Document XRB8xbm259JLqNZVgYV0GgzqR

FILE NAME: Philip Carey (PC) DATE: 1963 Sept 23 DOC#: PC034 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Unpublished Report by Dr. Mancuso RE Occupational Health Program ':' r -f /- ; ; THE P H IL IP CAREY MANUFACTURING COMPANY OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAM THOMAS F . MANCUSO, K .D .M .P .H . SEPTEMBER 23, 1963 ~r<; -- , ^tj 1 V ' Ai" l i A l U i l ' i i u u . t -,A.x^\^/ j. -- B U I L D I ItN 6 M A T E R I A L S INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS CINCINNATI 15, OHIO T E L E P H O N E : 821-3000 C A B LE ADDRESS "PH ILC AYCO" Septem ber 23, 1953 crcv/.n o :'A L health program FOLLOi.TKC- AF THE C l FEI VAllOM S OF THE CGMPAKY' S MEDICAL COHSULIASiT, THOMAS F . MA OL!SO; TO PREFACE A COHFERENCE KITH MAUAGEMEiJT SCHEDULED 5OR FRPTEMBFR El? , 1963. IT I S UMSRSTOOD THAT THE COHTE.iTS OF TH IS REPORT ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL A M ARE EOT TO RE USED FOR ARY PURPOSE CTHRR TEAR CONSIDERATION BY THE O FF IC IA LS OF THE COMPANY. TH IS I M R " NATION SHOULD Pi; LAIN WITHIN THE KMOi.'LEDGE OF TiiS PERSONS gAP.TICIPAT 1HO- IE THE CONFERENCE A M SHOULD HOT OTHERWISE PS D IS SE R T A T E D . li'lAY .r:z THE IMMEDIATE AM) LQKG-RANGE GOALS? R AT ARE THE RECORME M AXIOMS TO ACCOMPLISH THEM? S :JCLD THE co m pa n y d o ?_______________________________ ___ T hose e r e i\ e v ic t io n s posed a t th e l a t e s t c o n fe r e n c e T ilth M r. L o u is K n ip p a , Lockic.r.1 .it RR a: _ a r , M r. L . A . P e c h s t e i n , A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y , M r. K a r l F . K r ie g , E vpleyc R e la tio n s M anager, M r. R. J . P re s to n , S a fe ty S u p e rv iso r, and M r. John T . C ._n ilo n , C o n su ltin g A ctu a ry , which ca y serve a s a b a s is fo r p o in ts o f re fe r e n c e and c l a r i f i c a t i o n . I t would be p r e fe r a b le to review t h is re p o rt in i t s e n t ir e t y p r io r to d iscu ssin g any o f the s p e c ific areas referred to in order to evaluate the in te r m it tio n rh ip o f the vario us fa c to r s m entioned. -2 - Que s tio n A. VJhat are the in c e d ia te and long-ran, e ^a: t 1. Id e n t ify and e v alu a te the chem icals and s s t o r ia le in the working, environ:;ant which ara hazardous to h e a lth o f the e:..ploye?, which way cause an o ccu p a tio n al d ise a se o r in ju r y , i n the Lockland p la n t , and su bseq uen tly, in each o f the o th er p la n ts and o p e r a tio n s, in c lu d in g the Canadian mining and p ro cessin g o f a sb e sto s . T h is should be conceived and c a r rie d out as a r a t t e r o f company p o lic y , re co g n isin g th a t th ere should be no n o g lc c t- o f o ther company op eration s and th a t an o v e r - a ll view o f the s it u a t io n r u s t be obtained. 2. Development o f p r i o r i t i e s o f r is k o f h e a lth hazard and l i a b i l i t y fo r cask o f the company p la n ts and w ith in these p la n t s , accord in g to departm ents, m anufacturing process and s p e c i f i c o p e ra tio n s. 3 . D a te m in e the c o n tr o l r.ensures re q u ired , e n gin eerin g and m e d ica l, accord in g to the p r io r it y o f r is k to the employes and the company, fo r each r f th eca o p eration s and m anufacturing p ro cesses; determ ine and d e sign the v en tilatio n requirem ents fo r the s p e c if ic o p e ra tio n a l hac a r d s . 4 . Determine the nature and e x te n t o f the a i r p o llu t io n problems derived from company o p e r a tio n s, a t a l l lo c a t io n s , beginning a t th e Locklend p la n t , and th e c o n tr o l measures s p e c i f i c a l l y required and designed f o r these s it u a t io n s . 5 . Determine the nature end e x te n t o f the o ccu p a tio n al d ise a se pro'--}.e a inn c .li a t e ly and p ro je cte d on a con pr ay-m ice b a s is , bagin nin g w ith the Im chin.