation Gain Or L o s s . S m i = iru? 10 0 .0- 10 0 ,0- 100,0- 100, CYCLO HEXANONE 100 25 0.5/ 0.0 208 302 46.8 2 1.1- 38 34 53.7- 27.6 FERRIC 70 100 1.0/ 0.0 296 306 24.3- 20,1- 38 38 53.7- 19.1 CHLORIDE FERRIC 70 50 CHLORIDE 0.0 0,0 360 360 7.9- 6 ,0- 82 a 0.0 12 .8 FERRIC 70 25 CHLORIDE 0.0 0,0 365 374 6,7- 2.3- 79 45 3.7- 4.3- FERRIC 25 100 0.5/ 0.0 338 3X8 I3.6-- 9 *0- 78 41 4.9- 12 .8 CHLORIDE FERRIC 25 50 CHLORIDE 0.0 0.5/ 363 378 7.2- 1.3- 84 48 2.4/ 2.1/ FERRIC 25 25 CHLORIDE 0.0 0.0 390 387 0 *3-- 1 .0/ 86 46 4.94/ 2.1- * Refer to color identification chart for staining or approximate appearance. - Equals loss. / Equals gain. K Z 0020320 Reagents FORMAL DEHYDE GASOLINE (MIITE) % Temp,. SfiiPQt 2.Qq__ Percent Shrinkage lEB m i r lfig=_ Tensile Strength IslEsuM s Warp Fill- ine AO 90 1.0/ 0.5/ 3A 382 100 68 0.0 0.0 380 368 HYDRO- A8 100 1.5/ 1.5/ 360 3A6 BROMIC ACID HYDRO 38 100 1.0/ 1.0/ 393 37A CHLORIC ACID HYDRO 100 FLUORIC ACID ------ , --- . -- 386 37A HYDRO 50 --- 389 37A FLUORIC ACID HYDRO 25 FLUORIC ACID HYDRO 15 FLUORIC ACID -- -- 388 372 --- <"*-" ** , 390 380 HYDRO 10 FLUORIC ACID -- ---- -- 390 381 LIGRQIN 100 (PET. ETHER) METHYL ETHYL 100 KETONE AO 100 0.0 0,0 ---- 378 392 ---- METHYL ETHYL 100 KETONE 50 0.0 0,0 259 310 * Refer to color identification chart for staining or Percent Loss Or Strength : HU- 1*8- 03.- 2,8- 3.9- 7,9- 9.4- 0.5/ 2.3- Percent Percent ELonea- iAfinJ&flin tlP-S__ Or Loss Warn Pill- Warn Fill- ins . ins Appearance After ^0 Hour___ Immersion Visible. Changea Deterie- From Original ration Color To 86 45 4.9/ 4.3- Hone Noticeably* : lighter i 82 41 0,0 12,8- None Slightly lighter | i 82 39 0.0 17.0- None Light Brown 1 89 46 8.5/ 2.1- Hone Brown 1.3- 2.3- -- -- --- -- Hone No change 0,7-- 2.3- -- ---- Hone No change 0.8- 2.8- -- ---- -- None No change 0 N> 1 0,8 -- ,, -- -- - Hone No change 0.2- 0.5 -- -- ------ - -- Hone No change 3.3- 2.3/ 90 100,0- 100.0- ------ - 35 ------- . 9.8/ 25.6- None Slightly lighter 100.0- 100.0- Decomposed Brown Mass 33.7- 19.1- 79 37 approximate appearance. 3.7- 21.2- Some de composi tion Lighter. Orange warp thread at partially \ \ HE 0020321 Rg&ggQtg %... Temp. pong. Esrsent__ Warp 1U s ing. METHYL ETHYL 100 'k e t o n e 25 0.5/ 0.0 NITRIC ACID 70 80 --- -- NITRIC ACID NITRIC ACID 70 50 70 25 ***-*---- Tensile St eBP gflL. In Pounds S&B m Jb Am _ 372 343 EgKgSBfr., Lop_Q-. &&2L&* && lu x t m= ABS-- 4.9- 10.4- Percent tion it o 90 i r uz 39 -- 100.0- 100.0- -- -- ---- 100.0- 100.0- -- -- -- ----- - 100,0- 100.0- -- --- Percent ElongafelP?}..gala or Loss Warn m i = ipg 9.8/ 17,0 100.0- 100. 100.0- 100, 100,0- 100, NITRIC ACID 30 80 0.0 0.0 355 341 9.2- 11,0- 78 45 4*9- 4.3- NITRIC ACID 20 80 0.0 0.0 362 351 7 .4 - 10.2- 75 a 8.5- 12.8 NITRIC ACID 20 50 0.0 0,0 375 365 4.1- 4.7- 90 45 9*8/ 4.3- NITRIC ACID 20 25 0.0 0.0 386 384 1 .3 - 0.3/ 86 45 4.9/ 4.3- NITRIC ACID 5 80 0.5/ 0.0 362 360 7.4- 6.0-- 94 48 14.6/ 2.1/ NITRIC ACID 5 50 0.5/ 0.0 380 377 2 .8 - 1.6-- 80 45 2.4- 4.3- NITRIC ACID 5 25 0.0 0.0 390 381 0.3- 0.5- 82 46 0.0 2.1- * Refer to color identification chart for staining or approximate appearance. - Equals loss. / Equals gain. .1 K*" 0020322 Baaggnftp 1 ___ Cone. PLEIC ACID 100 OXALIC ACID 50 PERCHLORO- 100 ETHYLENE