-d p la n t and extending to a l l o th e r o p e ra tio n s. 6 . Evaluate' the n a tu re , adequacy, range and scope o f The P h ilip Co ray M anufacturing Company's r e s p o n s ib ilitie s fo r i t s employes' h e a lth , p h y sical exar/.inations, d i s a b i l i t i e s , f i r s t - a i d and m edical c a r e , th e co st a sso cia te d rifch present operations in te n ts o f employe p r o te c tio n , compensation l i a b i l i t y , and e f f e c t on p ro d u ctio n . T his in clu d e s e v a lu a tio n o f p o lic ie s and procedures pertaining to sickn ess, return to ruck, s p e c ific te s ts , use of P ickn sss in su ra n ce , r a d ic a l and production proble.:.^ r e la t in g to a lco h o lis m , r e n t a l i l l n e s s , h eart d is e a s e and o th er iuipe.iri-.ents and handicaps; p a tte rn s or r e f e r r a ls fo r tre.atr-.ent, and typ es o f m edical cx-amir- Lions require-"* -lb anu s p e c if ic o ccu p a tio n al groups. 7. Develop a system o f m edical records and s ir v o .illa n c e on a o . . v id e t e s i s , in c lu d in g a l l p la n ts and ecu puny o p eration s r e la t iv e to t* e h e a lth sta tu s arid d i s a b i l i t i e s o f a l l employes fo r the d e te c tio n o f dir-r.-ses ?-'-d i n j u r i e s , p a tte rn s o f sic k n e ss i n d iff e r e n t departments and operations, a "d fo x the i d e n t i f i c a t i o n and e a r ly re c o g n itio n o f problem s, the type o f problem and the lo c a t io n . 8. L iu aic.p a m edical program and prepare a . .1 p ro ce d u re s p e r c u in in g to ( 5 ) , (6) arid (7) on it r e la t e d to .s p e c i f i c pro bio.,, a and o c c u p a t io n a l person n el and p ro d u ctio n o b je c t iv e s . .vtnual o f co.-pany p o l i c i e s a com pany-wide b a s is and groups in co op eration w ith 9. prodiicts Sp ecific nu. e r s . E v a lu a te and do ta n .in s t o x ic o lo g ic a l o r h a m fu l e f f e c t s o f company o r components under v...riovs co n d itio n s o f use and a s used in i n s t a l l a t i o n s and o ccu p ation s b u ild in g s , in d u s fc ie s , e t c . by co n 10. Develop s a fe p ra c tice v e n tila tio n guides v ith i l lu s t r a t iv e draw ings, a s w e ll a s ?.ad i r a i g u id e l i n a t , f o r d i s t r i b u t i o n w ith s a l e s , f o r consum er p r o te c tio n and r e la t io n e , to .void added com pensation l i a b i l i t y by consum ers. 11. E v a lu a te o c c u p a tio n a l d is e a s e and in ju r y c la im s and i d e n t i f y nonl e g i t i r m t a c la im s and p rep a re s c i e n t i f i c d a t a a s may be r e q u ir e d i n th e proper ad ju d icatio n of c lc in e . k * * * Que s t i o n S , V'.'.z.t a r e th e re c o r ja e n d a tio n s to a c c o m p lis h th e s e o b j e c t i v e s ? 1 . Employ i i fie r e l y an e x p e r ie n c e d , q u a l i f i e d i n d u s t r i a l h y g ie n e e n g in e e r, co :.p aten t in the areas o f tha working environm ent and a i r p o llu t io n , to conduct tha unco e ry f-cydias and to c a r ry out th e r e s p o n s ib ilit ie s on a oor.pc.ny - v id e b a s ic f . v ( 1 ) , ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) , ( 4 ) , ( 9 ) , and ( I i ) r e f e r r e d t o p r e v io u s l y . I n i t i a l l y , th e >mrh i " to be d ir e c te d a t th e Lock lan d p l a n t , w ith a i r sam p lin g and v e n t ila t io n c o n i c f . d e sig n fo r o p e ra tio n s vri-thin th e p la n t end fo r a i r p o l l u t i o n r,,t:'-' i o o , : 'o r c o n t r o l m e a su re s. r.e g a ra irtc o f obvious dust exposure, a ir sam pling o f th e vario u s d u sts and c h e m ic a ls r u s t be c a r r ie d o u t and m easurem ents made o f th e c o n c e n tr a tio n and a n a ly se s o f the com position o f th e v a rio u s d u sts and fuv.es as b a s ic re fe re n c e d a ta in d e te m in in g the e x te n t and p r io r it y o f th e need, a s 'v e il a s fo r the e v a lu a tio n o f e ffe c tiv e n e s s o f c o n tr o l te a s u re s b e fo r e and a f t e r s t u d i e s . (C o V if.ra ctu ra l arran gem en ts p e r t a in in g t o v e n t i l a t i o n sy ste m s ca n fee i ude c c n ilr g s n t upon v e r ific a t io n o f e ffe c tiv e n e s s by the in d u s t r ia l hygiene engineer). In e d itio n , such data is e sse n tia l to the in te rp re ta tio n o f ccvipens: i J r c l r i r s . V iih o u t .such d a t a , th e company ca n n o t deny o r a f f ir m w h eth er o 'u i-' C to r i l i c a , t a l c , or a s b e s to s , o r o th e r o u s t s , fuu.es o r g a s e s , la d c c c u r i.-d, ar.i x\ -c. c o n c e n t r a t io n s , e t c . , a l l o f v k ic h have a b e a r in g i n d o i e r - i n i n ; w h ether a p:;c co-cs o r o c c u p a t io n a l e xp o su re ca n be c l a s s i f i e d a s h a r m fu l. I*: d o u b te -d ly , . \ny c la im s w i l l o c c u r i n th a f u t u r e , i n w h ich su ch be s i c t e c h n i c a l d a t a i s n e a re d . P a c t e x p e r ie n c e in o th e r in d u s t r ie s has shown lo s s e s o f hundreds o f thousands o f d o l l a r s , where d e c is io n s on v e n t ila t io n c o n tr o l m easures were not rude by q u a lifie d in d u s tr ia l hygiene en gin eers, but ra th e r by o th e rs, in c lu d in g e n g in ee rs c f f csapr.uy s a ilin g and in s t a ll i n g tha v e n t ila t io n equipm ent.  In tb s a re a o f a i r p o l l u t i o n , th a r a cusr.c to La c. lo c h . .renews by the company o f the fi n a n c ia l l i a b i l i t y th a t ir. a t sta k e in operations of The P h ilip Carey M a n u factu rin g Company p la n t s , as evidenced Ly th e la c k o f c o n t r o l 'e f f o r t . Although o n ly the Lockland p la n t has been observed, i t is evid en t th a t: A ir p o llu t io n d oss o ccu r and has occurred over th e y e a r s . E m issions from a s p h a lt and t a r o p e ra tio n s a re lib e r a te d in t o tb s surrounding cor.r..uni t y . bach tumas a r e kno'.-m to bs c a r c in o g e n ic (produces ca n ce r/ i n an L u a is ana hurran s. I f an in d iv id u a l in the neighboring coirrunity developed lung can cer, who was a r e s id e n t f o r a number o f y e a rs in th a t a r e a , th e company would have no s c i e n t i f i c o r le g a l b a s is to deny th e p o s s i b i l i t y th a t such lung ca n ce r could have occurred o r be due to the fu s e s front the Lockland p la n t. T here i s no L im it to th e amount o f money f o r such a i r p o llu t io n s u i t s . (Brush b e r y lliu m was sued f o r $750,000.03 in each, ca se ) A competent a tto r n e y and the c lim a te o f the c o u rts r e la t iv e to a i r p o llu t io n would ra k e th e s u c c e s s o f 'such s u i t s a d i s t i n c t p r o b a b i l i t y . S in c e t h i s one c a s e ca n be m u lt ip lie d many t in e s o ve r f o r t h e su rro u n d in g p o p u la tio n o f th e L ockland p la n t and th e problem s o f o th e r a re a s (w hich would not be a s c e r ta in e d u n t i l a su rvey was m ade), i t i s e v id e n t t h a t th e company needs to know, on a sound and re g u la r b a s is , the e re c t co n c e n tra tio n s are the id e n tity o f the v ario u s ch em icals d isp ersed by i t s p la n ts and th a t co n trib u ted by o th er in d u s tr ie s in the surrounding a re a s , to geth er w ith con.prahcastva d a ta on wind d i r e c t i o n , v e l o c i t y , e t c . U nless the company irariediately i n i t i a t e s each a program , i t v i i L not h :ve any d a ta from which a p o s s ib le d e fe n s e r a y be d e r iv e d . U n fo r tu n a t e ly , eh in fo rm a tio n i s no lo n g e r a v a ila b le fo r the proof-.` in g y e a r s . However, ; . ex p e rie n ce d i n d u s t r i a l h y g ie n e e n g in e e r may ir.