PHENOL 5 100 100 100 100 '. EscsfirtL. Shrlfikflge Barp Eillr lag-- 0.0 0.5/ Tensile Strength. In Pounds t o mir iS_ 372 399 P9.rp.SBt,.. Loss Or Gain, In Strength t o mir lag...... Percent gjoMz tign-,.. Warp m i r -Ing. 4.9- 4.2/ 82 49 figment M Elonga- Or Loss t o mir IM. 0.0 4.3/ 1.5/ 0,0 368 388 5,9- 1.3/ 90 45 9.8/ 4.3- 1.0/ 1.0/ 355 359 9.2- 6.3- 84 40 2,4/ 14.9 0.0 0.0 209 204 46.5- 46,8- 72 35 12.2- 25,6 PHENOL " 5 50 1.0/ 0.5/ 240 249 38.6- 35.0- 75 33 8,5- 29.8 PHENOL 5 25 0,0 0.0 302 340 22,7- 11.2- 80 35 2.4- 25.6 PHOSPHOPJC 85 ACID 100 0.5/ 0.5/ 388 361 0,8- 5.7- 85 45 SILVER 30 100 1.5/ 0.5/ 105 142 73.0- 62.9- 5 NITRATE 5 SILVER 30 50 0.0 ' 0.5/ 347 362 11.2- 5.5- 82 NITRATE 40 SILVER 30 25 0.0 0.0 358 371 8.4- 3.1- 84 NITRATE 46 SODIUM 50 BICHROMATE 100 0.0 0.0 351 355 10.2- 7.3- 86 43 * Refer to color identification chart for staining or approximate appearance. - Equals loss. / Equals gain. 3.7/ 4.393.9- 89.5 0,0 14.9 2,4/ 2.14.9/ 8.5- K 0020323 Ressents SODIUM HYDROXIDE It___ Temp. Cone. C, 50 100 Percent. Shrinkage. EaiP Fill signsagai 0.5/ 0,0 Tensile Stesng&b. Warn Fillins 320 310 Percent LgBP.OiL. Pain fri. Strength Warn m i = im 18,2- 19.1- Percent gisngto tion Warp Fill- ing . Percent Elonga- . Or Loss Eli ine S3 34 1*2/ 27*6 SODIUM 30 100 0,0 0.0 362 344 7,4- 10.2- 83 44 1.3/ 6.4-- HYDROXIDE SODIUM HYDROXIDE 5 100 0.0 0,0 373 353 4*6-- 6.5-- 86 44 4.9/ 6,4- STEM , 0.0 (15 lbs. Pressure One Hour) 0.0 405 390 3,6/ 1.8/ 90 a 9.8/ 12.8 STODDARD SOLVENT 100 90 0.5/ 0.0 368 350 5.9- 8.6- 82 36 0.0 23.4 SULFURIC ACID 96 100 |~--- ' _ ... 100,0- 100.0- -- - ; 100.0- 100. SULFURIC 96 50 ACID --- -- -- --- 100.0- 100.0- -- -- - 100.0- 100. SULFURIC 70 100 -- ACID --* -- ---- 100*0- 100.0- ---- -- r 100,0" 100. SULFURIC 70 50 ACID 0.0 0.0 330 355 15.6- 7.3- 80 40 2.4- 14*9 SULFURIC 25 100 0.0 0.0 377 363 3.6- 5.2- 82 48 0.0 2.3/ ACID * Refer to color identification chart for staining or approximate appearance. - Equals loss* / Equals gain. fiaigggfca SULFURIC ACID SULFURIC ACID SULFURIC ACID 0020324 1 ____ Temp, Cone. ^ cT Percent Shimkage Warp m i s 25 50 0,0 0.0 Tensile Strength In Pounds Warp m i s In g-- 386 365 Percent hoes or . fi& lB-lSL Warp Fill1B&-- 1.3- 4.7- Percent Eloneation Warp m i s .4,n e.... Percent Ilaaea: tion Gain Or Loss Ep m i = 84 48 2.4/ 2.1/ 5 100 0 .5/ 0.0 389 362 0.5- 5.5- 78 42 4.9- 10,6 I o 5 50 0,0 0,5/ 384 364 1.8- 86 46 4.9/ 2.1-- * Refer to color identification chart for staining or approximate appearance. - Equals loss. / Equals gain. EVALUATION OF TEST RESULTS ' K & 00203 Results of above tests show the reagents have the following effect on the "Chem-Wear" fabri ration, elongation, visible deterioration and change in shade from the original color after hours at the specified temperatures and concentrations. The "Chem-Wear" fabric showed NO SHRINKAGE whatsoever and practically no change in dimensio hour immersion in each of the above reagent concentrations at spedified temperatures, after of Steam pressure for one hour or after prolonged bleaching at boiling temperature. Slight material was noted after immersion in some of the reagents but this gain in no instance exc that the fabric possesses dimensional stability to above conditions. Tests show the