-dirt e t l y , throu gh recorsscm i-uv o f p ro ce sse s and p r o d u c tio n , e s tim a te th e range and co m p o sitio n a s i t . _ .te c to p re se n t o p e r a t io n s , e t c . Lind d a ta o v e r th e p a s t y e ars car. be o b in i' ml from m e te o r o lo g ic a l s t a t i o n s . ) It i s l i . l y p o s s ib le th a t n it e r an adequate a p p r a is a l o f a l l tha co y :vy iq, rrn tio n s r e la t in g to o ccu p a tio n a l exposures and a i r p o llu t io n by the I .i u c t r i a l hygiene en gin eer and an in d u s t r ia l taodical c o n s u lt e n t , Tho P h i l i p Coray M anufacturing C e ,,cany ray fin d i t fin a n c ia lly d e sira b le to change re lo c a t e or d is c o n tin u e c e r t a in p rocesses and to re a p p ra ise fu r t h e r in vestm en ts in production changes at p a rtic u la r p lants there fu tu re l i a b i l i t y m y be e x ce ssiv e . The P h ilip Carey It w ithout such survey dot l ia b il it y in the future c o n tr o l. r e fu t`cu rin g Company i s not in a p o s it io n a t t h is t i n e , , tc appraise or determine the e xten t o f i t s fin a n c ia l or to 5 sake th e n ecessary immediate d e c is io n s on 2. Conduct r .-decal rtir' le s which have a d ir e c t bearing on s a le s o f the company 'products a c l lc g -1 l i a b i l i t y through a m edical d ir e c t o r , m edical co n su lta n t, u n iv ersity co n tra ct, or other arrangement. Tills re la te s to the q u e stio n s which e ra in e v it a b le and ' i l l be ra is e d by a l l u s e rs and consumers and in g e n e r a l, by the p u b lic , hr cause o f the accu m u lation c f re cen t s c i e n t i f i c rep o rts showing tho p u n itiv e ecu m otio n between asb estos and cancer o f the lu n g , p le u ra and peritoneum . In a d d itio n to c a n c e r , p o s it iv e a s s o c ia t io n a ls o e x is t s w ith Cor pul: curio (rig h t heart fa ilu r e due to the fib r o s is o f the lun gs) pulmonary cruhysena (which fo llo w s f i b r o s i s ) , ch ro n ic b r o n c h it is , b r o n c h ie c ta s is and p;::u: o r .i t i s . As a consequence, th e re i s a fo rm id a b le a rra y o f m ed ical problem.c cou' b *in g reco gn ized as d i r e c t l y r e la te d to a sb e sto s exposure. Some o f the quo cio n s posed and to be r e a d ily a n t ic ip a t e d n a t io n a lly are: bo th ree r.-.'burc.u prod ucts o r t h i s p a r t ic u la r a sb e sto s product produce cancer? Are we, as in d u s t r ia l ur-ars, g o in g to be su b je cte d to lung ca n ce r and o th e r can cer c ls it s e , because we a re u sin g t h is a sb e sto s p r o d u c t, which v a i l a f f e c t our com pensation c o s ts end employe r e la t io n s and l i a b i l i t y ? Uhnt o th e r typ es o f lung d is e a s e o r r a d ic a l problems r.ny wa e xp e ct from tha use of th is product? If. -.uuuiatrc tior. c f d u s ts , percentage o f a sb e sto s , and p a r t ic le s iz e , f o r ho'.: ; . .y y x : : ; , w i ll ecu so can cer or o th e r m edical problems? Chut types o f r .o ile r ,1 end e n g in e e rin g sa fe gu a rd s e ra req uired f o r c o n tr o l and prove--ilion o f c io , . : .. ahon wc use t h is product? I n t e r n a lly , u L tk in the company, the q u astio : h .a l ,, ; ad ns to th y r a d i c a l p roblem s, p a r t i c u la r ly r e la t i n g to can cer and a c r e . were not recognized b e fo r e . A c tu a lly , they ware recogn ised , but era r.sbastos in d u stry chose to ig n o re and deny t h e i r e x is t e n c e . Evidence o f t h i s was as re c e n t a s the Industry Hygiene Foundation Study, sponsored by the Asbestos In d u stry, a t a c o st o f $4 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 , which provided a b asis f o r the companies to argue a g a in s t t h i s r e c o g n itio n o f a sb e sto s and lung c a n c e r . The r e p o r t , v?han p ro p e rly a n a ly z e d , had many w eaknesses, upon which th e c o n c lu s io n vac d ressi, and th e se weaknesses have been reco gn ized in s c i e n t i f i c c i r c l e s . R e fu ta tio n o f t h is re p o rt has a lr e a d y appeared i n p r e s s and i.d l l appear i ; a . number o f p u b lic a t io n s . C o n se q u e n tly , . th e a sb e sto s in d u s tr y cannot r e l y on th is report fo r leg al defense. A second ro re b asic reason fo r tbs lack o f recogn itio n i s th at there res no p lan n ed , i n t e l l i g e n t n o d ic a l s u r v e illa n c e o r s u p e r v is io n o f th e employes c r the company a c t i v i t i e s , to d e t e c t 'h a t was happening to th e employes o v e r th e y e a r s . In sane com panies, la r g e numbers o f can cers occurred aaong th e employe out tn e ra was no i n t e r e s t o r m edical e f f o r t o b tain ed to re c o g n iz e the o cc u p a tio n a l ce n ce r aria o th e r lun g d is e a s e problem s, I t i s a ls o p o s s ib le th a t th e re was no d e s ir e by th e se companies to re c o g n ize cue problem because o f the Workmen' s Co=pa n 3 a tio n ^ l i c a t i o n s . -.ru sn w ly, w a ,, i S not known can not be recogn ised a s a a o c c u p a tio n a l d ic a e s o . A th ir d reason fo r the la c k o f re c o g n itio n o f th e r a n -e r problem i s the -oa tiE S ^ o r . exposure to the development o f can cer, lhQ t a J r l =y o f c a s e s . K ey, a f t e r 25 to 30 y e a r s Qf the cases w i ll '? r 3T . o t ^ ' ro'ra4 f d i ? a l th o ia . *_ ' \ - by * " r-td rc l and in su ra n ce p r o fe s s io n s , th ^ -o y~ h be an in c r e a s in g i;ur.bsr o f cases * a d d itio n a l years p a ss. T his i s S g t o tho y e a ~s ^ ej-pocure to a s b e s to s . U s u a lly , th e h i - ^ X X ~ O r a t i o n o f exposure i n y e a r s , th e s h o r te r th e la t e n t p e r io d , a lvr .,.h X 7 X i " v the io u o r concentration * e!* o * r .. t U have a TM c h I o n ,h 1 #ir* * ' enS -h " . V " - g b k b s r ia ^ J *-* -::-y ? % o f'in s n r h c " s S n s s s I S -'-'"iruy d a ta . ^ ^ ."-cr, t h : : u u tion now has changed. Thie in fo rm a tio n i s now i ore .ly i,u,,..a "c i.t i i c C ir c le s end i s d e f in it e l y known by the unions . k f re a lly in vo lved because c f th e ir fin a n c ia l support in part o f the I >jc <t| which reported p o s it iv e fin d in g s w ith ca n ce r. Fiw'thor tM ~ t-rr~ ~ v i l i re c e iv e co n gre ssio n a l and p u b lic a tte n tio n b==K1s " o n i t i o h l S ; by a United S t . ' P u b lic Boolth Service on a sb e sto s and ca n ce r. A tte n tio n i x y be d ir e c te d to t h is before Workmen's Compensation Boards throughout tha country, because asbestos serves as an e x ce lle n t illu s tr a tio n o f tha weakness o f Uorks.on's Compensation Laws r e la t iv e to o ccu p atio n al cancer (statu te o f li::.itc.ticu s) fu rth er attention cay occur as th is il l u s t r a t io n i s used in c o l l e c t i v e b arg a in in g co n tra cts among u n io n s, not o n ly asb estos, but b o ilers ch ars, pipd f i t t e r s , e t c ,, fo r extra r ic k pay, sickness insurance, changes in pensions, ate. A l l o f th eca e v e n ts, in d iv id u a lly and c o l l e c t i v e l y , rep resen t p o te n tia l and a c tu a l sources o f a tte n tio n throughout the co u n try , d ir e c te d a t asb estos as a h e a lth h a za rd , and rep resent a l i k e l y sequence o f e v e n ts. Although a tte n tio n hoc been focused on cancer in t h is report because t h is i s a d ise a se core r e a d ily recognised and ap p reciated by th e u ser o r consumer, as r o l l as tha gen eral p u b lic , Tea P h ilip Carey M anufacturing Company must r e p lie s th a t a s im ila r c l t . a tio n r.