fabric to possess excellent resistance to decomposition by most chemicals wi total decomposition at higher concentrations and temperatures, and only four others showing excess of 20$ as evaluated by tensile strength tests after the 20 hour reagent immersion. fabric was totally decomposed by only the following reagents at the following concentration Concentration QC, Temperatu Cyclohexanone . Cyclohexanone Methyl Ethyl Ketone Nitric Acid Nitric Acid Nitric Acid Sulfuric Acid ' Sulfuric Acid Sulfuric Acid 100 100 100 70 70 70 96 96 70 100 50 . 100 80 50 25 100 50 100 In addition to the above complete deterioration the "Chem-Wear" fabric also showed deterior of 20$ or over by treatment with the following reagents: Concentration C. Temoeratu Chromic Acid Chromic Acid . Cyclohexanone Ferric Chloride Methyl Ethyl Ketone Phenol Phenol Phenol 50 25 100 70 100 5 5 5 100 . 100 25 100 25 100 50 25 The other 44 determinations on the remaining 18 reagents showed deteriorations below 20$ with th loss in some instance no doubt being due to strength variations in the fabric itself rather than deterioration as the results reported are based on the average of two warp and two filling break of sufficient fabric to make a complete strength test. The Bureau would rather report the strength average on a greater number of breaks as the results may be either higher or lower due to, strength variations on this type fabrio than would be found averaging a greater number of tensile breaks. Elongation tests showed either slight increases or decreases in elongation in the majority of in noted, however, that a stiffening of the material by the reagent also decreased the pliability a An examination of the reagent treated samples showed that many of the reagents stained or carbon with the alteration or change in shade being as noted in report. Visible deterioration was shown by only several samples and was discerned mostly by stiffness or and discoloration of individual threads by Cyclohexanone or Methyl Ethyl Ketone. A summary of test results show the followings ' That the "Chea-Wear" fabric does not shrink after immersion for 20 hours in 26 specifi reagents at various concentrations and temperatures. That only four of the specified reagents totally decomposed the fabrio. That only fou other reagents will deteriorate the "Chom-Wear" fabric in excess of a 20$ loss in strength and this occurring only at higher concentrations or a combination of high concentration and temperature. That the reagents in most instances do not appreciably affect the fabric's pliability and hand, but that a stiffening or loss of pliability also showed a loss in elongation of the fabric as well as in tensile strength. April 27, 1949 BETTER, FABRICS TESTING BUR fS < B. Rioux, Chemist 2Miii2SiS2I XfflftflUQ Strength METHOD OF TEST . The fabrics were conditioned for fou hour8 in an atmosphere of 65% relati humidity at 70 degrees Fahrenheit temperature before testing. Made by the strip method where each test specimen was stripped to one in or 76 ends in the warp and 24 picks the filling, subjected to the variou reagents as shown above and then bro three inches between jaws using thre inch front jaws, three inch back jaw with speed of moving jaw 12 inches pe minute.