&y be d evelo p in g; i . e . , a la c k o f re co g n i tion of other health p :ah iaas, fo r tha sacs reasons previously sta te d , fo r ocher chem icals ar.d p rocesses in the company o p e ra tio n s. U nices a read ied sin. dy i s made o f the; in d u s t r ia l p o p u lation and v a rio u s r-.co rd s, three T.roMc.cr w ill not bs recognized in time to prevent an " outbreak'1 o f c, c o lle c t io n o f ca ses o f the soma d is e a s e o f o ccu p a tio n a l o rig a n , nor recognised in t . i . t o p r o te ct the h e a lth o f the employes, w ith the same sequence o f events p o s s ib le as re la te d e a r lie r to asb estos and ca n ce r. Planned m edical stu d ie s e ra required to d e te c t these problems a s e a r ly as p o s s ib le ; c e r t a in ly b efo re they Its o n s se rio u s in terms of sic k n e ss and Work: o n 's Compensation c o s ts or l i a b i l i t y . In t h is way, the company can pro t e c t the h e a lth c f the employes and be forewarned r e la t iv e to h e a lth y proDiens and p rojected i l i t i e s , and can d e sig n a course o f a c tio n ap p rop riate to tha situ atio n . .-or.3 or t' c itl.-c- which require study are cancer and bloc-d chnrr es or specific gr. .s;s exposer asphalt, tar and other solvents; lung changes w. eng unozQ expat.-id to talc,silica and dusts of varying compositions, including era's?.c end c.;physena which ray be related to dusts and soma other chemicals. These rr.adical s tu d ie s a re r e a l l y whet a ccri^e::.-...',: i . v r ,id C-nd v.culd do fo r a company to p r o te c t th a h e a lth o f the f ..n l o tae^" f i n a n c i a l in t e r e s t s o f the company. Such s tu d ie s f o r th o se i . , zy n o t be a cq u a in te d w ith th a r e s p o n s i b i li t i e s o f a m edical d ir e c t o r and the fu n c t io n s t h a t would be n orm ally c a r r ie d out by an experienced m edical d ir e c to r la b e l such stu dies as research, I t is true th at such studies do require ad d ition al s h ills aid trainin' a v a ila b le from a co n s u lta n t to avoid th e p i t f a l l s th a t e x is t in the c o lle c t io n and an a ly se s o f such d a ta , but the p o in t being emphasised i s th a t tn sse m edical stu d ies are a normal, necessary fu n c tio n th a t every company, p a r t i c u l a r l y one w ith roany problem s, would have c a r r ie d o u t a s an c n -g o in g current operation. I n t h i s manner, management can be a d vise d o f v a rio u s h e a lt h p rob lem s, fcheir n a tu re , e x t a n t , lo c a t io n and th e im p lic a tio n s t h e r e o f, ju s t a s the research e n g in e e r , p la n t manager o r employe r e la t io n s d i r e c t o r , do i n t h e ir respective fie ld s . These m edical stu d ies o f the employes exposed to s p e c ific d u cts c r ch e m ic a ls p rovid e o b se rv a tio n s which r..ay se rv e a s a b a s is o f e x t r a p o la t io n to consumer use o f these products. 3y determ ining the dust concentrations of s p e c ific operation s, the ch em ical com position o f the d u s ts , p a r t i c le s iz e and d u r a tio n o f cxo o cu re, fo r s p e c ific p o p u lation groups and n o tin g changes in tim e o f x -ra y o r la b o r a to r y f i n d i n g s , a s w ail a s o b se rv in g the development o f symptoms o r r e la te d il l n e s s e s , c o r r e la tio n s r.ay be e s ta b lis h e d . T h is would be dona on a departm ental comparison b asis o f employes ch aracterized by sa x , c o lo r , a g e , and d u ra tio n o f employment, but d i f f e r i n g by' o ccu p a tio n al exposure, i t i s p o s s ib le , through use o f e x is t in g employe records organised by H r . h r le g , to e s t a b li s h a p la n t co h o rt c s o f 1950 o r 1952, id e n t if ie d by d e partm ent and th a n e cessa ry c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , so th a t & fo lle v - u p stu d y co a id bn undertaken. T h is would in v o lv e study and search o f r a d ic a l re c o r d s , s ic k n e s s and in s u ra n ce c o v e ra g e , e t c . S i m i l a r l y , o b se rv a tio n s o f im portance co u ld be d e r iv e ! ir o n c tu d y ia v -e Plymouth JSeeting population in p a r tic u la r , th e ir ; n a ta lity p attern ; i . e , , ti'j p a tte r n o f th e v a rio u s cau ses o f d e a th o f th a t c p lo y s p o p u la tio n , to d e t e c t a b n o r m a litie s o r v a r ia t io n s w ith c e n t r a l s , o f spe c i f i c ca u se s o f -;v e h . This ray provide a clu e as to the r e la tiv e sig n ific a n ce c f asbestos expos, va. The Plymouth m eeting p la n t now r e c e n t ly c lo s e d , p re s e n ts & un iqu e and v i t a l s it u a tio n t c stu d y what fa c t o r s c r com bination o f fa c t o r s in te r r a o f d u ratio n of exposure to asb esto s, i s required fo r the development c f cancer and r e la te d d is e a s e s . Estir.a/ces o f c o n c e n tra tio n s way be d eriv ed and to g e th e r w ith a n a ly se s c f s e t t le d d u st and th e ra k in g o f depart.. ?:vcul com parisons o f employs groups exposed under v a rio u s c o n d it io n s , soma ir.d e ;: i.t y be d e riv e d r e l a t i v e to th e y ears and typ es o f exposure re q u ir e d . Plymouth t in g p la n t , in c o a ra r is o n w ith the s m a lle r groups o: mused i - 'se k ia n d , has the n ecessary s iz e p o p u la tio n exposed o ver e. t u f f ic .ie n t ly 1.. .. j period o f tim e to a s b e s to s , from which m eaningful o b se rv a tio n s o r con- c fu s io n s could be made. Mow t i n t the Plymouth M eeting p la n t i s c lo s e d , a con f i d e n t i a l and f l e x i b l e study cun ba made w ith in the company s t r u c t u r e . W ith a ccrrson te rm in a tio n d ate fo r a l l em ployes, a b e tte r s t a t i s t i c a l evalu a tio n can be made. T h is i s an id e a l s it u a tio n to attem pt to a s c e r ta in the standards and p o in ts o f re fe re n c e f o r comparison w ith employes o f o th er p la n t s . A lthough d u s t d e term in a tio n s and n e cessa ry a n a ly se s were not done in the past fo r the vario u s P h ilip Carey o p eration s, an experienced in d u s tria l hygiene engineer can p iece together production schedules, changes in operations, v e n t ila t io n d a t e , a n a ly te s o f r a t t le d d u s t s , e t c . , to o b ta in soma e stim a te o f the probable range an', c o a ;-c o itio n o f th e d ust exposures i n th e p a s t , which can be related to ; .^ d ierl d ata. I t i s not known a t p resen t mart lias been th e e x te n t o f c h e s t x -r a y s in the vario us P h ilip Carey operation!: arc p la n ts over the years and to what exten t those are a v a ila b le . Forward p r o s p e c tiv e m edical s tu d ie s could and should be s e t up a t the Canadian o p e ra tio n s. T his should be tie d togeth er w ith comprehensive engineer in g d a ta and -could serve as p o in ts o f re fe re n c e in su cce e d in g y e a r s . A c a r e f u l l y su p ervised r. a d ic c l progr.ui w ith s p e c ia l e x a m in a tio n s, in c lu d in g r e s p ir a to r y fu n c tio n s t u d ie s , should be i n i t i a t e d and repeated a t p e r io d ic i n t e r v a l s , to observe and d e te c t the s u r lie s t changes in the lungs o f employes o f the Canadian c p o ra fic u a . Those fin d in g s then could be c o rre la te d with exposure d a ta and would co n firm the absence o r presence o f a h e a lt h hazard e a r ly enough to do something about i t and to p r e v e n t ' l i a b i l i t y . In fo rm a tio n from Canada, re p re se n tin g r e l a t i v e l y new o p era tio n s and em ployes, may p rovid e im portant d a ta f o r e x tre m a la fio n to o th e r a reas and t h is o p p o rtu n ity should ba u t i l i z e d . In e s s e n c e , m edical and e n g in e e rin g s tu d ie s a re consi-dered v i t a l to th e company's o p era tio n s and fin a n c ia l l i a b i l i t y and s a le s . ' 3 . P rep are end in a u g u rate a r a d ic a l end e n gin ee rin g cannuls. _t s e r v ic e and program o f co n su la r a i d , f o r th e e v a lu a tio n and cant;. ,1 o f any h e a lt h problems and proper guid an ce on v e n t ila t io n co n tr le f o r th u ca:...,any*G products. 4. D isco n tin u e the p r a c tic e o f p la c in g on P h ilip C a r e y 's p a y ro ll employes o f su b-co n tractors in d iffe r e n t areas o f th country because o f the o ccu p atio n al d ise a se l i a b i l i t y . I t has alread y been e sta b lish e d by the re ce n t stu d y supported by th e u n io n , th a t the union n.sx.Lsrs have a h ig h Lung cancer rate. I t i s h ig h ly l i h e l y th a t th e se i n s t a l l e r s , eirposed to a sb e sto s over the y e a r s , and g e n e r a lly co n tin u in g the sure type o f icork, v.d.11 develop h ig h lung c a n c e r r a t e s . I t i s in a d v is a b le to p la c e th e company in the p o s itio n o f d e fe n d in g a g a in s t such c l a i r s and having such s u it s a s s o c ia te d v i t a P h ilip C a r e y . Such le g a l and n o d ic a l c o s t s can ba a v o id e d , a s so 11 as Uorkrvan's Compensation claires. Such employes should remain the employes o f the su b -co n tra cto rs (Example noted in a a c tio n a l study - death c e r t if ic a t e o f lung c a r t e r c a s e , reported as an employa o f The P h ilip Carey M anufacturing Company in Chicago - a c t u a l l y a s u b -c o n tr a c t em ploye). 5. S e t up r ig id p h y s ic a l exam in ation s and com prehensive pre-employment in form ation on a l l nev employes to exclud e 'ce rta in dust exposures, in d iv id u a ls x;ith other chest d ise a se s, e t c .; sp e cia l stu d ies o f s p e c ific occupational groups to d etect e a rly changes o f harmful nature; procedures fo r medical s u rv o illa n c e , e t c . ; conduct sp e cia l stu d ies to determine those already a ffe cte d and not recogn ised \.ho can be tr a n s fe r r e d b efo re fu r t h e r p ro gre ssio n o f th e illn e s s or disease. 6. R eco n sid er re tire m e n t and p en sion p la n s , s ic k n e s s and in su ran ce b e n e fit s to determ ine the most advantageous p la n f o r employes ami the company, in l i g h t o f th e la r g e number o f em ployes in c e r t a in ago group s v lt h many y e a r s o f ea.ployv.ent exp osure T.ho, in advanced a g e s , c a y dove lo p th e ..c b la a l c o n d itio n discusses in th is report. -- it -1 1 - .Cri re u n a to ly , JLV P h i l i p C :r e y Lhauufccturing Company i s now co n fro n te d v le h se e in g th e consequences o f a 1* cl; o f a program o f m e d ica l s u p e r v is io n o f ir_. c.-p loycs1 h ealth ever the years; lack o f dust co n tro l; lack o f awareness o f the in ju rio u s nature o f the various chem icals u t iliz e d in the working environm ent, as v:g 11 a s th e cos. u n it y , in terms o f a i r p o l l u t i o n . T h is b u ild -u p i s no;/ a p p a re n t. I t -is nec es scary t h a t top reave, a t be a le r te d to th e f i n a n c i a l l i a b i l i t i e s w hich a r e a t s t a k e , in --h- -*- > i c* O-L /-v y * a. Occupational disease clai; r Uorhssihs Compensation. c a u s in gO in c r e a s in gC3 fu n d s to be s e t a s id e b* A ir p o llu t i o n s u i t s fo r harm ful exp osu re, p a r t i c u l a r l y lung c a n c e r . c . E ffe c t on c a lc s by the p u b lic ity o f the a s s o c ia tio n o f cancer w ith th e use c f and th e isnr-ufcetura c f , a s b e sto s p r o d u c ts. This in form ation is . ssssary so th a t proper p lan s and judgments ca y ba made as to a co a re a o f a c t io n in th e o v e r - a l l company management. Such in fo r m a tio n arid warnings should not be taken l i g h t l y , s in c e th e r e c t o r s \filch veuld rake rack fin a n c ia l th reats p o ssib le are already in c u e ite a e c ani t r ill Le re ; - .ted in the near fu tu r e by th e a d d itio n a l p u b licafcicn o f other s c i e n t i f i c C r